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Wang X, Shi M, Cao C, Zeng R, Yao Y. Effects of live and pasteurized forms of Lactobacillus casei Zhang on acute kidney injury and chronic renal fibrosis. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01491-y. [PMID: 39222221 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei Zhang (Lac.z), isolated from traditional sour horse milk in Inner Mongolia, can alleviate various diseases and promote health. Our previous studies found that pretreatment with live Lac.z (L-Lac.z) could significantly attenuate acute kidney injury and delay the progression of chronic renal fibrosis. However, it is unknown whether these effects could be maintained by pasteurized Lac.z (P-Lac.z). Mouse models of acute kidney injury and chronic renal fibrosis induced by renal bilateral ischemia-reperfusion (BIR) surgery were treated with L-Lac.z or P-Lac.z by gavage. Serum and kidney samples were collected to analyze the extent of renal injury and fibrosis, and proteomics was used to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the differences in the effects of the two forms of Lac.z. The results revealed that treatment with L-Lac.z led to a reduction in serum urea nitrogen levels and in less renal tubular injury and subsequent renal fibrosis after BIR-induced renal injury, whereas these effects were not observed in the P-Lac.z group. Proteomic analysis revealed 19 up-regulated proteins and 39 down-regulated proteins in the P-Lac.z group, and these gene products were associated with growth and stress resistance. The specific nephroprotective effects of L-Lac.z may be independent of the interaction of live probiotics with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengxia Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chujin Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Division of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Majumder S, Pushpakumar SB, Almarshood H, Ouseph R, Gondim DD, Jala VR, Sen U. Toll-like receptor 4 mutation mitigates gut microbiota-mediated hypertensive kidney injury. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107303. [PMID: 39002869 PMCID: PMC11287947 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension-associated dysbiosis is linked to several clinical complications, including inflammation and possible kidney dysfunction. Inflammation and TLR4 activation during hypertension result from gut dysbiosis-related impairment of intestinal integrity. However, the contribution of TLR4 in kidney dysfunction during hypertension-induced gut dysbiosis is unclear. We designed this study to address this knowledge gap by utilizing TLR4 normal (TLR4N) and TLR4 mutant (TLR4M) mice. These mice were infused with high doses of Angiotensin-II for four weeks to induce hypertension. Results suggest that Ang-II significantly increased renal arterial resistive index (RI), decreased renal vascularity, and renal function (GFR) in TLR4N mice compared to TLR4M. 16 S rRNA sequencing analysis of gut microbiome revealed that Ang-II-induced hypertension resulted in alteration of Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut of both TLR4N and TLR4M mice; however, it was not comparably rather differentially. Additionally, Ang-II-hypertension decreased the expression of tight junction proteins and increased gut permeability, which were more prominent in TLR4N mice than in TLR4M mice. Concomitant with gut hyperpermeability, an increased bacterial component translocation to the kidney was observed in TLR4N mice treated with Ang-II compared to TLR4N plus saline. Interestingly, microbiota translocation was mitigated in Ang-II-hypertensive TLR4M mice. Furthermore, Ang-II altered the expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory IL-10) markers, and extracellular matrix proteins, including MMP-2, -9, -14, and TIMP-2 in the kidney of TLR4N mice, which were blunted in TLR4M mice. Our data demonstrate that ablation of TLR4 attenuates hypertension-induced gut dysbiosis resulting in preventing gut hyperpermeability, bacterial translocation, mitigation of renal inflammation and alleviation of kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sathnur B Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Hebah Almarshood
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Rosemary Ouseph
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dibson D Gondim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.
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Xu H, Luo Y, Li Q, Zhu H. Acupuncture influences multiple diseases by regulating gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371543. [PMID: 39040602 PMCID: PMC11260648 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture, an important green and side effect-free therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, is widely use both domestically and internationally. Acupuncture can interact with the gut microbiota and influence various diseases, including metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, mental disorders, nervous system diseases, and other diseases. This review presents a thorough analysis of these interactions and their impacts and examines the alterations in the gut microbiota and the potential clinical outcomes following acupuncture intervention to establish a basis for the future utilization of acupuncture in clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzhe Luo
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaoqi Li
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li K, Wang S, Qu W, Ahmed AA, Enneb W, Obeidat MD, Liu HY, Dessie T, Kim IH, Adam SY, Cai D. Natural products for Gut-X axis: pharmacology, toxicology and microbiology in mycotoxin-caused diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419844. [PMID: 38978980 PMCID: PMC11228701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is integral to defending against external contaminants, featuring a complex array of immunological, physical, chemical, and microbial barriers. Mycotoxins, which are toxic metabolites from fungi, are pervasive in both animal feed and human food, presenting substantial health risks. Methods: This review examines the pharmacological, toxicological, and microbiological impacts of natural products on mycotoxicosis, with a particular focus on the gut-x axis. The analysis synthesizes current understanding and explores the role of natural products rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Results: The review highlights that mycotoxins can disrupt intestinal integrity, alter inflammatory responses, damage the mucus layer, and disturb the bacterial balance. The toxins' effects are extensive, potentially harming the immune system, liver, kidneys, and skin, and are associated with serious conditions such as cancer, hormonal changes, genetic mutations, bleeding, birth defects, and neurological issues. Natural products have shown potential anticancer, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitoxic properties. Discussion: The review underscores the emerging therapeutic strategy of targeting gut microbial modulation. It identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen our understanding of natural products' role in gut-x axis health and to mitigate the global health impact of mycotoxin-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wuyi Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wael Enneb
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Diya’ Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saber Y. Adam
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Liu S, Li F, Cai Y, Ren L, Sun L, Gang X, Wang G. Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Veillonella: emerging protectors against Graves' disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1288222. [PMID: 38404289 PMCID: PMC10884117 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1288222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, and its pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. Numerous studies have implicated the gut microbiota in the development of thyroid disorders. This study employs Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in GD patients, aiming to offer novel insights into the etiology and treatment of Graves' disease. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to assess the causal relationship between Graves' disease and the gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota data were sourced from the international consortium MiBioGen, while Graves' disease data were obtained from FINNGEN. Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Multiple analysis methods, including inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-RAPS, were utilized. Sensitivity analyses were conducted employing MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis as quality control measures. Results The Mendelian randomization study conducted in a European population revealed a decreased risk of Graves' disease associated with Bacteroidaceae (Odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.89 [0.89 ~ 0.90], adjusted P value: <0.001), Bacteroides (OR: [95% CI]: 0.555 [0.437 ~ 0.706], adjusted P value: <0.001), and Veillonella (OR [95% CI]: 0.632 [0.492 ~ 0.811], adjusted P value: 0.016). No significant evidence of heterogeneity, or horizontal pleiotropy was detected. Furthermore, the preliminary MR analysis identified 13 bacterial species including Eubacterium brachy group and Family XIII AD3011 group, exhibiting significant associations with Graves' disease onset, suggesting potential causal effects. Conclusion A causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and Graves' disease. Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Veillonella emerge as protective factors against Graves' disease development. Prospective probiotic supplementation may offer a novel avenue for adjunctive treatment in the management of Graves' disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
