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Coles CA, Woodman KG, Gibbs EM, Crosbie RH, White JD, Lamandé SR. Benfotiamine improves dystrophic pathology and exercise capacity in mdx mice by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1339-1355. [PMID: 38710523 PMCID: PMC11262745 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease. Cycles of myofibre degeneration and regeneration are hallmarks of the disease where immune cells infiltrate to repair damaged skeletal muscle. Benfotiamine is a lipid soluble precursor to thiamine, shown clinically to reduce inflammation in diabetic related complications. We assessed whether benfotiamine administration could reduce inflammation related dystrophic pathology. Benfotiamine (10 mg/kg/day) was fed to male mdx mice (n = 7) for 15 weeks from 4 weeks of age. Treated mice had an increased growth weight (5-7 weeks) and myofibre size at treatment completion. Markers of dystrophic pathology (area of damaged necrotic tissue, central nuclei) were reduced in benfotiamine mdx quadriceps. Grip strength was increased and improved exercise capacity was found in mdx treated with benfotiamine for 12 weeks, before being placed into individual cages and allowed access to an exercise wheel for 3 weeks. Global gene expression profiling (RNAseq) in the gastrocnemius revealed benfotiamine regulated signalling pathways relevant to dystrophic pathology (Inflammatory Response, Myogenesis) and fibrotic gene markers (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col4a5, Col5a2, Col6a2, Col6a2, Col6a3, Lum) towards wildtype levels. In addition, we observed a reduction in gene expression of inflammatory gene markers in the quadriceps (Emr1, Cd163, Cd4, Cd8, Ifng). Overall, these data suggest that benfotiamine reduces dystrophic pathology by acting on inflammatory and fibrotic gene markers and signalling pathways. Given benfotiamine's excellent safety profile and current clinical use, it could be used in combination with glucocorticoids to treat DMD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Male
- Thiamine/analogs & derivatives
- Thiamine/pharmacology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Coles
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Keryn G Woodman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical School, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gibbs
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, 612 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, 612 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jason D White
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Charles Sturt University, Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Research, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Shireen R Lamandé
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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2
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Parlak G, Çolakoğlu N. Protective effects of benfotiamine on cyfluthrin-induced testicular damage and sperm characteristics during the prepubertal period. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4663-4675. [PMID: 38112729 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyfluthrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, poses potential risks to both human health and the environment due to its extensive application in residential, agricultural, and outdoor settings. Conversely, benfotiamine, a fat-soluble derivative of vitamin B1, offers versatile therapeutic potential. This experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of cyfluthrin exposure during the prepubertal period on sperm characteristics and testicular tissue integrity in male rats, as well as to assess the protective effects of benfotiamine. A total of 32 4-week-old Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups. Group I received daily oral gavage of 1 ml/kg/day of olive oil (control). Group II was administered cyfluthrin (54 mg/kg/day) dissolved in 1 ml of olive oil. Group III received both cyfluthrin (54 mg/kg/day) and benfotiamine (100 mg/kg/day) in olive oil. Group IV was given benfotiamine (100 mg/kg/day) in olive oil. After 5 weeks of treatment, the rats underwent evaluations for sperm motility, epididymal sperm density, and abnormal sperm rates. Additionally, their testicular tissues were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. This study underscores the potential hazards of cyfluthrin exposure on male reproductive health and highlights the protective role of benfotiamine in mitigating these effects. It emphasizes the importance of careful pesticide usage and dosage considerations to prevent potential public health issues, including infertility, associated with long-term exposure to pesticides like cyfluthrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Parlak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Neriman Çolakoğlu
- Histology & Embryolgy, Firat University Medical Faculty, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
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3
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Nath M, Bhowmik D, Saha S, Nandi R, Kumar D. Identification of potential inhibitor against Leishmania donovani mitochondrial DNA primase through in-silico and in vitro drug repurposing approaches. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3246. [PMID: 38332162 PMCID: PMC10853515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is the causal organism of leishmaniasis with critical health implications affecting about 12 million people around the globe. Due to less efficacy, adverse side effects, and resistance, the available therapeutic molecules fail to control leishmaniasis. The mitochondrial primase of Leishmania donovani (LdmtPRI1) is a vital cog in the DNA replication mechanism, as the enzyme initiates the replication of the mitochondrial genome of Leishmania donovani. Hence, we target this protein as a probable drug target against leishmaniasis. The de-novo approach enabled computational prediction of the three-dimensional structure of LdmtPRI1, and its active sites were identified. Ligands from commercially available drug compounds were selected and docked against LdmtPRI1. The compounds were chosen for pharmacokinetic study and molecular dynamics simulation based on their binding energies and protein interactions. The LdmtPRI1 gene was cloned, overexpressed, and purified, and a primase activity assay was performed. The selected compounds were verified experimentally by the parasite and primase inhibition assay. Capecitabine was observed to be effective against the promastigote form of Leishmania donovani, as well as inhibiting primase activity. This study's findings suggest capecitabine might be a potential anti-leishmanial drug candidate after adequate further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitul Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Deep Bhowmik
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Satabdi Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Rajat Nandi
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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4
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Yeung AM, Huang J, Nguyen KT, Xu NY, Hughes LT, Agrawal BK, Ejskjaer N, Klonoff DC. Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: The Need for New Approaches. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:159-167. [PMID: 36305521 PMCID: PMC10899841 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221132252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy is a common vexing problem for people with diabetes and a costly problem for society. The pathophysiology is not well understood, and no safe and effective mechanistically-based treatment has been identified. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor for painful diabetic neuropathy. Excessive intraneuronal glucose in people with diabetes can be shunted away from physiological glycolysis into multiple pathological pathways associated with neuropathy and pain. The first three treatments that are traditionally offered consist of risk factor reduction, lifestyle modifications, and pharmacological therapy, which includes only three drugs that are approved for this indication by the United States Food and Drug Administration. All of these traditional treatments are often inadequate for relieving neuropathic pain, and thus, new approaches are needed. Modern devices based on neuromodulation technology, which act directly on the nervous system, have been recently cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration for painful diabetic neuropathy and offer promise as next-in-line therapy when traditional therapies fail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicole Y. Xu
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo T. Hughes
- Balance Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | | | - Niels Ejskjaer
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark and Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - David C. Klonoff
- Diabetes Technology Society, Burlingame, CA, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA
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5
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Kamchatnov PR, Chugunov AV, Kabanov AA, Kazakov AY, Safronova ND. [B vitamins and diseases of the peripheral nervous system]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:75-82. [PMID: 38884433 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412405175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Various diseases of the peripheral nervous system are associated with metabolic disorders of B vitamins. A lack of neurotropic vitamins, which began in the early stages of the development of a bacterial disease, led to its more rapid development. The article analyzes data on B vitamin deficiency in the pathogenesis of the most dangerous diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Information is provided about the dangers of the clinical use of the drug Combilipen for the treatment of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Kamchatnov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Buyanov City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Chugunov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Healthcare Management of the Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Kabanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Kazakov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N D Safronova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Bozic I, Lavrnja I. Thiamine and benfotiamine: Focus on their therapeutic potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21839. [PMID: 38034619 PMCID: PMC10682628 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and overall health. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the conversion of carbohydrates into energy in the body. Thiamine is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, heart and muscles. Thiamine deficiency is a life-threatening disease that leads to various disorders and lesions in the nerves and brain, at least in vertebrates. Several thiamine precursors with higher bioavailability have been developed to compensate for thiamine deficiency, including benfotiamine. Benfotiamine is more bioavailable and has higher tissue penetration than thiamine. Studies have shown its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in activated immune and glial cells. It also improves complications observed in type 2 diabetes and has beneficial effects in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. Benfotiamine represents an off-the-shelf agent used to support nerve health, promote healthy aging and support glucose metabolism. Accordingly, the present review aimed to provide an overview of the neuroprotective effects of thiamine/benfotiamine in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Tobeh NS, Bruce KD. Emerging Alzheimer's disease therapeutics: promising insights from lipid metabolism and microglia-focused interventions. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1259012. [PMID: 38020773 PMCID: PMC10630922 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1259012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 55 million people suffer from dementia, with this number projected to double every 20 years. In the United States, 1 in 3 aged individuals dies from Alzheimer's disease (AD) or another type of dementia and AD kills more individuals than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease involving amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, glial cell dysfunction, and lipid droplet accumulation (among other pathologies), ultimately leading to neurodegeneration and neuronal death. Unfortunately, the current FDA-approved therapeutics do not reverse nor halt AD. While recently approved amyloid-targeting antibodies can slow AD progression to improve outcomes for some patients, they are associated with adverse side effects, may have a narrow therapeutic window, and are expensive. In this review, we evaluate current and emerging AD therapeutics in preclinical and clinical development and provide insight into emerging strategies that target brain lipid metabolism and microglial function - an approach that may synergistically target multiple mechanisms that drive AD neuropathogenesis. Overall, we evaluate whether these disease-modifying emerging therapeutics hold promise as interventions that may be able to reverse or halt AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour S Tobeh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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8
