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Tao K, Yuan Y, Xie Q, Dong Z. Relationship between human oral microbiome dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric diseases: An updated overview. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115111. [PMID: 38871130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The role of the gut-brain axis in mental health disorders has been extensively studied. As the oral cavity is the starting point of the digestive tract, the role that the oral microbiota plays in mental health disorders has gained recent attention. Oral microbiota can enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammatory responses or translocate to the brain through the trigeminal nerve or olfactory system. Hence, the concept of the oral microbiota-brain axis has emerged. Several hypotheses have been suggested that the oral microbiota can enter the gastrointestinal tract and affect the gut-brain axis; however, literature describing oral-brain communication remains limited. This review summarizes the characteristics of oral microbiota and its mechanisms associated with mental health disorders. Through a comprehensive examination of the relationship between oral microbiota and various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and dementia, this review seeks to identify promising avenues of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Xie
- Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; Department of Outpatient, West China Xiamen Hospital, Sichuan University, Fujian 361022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Kashyap B, Kullaa A. Salivary Metabolites Produced by Oral Microbes in Oral Diseases and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Metabolites 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38786754 PMCID: PMC11122927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arja Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
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3
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Iwai K, Azuma T, Yonenaga T, Sasai Y, Nomura T, Sugiura I, Inagawa Y, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima S, Abe Y, Tomofuji T. Longitudinal association of oral functions and dementia in Japanese older adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5858. [PMID: 38467855 PMCID: PMC10928189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oral functions and dementia was examined in 7384 older adults (age ≥ 75 years) who visited a dental clinic in Gifu, Japan. Participants without dementia in a baseline survey in April 2018 were followed until March 2021. As oral functions, chewing function, tongue and lip function, and swallowing function were assessed by self-administered questionnaire, by oral diadochokinesis test, and by repetitive saliva swallowing test, respectively. The presence of systemic diseases was based on data obtained from the National Database of Health Insurance of Japan. At follow-up, 415 (6%) participants were diagnosed with dementia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the presence of dementia at follow-up was associated with female (odds ratio [OR] 1.386; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.117-1.719), age (OR 1.078; CI 1.056-1.101), regular dental checkups (absence; OR 1.452; CI 1.180-1.788), brushing frequency ≥ twice/day (absence; OR 1.510; CI 1.194-1.911), decayed teeth (presence; OR 1.328; CI 1.071-1.648), swallowing function (poor; OR 1.484; CI 1.135-1.939) at baseline. It was found that poor swallowing function was associated with the future onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Iwai
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yonenaga
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasai
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Taketsugu Nomura
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu, 500-8486, Japan
| | - Iwane Sugiura
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu, 500-8486, Japan
| | - Yujo Inagawa
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu, 500-8486, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsumoto
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu, 500-8486, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakashima
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu, 500-8486, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Abe
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu, 500-8486, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
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Xi Y, Yu M, Li X, Zeng X, Li J. The coming future: The role of the oral-microbiota-brain axis in aroma release and perception. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13303. [PMID: 38343293 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The field of aroma release and perception during the oral process has been well studied. However, the traditional approaches have not fully explored the integration of oral biology, microbiology, and neurology to further understand aroma release and perception mechanisms. Herein, to address the existing challenges in this field, we introduce the oral-microbiota-brain axis (OMBA), an innovative framework that encapsulates the interactive relationships among saliva and the oral mucosa, the oral microbiota, and the brain in aroma release and perception. This review introduces the OMBA and highlights its role as a key interface facilitating the sensory experience of aroma. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, the specific roles of the oral mucosa, oral microbiota, saliva, and brain in the OMBA are discussed. This integrated approach reveals the importance of each component and the interconnected relationships within this axis in the overall process of aroma release and perception. Saliva and the oral mucosa play fundamental roles in aroma release and perception; the oral microbiota regulates aroma release and impacts olfactory perception; and the brain's intricate neural circuitry is central to the decoding and interpretation of aroma signals. The components of this axis are interdependent, and imbalances can disrupt aroma perception. The OMBA framework not only enhances our comprehension of aroma release and perception but also paves the way for innovative applications that could heighten sensory experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xi
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Yu
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangquan Zeng
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Processing Technology for Plant-based Food of China National Light Industry Council, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Pappalardo VY, Azarang L, Zaura E, Brandt BW, de Menezes RX. A new approach to describe the taxonomic structure of microbiome and its application to assess the relationship between microbial niches. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:58. [PMID: 38317062 PMCID: PMC10840258 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from microbiomes from multiple niches is often collected, but methods to analyse these often ignore associations between niches. One interesting case is that of the oral microbiome. Its composition is receiving increasing attention due to reports on its associations with general health. While the oral cavity includes different niches, multi-niche microbiome data analysis is conducted using a single niche at a time and, therefore, ignores other niches that could act as confounding variables. Understanding the interaction between niches would assist interpretation of the results, and help improve our understanding of multi-niche microbiomes. METHODS In this study, we used a machine learning technique called latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) on two microbiome datasets consisting of several niches. LDA was used on both individual niches and all niches simultaneously. On individual niches, LDA was used to decompose each niche into bacterial sub-communities unveiling their taxonomic structure. These sub-communities were then used to assess the relationship between microbial niches using the global test. On all niches simultaneously, LDA allowed us to extract meaningful microbial patterns. Sets of co-occurring operational taxonomic units (OTUs) comprising those patterns were then used to predict the original location of each sample. RESULTS Our approach showed that the per-niche sub-communities displayed a strong association between supragingival plaque and saliva, as well as between the anterior and posterior tongue. In addition, the LDA-derived microbial signatures were able to predict the original sample niche illustrating the meaningfulness of our sub-communities. For the multi-niche oral microbiome dataset we had an overall accuracy of 76%, and per-niche sensitivity of up to 83%. Finally, for a second multi-niche microbiome dataset from the entire body, microbial niches from the oral cavity displayed stronger associations to each other than with those from other parts of the body, such as niches within the vagina and the skin. CONCLUSION Our LDA-based approach produces sets of co-occurring taxa that can describe niche composition. LDA-derived microbial signatures can also be instrumental in summarizing microbiome data, for both descriptions as well as prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Y Pappalardo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Biostatistics Centre, Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leyla Azarang