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Shi R, Huang C, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang C, Li M. Gut microbiota axis: potential target of phytochemicals from plant-based foods. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Kim KR, Kim SM, Kim JH. A pilot study of alterations of the gut microbiome in canine chronic kidney disease. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1241215. [PMID: 37691637 PMCID: PMC10484476 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1241215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut dysbiosis has been noted in humans and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little is known about the gut microbiome in canine patients with CKD. This study aimed to analyze and compare the gut microbiome profiles of healthy and CKD dogs, including differences in the gut microbiome between each CKD stage. Methods The study was conducted on 29 client-owned dogs who underwent physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, and urinalysis. The gut microbiome profile of healthy dogs (n = 10) and dogs with CKD (n = 19) was analyzed employing 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Significant differences were seen in the composition of the gut microbiome, with increased operational taxonomic units from the phylum Proteobacteria (p = 0.035), family Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001), and genus Enterococcus (p = 0.002) in dogs with CKD, and a decrease in the genus Ruminococcus (p = 0.007). Furthermore, an increase in both the progression of CKD and abundance of genus Klebsiella (Jonckheere-Terpstra test statistic value (JT) = 2.852, p = 0.004) and Clostridium (JT = 2.018, p = 0.044) was observed. Discussion Our study demonstrated that in dogs with CKD, the composition of the gut microbiome varied depending on the stage of CKD. Alterations in gut microbiome composition observed in CKD patients are characterized by an increase in proteolytic bacteria and a decrease in saccharolytic bacteria. These findings suggest specific gut microbiota could be targeted for clinical management of uremic dogs with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ryung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Kidney disease is associated with adverse consequences in many organs beyond the kidney, including the heart, lungs, brain, and intestines. The kidney-intestinal cross talk involves intestinal epithelial damage, dysbiosis, and generation of uremic toxins. Recent studies reveal that kidney injury expands the intestinal lymphatics, increases lymphatic flow, and alters the composition of mesenteric lymph. The intestinal lymphatics, like blood vessels, are a route for transporting potentially harmful substances generated by the intestines. The lymphatic architecture and actions are uniquely suited to take up and transport large macromolecules, functions that differentiate them from blood vessels, allowing them to play a distinct role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we focus on the mechanisms by which kidney diseases result in deleterious changes in intestinal lymphatics and consider a novel paradigm of a vicious cycle of detrimental organ cross talk. This concept involves kidney injury-induced modulation of intestinal lymphatics that promotes production and distribution of harmful factors, which in turn contributes to disease progression in distant organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.K.)
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine (A.B.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Elaine L Shelton
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics (J.Z., H.-C.Y., A.B.F., E.L.S., V.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Das S, Gnanasambandan R. Intestinal microbiome diversity of diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease: Current status and future perspective. Life Sci 2023; 316:121414. [PMID: 36682521 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of the health burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is caused by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes which leads to morbidity and mortality globally. It is one of the most common diabetic complications characterized by loss of renal function with high prevalence, often leading to acute kidney disease (AKD). Inflammation triggered by gut microbiota is commonly associated with the development of DKD. Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host are correlated in maintaining metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the fundamental processes through which the gut microbiota affects the onset and progression of DKD are mainly unknown. In this narrative review, we summarised the potential role of the gut microbiome, their pathogenicity between diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and their impact on host immunity. A well-established association has already been seen between gut microbiota, diabetes and kidney disease. The gut-kidney interrelationship is confirmed by mounting evidence linking gut dysbiosis to DKD, however, it is still unclear what is the real cause of gut dysbiosis, the development of DKD, and its progression. In addition, we also try to distinguish novel biomarkers for early detection of DKD and the possible therapies that can be used to regulate the gut microbiota and improve the host immune response. This early detection and new therapies will help clinicians for better management of the disease and help improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ramanathan Gnanasambandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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Martín Giménez VM, Rukavina Mikusic NL, Lee HJ, García Menéndez S, Choi MR, Manucha W. Physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension associated with gut dysbiosis and the effect of nutritional/pharmacological interventions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115213. [PMID: 35985404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota dysbiosis represents a triggering factor for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. In addition to the harmful impact caused by hypertension on different target organs, gut dysbiosis is capable of causing direct damage to critical organs such as the brain, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. In this sense, it should be noted that pharmacological and nutritional interventions may influence gut microbiota composition, either inducing or preventing the development of hypertension. Some of the most important nutritional interventions at this level are represented by pro-, pre-, post- and/or syn-biotics, as well as polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3, polyphenols and fiber contained in different foods. Meanwhile, certain natural and synthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients, including antibiotics, antihypertensive and immunosuppressive drugs, vegetable extracts and vitamins, may also have a key role in the modulation of both gut microbiota and cardiovascular health. Additionally, gut microbiota may influence drugs and food-derived bioactive compounds metabolism, positively or negatively affecting their biological behavior facing established hypertension. The understanding of the complex interactions between gut microbiome and drug/food response results of great importance to developing improved pharmacological therapies for hypertension prevention and treatment. The purpose of this review is to critically outline the most relevant and recent findings on cardiovascular, renal and brain physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension associated with changes in gut microbiota, besides the nutritional and pharmacological interventions potentially valuable for the prevention and treatment of this prevalent pathology. Finally, harmful food/drug interventions on gut microbiota are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | - Natalia Lucía Rukavina Mikusic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hyun Jin Lee
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián García Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IMBECU-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IMBECU-CONICET), Argentina.