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Bettendorff L. Synthetic Thioesters of Thiamine: Promising Tools for Slowing Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11296. [PMID: 37511056 PMCID: PMC10379298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for the brain. This is attributed to the coenzyme role of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) in glucose and energy metabolism. The synthetic thiamine prodrug, the thioester benfotiamine (BFT), has been extensively studied and has beneficial effects both in rodent models of neurodegeneration and in human clinical studies. BFT has no known adverse effects and improves cognitive outcomes in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. In cell culture and animal models, BFT has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that seem to be mediated by a mechanism independent of the coenzyme function of ThDP. Recent in vitro studies show that another thiamine thioester, O,S-dibenzoylthiamine (DBT), is even more efficient than BFT, especially with respect to its anti-inflammatory potency, and is effective at lower concentrations. Thiamine thioesters have pleiotropic properties linked to an increase in circulating thiamine concentrations and possibly in hitherto unidentified open thiazole ring derivatives. The identification of the active neuroprotective metabolites and the clarification of their mechanism of action open extremely promising perspectives in the field of neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric conditions. The present review aims to summarize existing data on the neuroprotective effects of thiamine thioesters and give a comprehensive account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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9
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Sharma S, Rayman G. Frontiers in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy (DSPN). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1165505. [PMID: 37274325 PMCID: PMC10234502 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1165505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a significant complication of diabetes affecting up to 50% of patients in their lifetime and approximately 20% of patients suffer from painful diabetes neuropathic pain. DSPN - both painless and painful - leads to considerable morbidity including reduction of quality of life, increased lower limb amputations and is associated with worsening mortality. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of pathogenesis of DSPN and the last decade has seen newer techniques aimed at its earlier diagnosis. The management of painful DSPN remains a challenge despite advances made in the unravelling the pathogenesis of pain and its transmission. This article discusses the heterogenous clinical presentation of DSPN and the need to exclude key differential diagnoses. Furthermore, it reviews in detail the current diagnostic techniques involving both large and small neural fibres, their limitations and advantages and current place in the diagnosis of DSPN. Finally, the management of DSPN including newer pharmacotherapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Sharma
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Ipswich Hospital, East Suffolk and North East Essex NHS Foundation Trust (ESNEFT), Ipswich, United Kingdom
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10
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Lipoxin and glycation in SREBP signaling: Insight into diabetic cardiomyopathy and associated lipotoxicity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106698. [PMID: 36379414 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes increases cardiovascular risk through hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis. Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates glycation reaction, which forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Additionally, hyperglycemia with enhanced levels of cholesterol, native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins, free fatty acids, and oxidative stress induces lipotoxicity. Accelerated glycation and disturbed lipid metabolism are characteristic features of diabetic heart failure. SREBP signaling plays a significant role in lipid and glucose homeostasis. AGEs increase lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting SREBP signaling. While anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, lipoxins resolve inflammation caused by lipotoxicity by upregulating the PPARγ expression and regulating CD36. PPARγ connects the bridge between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling. A summary of treatment modalities against diabetic cardiomyopathy is given in brief. This review indicates the novel therapeutic approach in the crosstalk between glycation and lipoxin in SREBP signaling.
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11
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Blaylock RL. The biochemical basis of neurodegenerative disease: The role of immunoexcitoxicity and ways to possibly attenuate it. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 37151454 PMCID: PMC10159298 DOI: 10.25259/sni_250_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that inflammation secondary to immune activation is intimately connected to excitotoxicity. We now know that most peripheral tissues contain fully operational glutamate receptors. While most of the available research deals with excitotoxicity in central nervous system (CNS) tissues, this is no longer true. Even plant has been found to contain glutamate receptors. Most of the immune cells, including mask cells, contain glutamate receptors. The receptors are altered by inflammation, both chemokine and cytokines. A host of new diseases have been found that are caused by immunity to certain glutamate receptors, as we see with Rasmussen's encephalitis. In this paper, I try to explain this connection and possible ways to reduce or even stop the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L. Blaylock
- Corresponding author: Russell L. Blaylock, M.D. 609 Old Natchez Trace Canton, MS. Retired Neurosurgeon, Department of Neurosurgery, Theoretical Neuroscience Research, LLC, Ridgeland, Mississippi, United States.
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12
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Tippairote T, Bjørklund G, Gasmi A, Semenova Y, Peana M, Chirumbolo S, Hangan T. Combined Supplementation of Coenzyme Q 10 and Other Nutrients in Specific Medical Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:4383. [PMID: 36297067 PMCID: PMC9609170 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a compound with a crucial role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane antioxidant protection. Despite the ubiquitous endogenous biosynthesis, specific medical conditions are associated with low circulating CoQ10 levels. However, previous studies of oral CoQ10 supplementation yielded inconsistent outcomes. In this article, we reviewed previous CoQ10 trials, either single or in combination with other nutrients, and stratified the study participants according to their metabolic statuses and medical conditions. The CoQ10 supplementation trials in elders reported many favorable outcomes. However, the single intervention was less promising when the host metabolic statuses were worsening with the likelihood of multiple nutrient insufficiencies, as in patients with an established diagnosis of metabolic or immune-related disorders. On the contrary, the mixed CoQ10 supplementation with other interacting nutrients created more promising impacts in hosts with compromised nutrient reserves. Furthermore, the results of either single or combined intervention will be less promising in far-advanced conditions with established damage, such as neurodegenerative disorders or cancers. With the limited high-level evidence studies on each host metabolic category, we could only conclude that the considerations of whether to take supplementation varied by the individuals' metabolic status and their nutrient reserves. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsak Tippairote
- Department of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, HP Medical Center, Bangkok 10540, Thailand
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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13
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Stratmann B. Dicarbonyl Stress in Diabetic Vascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6186. [PMID: 35682865 PMCID: PMC9181283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Late vascular complications play a prominent role in the diabetes-induced increase in morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus is recognised as a risk factor driving atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality; even after the normalisation of blood glucose concentration, the event risk is amplified-an effect called "glycolytic memory". The hallmark of this glycolytic memory and diabetic pathology are advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive glucose metabolites such as methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound derived mainly from glycolysis. MGO and AGEs have an impact on vascular and organ structure and function, contributing to organ damage. As MGO is not only associated with hyperglycaemia in diabetes but also with other risk factors for diabetic vascular complications such as obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, MGO is identified as a major player in the development of vascular complications in diabetes both on micro- as well as macrovascular level. In diabetes mellitus, the detoxifying system for MGO, the glyoxalase system, is diminished, accounting for the increased MGO concentration and glycotoxic load. This overview will summarise current knowledge on the effect of MGO and AGEs on vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Stratmann
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Diabeteszentrum, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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14
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Ziegler D, Tesfaye S, Spallone V, Gurieva I, Al Kaabi J, Mankovsky B, Martinka E, Radulian G, Nguyen KT, Stirban AO, Tankova T, Varkonyi T, Freeman R, Kempler P, Boulton AJ. Screening, diagnosis and management of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in clinical practice: International expert consensus recommendations. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109063. [PMID: 34547367 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) affects around one third of people with diabetes and accounts for considerable morbidity, increased risk of mortality, reduced quality of life, and increased health care costs resulting particularly from neuropathic pain and foot ulcers. Painful DSPN is encountered in 13-26% of diabetes patients, while up to 50% of patients with DSPN may be asymptomatic. Unfortunately, DSPN still remains inadequately diagnosed and treated. Herein we provide international expert consensus recommendations and algorithms for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of DSPN in clinical practice derived from a Delphi process. Typical neuropathic symptoms include pain, paresthesias, and numbness particularly in the feet and calves. Clinical diagnosis of DSPN is based on neuropathic symptoms and signs (deficits). Management of DSPN includes three cornerstones: (1) lifestyle modification, optimal diabetes treatment aimed at near-normoglycemia, and multifactorial cardiovascular risk intervention, (2) pathogenetically oriented pharmacotherapy (e.g. α-lipoic acid and benfotiamine), and (3) symptomatic treatment of neuropathic pain including analgesic pharmacotherapy (antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, capsaicin 8% patch and combinations, if required) and non-pharmacological options. Considering the individual risk profile, pain management should not only aim at pain relief, but also allow for improvement in quality of sleep, functionality, and general quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenza Spallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Irina Gurieva
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise, Moscow, Russia; Department of Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Boris Mankovsky
- Department of Diabetology, National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Emil Martinka
- National Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lubochna, Slovak Republic; Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriela Radulian
- "N. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Romania
| | - Khue Thy Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Tsvetalina Tankova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tamás Varkonyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roy Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Péter Kempler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrew Jm Boulton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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15
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Subramani PA, Shaik FB, Michael RD, Panati K, Narala VR. Thiamine Is a Natural Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) Activator. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220127121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There has been increasing evidence for the correlation between thiamine deficiency and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a condition in which an individual’s insulin sensitivity is highly compromised. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor etiologically relevant to T2D. We hypothesized that thiamine could be a PPAR-γ ligand and thus activate PPAR-γ and ameliorate T2D.