- Biostatistics Centre, Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée X de Menezes
- Biostatistics Centre, Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Troci A, Philippen S, Rausch P, Rave J, Weyland G, Niemann K, Jessen K, Schmill LP, Aludin S, Franke A, Berg D, Bang C, Bartsch T. Disease- and stage-specific alterations of the oral and fecal microbiota in Alzheimer's disease. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad427. [PMID: 38205031 PMCID: PMC10776369 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities in the intestinal tract are suggested to impact the ethiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The human microbiome might modulate neuroinflammatory processes and contribute to neurodegeneration in AD. However, the microbial compositions in patients with AD at different stages of the disease are still not fully characterized. We used 16S rRNA analyses to investigate the oral and fecal microbiota in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 84), at-risk individuals (APOE4 carriers; n = 17), and healthy controls (n = 50) and investigated the relationship of microbial communities and disease-specific markers via multivariate- and network-based approaches. We found a slightly decreased diversity in the fecal microbiota of patients with AD (average Chao1 diversity for AD = 212 [SD = 66]; for controls = 215 [SD = 55]) and identified differences in bacterial abundances including Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcus, Sutterella, and Porphyromonadaceae. The diversity in the oral microbiota was increased in patients with AD and at-risk individuals (average Chao1 diversity for AD = 174 [SD = 60], for at-risk group = 195 [SD = 49]). Gram-negative proinflammatory bacteria including Haemophilus, Neisseria, Actinobacillus, and Porphyromonas were dominant oral bacteria in patients with AD and MCI and the abundance correlated with the cerebrospinal fluid biomarker. Taken together, we observed a strong shift in the fecal and the oral communities of patients with AD already prominent in prodromal and, in case of the oral microbiota, in at-risk stages. This indicates stage-dependent alterations in oral and fecal microbiota in AD which may contribute to the pathogenesis via a facilitated intestinal and systemic inflammation leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Troci
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Philippen
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julius Rave
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Gina Weyland
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Katharina Niemann
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Katharina Jessen
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Lars-Patrick Schmill
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Schekeb Aludin
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bartsch
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
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Buccellato FR, Galimberti D, Tartaglia GM. Beyond dentistry: could prevention and screening for neurodegenerative diseases start in the dental office? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:156-157. [PMID: 37488860 PMCID: PMC10479844 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R. Buccellato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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8
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Moghadam MT, Mojtahedi A, Bakhshayesh B, Babakhani S, Ajorloo P, Shariati A, Mirzaei M, Heidarzadeh S, Jazi FM. The Effect of Bacterial Composition Shifts in the Oral Microbiota on Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:167-181. [PMID: 35986539 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666220819140748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurological disorder, despite significant advances in medical science, has not yet been definitively cured, and the exact causes of the disease remain unclear. Due to the importance of AD in the clinic, large expenses are spent annually to deal with this neurological disorder, and neurologists warn of an increase in this disease in elderly in the near future. It has been believed that microbiota dysbiosis leads to Alzheimer's as a multi-step disease. In this regard, the presence of footprints of perturbations in the oral microbiome and the predominance of pathogenic bacteria and their effect on the nervous system, especially AD, is a very interesting topic that has been considered by researchers in the last decade. Some studies have looked at the mechanisms by which oral microbiota cause AD. However, many aspects of this interaction are still unclear as to how oral microbiota composition can contribute to this disease. Understanding this interaction requires extensive collaboration by interdisciplinary researchers to explore all aspects of the issue. In order to reveal the link between the composition of the oral microbiota and this disease, researchers from various domains have sought to explain the mechanisms of shift in oral microbiota in AD in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Taati Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mojtahedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshayesh
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ajorloo
- Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Heidarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Templeton GB, Fefer G, Case BC, Roach J, Azcarate-Peril MA, Gruen ME, Callahan BJ, Olby NJ. Longitudinal Analysis of Canine Oral Microbiome Using Whole Genome Sequencing in Aging Companion Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3846. [PMID: 38136883 PMCID: PMC10740535 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged companion dogs have a high prevalence of periodontal disease and canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) and the two disorders are correlated. Similarly, periodontal disease and Alzheimer's Disease are correlated in people. However, little is known about the oral microbiota of aging dogs. The goal of this project was to characterize the longitudinal changes in oral microbiota in aged dogs. Oral swabs were taken from ten senior client-owned dogs on 2-3 occasions spanning 24 months and they underwent whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing. Cognitive status was established at each sampling time. A statistically significant increase in alpha diversity for bacterial and fungal species was observed between the first and last study visits. Bacteroidetes and proteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla. Porphyromonas gulae was the most abundant bacterial species (11.6% of total reads). The species Lactobacillus gasseri had a statistically significant increase in relative abundance with age whereas Leptotrichia sp. oral taxon 212 had a statistically significant positive longitudinal association with cognition score. There is an increased fungal and bacterial alpha diversity in aging dogs over time and nearly universal oral dysbiosis. The role of the oral microbiota, particularly Leptotrichia and P. gulae and P. gingivalis, in aging and CCDS warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginger B. Templeton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (M.E.G.)