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11
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Tan J, Chen M, Wang Y, Tang Y, Qin W. Emerging trends and focus for the link between the gastrointestinal microbiome and kidney disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:946138. [PMID: 36046740 PMCID: PMC9420905 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.946138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical value of the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiome imbalance and its corresponding interventions with kidney disease is emerging. This study describes the hotspots and evolution of gastrointestinal microbiome and kidney disease research over the past three decades by scientific collaboration networks and finally predicts future trends in the field through bibliometric analysis and visualization studies. CiteSpace was used to explore the original articles from January 1990 to August 2021 to visualize the knowledge network of journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in this field. Publications were extracted from Web of Science Core Collection database using the terms “gastrointestinal microbiome” and “kidney disease” (and their synonyms in MeSH). A total of 2145 publications with 93880 references in 102 journals were included in the analyses. The number of studies combining gastrointestinal microbiomes with kidney diseases has increased significantly over the past two decades. The United States is the leading country in the number of documents, and the leading institution is the Cleveland Clinic. The most landmark articles in the field are on chronic renal failure, L-Carnitin, and cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of uremia toxin is an emerging trend in gastrointestinal microbiomes and kidney diseases. In addition, probiotic or synbiotic supplements have strong clinical value in adjusting abnormal intestinal symbiotic environments. This study demonstrates a growing understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and kidney disease over time. Using microbial supplements to improve the living conditions of kidney disease patients is a promising and hot research focus. Based on publications extracted from the database, this study may provide clinicians and researchers with valuable information to identify potential collaborators and partner institutions and better predict their dynamic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Chen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Tang, ; Wei Qin,
| | - Wei Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Tang, ; Wei Qin,
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12
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Vijay A, Valdes AM. Role of the gut microbiome in chronic diseases: a narrative review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:489-501. [PMID: 34584224 PMCID: PMC8477631 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Vijay
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Zhang L, Zhang TJ, Li Y, Xiong WJ. Shenqi Yanshen Formula (SQYSF) protects against chronic kidney disease by modulating gut microbiota. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5625-5637. [PMID: 35184655 PMCID: PMC8974014 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2023789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we make an elucidation toward both the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of Shenqi Yanshen Formula (SQYSF) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD mouse model was established and achieved in a way of adenine (200 mg/kg) perfusion. Six weeks later, those mice in the model group were fed with SQYSF (3.60 g/kg/day) every day (the captopril group was given 12.5 mg/kg/day by gavage every day, and control group and the model group were both given the gavage of equal volumes of normal saline); 4 weeks after the administration, we had our detection to physiological indicators of mice, performed ELISA assay to detect inflammatory factor expressions, then assay of 16S sequencing was used to reveal the difference of intestinal flora. Our results showed that after SQYSF treatment, both the expressions of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) came with a significant decline, indicating the outstanding performances of SQYSF in alleviating impairment in renal function and elevating mice’s physiological function. SQYSF significantly reduced the degree of renal fibrosis in CKD mice, and remarkably down-regulated the expressions of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κb), p65, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Additionally, SQYSF has more than ability in significantly changing the composition in mice’s intestinal flora, but also in greatly increasing the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Aeromonadales in the mouse intestine. This study clarified the therapeutic effect of SQYSF on CKD and regulation of inflammatory factors and intestinal flora, and provided new ideas for treatment on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
| | - Tai-Jun Zhang
- The Office of Academic Affairs, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
| | - Wei-Jian Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
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14
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Liu H, Liu H, Liu C, Shang M, Wei T, Yin P. Gut Microbiome and the Role of Metabolites in the Study of Graves’ Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:841223. [PMID: 35252357 PMCID: PMC8889015 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.841223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders with an increasing prevalence worldwide. But the etiology of GD is still unclear. A growing number of studies show correlations between gut microbiota and GD. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be the reason for the development of GD by modulating the immune system. Metabolites act as mediators or modulators between gut microbiota and thyroid. The purpose of this review is to summarize the correlations between gut microbiota, microbial metabolites and GD. Challenges in the future study are also discussed. The combination of microbiome and metabolome may provide new insight for the study and put forward the diagnosis, treatment, prevention of GD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengxue Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianfu Wei
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyuan Yin, ,
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15
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Long CX, Wu JQ, Tan ZJ. Intestinal microbiota disturbance affects the occurrence of African swine fever. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-10. [PMID: 34874229 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota not only participates in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also plays an important role in regulating host metabolism and health. The current study aimed to explore the intestinal microbiota characteristics in pigs infected with African swine fever. Below the same term, fresh fecal samples of sick and healthy pigs were collected. Primers were designed and PCR was extracted based on the 16S rDNA gene of bacteria by Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform. The results showed that the bacterial alpha diversity index of healthy pigs was significantly higher than that of sick pigs (p < 0.05). On the phylum taxa, dominant bacteria more than 98.5% in the two groups are composed of Firmicutes, Spirobacteria, and Bacteroides, of which the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased and Spiricobacteria increased extremely significant in sick pigs (p < 0.01). On the genus taxa, the relative abundance of Oscillospira, Streptococcus and Roseburia decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Most notably, Treponema performed excellently in distinguishing pigs infected with African swine fever with the abundance increased extremely significantly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, African swine fever could alter the abundance of dominant bacteria in pigs, and Treponema may be one of the important inducers for swine pathogenicity. HighlightsThe bacterial population composition in sick pigs and healthy pigs was basically similar, but the relative abundance of dominant bacteria was significantly difference.ASF could alter the abundance of dominant bacteria in pigs, and Treponema may be one of the important inducers for swine pathogenicity.These results will provide further evidence for the ASF infection in local pig farms and provide reference for their microecological control, which has important practical significance and social value for effective control of ASF, stability of pig production and guarantee of market supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xing Long
- College of Mathematics and Finance, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, China
| | - Jie-Qi Wu
- Loudi Fisheries Science Research Institute, Loudi, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- College of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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16
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Sun G, Xia T, Wei Q, Dong Y, Zhao C, Yang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Sha W, Zhang H. Analysis of gut microbiota in three species belonging to different genera ( Hemitragus, Pseudois, and Ovis) from the subfamily Caprinae in the absence of environmental variance. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12129-12140. [PMID: 34522365 PMCID: PMC8427585 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effects of host species on the gut microbial flora in three species (Hemitragus jemlahicus, Pseudois nayaur, and Ovis orientalis) from the subfamily Caprinae, by excluding the impact of environment factors. We investigated the differences in intestinal flora of three species belonging to Caprinae, which were raised in identical conditions. Fecal samples were collected from tahr, mouflon, and bharal, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that fecal samples were mainly composed of four phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria. The most abundant phyla included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounting for >90% of the bacteria, and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed in tahrs. Moreover, significant differences existed at multiple levels of classifications in the relative abundance of intestinal flora, differing greatly between species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that mouflon is closely related to bharal, and it is inconsistent with previous reports in the species evolutionary relationships. In this study, we demonstrated that the gut microbiota in tahr had a stronger ability to absorb and store energy from the diet compared with mouflon and bharal, and the characteristics of host-microbiome interactions were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Sun
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Tian Xia
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Qinguo Wei
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Yuehuan Dong
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xiufeng Yang
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xibao Wang
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Weilai Sha
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life ScienceQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
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17
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Ghaemi F, Fateh A, Sepahy AA, Zangeneh M, Ghanei M, Siadat SD. Blood microbiota composition in Iranian pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. Hum Antibodies 2021; 29:243-248. [PMID: 34151785 DOI: 10.3233/hab-210450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes as the most prevalent metabolic disorder, is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies suggest that body microbiota may play a role in developing metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the blood microbiota composition in Iranian pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals. METHODS Blood samples were taken after 12-h fasting from 90 participants, 30 healthy individuals, 30 type 2 diabetes patients and 30 pre-diabetic participants. The buffy coat layer separated by centrifugation at 800 and DNA was extracted using a column-based method. Composition and load of blood microbiota was evaluated by real-time PCR method using genus specific 16S rRNA primers. RESULTS The load of Akkermansia, and Faecalibacterium was higher in normal volunteers compared to pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetes group (p< 0.05).The load of Bifidobacterium was higher in normal volunteers compared to type 2 diabetes patients (p= 0.02).In contrast, the load of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli was higher in pre-diabetics and type 2 diabetes patients compared to normal volunteers (p< 0.05).The load of Bacteroides fragilis was not statistically different between studied groups but it was higher in males compared to female group (p= 0.04). the load of other bacteria was not significantly different between male and female participants. CONCLUSION There is difference between microbiota composition in white blood cells of pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetes patients compared to healthy people. Determination of blood microbiota pattern may have a role in diagnosis and preventive of type 2 diabetes in a certain population. For more clarification about correlation between blood microbiota and type 2 diabetes, larger studies with more participants in different ethnical populations is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahy
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Zangeneh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Dall'Agnol B, McCulloch JA, Mayer FQ, Souza U, Webster A, Antunes P, Doyle RL, Reck J, Ferreira CAS. Molecular characterization of bacterial communities of two neotropical tick species (Amblyomma aureolatum and Ornithodoros brasiliensis) using rDNA 16S sequencing. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101746. [PMID: 34091278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are one of the main vectors of pathogens for humans and animals worldwide. However, they harbor non-pathogenic microorganisms that are important for their survival, facilitating both their nutrition and immunity. We investigated the bacterial communities associated with two neotropical tick species of human and veterinary potential health importance from Brazil: Amblyomma aureolatum and Ornithodoros brasiliensis. In A. aureolatum (adult ticks collected from wild canids from Southern Brazil), the predominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria (98.68%), Tenericutes (0.70%), Bacteroidetes (0.14%), Actinobacteria (0.13%), and Acidobacteria (0.05%). The predominant genera were Francisella (97.01%), Spiroplasma (0.70%), Wolbachia (0.51%), Candidatus Midichloria (0.25%), and Alkanindiges (0.13%). The predominant phyla in O. brasiliensis (adults, fed and unfed nymphs collected at the environment from Southern Brazil) were Proteobacteria (90.27%), Actinobacteria (7.38%), Firmicutes (0.77%), Bacteroidetes (0.44%), and Planctomycetes (0.22%). The predominant bacterial genera were Coxiella (87.71%), Nocardioides (1.73%), Saccharopolyspora (0.54%), Marmoricola (0.42%), and Staphylococcus (0.40%). Considering the genera with potential importance for human and animal health which can be transmitted by ticks, Coxiella sp. was found in all stages of O. brasiliensis, Francisella sp. in all stages of A. aureolatum and in unfed nymphs of O. brasiliensis, and Rickettsia sp. in females of A. aureolatum from Banhado dos Pachecos (BP) in Viamão municipality, Brazil, and in females and unfed nymphs of O. brasiliensis. These results deepen our understanding of the tick-microbiota relationship in Ixodidae and Argasidae, driving new studies with the focus on the manipulation of tick microbiota to prevent outbreaks of tick-borne diseases in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dall'Agnol
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Ugo Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Webster
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola Antunes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Rovaina Laureano Doyle
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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19
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ACE2 as therapeutic agent. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2581-2595. [PMID: 33063820 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone, fluid and electrolyte balance. ACE2 functions as a carboxymonopeptidase hydrolyzing the cleavage of a single C-terminal residue from Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), the key peptide hormone of RAS, to form Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), which binds to the G-protein-coupled Mas receptor and activates signaling pathways that counteract the pathways activated by Ang-II. ACE2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and overwhelming evidence substantiates the beneficial effects of enhancing ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis under many pathological conditions in these tissues in experimental models. This review will provide a succinct overview on current strategies to enhance ACE2 as therapeutic agent, and discuss limitations and future challenges. ACE2 also has other functions, such as acting as a co-factor for amino acid transport and being exploited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) as cellular entry receptor, the implications of these functions in development of ACE2-based therapeutics will also be discussed.
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20
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Jerez-Morales A, Merino JS, Díaz-Castillo ST, Smith CT, Fuentealba J, Bernasconi H, Echeverría G, García-Cancino A. The Administration of the Synbiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus 6c3 Strain, Inulin and Fructooligosaccharide Decreases the Concentrations of Indoxyl Sulfate and Kidney Damage in a Rat Model. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:192. [PMID: 33800029 PMCID: PMC7999732 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in its cardiovascular complications. One of the approaches proposed to decrease IS is the administration of synbiotics. This work aimed to search for a probiotic strain capable to decrease serum IS levels and mix it with two prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)) to produce a putative synbiotic and test it in a rat CKD model. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were nephrectomized. One group (Lac) received the mixture for 16 weeks in drinking water and the other no (Nef). A control group (C) included sham-nephrectomized rats. Serum creatinine and IS concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Optical microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy was used to study kidney and heart samples. The Lac group, which received the synbiotic, reduced IS by 0.8% while the Nef group increased it by 38.8%. Histological analysis of kidneys showed that the Lac group increased fibrotic areas by 12% and the Nef group did it by 25%. The synbiotic did not reduce cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the putative synbiotic showed that function reducing IS and the progression of CKD in a rat model, but no heart protection was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Jerez-Morales
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; (A.J.-M.); (C.T.S.)
- Pasteur Laboratory, Research and Development Department, 4030635 Concepción, Chile; (S.T.D.-C.); (H.B.)
| | - José S. Merino
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agronomy, University of the Americas, 4070254 Concepción, Chile;
| | - Sindy T. Díaz-Castillo
- Pasteur Laboratory, Research and Development Department, 4030635 Concepción, Chile; (S.T.D.-C.); (H.B.)
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; (A.J.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile;
| | - Humberto Bernasconi
- Pasteur Laboratory, Research and Development Department, 4030635 Concepción, Chile; (S.T.D.-C.); (H.B.)
| | | | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; (A.J.-M.); (C.T.S.)
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21
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Yao Y, Liu T, Yin L, Man S, Ye S, Ma L. Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Litchi chinensis Seeds Alleviates Hypertension-Induced Renal Damage in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2138-2148. [PMID: 33470120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Litchi chinensis seed is a valuable byproduct of the subtropical fruit litchi (L. chinensis Sonn.), whose extract (LSE) has been confirmed to ameliorate dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. However, if LSE exerts an effect on anti-hypertension and hypertensive renal damage remains unknown. In this study, 13 polyphenols and one fatty acid were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that the therapeutic effects of LSE may be involved in multitargets and multipathways, such as the TNF signaling pathway, interleukin (IL)-6-mediated signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, removal of superoxide radicals, negative regulation of blood pressure, and so forth. Moreover, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were daily gavaged with LSE (60 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. LSE remarkably reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP). The hypertension-induced renal damage was improved by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, which was consistent with the prediction of network pharmacology. In addition, LSE treatment remarkably increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Our study indicated that a byproduct of litchi, namely, litchi seed, may be effective in reducing SBP and alleviating hypertensive renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Taohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shengying Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The 983th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tianjin 300142, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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22
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Poll BG, Xu J, Jun S, Sanchez J, Zaidman NA, He X, Lester L, Berkowitz DE, Paolocci N, Gao WD, Pluznick JL. Acetate, a Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Acutely Lowers Heart Rate and Cardiac Contractility Along with Blood Pressure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:39-50. [PMID: 33414131 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced almost exclusively by the gut microbiota and are an essential mechanism by which gut microbes influence host physiology. Given that SCFAs induce vasodilation, we hypothesized that they might have additional cardiovascular effects. In this study, novel mechanisms of SCFA action were uncovered by examining the acute effects of SCFAs on cardiovascular physiology in vivo and ex vivo. Acute delivery of SCFAs in conscious radiotelemetry-implanted mice results in a simultaneous decrease in both mean arterial pressure and heart rate (HR). Inhibition of sympathetic tone by the selective β-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist atenolol blocks the acute drop in HR seen with acetate administration, yet the decrease in mean arterial pressure persists. Treatment with tyramine, an indirect sympathomimetic, also blocks the acetate-induced acute drop in HR. Langendorff preparations show that acetate lowers HR only after long-term exposure and at a smaller magnitude than seen in vivo. Pressure-volume loops after acetate injection show a decrease in load-independent measures of cardiac contractility. Isolated trabecular muscle preparations also show a reduction in force generation upon SCFA treatment, though only at supraphysiological concentrations. These experiments demonstrate a direct cardiac component of the SCFA cardiovascular response. These data show that acetate affects blood pressure and cardiac function through parallel mechanisms and establish a role for SCFAs in modulating sympathetic tone and cardiac contractility, further advancing our understanding of the role of SCFAs in blood pressure regulation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acetate, a short-chain fatty acid, acutely lowers heart rate (HR) as well as mean arterial pressure in vivo in radiotelemetry-implanted mice. Acetate is acting in a sympatholytic manner on HR and exerts negative inotropic effects in vivo. This work has implications for potential short-chain fatty acid therapeutics as well as gut dysbiosis-related disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Poll
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Seungho Jun
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Jason Sanchez
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Nathan A Zaidman
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Xiaojun He
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Laeben Lester
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology (B.G.P., J.X., J.S., N.Z., J.L.P.), Division of Cardiology (S.J., N.P.), Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (X.H., L.L., W.D.G.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (D.B.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy (N.P.)