Objective:
This study aims to establish thiamine as a PPAR-γ ligand via molecular docking and dynamics simulations (MDS) and thiamine’s ability to induce adipogenesis, upregulating PPAR-γ and AP-2 genes using in vitro assays.
Methods:
Thiamine/PPAR-γ binding was studied using Schrödinger’s Glide. The bound complex was simulated in the OPLS 2005 force field using Desmond. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells were differentiated in the presence of thiamine and rosiglitazone and stained with Oil Red O. Nuclear protein from the differentiated cells was used to study the binding of the PPAR-γ response element (PPRE) using an ELISA-based assay. mRNA from differentiated cells was used to study the expression of genes using quantitative RT-PCR.
Results:
In silico docking shows that thiamine binds with PPAR-γ. MDS indicate that the interactions between thiamine and PPAR-γ are stable over a significant period. Thiamine induces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner and enhances the PPRE-binding activity of PPAR-γ. Thiamine treatment significantly increases the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ and AP-2 genes.
Conclusion:
Our results show that thiamine is a PPAR-γ ligand. Animal studies and clinical trials are required to corroborate the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, A.P., 516 005, India
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India
| | | | - R. Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India
| | - Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa -516 004, India
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16
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Angelov T. HPLC determination of pKa value of benfotiamine. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.2016443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Angelov
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
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17
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Huang S, Huang M, Dong X. Advanced Glycation End Products in Meat during Processing and Storage: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1936003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
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18
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Sheng L, Cao W, Lin P, Chen W, Xu H, Zhong C, Yuan F, Chen H, Li H, Liu C, Yang M, Li X. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of Benfotiamine in Healthy Subjects. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1101-1110. [PMID: 33727798 PMCID: PMC7955752 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s296197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses (SADs/MADs) of benfotiamine were assessed after oral administration in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trials. Methods Healthy subjects were sequentially enrolled into one of five SAD (150–1200 mg) or three MAD (150, 300 or 600 mg) cohorts. In SAD study, each cohort of 12 subjects (n = 10, active; n = 2, placebo) were administrated once-daily doses. In MAD study, each cohort of 16 subjects (n = 12, active; n = 4, placebo) were administrated once-daily on day 1 and twice-daily on day 4–9, followed by a single morning dose on day 10. Results In the SAD study, the median time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) arrived 1.0 to 2.0 h for thiamine (TM), 3.5 to 8.0 h for thiamine monophosphate (TMP), and 8.0 to 24.0 h for thiamine diphosphate (TDP) after administration of benfotiamine. The area under concentration-time curve from 0 to last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) or maximum observed concentration (Cmax) of TM, TMP, and TDP was less or more dose proportional over the single dose studied except Cmax of TM. Food consumption did not increase the level of TM and TDP at baseline. TM exhibited a relatively long elimination half-life (t1/2) in all doses studied, resulting in accumulation ratio (Rac) of 1.96 to 2.11 and accumulation ratio based on Cmax (Rac, Cmax) of 1.60 to 1.88 following 7 days of multiple dosing. Comparable accumulation results were also obtained for TDP after multiple dosing. The incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) were similar between benfotiamine and placebo. The commonly reported drug-related AEs were increased ALT and urinary WBC. Conclusion Both SAD and MAD studies of benfotiamine in healthy subjects were safe and well tolerated. TM and TDP exhibited moderate accumulation on repeated administration of benfotiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shanghai Rixin Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Lin
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrong Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuening Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Koc S, Erdogan MA, Erdogan E, Yalcin A, Turk A, Erdogan MM. Protective effect of benfotiamine on methotrexate induced gastric damage in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:586-593. [PMID: 33325753 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1853237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for treating cancers and inflammatory diseases; it is a potential anti-metabolite and folate antagonist. We investigated potential protective effects of benfotiamine on MTX damage. We used a rat model of MTX induced gastric injury to assess changes in gastric histopathology, oxidative stress and visfatin levels due to MTX treatment. Rats were divided into four groups: an untreated control group, an MTX group treated with a single dose of MTX, a benfotiamine group treated with benfotiamine daily for two weeks, and a benfotiamine + MTX group treated with a single dose of MTX followed by benfotiamine daily for two weeks. Total tissue antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and visfatin levels were measured at the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, we investigated both visfatin expression and the histopathology of gastric tissues. The mean visfatin level was lower in the MTX group than in the benfotiamine group. The mean tissue TOS levels were higher in MTX group than in the control, benfotiamine or benfotiamine + MTX groups. Significant gastric gland dilation, and erosion and loss of mucosa were found on the gastric surface in the MTX group compared to the control group. The dilation, erosion and mucosal loss were decreased significantly in the benfotiamine + MTX group compared to the MTX group. Compared to the control group, visfatin immunoreactivity was reduced significantly in the MTX group. Decreased visfatin levels appear to play a role in the mechanism of gastric damage. Benfotiamine may be useful for preventing MTX induced gastric injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koc
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - M A Erdogan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - E Erdogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - A Turk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - M M Erdogan
- Histology and Embryology, Malatya Educatıon and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
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20
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Ziegler D, Papanas N, Schnell O, Nguyen BDT, Nguyen KT, Kulkantrakorn K, Deerochanawong C. Current concepts in the management of diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:464-475. [PMID: 32918837 PMCID: PMC8015839 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is encountered in approximately one-third of people with diabetes. This, in turn, might markedly impoverish their quality of life, mainly owing to neuropathic pain and foot ulcerations. Painful DSPN might be as frequent as 25% in diabetes patients. Symptoms as a result of DSPN typically comprise pain, paresthesia and numbness in the distal lower limbs. Asymptomatic DSPN might reach 50% among patients with this condition. Unfortunately, DSPN is still not adequately diagnosed and treated. Its management has three priorities: (i) lifestyle improvement, near-normoglycemia and multifactorial cardiovascular risk intervention; (ii) pathogenesis-oriented pharmacotherapy; and (iii) symptomatic alleviation of pain. Intensive diabetes therapy showed evidence for favorable effects on the incidence and deterioration of DSPN in type 1 diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes. Among pathogenesis-oriented treatments, α-lipoic acid, actovegin, benfotiamine and epalrestat are currently authorized to treat DSPN in several countries. Symptomatic therapy uses analgesics, notably antidepressants, opioids and anticonvulsants, reducing pain by ≥50% in approximately 50% of individuals, but might be limited, particularly by central nervous system-related adverse events. Local treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch might offer an alternative. In addition to pain relief, therapy should improve sleep, mobility and quality of life. In conclusion, multimodal treatment of DSPN should consider the individual risk profile, pathogenetic treatment and pain management using pharmacotherapy (combinations, if required), as well as non-pharmacological options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V at the Helmholtz Center, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bich Dao Thi Nguyen
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Tam Duc Heart Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khue Thy Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Chaicharn Deerochanawong
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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The Neuroprotective Role of Alpha Thioctic Acid and Vitamin B Complex in Diabetic Neuropathy - an Experimental Study. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2020; 46:150-155. [PMID: 32874687 PMCID: PMC7445648 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.46.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, approximately 463 million people are estimated to suffer from a form of diabetes mellitus, with diabetic neuropathy being one of its most common complication. Using streptozotocin to induce diabetes in C57BL/6J mice, we assess the neuroprotective role of alpha thioctic acid and vitamin B complex in diabetic neuropathy. In order to highlight the peripheral nerve changes produced by diabetes, we performed an electroneurographic recording of the animals and compared the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Treatment with alpha thioctic acid (A), or vitamin B complex (B), or A+B caused a smaller decrease in CMAP amplitude than if these therapies had not been applied. On the other hand, we found that in group A+B a smaller decrease of CMAP amplitude was observed compared to the control group (6 weeks after the onset of diabetes p<0.0001). Also, separate treatment with alpha thioctic acid alone caused a smaller decrease in CMAP amplitude compared to the control group (6 weeks after the onset of diabetes mellitus p<0.0436), but also separate treatment with vitamin B complex alone resulted in a smaller decrease of CMAP amplitude compared to the Control group (6 weeks after the onset of diabetes p<0.0070). The combined therapy with alpha thioctic acid and vitamin B complex has a greater effect in preventing axonal degeneration in diabetic neuropathy than the single therapy only with alpha thioctic acid or only with vitamin B complex.