| | - Gilad Fefer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (M.E.G.)
| | - Beth C. Case
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (M.E.G.)
| | - Jeff Roach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.)
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.R.)
| | - Margaret E. Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (M.E.G.)
| | - Benjamin J. Callahan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Natasha J. Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA (M.E.G.)
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Wiese LK, Pratt BA, Heinze K, Besser L, Ifill A(A, Williams CL. Community-Based Strategies to Reduce Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Incidence Among Rural, Racially/Ethnically Diverse Older Adults. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2023; 12:205-219. [PMID: 38223294 PMCID: PMC10783445 DOI: 10.1007/s13670-023-00400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this paper was to address the research question "What recent advances in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) risk reduction strategies can be tailored for rural, racially/ethnically diverse populations?" A rural resident's life story that grounded the work is shared. Next, a brief description is provided regarding ADRD risk factors of importance in rural, multicultural settings. Gaps in U.S.-based research are highlighted. Policy actions and interventions that may make a difference in alleviating rural, ADRD-related disparities are offered. Recent Findings More than a dozen factors, including lack of built environment, periodontitis, poor air quality, and sensory loss, were identified that are of particular relevance to rural groups. Evidence of importance to underserved residents has also emerged regarding the harmful effects of ultra-processed foods on brain health, benefits of even minimal physical activity, and importance of social engagement, on brain health. Summary Resident-led initiatives will be key to creating change at the community level. Health providers are also called to assist in identifying and adapting culturally specific upstream approaches, in partnership with community stakeholders. These mechanisms are vital for decreasing ADRD burdens in underserved communities facing the largest disparities in preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kirk Wiese
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
| | - Beth A. Pratt
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
| | - Katherine Heinze
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
| | - Lilah Besser
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Antoinita (Annie) Ifill
- Palm Health Foundation/Community Partners of South Florida, 491 E. Main Street Suite 5A, Pahokee FL 33476, USA
| | - Christine L. Williams
- C. E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Mail Code #84, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA
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11
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Municio C, Carro E. Implication of salivary lactoferrin and periodontal-mediated infections in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2691-2692. [PMID: 37449625 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Municio
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Yoo JE, Huh Y, Park SH, Han K, Park HS, Cho KH, Ahn JS, Jun SH, Nam GE. Association between Dental Diseases and Oral Hygiene Care and the Risk of Dementia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1924-1930.e3. [PMID: 37709259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of dental diseases and oral hygiene care with the risk of dementia. DESIGN Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a population-based study of individuals in the Korean National Health Insurance System. A total of 2,555,618 participants who underwent cardiovascular and dental screenings in 2008 were included. METHODS Dental diseases including periodontal diseases, dental caries, and tooth loss were assessed by dentists. Information on oral hygiene care, including professional dental cleaning and the frequency of tooth brushing, was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Study outcomes were all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). RESULTS Periodontal diseases [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.09], dental caries (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), and 8-14 missing teeth (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. In contrast, either professional dental cleaning or frequent tooth brushing were associated with decreased risks of all-cause dementia (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89-0.93 each; aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86 for both). The increased risks by dental diseases were reduced by oral hygiene care: periodontal diseases with professional dental cleaning (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.98) or tooth brushing ≥2 times/day (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00) and 1 to 7 missing teeth with professional dental cleaning (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.98) or tooth brushing ≥2 times/day (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.95). Consistent results were noted for AD and VaD and in various subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Periodontal disease, dental caries, and a high number of missing teeth were independently associated with a higher risk of dementia. Conversely, improved oral hygiene care, such as professional dental cleaning and frequent tooth brushing, may modify the risk of dementia associated with dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Huh
- Department of Family Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Ahn
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Jun
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Azevedo MJ, Garcia A, Costa CF, Ferreira AF, Falcão-Pires I, Brandt BW, Ramalho C, Zaura E, Sampaio-Maia B. The contribution of maternal factors to the oral microbiota of the child: Influence from early life and clinical relevance. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:191-202. [PMID: 37415593 PMCID: PMC10320028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mother represents one of the earliest sources of microorganisms to the child, influencing the acquisition and establishment of its microbiota in early life. However, the impact of the mother on the oral microbiota of the child from early life until adulthood remains to unveil. This narrative review aims to: i) explore the maternal influence on the oral microbiota of the child, ii) summarize the similarity between the oral microbiota of mother and child over time, iii) understand possible routes for vertical transmission, and iv) comprehend the clinical significance of this process for the child. We first describe the acquisition of the oral microbiota of the child and maternal factors related to this process. We compare the similarity between the oral microbiota of mother and child throughout time, while presenting possible routes for vertical transmission. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of the mother in the pathophysiological outcome of the child. Overall, maternal and non-maternal factors impact the oral microbiota of the child through several mechanisms, although the consequences in the long term are still unclear. More longitudinal research is needed to unveil the importance of early-life microbiota on the future health of the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Azevedo