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23
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Wang JM, Yang MX, Wu QF, Chen J, Deng SF, Chen L, Wei DN, Liang FR. Improvement of intestinal flora: accompany with the antihypertensive effect of electroacupuncture on stage 1 hypertension. Chin Med 2021; 16:7. [PMID: 33413552 PMCID: PMC7792359 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence have indicated the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and hypertension. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the electroacupuncture (EA) on intestinal microbiota in patients with stage 1 hypertension. METHODS 93 hypertensive patients and 15 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Applying a highly accurate oscillometric device to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of EA. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to profile stool microbial communities from Healthy group, Before treatment (BT) group and After treatment (AT) group, and various multivariate analysis approaches were used to assess diversity, composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota. RESULTS In this study, EA significantly decreased the blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients. Higher abundance of Firmicutes and lower Bacteroidetes abundance were observed in the BT group compared to the Healthy group. And EA treatment significantly decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to the BT group. Moreover, at the genus level, there was an increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in patients with hypertension, while Blautia were decreased, and EA reversed these changes. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that EA can effectively lower BP and improve the structure of intestinal microbiota which are correlate with the alteration of blood pressure by electroacupuncture. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrial.gov, NCT01701726. Registered 5 October 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01701726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Meng Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Xiao Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hai yuan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China. .,Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ji Chen
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Fang Deng
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Da-Neng Wei
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan-Rong Liang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.37, Road Shi-Er-Qiao, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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24
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Docimo G, Cangiano A, Romano RM, Pignatelli MF, Offi C, Paglionico VA, Galdiero M, Donnarumma G, Nigro V, Esposito D, Rotondi M, Candela G, Pasquali D. The Human Microbiota in Endocrinology: Implications for Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in Thyroid Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:586529. [PMID: 33343507 PMCID: PMC7746874 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.586529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is an integral component in the maintenance of health and of the immune system. Microbiome-wide association studies have found numerous diseases associated to dysbiosis. Studies are needed to move beyond correlations and begin to address causation. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) are one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders with an increasing prevalence, higher than 5% worldwide. Most frequent manifestations of ATD are Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. The exact etiology of ATD remains unknown. Until now it is not clear whether bacterial infections can trigger ATD or modulate the efficacy of treatment and prognosis. The aim of our review is to characterize the microbiota and in ATD and to evaluate the impact of dysbiosis on treatment and prognosis. Moreover, variation of gut microbiome has been associated with thyroid cancer and benign nodules. Here we will characterize the microbioma in benign thyroid nodules, and papillary thyroid cancer to evaluate their implications in the pathophysiology and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Docimo
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Cangiano
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Maria Romano
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Filograna Pignatelli
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Offi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Vanda Amoresano Paglionico
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ”Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Esposito
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Candela
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasquali
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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25
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Soy bioactive peptides and the gut microbiota modulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9009-9017. [PMID: 32945899 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The balance of protein, carbohydrate, and fat affect the composition and functions of the gut microbiota. The complexities involved thereof require insights into the roles and impacts of individual dietary components due to the difficulty of defining such in a group of others. Peptides and proteins from several animal and plant sources have been widely explored in relation to the gut microbiome modulation, but the effects of soy peptides and other soy derivatives on the gut microbiota are largely unexplored. This piece considered an overview of the production and interventions of soy bioactive peptides on gut, as they affect the composition and functions of the gut microorganisms. A mini review on the production of soy protein hydrolysates/peptides and highlights of the most recent knowledge regarding their physiological effects on host's gut microbiota cum health were investigated. Overall deductions and research gaps were critically evaluated for futuristic interventions and relevance. Key points • Diet affects the composition of gut microorganisms. • Modulation of the gut microbiota by soy biopeptides is described. • Critical deductions on personal and commercial use are provided.
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26
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Aponte M, Murru N, Shoukat M. Therapeutic, Prophylactic, and Functional Use of Probiotics: A Current Perspective. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562048. [PMID: 33042069 PMCID: PMC7516994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered as the twenty-first century panpharmacon due to their competent remedial power to cure from gastrointestinal dysbiosis, systematic metabolic diseases, and genetic impairments up to complicated neurodegenerative disorders. They paved the way for an innovative managing of various severe diseases through palatable food products. The probiotics' role as a "bio-therapy" increased their significance in food and medicine due to many competitive advantages over traditional treatment therapies. Their prophylactic and therapeutic potential has been assessed through hundreds of preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, the food industry employs probiotics as functional and nutraceutical ingredients to enhance the added value of food product in terms of increased health benefits. However, regardless of promising health-boosting effects, the probiotics' efficacy still needs an in-depth understanding of systematic mechanisms and factors supporting the healthy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aponte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Murru
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mahtab Shoukat
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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27
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Huang Y, Zheng H, Tan K, Sun X, Ye J, Zhang Y. Circulating metabolomics profiling reveals novel pathways associated with cognitive decline in patients with hypertension. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420947973. [PMID: 32952614 PMCID: PMC7476355 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420947973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is associated with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although it may be correlated with AD in terms of symptoms, the link between hypertension and AD pathological biomarkers, and the potential underlying mechanism of hypertension with cognitive decline, are still not well understood. Methods: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to examine plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ)40, Aβ42, and tau concentration in hypertensive patients. Metabolomics and metagenomics were performed to identify the significantly changed circulating metabolites and microbiota between healthy individuals and hypertensive patients. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the association between cognitive indicators and differential metabolites. Results: We found significantly decreased MMSE scores, elevated plasma Aβ40, and decreased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in hypertensive patients, which are critically associated with AD pathology. Based on metabolomics, we found that significantly altered metabolites in the plasma of hypertensive patients were enriched in the benzoate degradation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, and they were also correlated with changes in MMSE scores and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. In addition, metabolomics signaling pathway analysis suggested that microbial metabolism was altered in hypertensive patients. We also identified altered blood microbiota in hypertensive patients compared with the controls. Conclusions: Our study provides a novel metabolic and microbial mechanism, which may underlie the cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Haoxiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Kuan Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinshao Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Panyu District, Xinzao, Guangzhou, 510260, China
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28
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Cheng D, Tang Y, Li H, Li Y, Sang H. Nighttime blood pressure decline as a predictor of renal injury in patients with hypertension: a population-based cohort study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4310-4322. [PMID: 31276448 PMCID: PMC6660036 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We explored whether the nighttime blood pressure (BP) decline predicts renal function decline in a population-based cohort with primary hypertension. We measured the baseline ambulatory BP and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a cohort of 1,042 primary hypertensive patients. We repeated the GFR measurements and calculated the rate of GFR decline after a median follow-up of 5.8 years. The estimated GFR (eGFR) declined by -0.23 to -0.20 mL/min per year as the nighttime systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean BP decline rates increased by 1% (P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the nighttime SBP, DBP, and mean BP were all related to a steeper rate of eGFR decline by -0.25 to -0.22 mL/min per 1% increase. The adjusted multivariable results indicated that the odds of an eGFR decline were reduced by 46% when the nighttime SBP decline rate increased by 1% (OR= 0.54, 95% CI: 0.46-0.62). The restricted cubic spline model indicated a non-linear dose-response relationship with the nighttime SBP, DBP, and mean BP. Nighttime BP may be an important biomarker of renal function injury in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Haiqiang Sang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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29