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22
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Mahdavifard S, Nakhjavani M. Thiamine pyrophosphate improved vascular complications of diabetes in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:47. [PMID: 32884922 PMCID: PMC7456440 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thiamine deficiency contributes to hyperglycemia and diabetes complications. Thus, in this study, the effect of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) on the in vivo and in vitro formation of glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers (the main contributors of vascular diabetes complications) was examined in type 2 diabetes rat model. Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with a combination of streptozotocin and nicotinamide (55+200 mg/kg). Two groups of rats, healthy and diabetic, were treated with 0.1% TPP in drinking water daily for 3 months and the 2 others received water only. The glucose, insulin, early to end glycation products, the activity of glyoxalase system, lipid profile, LDL oxidation markers, inflammatory markers, creatinine in the serum, and proteinuria in the urine of all rats were determined. Moreover, albumin and LDL were incubated with glucose in the presence and absence of TPP, and the samples were investigated for glycation and oxidation products. Different variables in all 4 groups were compared with multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA-Tukey) test using SPSS version 16. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: TPP decreased the formation of diverse glycation and oxidation products in both in vivo (glycated LDL= 144.50±3.48 and oxidized LDL= 54.08±2.67 μmol/l) and in vitro (glycated LDL= 107.00±2.82 and oxidized LDL= 50.83±1.22 μmol/l). In addition, the vitamin reduced fasting blood sugar (9.23±0.29), insulin resistance (9.10±0.50), tumor necrosis factor-α (285.43±15.97), interleukin-6 (257.65±13.06), and improved the lipid profile, the activity of Glo system (Glo-I= 31.65±1.06 and Glo-II= 27.01±0.90 U/mL) and renal function in the diabetic rat (p<0.001). Conclusion: TPP decreased the major risk factors for diabetic complications and corrected the alternations of glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats; thus, it is recommended for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Mahdavifard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Manochehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrine Division, Vali-asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ahmed LA, Hassan OF, Galal O, Mansour DF, El-Khatib A. Beneficial effects of benfotiamine, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232413. [PMID: 32384080 PMCID: PMC7209119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was directed to investigate the beneficial effects of benfotiamine pre- and post-treatments in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI in rats. METHODS Myocardial heart damage was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (150 mg/kg) once daily for two consecutive days. Benfotiamine (100 mg/kg/day) was given orally for two weeks before or after ISO treatment. RESULTS ISO administration revealed significant changes in electrocardiographic recordings, elevation of levels of cardiac enzymes; creatinine kinase (CK-MB) and troponin-I (cTn-I), and perturbation of markers of oxidative stress; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and markers of inflammation; protein kinase C (PKC), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The apoptotic markers (caspase-8 and p53) were also significantly elevated in ISO groups in addition to histological alterations. Groups treated with benfotiamine pre- and post-ISO administration showed significantly decreased cardiac enzymes levels and improved oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers compared to the ISO groups. CONCLUSION The current study highlights the potential role of benfotiamine as a promising agent for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in myocardial damage in several cardiovascular disorders via NADPH oxidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omnia F. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Omneya Galal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Dina F. Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Aiman El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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24
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Erdogan MA, Yalcin A. Protective effects of benfotiamine on irisin activity in methotrexate-induced liver injury in rats. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:205-211. [PMID: 32051725 PMCID: PMC6963132 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.80002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) causes hepatotoxicity by producing oxidative stress. Benfotiamine and irisin have protective effects against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in irisin activity in the liver as a result of toxicity produced by MTX and the protective role of benfotiamine in the hepatotoxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control, benfotiamine (50 mg/kg, oral gavage (o.g.), for 14 days), MTX (MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) on day 1), MTX + benfotiamine (MTX 20 mg/kg (i.p.) on day 1, then 50 mg/kg (o.g.) benfotiamine for 14 days). Liver tissue was used to examine histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. Serum was used to look for oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS)). RESULTS Administration of MTX caused a significant TOS increase and TAS decrease in the serum as compared to the control group. Immunohistochemically, irisin was significantly increased in immunoreactivity in the MTX group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Significant histopathological improvement and decrease in serum TOS levels were observed in the MTX + benfotiamine group compared to the MTX group (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase in TAS level and a decrease in irisin immunoreactivity were observed but they were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that MTX caused an increase in the activity of irisin after producing toxicity in the liver. In addition, we found that benfotiamine was effective in preventing damage caused by MTX in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Erdogan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Alper Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
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25
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Gibson GE, Luchsinger JA, Cirio R, Chen H, Franchino-Elder J, Hirsch JA, Bettendorff L, Chen Z, Flowers SA, Gerber LM, Grandville T, Schupf N, Xu H, Stern Y, Habeck C, Jordan B, Fonzetti P. Benfotiamine and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:989-1010. [PMID: 33074237 PMCID: PMC7880246 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical models, benfotiamine efficiently ameliorates the clinical and biological pathologies that define Alzheimer's disease (AD) including impaired cognition, amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, diminished glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, increased advanced glycation end products (AGE), and inflammation. OBJECTIVE To collect preliminary data on feasibility, safety, and efficacy in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or mild dementia due to AD in a placebo-controlled trial of benfotiamine. METHODS A twelve-month treatment with benfotiamine tested whether clinical decline would be delayed in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group. The primary clinical outcome was the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Secondary outcomes were the clinical dementia rating (CDR) score and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, measured with brain positron emission tomography (PET). Blood AGE were examined as an exploratory outcome. RESULTS Participants were treated with benfotiamine (34) or placebo (36). Benfotiamine treatment was safe. The increase in ADAS-Cog was 43% lower in the benfotiamine group than in the placebo group, indicating less cognitive decline, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p = 0.125). Worsening in CDR was 77% lower (p = 0.034) in the benfotiamine group compared to the placebo group, and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Benfotiamine significantly reduced increases in AGE (p = 0.044), and this effect was stronger in the APOEɛ4 non-carriers. Exploratory analysis derivation of an FDG PET pattern score showed a treatment effect at one year (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Oral benfotiamine is safe and potentially efficacious in improving cognitive outcomes among persons with MCI and mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - José A. Luchsinger
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Hirsch
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
- Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
- Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A. Flowers
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linda M. Gerber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicole Schupf
- Mailman School of Public Health, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, GH Sergievsky Center, the Taub Institute for the Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Jordan
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pasquale Fonzetti
- Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY; Westmed Medical Group White Plains NY
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Advanced Glycation End Products: Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Complications under Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9570616. [PMID: 31885827 PMCID: PMC6925928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9570616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications are predominantly responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality observed in patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress under hyperglycemia is currently considered the initial link to diabetic cardiovascular complications and a key node for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-related fatal cardiovascular events. Numerous studies have indicated that the common upstream pathway in the context of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system under diabetic conditions is the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptors (RAGEs). Therefore, a further understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and AGEs is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. In this review, we will briefly summarize the recent research advances in diabetes with an emphasis on oxidative stress and its association with AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Mazumder MAR, Hongsprabhas P, Thottiam Vasudevan R. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of maillard reaction products using amino acids, modified proteins, vitamins, and genistein: A review. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13089. [PMID: 31680276 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Maillard reaction is known to result in loss of nutrients, particularly that of essential amino acids; decrease in digestibility and safety issues due to the development of toxic compounds. Maillard reaction products are also known to cause oxidation of tissues and inflammation, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The aim of this review is to present a detailed information about the role of foodborne constituents as antibrowning agents to significantly reduce the harmful compounds like advanced glycation end products (AGEs) during food processing. This review includes strategies involving addition of amino acids, aromatic compounds, vitamins, modification of amino acids, and reducing sugars as antibrowning agents to reduce the AGEs. The role of Food borne functional ingredients such as catechin, epicathechin, luteolin, and ferulic acids as inhibitors of AGEs is also discussed. Among the naturally occurring inhibitors, genistein could be a crucial and safe agent to reduce reactive intermediates. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Maillard reaction leads to changes in food color, protein functionality, protein digestibility, and loss of nutrient from foods. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) is also reported to be associated with various inflammatory conditions and may contribute to the progress of chronic diseases, including diabetes. It is hence necessary to reduce the MRPs, in both food and biological products, to offset this phenomenon. Among the strategies adopted till date, chemical agents could inhibit reactive carbonyl species and reactive oxygen species, but also are known to elicit serious side effects. Dietary flavonoids could be a very good inhibitor of MRPs both in biological and in food systems. It could be suggested that dietary flavonoids and isoflavones can be used as antibrowning agents in food and pharmaceutical industries particularly for targeted and sustained release of hypoglycemic drug in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anisur Rahman Mazumder