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreia Garcia
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina F.F.A. Costa
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre – UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre – UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Ramalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Egija Zaura
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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14
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Bello-Corral L, Alves-Gomes L, Fernández-Fernández JA, Fernández-García D, Casado-Verdejo I, Sánchez-Valdeón L. Implications of gut and oral microbiota in neuroinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2023; 333:122132. [PMID: 37793482 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
A diverse and stable microbiota promotes a healthy state, nevertheless, an imbalance in gut or oral bacterial composition, called dysbiosis, can cause gastrointestinal disorders, systemic inflammatory states and oxidative stress, among others. Recently, gut and oral dysbiosis has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia and a public health priority due to its high prevalence and incidence. The aim of this review is to highlight the implications of gut and oral microbiota in the neuroinflammation characteristic of AD pathology and the subsequent cognitive impairment. It is a systematic review of the current literature obtained by searching the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The characteristic intestinal dysbiosis in AD patients leads to increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and activates immune cells in the central nervous system due to translocation of microbiota-derived metabolites and/or bacteria into the circulation leading to increased neuroinflammation and neuronal loss, thus generating the cognitive impairment characteristic of AD. The presence in the central nervous system of Porphyromonas gingivalis can cause an increased neuroinflammation and beta-amyloid peptide accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bello-Corral
- Health Research Nursing Group (GREIS), University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Antonio Fernández-Fernández
- Health Research Nursing Group (GREIS), University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández-García
- Health Research Nursing Group (GREIS), University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - Inés Casado-Verdejo
- Health Research Nursing Group (GREIS), University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, 24401, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón
- Health Research Nursing Group (GREIS), University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain; Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Leon, 24071, Leon, Spain.
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15
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Eslami S, Hosseinzadeh Shakib N, Fooladfar Z, Nasrollahian S, Baghaei S, Mosaddad SA, Motamedifar M. The role of periodontitis-associated bacteria in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1059-1072. [PMID: 37311215 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease causes memory loss and dementia in older adults through a neurodegenerative mechanism. Despite the pathophysiological clarification of this cognitive disorder, novel molecular and cellular pathways should be identified to determine its exact mechanism. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by senile plaques comprising beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau as a microtubule-associated protein with a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Periodontitis through inflammatory pathways is a risk factor for deteriorating cognitive impairment in AD patients. Poor oral hygiene coupled with immunocompromised status in older adults causes periodontal diseases and chronic inflammations through an oral bacterial imbalance. Toxic bacterial products, including bacteria themselves, can reach the central nervous system through the bloodstream and evoke inflammatory responses. The present review was conducted to investigate relationships between AD and periodontitis-involved bacteria as a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Eslami
- Research Central Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Fooladfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Nasrollahian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saman Baghaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Yang L, Cheng T, Shao J. Perspective on receptor-associated immune response to Candida albicans single and mixed infections: Implications for therapeutics in oropharyngeal candidiasis. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad077. [PMID: 37533203 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), commonly known as 'thrush', is an oral infection that usually dismantles oral mucosal integrity and malfunctions local innate and adaptive immunities in compromised individuals. The major pathogen responsible for the occurrence and progression of OPC is the dimorphic opportunistic commensal Candida albicans. However, the incidence induced by non-albicans Candida species including C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei are increasing in company with several oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, S. gordonii, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. In this review, the microbiological and infection features of C. albicans and its co-contributors in the pathogenesis of OPC are outlined. Since the invasion and concomitant immune response lie firstly on the recognition of oral pathogens through diverse cellular surface receptors, we subsequently emphasize the roles of epidermal growth factor receptor, ephrin-type receptor 2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor located on oral epithelial cells to delineate the underlying mechanism by which host immune recognition to oral pathogens is mediated. Based on these observations, the therapeutic approaches to OPC comprising conventional and non-conventional antifungal agents, fungal vaccines, cytokine and antibody therapies, and antimicrobial peptide therapy are finally overviewed. In the face of newly emerging life-threatening microbes (C. auris and SARS-CoV-2), risks (biofilm formation and interconnected translocation among diverse organs), and complicated clinical settings (HIV and oropharyngeal cancer), the research on OPC is still a challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Laboratory of Anti-infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, P. R. China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Anti-infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Anti-infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, P. R. China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, P. R. China
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17