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Miglinas M, Cesniene U, Janusaite MM, Vinikovas A. Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognition in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:96. [PMID: 32582768 PMCID: PMC7283453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects both brain structure and function. Patients with CKD have a higher risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Age, prior disease history, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, diet, obesity, and sedimentary lifestyle are most common risk factors. Renal-specific pathophysiologic derangements, such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcification, anemia, gut dysbiosis, and uremic toxins are important mediators. Dialysis initiation constitutes the highest stroke risk period. CKD significantly worsens stroke outcomes. It is essential to understand the risks and benefits of established stroke therapeutics in patients with CKD, especially in those on dialysis. Subclinical cerebrovascular disease, such as of silent brain infarction, white matter lesions, cerebral microbleeds, and cerebral atrophy are more prevalent with declining renal function. This may lead to functional brain damage manifesting as cognitive impairment. Cognitive dysfunction has been linked to poor compliance with medications, and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding the interaction between renal impairment and brain is important in to minimize the risk of neurologic injury in patients with CKD. This article reviews the link between chronic kidney disease and brain abnormalities associated with CKD in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Miglinas
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ugne Cesniene
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marta Monika Janusaite
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arturas Vinikovas
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Nephrology Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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30
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Ruscica M, Corsini A, Ferri N, Banach M, Sirtori CR. Clinical approach to the inflammatory etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104916. [PMID: 32445957 PMCID: PMC7238995 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an obligatory marker of arterial disease, both stemming from the inflammatory activity of cholesterol itself and from well-established molecular mechanisms. Raised progenitor cell recruitment after major events and clonal hematopoiesis related mechanisms have provided an improved understanding of factors regulating inflammatory phenomena. Trials with inflammation antagonists have led to an extensive evaluation of biomarkers such as the high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), not exerting a causative role, but frequently indicative of the individual cardiovascular (CV) risk. Aim of this review is to provide indication on the anti-inflammatory profile of agents of general use in CV prevention, i.e. affecting lipids, blood pressure, diabetes as well nutraceuticals such as n-3 fatty acids. A crucial issue in the evaluation of the benefit of the anti-inflammatory activity is the frequent discordance between a beneficial activity on a major risk factor and associated changes of hsCRP, as in the case of statins vs PCSK9 antagonists. In hypertension, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors exert an optimal anti-inflammatory activity, vs the case of sartans. The remarkable preventive activity of SLGT-2 inhibitors in heart failure is not associated with a clear anti-inflammatory mechanism. Finally, icosapent ethyl has been shown to reduce the CV risk in hypertriglyceridemia, with a 27 % reduction of hsCRP. The inflammation-based approach to arterial disease has considerably gained from an improved understanding of the clinical diagnostic strategy and from a better knowledge on the mode of action of numerous agents, including nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Chen H, Wang MC, Chen YY, Chen L, Wang YN, Vaziri ND, Miao H, Zhao YY. Alisol B 23-acetate attenuates CKD progression by regulating the renin-angiotensin system and gut-kidney axis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320920025. [PMID: 32547719 PMCID: PMC7249553 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320920025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests a link between the gut microbiome and various diseases including hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, studies examining the efficacy of controlling blood pressure and inhibiting the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in preventing CKD progression are limited. Methods: In the present study, we used 5/6 nephrectomised (NX) and unilateral ureteral obstructed (UUO) rat models and cultured renal tubular epithelial cells and fibroblasts to test whether alisol B 23-acetate (ABA) can attenuate renal fibrogenesis by regulating blood pressure and inhibiting RAS. Results: ABA treatment re-established dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, lowered blood pressure, reduced serum creatinine and proteinuria, suppressed expression of RAS constituents and inhibited the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NX rats. Similarly, ABA treatment inhibited expression of collagen I, fibronectin, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and fibroblast-specific protein 1 at both mRNA and protein levels in UUO rats. ABA was also effective in suppressing activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 and preserving Smad7 expression in both NX and UUO rats. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ABA treatment inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and mitochondrial-associated caspase pathways. Conclusion: These data suggest that ABA attenuated renal fibrosis through a mechanism associated with re-establishing dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and regulating blood pressure, and Smad7-mediated inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation. Thus, we demonstrate ABA as a promising candidate for treatment of CKD by improving the gut microbiome and regulating blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Chang Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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32
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Fu Z, Jiao Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shen M, Reiter RJ, Xi Q, Chen Y. Cardioprotective Role of Melatonin in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:366. [PMID: 32411013 PMCID: PMC7201093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic, indole secreted, and synthesized by the human pineal gland. Melatonin has biological effects including anti-apoptosis, protecting mitochondria, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and stimulating target cells to secrete cytokines. Its protective effect on cardiomyocytes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has caused widespread interest in the actions of this molecule. The effects of melatonin against oxidative stress, promoting autophagic repair of cells, regulating immune and inflammatory responses, enhancing mitochondrial function, and relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress, play crucial roles in protecting cardiomyocytes from infarction. Mitochondrial apoptosis and dysfunction are common occurrence in cardiomyocyte injury after myocardial infarction. This review focuses on the targets of melatonin in protecting cardiomyocytes in AMI, the main molecular signaling pathways that melatonin influences in its endogenous protective role in myocardial infarction, and the developmental prospect of melatonin in myocardial infarction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jihang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- San Antonio Cellular Therapeutics Institute, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Qing Xi
- The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sun Y, Zhong S, Deng B, Jin Q, Wu J, Huo J, Zhu J, Zhang C, Li Y. Impact of Phellinus gilvus mycelia on growth, immunity and fecal microbiota in weaned piglets. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9067. [PMID: 32377455 PMCID: PMC7194088 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics are the most commonly used growth-promoting additives in pig feed especially for weaned piglets. But in recent years their use has been restricted because of bacterial resistance. Phellinus, a genus of medicinal fungi, is widely used in Asia to treat gastroenteric dysfunction, hemrrhage, and tumors. Phellinus is reported to improve body weight on mice with colitis. Therefore, we hypothesize that it could benefit the health and growth of piglets, and could be used as an alternative to antibiotic. Here, the effect of Phellinus gilvus mycelia (SH) and antibiotic growth promoter (ATB) were investigated on weaned piglets. Methods A total of 72 crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (n = 4 pens per treatment group with six piglets per pen). The control group was fed basal diet; the SH treatment group was fed basal diet containing 5 g/kg SH; the ATB treatment group was feed basal diet containing 75 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg kitasamycin. The experiment period was 28 days. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed intake to gain ratio were calculated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum were assessed. Viable plate counts of Escherichia coli in feces were measured. Fecal microbiota was analyzed via the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Results The ADG (1–28 day) of piglets was significantly higher in SH and ATB treatment groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control, and the ADG did not show significant difference between SH and ATB treatment groups (P > 0.05). Both SH and ATB treatments increased the MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in serum compared to the control (P < 0.05), but the levels in SH group were all significantly higher than in the ATB group (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiological analysis showed that viable E. coli counts were dramatically decreased by SH and ATB. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that ATB shifted the microbiota structure drastically, and significantly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Faecalibacterium genera. But SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, and only increased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella genus. Conclusion Our work demonstrated that though SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, it markedly reduced the fecal E. coli population, and improved growth and innate immunity in piglets. Our finding suggested that SH could be an alternative to ATB in piglet feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinsheng Jin
- Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Nanxun District, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxi Huo
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Hangzhou Zhengxing Animal Husbandry co. LTD, Linan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yougui Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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Effect of probiotic foods and supplements on blood pressure: a systematic review of meta-analyses studies of controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:617-623. [PMID: 32550214 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Recent evidences suggested that hypertension was associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. As intervention with probiotics might be considered as one of the approaches for modulating gut microbiota, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the meta-analyses of controlled trials (CTs) to elucidate the effects of probiotics on blood pressure. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases until November 2019 to explore all the meta-analyses conducted on the CTs assessing the efficacy of probiotics in the management of blood pressure (BP). Meta-analyses performed on in vitro, animal or observational studies were excluded from the study. References of the included studies were also screened to obtain further eligible publications. Results From the 111 records which were identified during the literature search, 5 meta-analyses met the selection criteria. Total sample size was 2703 subjects (1009 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)), aged 12-75 years from both sexes. Results of meta-analyses have been shown a moderate effect of probiotics on BP in hypertensive adults with/without T2DM; from 3.10 to 5.04 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and from 0.39 to 3.84 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after 3-24 weeks consumption. These effects were greater in adults with BP ≥ 130/85, by dairy products, by Asian fermented products with multiple species and higher dose of probiotics (≥ 1011 colony forming units (CFU)). Conclusion It seems probiotic foods and supplements which were contained high dose multiple species of probiotic bacteria could be more effective in BP control.