- Department of Food Processing Technology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.,Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Parichat Hongsprabhas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ranganathan Thottiam Vasudevan
- Department of Food Processing Technology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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Yu L, Chen Y, Xu Y, He T, Wei Y, He R. D-ribose is elevated in T1DM patients and can be involved in the onset of encephalopathy. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:4943-4969. [PMID: 31307014 PMCID: PMC6682534 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although many mechanisms have been proposed for diabetic encephalopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the risk factors for cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are less clear. Here, we show that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM rats showed cognitive impairment in both Y maze and Morris water maze assays, accompanied with D-ribose was significantly increased in blood and urine, in addition to D-glucose. Furthermore, advanced glycation end products (AGE), Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death in the hippocampal CA4/DG region were detected in T1DM rats. The expression and activity of transketolase (TKT), an important enzyme in the pentose shunt, were decreased in the brain, indicating that TKT may be involved in D-ribose metabolism in T1DM. Support for these change was demonstrated by the activation of TKT with benfotiamine (BTMP) treatment. Decreased D-ribose levels but not D-glucose levels; markedly reduced AGE accumulation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal death; and improved cognitive ability in T1DM rats were shown after BTMP administration. In clinical investigation, T1DM patients had high D-ribose levels in both urine and serum. Our work suggests that D-ribose is involved in the cognitive impairment in T1DM and may provide a potentially novel target for treating diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Abstract
The global epidemic of prediabetes and diabetes has led to a corresponding epidemic of complications of these disorders. The most prevalent complication is neuropathy, of which distal symmetric polyneuropathy (for the purpose of this Primer, referred to as diabetic neuropathy) is very common. Diabetic neuropathy is a loss of sensory function beginning distally in the lower extremities that is also characterized by pain and substantial morbidity. Over time, at least 50% of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic neuropathy. Glucose control effectively halts the progression of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but the effects are more modest in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings have led to new efforts to understand the aetiology of diabetic neuropathy, along with new 2017 recommendations on approaches to prevent and treat this disorder that are specific for each type of diabetes. In parallel, new guidelines for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy using distinct classes of drugs, with an emphasis on avoiding opioid use, have been issued. Although our understanding of the complexities of diabetic neuropathy has substantially evolved over the past decade, the distinct mechanisms underlying neuropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes remains unknown. Future discoveries on disease pathogenesis will be crucial to successfully address all aspects of diabetic neuropathy, from prevention to treatment.
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30
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Feldman EL, Callaghan BC, Pop-Busui R, Zochodne DW, Wright DE, Bennett DL, Bril V, Russell JW, Viswanathan V. Diabetic neuropathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:42. [PMID: 31197183 PMCID: PMC7096070 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of prediabetes and diabetes has led to a corresponding epidemic of complications of these disorders. The most prevalent complication is neuropathy, of which distal symmetric polyneuropathy (for the purpose of this Primer, referred to as diabetic neuropathy) is very common. Diabetic neuropathy is a loss of sensory function beginning distally in the lower extremities that is also characterized by pain and substantial morbidity. Over time, at least 50% of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic neuropathy. Glucose control effectively halts the progression of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but the effects are more modest in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings have led to new efforts to understand the aetiology of diabetic neuropathy, along with new 2017 recommendations on approaches to prevent and treat this disorder that are specific for each type of diabetes. In parallel, new guidelines for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy using distinct classes of drugs, with an emphasis on avoiding opioid use, have been issued. Although our understanding of the complexities of diabetic neuropathy has substantially evolved over the past decade, the distinct mechanisms underlying neuropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes remains unknown. Future discoveries on disease pathogenesis will be crucial to successfully address all aspects of diabetic neuropathy, from prevention to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,
| | | | - Rodica Pop-Busui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Douglas W. Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas E. Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vera Bril
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - James W. Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland and VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sinclair SH, Schwartz SS. Diabetic Retinopathy-An Underdiagnosed and Undertreated Inflammatory, Neuro-Vascular Complication of Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:843. [PMID: 31920963 PMCID: PMC6923675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a world-wide epidemic and diabetic retinopathy, a devastating, vision-threatening condition, is one of the most common diabetes-specific complications. Diabetic retinopathy is now recognized to be an inflammatory, neuro-vascular complication with neuronal injury/dysfunction preceding clinical microvascular damage. Importantly, the same pathophysiologic mechanisms that damage the pancreatic β-cell (e.g., inflammation, epigenetic changes, insulin resistance, fuel excess, and abnormal metabolic environment), also lead to cell and tissue damage causing organ dysfunction, elevating the risk of all complications, including diabetic retinopathy. Viewing diabetic retinopathy within the context whereby diabetes and all its complications arise from common pathophysiologic factors allows for the consideration of a wider array of potential ocular as well as systemic treatments for this common and devastating complication. Moreover, it also raises the importance of the need for methods that will provide more timely detection and prediction of the course in order to address early damage to the neurovascular unit prior to the clinical observation of microangiopathy. Currently, treatment success is limited as it is often initiated far too late and after significant neurodegeneration has occurred. This forward-thinking approach of earlier detection and treatment with a wider array of possible therapies broadens the physician's armamentarium and increases the opportunity for prevention and early treatment of diabetic retinopathy with preservation of good vision, as well the prevention of similar destructive processes occurring among other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H. Sinclair
- Sinclair Retina Associates, Media, PA, United States
- Main Line Health System, Media, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen H. Sinclair
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Biro A, Gál F, Hegedűs C, Batta G, Cziáky Z, Peitl B, Stündl L, Gyémánt G, Remenyik J. Isolation of allithiamine from Hungarian red sweet pepper seed ( Capsicum annuum L.). Heliyon 2018; 4:e00997. [PMID: 30582034 PMCID: PMC6288420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A natural fat-soluble thiamine derivative, namely N-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-N-[(2E)-5-hydroxy-3-(prop-2-en-1-yldisulfanyl)pent-2-en-2-yl]formamide (allithiamine) has been identified only in garlic (Allium sativum) until now. Hungarian red sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) was found as a new source of allithiamine. Extraction procedure and analytical method were developed for the isolation of allithiamine and a chemical synthesis of the compound was also developed. First solid-liquid extraction was performed with 96 % ethanol to isolate allithiamine from pepper seeds. Thereafter, solid phase extraction was applied from ethanolic extract using C18 cartridge to concentrate and purify samples for further analysis. The structure of the synthesized and the isolated compounds was verified by reverse phase HPLC, HPLC-MS, MALD-TOF MS and NMR. Furthermore, effect of allithiamine was investigated on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with neuropathy. The results show that neuropathic pain sensation is improved by allithiamine treatment similarly to benfothiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Biro
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gál
- Pro - Recovery Kft., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Barna Peitl
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - László Stündl
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Gyémánt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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33
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Tinson RA, Hughes DL, Ward L, Stephenson GR. Unusual Nucleophilic Addition of Grignard Reagents in the Synthesis of 4-Amino-pyrimidines. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8937-8944. [PMID: 31459026 PMCID: PMC6644423 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidines have always received considerable attention because of their importance in synthesis and elucidation of biochemical roles, in particular that of vitamin B1. Herein, we describe a reaction pathway in a Grignard reagent-based synthesis of substituted pyrimidines. A general synthesis of α-keto-2-methyl-4-amino pyrimidines and their C6-substituted analogues from 4-amino-5-cyano-2-methylpyrimidine is reported. The presence of the nitrile substituent in the starting material also results in an unusual reaction pathway leading to C6-substituted 1,2-dihydropyrimidines. Grignard reagents that give normal pyrimidine products under standard reaction conditions can be switched to give dihydropyrimidines by holding the reaction at 0 °C before quenching.