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Sun L, Du X, Kuang H, Sun H, Luo W, Yang C. Stem cell-based therapy in periodontal regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:492. [PMID: 37454056 PMCID: PMC10350264 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a common and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of the tooth surrounding tissues, especially intrabony defects, which eventually lead to tooth loss. In recent years, stem cell-based therapy for periodontitis has been gradually applied to the clinic, but whether stem cell-based therapy plays a positive role in periodontal regeneration is unclear at present. METHODS The clinical studies related to the evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells for periodontal regeneration in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (WOS), Embase, Scopus, Wanfang and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched in June 2023. The inclusion criteria required the studies to compare the efficacy of stem cell-based therapy with stem cell free therapy for the treatment periodontitis, and to have a follow-up for at least six months. Two evaluators searched, screened, and assessed the quality and the risk of bias in the included studies independently. Review Manager 5.4 software was used to perform the meta-analysis, and GRADEpro GDT was used to evaluate the level of the evidence. RESULTS Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 118 patients were analyzed. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that stem cell-based therapy showed better therapeutic effects on clinical attachment level (CAL) (MD = - 1.18, 95% CI = - 1.55, - 0.80, P < 0.00001), pocket probing depth (PPD) (MD = - 0.75, 95% CI = - 1.35, - 0.14, P = 0.020), and linear distance from bone crest to bottom of defect (BC-BD)( MD = - 0.95, 95% CI = - 1.67, - 0.23, P = 0.010) compared with cell-free group. However, stem cell-based therapy presented insignificant effects on gingival recession (P = 0.14), linear distance from cementoenamel junction to bottom of defect (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that stem cell-based therapy may be beneficial for CAL, PPD and BC-BD. Due to the limited number of studies included, the strength of the results in this analysis was affected to a certain extent. The high-quality RCTs with large sample size, multi-blind, multi-centric are still required, and the methodological and normative clinical study protocol should be established and executed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinya Du
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, 518109, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifang Kuang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570102, Haikou, Hainan, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Honglan Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570102, Haikou, Hainan, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570102, Haikou, Hainan, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, 571199, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, 518109, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Research and Development Department, Shenzhen Uni-medica technology Co., Ltd, Liuxian Culture Park, 518051, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Stoy S, McMillan A, Ericsson AC, Brooks AE. The effect of physical and psychological stress on the oral microbiome. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166168. [PMID: 37476093 PMCID: PMC10354664 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The oral microbiome is incredibly complex, containing a diverse complement of microbiota that has previously been categorized into 6 broad phyla. While techniques such as next-generation sequencing have contributed to a better understanding of the composition of the oral microbiome, the role it plays in human health and disease is still under investigation. Previous studies have identified that a more diverse microbiome is advantageous for health. Therefore, alterations to the physical or mental health that are of interest in this study, such as stress, are the factors that decrease microbial diversity, leading to the potential for dysbiosis and disease disposition. Intensive Surgical Skills Week (ISSW) is a hyper-realistic simulation training week for military medical students that takes place at the Strategic Operations (STOPS) facility in San Diego, CA. This training week puts students through mass causality simulations and requires them to work through distinct roles within the healthcare team, providing an almost ideal environment to assess the impact of acute stress on oral microbiome diversity. Based on the literature on stress and microbiota, we hypothesized that the high stress simulation events at ISSW will impact the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome. Methods To investigate this hypothesis, thirty-seven (n = 37) second-or third-year medical students who are enlisted in a branch of the military and who attended ISSW in July of 2021 were included in the study. Student participants were divided into 7 teams to complete the hyper-realistic simulations (SIMs) at ISSW. A pilot of sixty-four buccal samples (n = 64) from three of the seven teams were sent for analysis at the University of Missouri Metagenomic Center. Results We saw an overall increase in species richness at the end of ISSW when looking at all samples (n = 64). Fourteen significantly different bacteria were identified from the beginning to the end of data collection. Additionally, third year medical students appear to have a greater species richness compared to second year medical students. Further, third year medical students had a statically significant difference in their oral microbiome richness from beginning to end of data collection (p = 0.008). Conclusion Our preliminary data indicates that physical and psychological stress can impact the composition of the oral microbiome. The analyses in this study show that using the oral microbiome as an indicator of stress is promising and may provide evidence to support stress management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna Stoy
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Amanda E. Brooks
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activity, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
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19
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Municio C, Carro E. Aquaporin 5 in Alzheimer's disease: a link between oral and brain pathology? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1491-1492. [PMID: 36571348 PMCID: PMC10075123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Municio