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Gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease: evidences and mechanisms that mediate a new communication in the gastrointestinal-renal axis. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:303-320. [PMID: 32064574 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a growing public health problem associated with loss of kidney function and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main leading cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD. It is well established that CKD is associated with gut dysbiosis. Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in studying the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with CKD as well as the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to CKD progression, in order to identify possible therapeutic targets to improve the morbidity and survival in CKD. The purpose of this review is to explore the clinical evidence and the mechanisms involved in the gut-kidney crosstalk as well as the possible interventions to restore a normal balance of the gut microbiota in CKD. It is well known that the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut-kidney axis acts in a reciprocal way: on the one hand, CKD significantly modifies the composition and functions of the gut microbiota. On the other hand, gut microbiota is able to manipulate the processes leading to CKD onset and progression through inflammatory, endocrine, and neurologic pathways. Understanding the complex interaction between these two organs (gut microbiota and kidney) may provide novel nephroprotective interventions to prevent the progression of CKD by targeting the gut microbiota. The review is divided into three main sections: evidences from clinical studies about the existence of a gut microbiota dysbiosis in CKD; the complex mechanisms that explain the bidirectional relationship between CKD and gut dysbiosis; and reports regarding the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation to restore gut microbiota balance in CKD.
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Guarner-Lans V, Ramírez-Higuera A, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Castrejón-Téllez V, Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I. Early Programming of Adult Systemic Essential Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1203. [PMID: 32054074 PMCID: PMC7072742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are being included in the study of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) and essential systemic hypertension has also been added to this field. Epigenetic modifications are one of the main mechanisms leading to early programming of disease. Different environmental factors occurring during critical windows in the early stages of life may leave epigenetic cues, which may be involved in the programming of hypertension when individuals reach adulthood. Such environmental factors include pre-term birth, low weight at birth, altered programming of different organs such as the blood vessels and the kidney, and living in disadvantageous conditions in the programming of hypertension. Mechanisms behind these factors that impact on the programming include undernutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation, emotional stress, and changes in the microbiota. These factors and their underlying causes acting at the vascular level will be discussed in this paper. We also explore the establishment of epigenetic cues that may lead to hypertension at the vascular level such as DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation and acetylation), and the role of microRNAs in the endothelial cells and blood vessel smooth muscle which participate in hypertension. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, the knowledge of this type of markers could be useful in the field of prevention, diagnosis or epigenetic drugs as a therapeutic approach to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Abril Ramírez-Higuera
- Nutrition Biochemistry Laboratory, Research and Food Development Unit. Veracruz Technological Institute, National Technological of Mexico, Veracruz 91897, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico 14080, Mexico;
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Moludi J, Maleki V, Jafari‐Vayghyan H, Vaghef‐Mehrabany E, Alizadeh M. Metabolic endotoxemia and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review about potential roles of prebiotics and probiotics. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:927-939. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Moludi
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Vaghef‐Mehrabany
- Nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Effects of Sanoshashinto on left ventricular hypertrophy and gut microbiota in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nat Med 2020; 74:482-486. [PMID: 31956959 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that the methanolic extract of Sanoshashinto () (SHXXTM) exhibited significant vasorelaxant effects in vitro and antihypertensive effects in vivo, and baicalin and berberine were the main antihypertensive constituents in SHXXTM. We also speculated that the baicalin-berberine (BB) combination produced vasorelaxant effects by activating the NO/cGMP pathway, and the BKCa channel and the DAG/PKC/CPI-17 pathway were involved. In this study, we examined the vasorelaxant effects using helical strips of rat aorta pretreated with different activators or inhibitors. The results suggested that the KATP channel and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) were also involved in the vasorelaxant effects. Furthermore, we found that SHXXTM and the BB combination reduced left ventricular hypertrophy and altered gut microbiota. Together, the results indicated that Sanoshashinto might have comprehensive effects on ameliorating hypertension.
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Iron Transport Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate in Animal Health and Diseases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234289. [PMID: 31775281 PMCID: PMC6930530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut health is the starting place for maintaining the overall health of an animal. Strategies to maintain gut health are, thus, an important part in achieving the goal of improving animal health. A new strategy to do this involves two molecules: the iron transport protein ovotransferrin (IT) and α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), which result in the novel formulation of ITPGS. These molecules help reduce gut pathogens, while enhancing the absorption and bioavailability of therapeutic drugs, phytomedicines, and nanomedicines. This, in turn, helps to maintain normal health in animals. Maintaining the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in its normal condition is key for successful absorption and efficacy of any nutrient. A compromised GIT, due to an imbalance (dysbiosis) in the GIT microbiome, can lead to an impaired GI barrier system with impaired absorption and overall health of the animal. The molecules in ITPGS may address the issue of poor absorption by keeping the GI system healthy by maintaining the normal microbiome and improving the absorption of nutrients through multiple mechanisms involving antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities. The ITPGS technology can allow the dose of active pharmaceutical or herbal medicine to be significantly reduced in order to attain equal or better efficacy. With complimentary actions between IT and TPGS, ITPGS presents a novel approach to increase the bioavailability of drugs, phytoconstituents, nutrients, and nanomedicines by enhanced transport to the tissues at the site of action, while reducing gut pathogen load. The ITPGS approach appears to be a novel strategy for maintaining the health of animals by manipulation of microbiota.