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Tapias V, Jainuddin S, Ahuja M, Stack C, Elipenahli C, Vignisse J, Gerges M, Starkova N, Xu H, Starkov AA, Bettendorff L, Hushpulian DM, Smirnova NA, Gazaryan IG, Kaidery NA, Wakade S, Calingasan NY, Thomas B, Gibson GE, Dumont M, Beal MF. Benfotiamine treatment activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway and is neuroprotective in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2874-2892. [PMID: 29860433 PMCID: PMC6077804 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism, decreased levels of thiamine and its phosphate esters, and reduced activity of thiamine-dependent enzymes, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and transketolase occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thiamine deficiency exacerbates amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress. Benfotiamine (BFT) rescued cognitive deficits and reduced Aβ burden in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 mice. In this study, we examined whether BFT confers neuroprotection against tau phosphorylation and the generation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the P301S mouse model of tauopathy. Chronic dietary treatment with BFT increased lifespan, improved behavior, reduced glycated tau, decreased NFTs and prevented death of motor neurons. BFT administration significantly ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuated oxidative damage and inflammation. We found that BFT and its metabolites (but not thiamine) trigger the expression of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent genes in mouse brain as well as in wild-type but not Nrf2-deficient fibroblasts. Active metabolites were more potent in activating the Nrf2 target genes than the parent molecule BFT. Docking studies showed that BFT and its metabolites (but not thiamine) bind to Keap1 with high affinity. These findings demonstrate that BFT activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway and is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases with tau pathology, such as AD, frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shari Jainuddin
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Cliona Stack
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ceyhan Elipenahli
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julie Vignisse
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Meri Gerges
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natalia Starkova
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Dmitry M Hushpulian
- D. Rogachev Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Veropharm, Abbott EPD, 115088 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A Smirnova
- D. Rogachev Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina G Gazaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
- Department of Enzymology, School of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Navneet A Kaidery
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sushama Wakade
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Noel Y Calingasan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Magali Dumont
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Flint Beal
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Etchegoyen M, Nobile MH, Baez F, Posesorski B, González J, Lago N, Milei J, Otero-Losada M. Metabolic Syndrome and Neuroprotection. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:196. [PMID: 29731703 PMCID: PMC5919958 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Over the years the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has drastically increased in developing countries as a major byproduct of industrialization. Many factors, such as the consumption of high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle, bolster the spread of this disorder. Undoubtedly, the massive and still increasing incidence of MetS places this epidemic as an important public health issue. Hereon we revisit another outlook of MetS beyond its classical association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2), for MetS also poses a risk factor for the nervous tissue and threatens neuronal function. First, we revise a few essential concepts of MetS pathophysiology. Second, we explore some neuroprotective approaches in MetS pertaining brain hypoxia. The articles chosen for this review range from the years 1989 until 2017; the selection criteria was based on those providing data and exploratory information on MetS as well as those that studied innovative therapeutic approaches. Pathophysiology: The characteristically impaired metabolic pathways of MetS lead to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and hypoxia, all closely associated with an overall pro-oxidative status. Oxidative stress is well-known to cause the wreckage of cellular structures and tissue architecture. Alteration of the redox homeostasis and oxidative stress alter the macromolecular array of DNA, lipids, and proteins, in turn disrupting the biochemical pathways necessary for normal cell function. Neuroprotection: Different neuroprotective strategies are discussed involving lifestyle changes, medication aimed to mitigate MetS cardinal symptoms, and treatments targeted toward reducing oxidative stress. It is well-known that the routine practice of physical exercise, aerobic activity in particular, and a complete and well-balanced nutrition are key factors to prevent MetS. Nevertheless, pharmacological control of MetS as a whole and pertaining hypertension, dyslipidemia, and endothelial injury contribute to neuronal health improvement. Conclusion: The development of MetS has risen as a risk factor for neurological disorders. The therapeutic strategies include multidisciplinary approaches directed to address different pathological pathways all in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Etchegoyen
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana H Nobile
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Baez
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara Posesorski
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julian González
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor Lago
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Milei
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Serhiyenko VA, Serhiyenko AA. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. World J Diabetes 2018; 9:1-24. [PMID: 29359025 PMCID: PMC5763036 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is strongly associated with approximately five-fold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. CAN manifests in a spectrum of things, ranging from resting tachycardia and fixed heart rate (HR) to development of "silent" myocardial infarction. Clinical correlates or risk markers for CAN are age, DM duration, glycemic control, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (DLP), development of other microvascular complications. Established risk factors for CAN are poor glycemic control in type 1 DM and a combination of hypertension, DLP, obesity, and unsatisfactory glycemic control in type 2 DM. Symptomatic manifestations of CAN include sinus tachycardia, exercise intolerance, orthostatic hypotension (OH), abnormal blood pressure (BP) regulation, dizziness, presyncope and syncope, intraoperative cardiovascular instability, asymptomatic myocardial ischemia and infarction. Methods of CAN assessment in clinical practice include assessment of symptoms and signs, cardiovascular reflex tests based on HR and BP, short-term electrocardiography (ECG), QT interval prolongation, HR variability (24 h, classic 24 h Holter ECG), ambulatory BP monitoring, HR turbulence, baroreflex sensitivity, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, catecholamine assessment and cardiovascular sympathetic tests, heart sympathetic imaging. Although it is common complication, the significance of CAN has not been fully appreciated and there are no unified treatment algorithms for today. Treatment is based on early diagnosis, life style changes, optimization of glycemic control and management of cardiovascular risk factors. Pathogenetic treatment of CAN includes: Balanced diet and physical activity; optimization of glycemic control; treatment of DLP; antioxidants, first of all α-lipoic acid (ALA), aldose reductase inhibitors, acetyl-L-carnitine; vitamins, first of all fat-soluble vitamin B1; correction of vascular endothelial dysfunction; prevention and treatment of thrombosis; in severe cases-treatment of OH. The promising methods include prescription of prostacyclin analogues, thromboxane A2 blockers and drugs that contribute into strengthening and/or normalization of Na+, K+-ATPase (phosphodiesterase inhibitor), ALA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), and the simultaneous prescription of ALA, ω-3 PUFAs and DGLA, but the future investigations are needed. Development of OH is associated with severe or advanced CAN and prescription of nonpharmacological and pharmacological, in the foreground midodrine and fludrocortisone acetate, treatment methods are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Serhiyenko
- Department of Endocrinology, Lviv National Medical University Named by Danylo Halitsky, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Alexandr A Serhiyenko
- Department of Endocrinology, Lviv National Medical University Named by Danylo Halitsky, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