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12); Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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López-Villodres JA, Escamilla A, Mercado-Sáenz S, Alba-Tercedor C, Rodriguez-Perez LM, Arranz-Salas I, Sanchez-Varo R, Bermúdez D. Microbiome Alterations and Alzheimer's Disease: Modeling Strategies with Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1846. [PMID: 37509487 PMCID: PMC10377071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been gaining momentum in the context of many neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes, respectively. Notably, a balanced gut microbiota contributes to the epithelial intestinal barrier maintenance, modulates the host immune system, and releases neurotransmitters and/or neuroprotective short-chain fatty acids. However, dysbiosis may provoke immune dysregulation, impacting neuroinflammation through peripheral-central immune communication. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide or detrimental microbial end-products can cross the blood-brain barrier and induce or at least potentiate the neuropathological progression of AD. Thus, after repeated failure to find a cure for this dementia, a necessary paradigmatic shift towards considering AD as a systemic disorder has occurred. Here, we present an overview of the use of germ-free and/or transgenic animal models as valid tools to unravel the connection between dysbiosis, metabolic diseases, and AD, and to investigate novel therapeutical targets. Given the high impact of dietary habits, not only on the microbiota but also on other well-established AD risk factors such as diabetes or obesity, consistent changes of lifestyle along with microbiome-based therapies should be considered as complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escamilla
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Mercado-Sáenz
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Alba-Tercedor
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Rodriguez-Perez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz-Salas
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Unidad de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Bermúdez
- Departamento Fisiologia Humana, Histologia Humana, Anatomia Patologica y Educacion Fisica y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Almarhoumi R, Alvarez C, Harris T, Tognoni CM, Paster BJ, Carreras I, Dedeoglu A, Kantarci A. Microglial cell response to experimental periodontal disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:142. [PMID: 37316834 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microglial activation is critical for modulating the neuroinflammatory process and the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are involved in forming barriers around extracellular neuritic plaques and the phagocytosis of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that periodontal disease (PD) as a source of infection alters inflammatory activation and Aβ phagocytosis by the microglial cells. METHODS Experimental PD was induced using ligatures in C57BL/6 mice for 1, 10, 20, and 30 days to assess the progression of PD. Animals without ligatures were used as controls. Maxillary bone loss and local periodontal tissue inflammation associated with the development of PD were confirmed by morphometric bone analysis and cytokine expression, respectively. The frequency and the total number of activated microglia (CD45+ CD11b+ MHCII+) in the brain were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mouse microglial cells (1 × 105) were incubated with heat-inactivated bacterial biofilm isolated from the ligatures retrieved from the teeth or with Klebsiella variicola, a relevant PD-associated bacteria in mice. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors (TLR), and receptors for phagocytosis was measured by quantitative PCR. The phagocytic capacity of microglia to uptake β-amyloid was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Ligature placement caused progressive periodontal disease and bone resorption that was already significant on day 1 post-ligation (p < 0.05) and continued to increase until day 30 (p < 0.0001). The severity of periodontal disease increased the frequency of activated microglia in the brains on day 30 by 36%. In parallel, heat-inactivated PD-associated total bacteria and Klebsiella variicola increased the expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR2, and TLR9 in microglial cells (1.6-, 83-, 3.2-, 1.5-, 1.5-fold, respectively p < 0.01). Incubation of microglia with Klebsiella variicola increased the Aβ-phagocytosis by 394% and the expression of the phagocytic receptor MSR1 by 33-fold compared to the non-activated cells (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We showed that inducing PD in mice results in microglia activation in vivo and that PD-associated bacteria directly promote a pro-inflammatory and phagocytic phenotype in microglia. These results support a direct role of PD-associated pathogens in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Almarhoumi
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Theodore Harris
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christina M Tognoni
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Research and Development Service, Building 1A-(151), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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22
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Weber C, Dilthey A, Finzer P. The role of microbiome-host interactions in the development of Alzheimer´s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151021. [PMID: 37333848 PMCID: PMC10272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is often assumed that AD is caused by an aggregation of extracellular beta-amyloid and intracellular tau-protein, supported by a recent study showing reduced brain amyloid levels and reduced cognitive decline under treatment with a beta-amyloid-binding antibody. Confirmation of the importance of amyloid as a therapeutic target notwithstanding, the underlying causes of beta-amyloid aggregation in the human brain, however, remain to be elucidated. Multiple lines of evidence point towards an important role of infectious agents and/or inflammatory conditions in the etiology of AD. Various microorganisms have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of AD-patients and have thus been hypothesized to be linked to the development of AD, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and Spirochaetes. Intriguingly, these microorganisms are also found in the oral cavity under normal physiological conditions, which is often affected by multiple pathologies like caries or tooth loss in AD patients. Oral cavity pathologies are mostly accompanied by a compositional shift in the community of oral microbiota, mainly affecting commensal microorganisms and referred to as 'dysbiosis'. Oral dysbiosis seems to be at least partly mediated by key pathogens such as PG, and it is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that promotes the destruction of connective tissue in the mouth, possibly enabling the translocation of pathogenic microbiota from the oral cavity to the nervous system. It has therefore been hypothesized that dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may contribute to the development of AD. In this review, we discuss the infectious hypothesis of AD in the light of the oral microbiome and microbiome-host interactions, which may contribute to or even cause the development of AD. We discuss technical challenges relating to the detection of microorganisms in relevant body fluids and approaches for avoiding false-positives, and introduce the antibacterial protein lactoferrin as a potential link between the dysbiotic microbiome and the host inflammatory reaction.