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Cozzolino M, Mangano M, Stucchi A, Ciceri P, Conte F, Galassi A. Cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:iii28-iii34. [PMID: 30281132 PMCID: PMC6168816 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a highly common complication and the first cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on haemodialysis (HD). In this population, mortality due to CVD is 20 times higher than in the general population and the majority of maintenance HD patients have CVD. This is likely due to ventricular hypertrophy as well as non-traditional risk factors, such as chronic volume overload, anaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder and other aspects of the ‘uraemic milieu’. Better understanding the impact of these numerous factors on CVD would be an important step for prevention and treatment. In this review we focus non-traditional CVD risk factors in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Mangano
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Stucchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Renal Research Laboratory Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Conte
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galassi
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Bryniarski MA, Hamarneh F, Yacoub R. The role of chronic kidney disease-associated dysbiosis in cardiovascular disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:514-525. [PMID: 30682892 PMCID: PMC6547008 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219826526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Negative alterations, or dysbiosis, in the intestinal microbial community balance in response to chronic kidney disease is emerging as a substantial and important factor in inducing and exacerbating multiple comorbid conditions. Patients with renal insufficiency experience a substantial increase in cardiovascular risk, and recent evidence is shedding light on the close interaction between microbiome dysbiosis and increased cardiovascular events in this population. Previous association and recent causality studies utilizing experimental animal models have enriched our understanding and confirmed the impact of microbial community imbalance on cardiac health in both the general population and in patients with renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bryniarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Fares Hamarneh
- University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rabi Yacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Qiu J, Zhou H, Jing Y, Dong C. Association between blood microbiome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22842. [PMID: 30714640 PMCID: PMC6528574 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although recent studies have indicated that gut microbiome dysbiosis was significantly associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), information on the role of blood microbiome in T2DM development is scarce. Methods Fifty incident T2DM cases and 100 matched non‐T2DM controls were selected from a prospective cohort study of “135.” The composition of the blood microbiome was characterized using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing from pre‐diagnostic blood sample. The amplicons were normalized, pooled, and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq instrument using a MiSeq Reagent Kit PE300 v3 kit. Results Totally, 3 000 391 and 6 244 227 high‐quality sequences were obtained from T2DM patients and non‐T2DM controls, respectively. The mean diversity of the blood microbiome (Simpson, Chao1 and Shannon indices) was not different between two groups at baseline. At genus level, the Aquabacterium, Xanthomonas, and Pseudonocardia were presented with lower abundance, while Actinotalea, Alishewanella, Sediminibacterium, and Pseudoclavibacter were presented with higher abundance among T2DM cases compared to those in non‐T2DM controls. As the results shown, participants carried the genus Bacteroides in blood were significantly associated with a decreased risk for T2DM development, with 74% vs 88% (adjusted OR: 0.367, 95% CI: 0.151‐0.894). However, participants carried the genus Sediminibacterium have an increased risk for T2DM, with adjusted OR (95% CI) being 14.098 (1.358, 146.330). Conclusions Blood microbiome may play an etiology role in the development of T2DM. These findings would be useful to develop microbiota‐based strategies for T2DM prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Effects of Probiotics on Inflammation and Uremic Toxins Among Patients on Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:469-479. [PMID: 30099652 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate effects of probiotics on inflammation, uremic toxins, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. METHODS A literature search was conducted utilizing MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through October 2017. We included studies that assessed assessing effects of probiotics on inflammatory markers, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), and GI symptoms in ESRD patients on dialysis. Effect estimates from the individual study were extracted and combined utilizing random effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO; No. CRD42017082137. RESULTS Seven clinical trials with 178 ESRD patients were enrolled. There was a significant reduction in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) from baseline to post-probiotic course (≥ 2 months after treatment) with standardized mean difference (SMD) of - 0.42 (95% CI - 0.68 to - 0.16, p = 0.002). When compared to control, patients who received probiotics also had a significant higher degree of reduction in CRP level with SMDs of - 0.37 (95% CI - 0.72 to 0.03, p = 0.04). However, there were no significant changes in serum TNF-alpha or albumin with SMDs of - 0.32 (95% CI - 0.92 to 0.28, p = 0.29) and 0.16 (95% CI - 0.20 to 0.53, p = 0.39), respectively. After probiotic course, there were also significant decrease in PBUTs and improvement in overall GI symptoms (reduction in GI symptom scores) with SMDs of - 0.61 (95% CI - 1.16 to - 0.07, p = 0.03) and - 1.04 (95% CI - 1.70 to - 0.38, p = 0.002), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates potential beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammation, uremic toxins, and GI Symptoms in ESRD patients. Future large-scale clinical studies are required to assess its benefits on other important clinical outcomes including patient mortality.
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Wu C, Zhou Y, Qi G, Liu D, Cao X, Yu J, Zhang R, Lin W, Guo P. Asperlin Stimulates Energy Expenditure and Modulates Gut Microbiota in HFD-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E38. [PMID: 30634484 PMCID: PMC6356881 DOI: 10.3390/md17010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asperlin is a marine-derived, natural product with antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. In the present study, we showed that asperlin effectively prevented the development of obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Oral administration of asperlin for 12 weeks significantly suppressed HFD-induced body weight gain and fat deposition without inhibiting food intake. Hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis were also substantially ameliorated. A respiratory metabolism monitor showed that asperlin efficiently increased energy expenditure and enhanced thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissue. Accordingly, asperlin-treated mice showed higher body temperature and were more tolerant of cold stress. Meanwhile, asperlin also increased the diversity and shifted the structure of gut microbiota. Oral administration of asperlin markedly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, leading to a higher Bacteroidetes-to-Fimicutes ratio. The HFD-induced abnormalities at both phylum and genus levels were all remarkably recovered by asperlin. These results demonstrated that asperlin is effective in preventing HFD-induced obesity and modulating gut microbiota. Its anti-obesity properties may be attributed to its effect on promoting energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guihong Qi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li Y, Zhong S, Yu J, Sun Y, Zhu J, Ji D, Wu C. The mulberry-derived 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) inhibits high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypercholesteremia and modulates the gut microbiota in a gender-specific manner. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Amorim M, Marques C, Pereira J, Guardão L, Martins M, Osório H, Moura D, Calhau C, Pinheiro H, Pintado M. Antihypertensive effect of spent brewer yeast peptide. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sircana A, Framarin L, Leone N, Berrutti M, Castellino F, Parente R, De Michieli F, Paschetta E, Musso G. Altered Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Just a Coincidence? Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:98. [PMID: 30215149 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the last decade many studies have suggested an association between the altered gut microbiota and multiple systemic diseases including diabetes. In this review, we will discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms, the latest findings regarding the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the results obtained with experimental modulation of microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS In T2D, gut dysbiosis contributes to onset and maintenance of insulin resistance. Different strategies that reduce dysbiosis can improve glycemic control. Evidence in animals and humans reveals differences between the gut microbial composition in healthy individuals and those with T2D. Changes in the intestinal ecosystem could cause inflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modulate metabolism of bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and metabolites that act synergistically on metabolic regulation systems contributing to insulin resistance. Interventions that restore equilibrium in the gut appear to have beneficial effects and improve glycemic control. Future research should examine in detail and in larger studies other possible pathophysiological mechanisms to identify specific pathways modulated by microbiota modulation and identify new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Framarin
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Leone
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Berrutti
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Castellino
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Renato Parente
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco De Michieli
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Paschetta
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Musso
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy.
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