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Vignisse J, Sambon M, Gorlova A, Pavlov D, Caron N, Malgrange B, Shevtsova E, Svistunov A, Anthony DC, Markova N, Bazhenova N, Coumans B, Lakaye B, Wins P, Strekalova T, Bettendorff L. Thiamine and benfotiamine prevent stress-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice exposed to predation without affecting brain thiamine diphosphate levels. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:126-136. [PMID: 28506637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is essential for normal brain function and its deficiency causes metabolic impairment, specific lesions, oxidative damage and reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Thiamine precursors with increased bioavailability, especially benfotiamine, exert neuroprotective effects not only for thiamine deficiency (TD), but also in mouse models of neurodegeneration. As it is known that AHN is impaired by stress in rodents, we exposed C57BL6/J mice to predator stress for 5 consecutive nights and studied the proliferation (number of Ki67-positive cells) and survival (number of BrdU-positive cells) of newborn immature neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. In stressed mice, the number of Ki67- and BrdU-positive cells was reduced compared to non-stressed animals. This reduction was prevented when the mice were treated (200mg/kg/day in drinking water for 20days) with thiamine or benfotiamine, that were recently found to prevent stress-induced behavioral changes and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) upregulation in the CNS. Moreover, we show that thiamine and benfotiamine counteract stress-induced bodyweight loss and suppress stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Both treatments induced a modest increase in the brain content of free thiamine while the level of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) remained unchanged, suggesting that the beneficial effects observed are not linked to the role of this coenzyme in energy metabolism. Predator stress increased hippocampal protein carbonylation, an indicator of oxidative stress. This effect was antagonized by both thiamine and benfotiamine. Moreover, using cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells, we show that in particular benfotiamine protects against paraquat-induced oxidative stress. We therefore hypothesize that thiamine compounds may act by boosting anti-oxidant cellular defenses, by a mechanism that still remains to be unveiled. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that thiamine and benfotiamine prevent stress-induced inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis and accompanying physiological changes. The present data suggest that thiamine precursors with high bioavailability might be useful as a complementary therapy in several neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Gorlova
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Pavlov
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolas Caron
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Elena Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Svistunov
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalyia Markova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125 315, Russia; Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natalyia Bazhenova
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125 315, Russia; Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pierre Wins
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Markova N, Bazhenova N, Anthony DC, Vignisse J, Svistunov A, Lesch KP, Bettendorff L, Strekalova T. Thiamine and benfotiamine improve cognition and ameliorate GSK-3β-associated stress-induced behaviours in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:148-156. [PMID: 27825907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in the brain has been implicated in the development of dementia and symptoms of depression. Indirect evidence suggests that thiamine may contribute to these pathologies by controlling the activities of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β. While decreased GSK-3β activity appears to impair memory, increased GSK-3β activity is associated with the distressed/depressed state. However, hitherto direct evidence for the effects of thiamine on GSK-3β function has not been reported. Here, we administered thiamine or, the more bioavailable precursor, benfotiamine at 200mg/kg/day for 2weeks to C57BL/6J mice, to determine whether treatment might affect behaviours that are known to be sensitive to GSK-3β activity and whether such administration impacts on GSK-3β expression within the brain. The mice were tested in models of contextual conditioning and extinction, a 5-day rat exposure stress test, and a modified swim test with repeated testing. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (7.5mg/kg/day), was administered as a positive control for the effects of thiamine or benfotiamine. As for imipramine, both compounds inhibited the upregulation of GSK-3β induced by predator stress or repeated swimming, and reduced floating scores and the predator stress-induced behavioural changes in anxiety and exploration. Coincident, thiamine and benfotiamine improved learning and extinction of contextual fear, and the acquisition of the step-down avoidance task. Our data indicate that thiamine and benfotiamine have antidepressant/anti-stress effects in naïve animals that are associated with reduced GSK-3β expression and conditioning of adverse memories. Thus thiamine and benfotiamine may modulate GSK-3β functions in a manner that is dependent on whether the contextual conditioning is adaptive or maladaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Markova
- EURON - European Graduate School for Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnii proezd, 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiiskaya str, 8, Moscow 125315, Russia; I.M.Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliia Bazhenova
- EURON - European Graduate School for Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiiskaya str, 8, Moscow 125315, Russia; I.M.Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, OX1 3QT Oxford, UK.
| | - Julie Vignisse
- EURON - European Graduate School for Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands; GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- EURON - European Graduate School for Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands; I.M.Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- EURON - European Graduate School for Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands; GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- EURON - European Graduate School for Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, NL 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands; I.M.Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Long-Term Cognitive Improvement After Benfotiamine Administration in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:591-596. [PMID: 27696179 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, we still lack disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that long-term administration of benfotiamine improved the cognitive ability of patients with AD. Five patients with mild to moderate AD received oral benfotiamine (300 mg daily) over 18 months. All patients were examined by positron emission tomography with Pittsburgh compound B (PiB-PET) and exhibited positive imaging with β-amyloid deposition, and three received PiB-PET imaging at follow-up. The five patients exhibited cognitive improvement as assayed by the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) with an average increase of 3.2 points at month 18 of benfotiamine administration. The three patients who received follow-up PiB-PET had a 36.7% increase in the average standardized uptake value ratio in the brain compared with that in the first scan. Importantly, the MMSE scores of these three had an average increase of 3 points during the same period. Benfotiamine significantly improved the cognitive abilities of mild to moderate AD patients independently of brain amyloid accumulation. Our study provides new insight to the development of disease-modifying therapy.
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Thiamine Deficiency and Neurodegeneration: the Interplay Among Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5440-5448. [PMID: 27596507 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient and indispensable for normal growth and development of the organism due to its multilateral participation in key biochemical and physiological processes. Humans must obtain thiamine from their diet since it is synthesized only in bacteria, fungi, and plants. Thiamine deficiency (TD) can result from inadequate intake, increased requirement, excessive deletion, and chronic alcohol consumption. TD affects multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular, muscular, gastrointestinal, and central and peripheral nervous systems. In the brain, TD causes a cascade of events including mild impairment of oxidative metabolism, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, which are commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Thiamine metabolites may serve as promising biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, and thiamine supplementations exhibit therapeutic potential for patients of some neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental TD has been used to model aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. However, to date, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TD-induced neurodegeneration are not clear. Recent research evidence indicates that TD causes oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy in the brain, which are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress, ER stress, and autophagy in TD-mediated neurodegeneration. We propose that it is the interplay of oxidative stress, ER stress, and autophagy that contributes to TD-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Sugawa H, Ohno RI, Shirakawa JI, Nakajima A, Kanagawa A, Hirata T, Ikeda T, Moroishi N, Nagai M, Nagai R. Eucommia ulmoides extracts prevent the formation of advanced glycation end products. Food Funct 2016; 7:2566-73. [PMID: 27080730 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01563d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins non-enzymatically react with reducing sugars to form advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), resulting in the induction of protein denaturation. Because the levels of AGE increase with age and are elevated in age-related diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, the intake of compound(s) that inhibit the formation of AGEs by daily meal may represent a potential strategy for preventing age-related diseases. In this study, we measured the inhibitory effects of several Eucommia ulmoides extracts on the formation of AGEs, N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and N(ω)-(carboxymethyl)arginine (CMA). Although a crude extract obtained from E. ulmoides bark is widely used as herbal medicine, E. ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) inhibited CML and CMA formation more effectively during the incubation of gelatin with ribose. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of compounds present in ELE on CML and CMA formation were studied. As a result, isoquercetin showed the strongest inhibitory effect of all the tested ELE components. These results indicate that the oral intake of ELE may inhibit the formation of AGEs, thereby ameliorating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Japan.