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23
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Mosaddad SA, Mahootchi P, Safari S, Rahimi H, Aghili SS. Interactions between systemic diseases and oral microbiota shifts in the aging community: A narrative review. J Basic Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37173818 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As a gateway to general health and a diverse microbial habitat, the oral cavity is colonized by numerous microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Oral microbiota plays an essential role in preserving oral health. Besides, the oral cavity also significantly contributes to systemic health. Physiological aging influences all body systems, including the oral microbial inhabitants. The cited effect can cause diseases by forming dysbiotic communities. Since it has been demonstrated that microbial dysbiosis could disturb the symbiosis state between the host and the resident microorganism, shifting the condition toward a more pathogenic one, this study investigated how the oral microbial shifts in aging could associate with the development or progression of systemic diseases in older adults. The current study focused on the interactions between variations in the oral microbiome and prevalent diseases in older adults, including diabetes mellitus, Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, oral candidiasis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and glaucoma. Underlying diseases can dynamically modify the oral ecology and the composition of its resident oral microbiome. Clinical, experimental, and epidemiological research suggests the associations of systemic disorders with bacteremia and inflammation after oral microbial changes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pegah Mahootchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajedeh Safari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hussein Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Aghili
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Li Z, Fu R, Huang X, Wen X, Zhang L. A decade of progress: bibliometric analysis of trends and hotspots in oral microbiome research (2013-2022). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1195127. [PMID: 37249977 PMCID: PMC10213461 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1195127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past decade, a plethora of studies have delved into the oral microbiome. Our objective was to evaluate the trends in oral microbiome research employing a quantitative approach. Materials and methods We extracted clinical studies on the oral microbiome published between 2013 and 2022 from the Web of Science database, yielding 3024 articles. The assembled literature was visually scrutinized using VOSviewer 1.6.18, Citespace 6.1.6, Pajek, Scimago Graphica, and other specialized software to assess authors, institutions, countries, journals, co-cited literature, keywords, genes, and diseases. Results Our analysis identified a total of 3024 articles. The volume and rate of annual publications steadily increased, with research interest in the oral microbiome progressively intensifying. The United States, China, and the UK contributed the highest number of publications. Growth rates of publications varied among countries over time. The Forsyth Institute emerged as the most collaborative institution, boasting the highest number of relevant papers (135) and securing the top rank, followed by Sichuan University and Harvard University. Paster Bruce J, Zhou Xuedong, and He Xuesong were pioneers in the field of oral microbiome research. This analysis demonstrates that the homeostatic balance of the oral microbiome, advanced microbial sequencing technology, connections with gut microbiota, and tumorigenesis, including oral cancer, have become emerging topics in the oral microbiome field. Conclusions This study delineated a comprehensive landscape of hotspots and frontiers in oral microbiome research, thus facilitating the identification of interdisciplinary advancements. We sincerely hope that our bibliometric analysis will enable researchers to leverage the oral microbiome to ultimately improve human oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xutao Wen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center of Head and Neck Oncology Clinical and Translational Science, Shanghai, China
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25
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Guo H, Li B, Yao H, Liu D, Chen R, Zhou S, Ji Y, Zeng L, Du M. Profiling the oral microbiomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1341-1355. [PMID: 34931394 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the characteristics of the oral microbiomes and expected to find biomarkers about Alzheimer's disease (AD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS AD patients (n = 26) and cognitive intact people (n = 26) were examined for cognition, depression, oral health and collected saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the morning. Full-length 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequencing was performed using the PacBio platform. RESULTS The predominant bacterium of salivary microbiome and periodontal microbiome from AD patients was Streptococcus oralis and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. With respect to β diversity analysis, there was a significance difference in periodontal microbiome between AD patients and cognitively intact subjects. The relative abundance of Veillonella parvula significantly increased in oral microbiomes from AD patients. Interestingly, the dominant species were different between early-onset AD and late-onset AD patients. Moreover, the predominant species were changed as the clinical severity of AD. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that V. parvula was associated with AD in both saliva and GCF and that P. gingivalis was associated with AD only in GCF. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the microbiome community of oral microbes was altered in AD patients and periodontal microbiome was sensitive to cognition changes. Moreover, V. parvula and P. gingivalis were associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Biao Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hantao Yao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rourong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhui Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minquan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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26