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Bozic I, Savic D, Stevanovic I, Pekovic S, Nedeljkovic N, Lavrnja I. Benfotiamine upregulates antioxidative system in activated BV-2 microglia cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:351. [PMID: 26388737 PMCID: PMC4559599 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic microglial activation and resulting sustained neuroinflammatory reaction are generally associated with neurodegeneration. Activated microglia acquires proinflammatory cellular profile that generates oxidative burst. Their persistent activation exacerbates inflammation, which damages healthy neurons via cytotoxic mediators, such as superoxide radical anion and nitric oxide. In our recent study, we have shown that benfotiamine (S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) possesses anti-inflammatory effects. Here, the effects of benfotiamine on the pro-oxidative component of activity of LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells were investigated. The activation of microglia was accompanied by upregulation of intracellular antioxidative defense, which was further promoted in the presence of benfotiamine. Namely, activated microglia exposed to non-cytotoxic doses of benfotiamine showed increased levels and activities of hydrogen peroxide- and superoxide-removing enzymes-catalase and glutathione system, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, benfotiamine showed the capacity to directly scavenge superoxide radical anion. As a consequence, benfotiamine suppressed the activation of microglia and provoked a decrease in NO and (·)O(-) 2 production and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, benfotiamine might silence pro-oxidative activity of microglia to alleviate/prevent oxidative damage of neighboring CNS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Pekovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
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Dakshinamurti K. Vitamins and their derivatives in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome diseases (diabetes),. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:355-62. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A cluster of inter-related conditions such as central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, and hypertension is referred to as Metabolic Syndrome, which is a risk factor for the development of type-2 diabetes. The micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes contribute to its morbidity and mortality. In addition to its calcitropic effect, vitamin D is a regulator of gene expression as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Various cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies have indicated a beneficial effect from vitamin D supplementation on the development of type-2 diabetes. Binding of retinol-bound retinol-binding protein to a membrane-binding protein suppresses insulin signaling. All-trans retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, reverses these effects, resulting in increased insulin sensitivity, suppression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) gene, and the induction of the glucokinase gene. Glucokinase and PEPCK are also regulated in opposite directions by the vitamin biotin, acting at the transcriptional level. Biotin also regulates the synthesis of insulin by the islet of Langerhans cells of the pancreas. The increase in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is implicated in the initiation and progression of diabetes-associated microvascular diseases. Benfotiamine, a derivative of thiamine, and pyridoxamine, a vitamer of vitamin B6, both have anti-AGE properties, making them valuable therapeutic adjuvants in the treatment of diabetic complications. Thus, various vitamins and their derivatives have profound therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Toth-Manikowski S, Atta MG. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:697010. [PMID: 26064987 PMCID: PMC4430644 DOI: 10.1155/2015/697010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic that has led to a rise in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Over the past two decades, there has been significant clarification of the various pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DKD. Nonetheless, very little has changed in the way clinicians manage patients with this disorder. Indeed, treatment is primarily centered on controlling hyperglycemia and hypertension and inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of how the hemodynamic, metabolic, inflammatory, and alternative pathways are all entangled in pathogenesis of DKD and detail the various therapeutic targets that may one day play a role in quelling this epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Toth-Manikowski
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohamed G. Atta
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 E. Monument Street, Suite 416, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Sugimori N, Espinoza JL, Trung LQ, Takami A, Kondo Y, An DT, Sasaki M, Wakayama T, Nakao S. Paraptosis cell death induction by the thiamine analog benfotiamine in leukemia cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120709. [PMID: 25849583 PMCID: PMC4388699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Benfotiamine is a synthetic thiamine analogue that stimulates transketolase, a cellular enzyme essential for glucose metabolism. Currently, benfotiamine is used to treat diabetic neuropathy. We recently reported that oral benfotiamine induced a temporary but remarkable recovery from acute myeloid leukemia in an elderly patient who was ineligible for standard chemotherapy due to dementia and renal failure. In the present study we present evidences that benfotiamine possess antitumor activity against leukemia cells. In a panel of nine myeloid leukemia cell lines benfotiamine impaired the viability of HL-60, NB4, K562 and KG1 cells and also inhibited the growing of primary leukemic blasts. The antitumor activity of benfotiamine is not mediated by apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy, but rather occurs though paraptosis cell death induction. Mechanistic studies revealed that benfotiamine inhibited the activity of constitutively active ERK1/2 and concomitantly increased the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 kinase in leukemic cells. In addition, benfotiamine induced the down regulation of the cell cycle regulator CDK3 which resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest in the sensitive leukemic cells. Moreover, combination index studies showed that benfotiamine enhanced the antiproliferative activities of cytarabine against leukemia cells. These findings suggest that benfotiamine has antitumor therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sugimori
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Takaramachi 13–1, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - J. Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Takaramachi 13–1, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ly Quoc Trung
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Takaramachi 13–1, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Takaramachi 13–1, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yukio Kondo
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Takaramachi 13–1, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dao Thi An
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Takaramachi 13–1, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Motoko Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakao
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Takaramachi 13–1, Kanazawa, Japan
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Oyenihi AB, Ayeleso AO, Mukwevho E, Masola B. Antioxidant strategies in the management of diabetic neuropathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:515042. [PMID: 25821809 PMCID: PMC4363503 DOI: 10.1155/2015/515042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia (an abnormally high glucose concentration in the blood) resulting from defects in insulin secretion/action, or both, is the major hallmark of diabetes in which it is known to be involved in the progression of the condition to different complications that include diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy (diabetes-induced nerve damage) is the most common diabetic complication and can be devastating because it can lead to disability. There is an increasing body of evidence associating diabetic neuropathy with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results from the production of oxygen free radicals in the body in excess of its ability to eliminate them by antioxidant activity. Antioxidants have different mechanisms and sites of actions by which they exert their biochemical effects and ameliorate nerve dysfunction in diabetes by acting directly against oxidative damage. This review will examine different strategies for managing diabetic neuropathy which rely on exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Babatunde Oyenihi
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, University Road, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ademola Olabode Ayeleso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2002, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Mukwevho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2002, South Africa
| | - Bubuya Masola
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, University Road, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Bozic I, Savic D, Laketa D, Bjelobaba I, Milenkovic I, Pekovic S, Nedeljkovic N, Lavrnja I. Benfotiamine attenuates inflammatory response in LPS stimulated BV-2 microglia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118372. [PMID: 25695433 PMCID: PMC4335016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), recognized as key elements in the regulation of neural homeostasis and the response to injury and repair. As excessive activation of microglia may lead to neurodegeneration, therapeutic strategies targeting its inhibition were shown to improve treatment of most neurodegenerative diseases. Benfotiamine is a synthetic vitamin B1 (thiamine) derivate exerting potentially anti-inflammatory effects. Despite the encouraging results regarding benfotiamine potential to alleviate diabetic microangiopathy, neuropathy and other oxidative stress-induced pathological conditions, its activities and cellular mechanisms during microglial activation have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of benfotiamine were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV-2 microglia. We determined that benfotiamine remodels activated microglia to acquire the shape that is characteristic of non-stimulated BV-2 cells. In addition, benfotiamine significantly decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70), tumor necrosis factor alpha α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas it increased anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in LPS stimulated BV-2 microglia. Moreover, benfotiamine suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and protein kinase B Akt/PKB. Treatment with specific inhibitors revealed that benfotiamine-mediated suppression of NO production was via JNK1/2 and Akt pathway, while the cytokine suppression includes ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and Akt pathways. Finally, the potentially protective effect is mediated by the suppression of translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the nucleus. Therefore, benfotiamine may have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and enhancing anti-inflammatory factor production in activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Bozic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Laketa
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Pekovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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48
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Prevention of protein glycation by natural compounds. Molecules 2015; 20:3309-34. [PMID: 25690291 PMCID: PMC6272653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic protein glycosylation (glycation) contributes to many diseases and aging of organisms. It can be expected that inhibition of glycation may prolong the lifespan. The search for inhibitors of glycation, mainly using in vitro models, has identified natural compounds able to prevent glycation, especially polyphenols and other natural antioxidants. Extrapolation of results of in vitro studies on the in vivo situation is not straightforward due to differences in the conditions and mechanism of glycation, and bioavailability problems. Nevertheless, available data allow to postulate that enrichment of diet in natural anti-glycating agents may attenuate glycation and, in consequence, ageing.
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49
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Hu H, Jiang H, Ren H, Hu X, Wang X, Han C. AGEs and chronic subclinical inflammation in diabetes: disorders of immune system. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:127-37. [PMID: 24846076 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic subclinical inflammation represents a risk factor of type 2 diabetes and several diabetes complications, including neuropathy and atherosclerosis including macro-vasculopathy and micro-vasculopathy. However, the inflammatory response in the diabetic wound was shown to be remarkably hypocellular, unregulated and ineffective. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and one of its receptors, RAGE, were involved in inducing chronic immune imbalance in diabetic patients. Such interactions attracts immune cell into diffused glycated tissue and activates these cells to induce inflammatory damage, but disturbs the normal immune rhythm in diabetic wound. Traditional measurements of AGEs are high-performance liquid chromatography and immunohistochemistry staining, but their application faces the limitations including complexity, cost and lack of reproducibility. A new noninvasive method emerged in 2004, using skin autofluorescence as indicator for AGEs accumulation. It had been reported to be informative in evaluating the chronic risk of diabetic patients. Studies have indicated therapeutic potentials of anti-AGE recipes. These recipes can reduce AGE absorption/de novo formation, block AGE-RAGE interaction and arrest downstream signaling after RAGE activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, PR China
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50
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Gugliucci A, Menini T. The axis AGE-RAGE-soluble RAGE and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 824:191-208. [PMID: 25039001 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to be associated with high oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease. In this chapter our focus will be on the role of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptor, RAGE in CKD progression and their role on cardiovascular complications. We provide a succinct, yet comprehensive summary of the current knowledge, the challenges and the future therapeutic avenues that are stemming out from novel recent findings. We first briefly review glycation and AGE formation and the role of the kidney in their metabolism. Next, we focus on the RAGE, its signaling and role in oxidative stress. We address the possible role of soluble RAGEs as decoys and the controversy regarding this issue. We then provide the latest information on the specific role of both AGE and RAGE in inflammation and perpetuation of kidney damage in diabetes and in CKD without diabetes, which is the main purpose of the review. Finally, we offer an update on new avenues to target the AGE-RAGE axis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University-California, 1310 Club Drive, 94592, Vallejo, CA, USA,
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