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Jin R, Ning X, Liu X, Zhao Y, Ye G. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis could contribute to cognitive impairment in Sprague–Dawley rats via the P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1141339. [PMID: 37056710 PMCID: PMC10086325 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1141339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPeriodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases and has been shown to be a risk factor for systemic diseases. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and cognitive impairment and to explore the role of the P38 MAPK signaling pathway in this process.MethodsWe established a periodontitis model by ligating the first molars of SD rats with silk thread and injecting Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) or P. gingivalis plus the P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 at the same time for ten weeks. We assessed alveolar bone resorption and spatial learning and memory using microcomputed tomography and the Morris water maze test, respectively. We used transcriptome sequencing to explore the genetic differences between the groups. The gingival tissue, peripheral blood and hippocampal tissue were assessed for the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and C reactive protein (CRP) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). We observed the presence of P. gingivalis in the hippocampus of rats by paraffin-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We determined the activation of microglia by immunofluorescence. Finally, Western blot analysis was employed to determine the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and P38MAPK pathway activation.ResultsWe demonstrated that silk ligature-induced periodontitis plus injection of P. gingivalis into subgingival tissue could lead to memory and cognitive impairment. Transcriptome sequencing results suggested that there were neurodegenerative diseases in the P. gingivalis group, and the MWM test showed that periodontitis reduced the spatial learning and memory ability of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) model rats. We found high levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and CRP in the gingiva, peripheral blood and hippocampus, and the expression of APP and BACE1 was upregulated, as was the P38 MAPK pathway activation. Activated microglia and the presence of P. gingivalis were also found in the hippocampus. P38 MAPK inhibitors mitigated all of these changes.ConclusionOur findings strongly suggest that topical application of P. gingivalis increases the inflammatory burden in the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS) and that neuroinflammation induced by activation of P38 MAPK leads to impaired learning and memory in SD rats. It can also modulate APP processing. Therefore, P38 MAPK may serve as a linking pathway between periodontitis and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Ning
- The First People’s Hospital of Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Guo Ye,
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27
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Prajjwal P, Asharaf S, Makhanasa D, Yamparala A, Tariq H, Aleti S, Gadam S, Vora N. Association of Alzheimer's dementia with oral bacteria, vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine levels, and insulin resistance along with its pathophysiology, genetics, imaging, and biomarkers. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101546. [PMID: 36931946 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent form of dementia, particularly among the elderly population. It is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Despite numerous studies, the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain, and various theories have been proposed, including Aβ amyloid deposition in the brain and tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. This review article explores the potential pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the effects of derangements in the levels of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine, as well as the impact of oral bacteria causing periodontitis and insulin resistance, and their relationship to Alzheimer's. Studies have shown that high levels of homocysteine and low levels of vitamin B12 and folate, are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The article also explores the link between Alzheimer's disease and oral bacteria, specifically dental infections and periodontitis, which contribute to the inflammatory processes in the nervous system of Alzheimer's patients. There could be derangement in the insulin signaling further causing disruption in glucose metabolism within the brain, suggesting that Alzheimer's disease may represent a form of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with the brain, commonly known as type 3 diabetes. Neuroimaging techniques, including MRI, PET, and tau PET, can identify the predictive characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, with amyloid PET being the most useful in ruling out the disease. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding genetic and neuroimaging factors in the diagnosing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahnaz Asharaf
- Internal Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Halla Tariq
- Internal Medicine, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Soumya Aleti
- Internal Medicine, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA, USA
| | - Srikanth Gadam
- Internal Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, USA
| | - Neel Vora
- Internal Medicine, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
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28
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Kazarina A, Kuzmicka J, Bortkevica S, Zayakin P, Kimsis J, Igumnova V, Sadovska D, Freimane L, Kivrane A, Namina A, Capligina V, Poksane A, Ranka R. Oral microbiome variations related to ageing: possible implications beyond oral health. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:116. [PMID: 36920536 PMCID: PMC10016173 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The global population is getting older due to a combination of longer life expectancy and declining birth rates. Growing evidence suggests that the oral microbiota composition and distribution may have a profound effect on how well we age. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related oral microbiome variations of supragingival plaque and buccal mucosa samples in the general population in Latvia. Our results indicated significant difference between supragingival plaque bacterial profiles of three age groups (20-40; 40-60; 60 + years). Within supragingival plaque samples, age group 20-40 showed the highest bacterial diversity with a decline during the 40-60 age period and uprise again after the age of 60. Among other differences, the important oral commensal Neisseria had declined after the age of 40. Additionally, prevalence of two well-documented opportunistic pathogens Streptococcus anginosus and Gemella sanguinis gradually rose with age within our samples. Furthermore, supragingival plaque and buccal mucosa samples significantly differed in overall bacterial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Kazarina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
| | | | - Santa Bortkevica
- Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str., Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Janis Kimsis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Igumnova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Darja Sadovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Lauma Freimane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Agne Namina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valentina Capligina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Alise Poksane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
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29
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Kapoor B, Gulati M, Gupta R, Singla RK. Microbiota dysbiosis and myasthenia gravis: Do all roads lead to Rome? Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103313. [PMID: 36918089 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated immune system with a failure to recognize self from non-self-antigens is one of the common pathogeneses seen in autoimmune diseases. The complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors is important for the occurrence and development of the disease. Among the environmental factors, disturbed gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) has recently attracted particular attention, especially with advancement in human microbiome research. Although the alterations in microbiota have been seen in various autoimmune diseases, including those of nervous system, there is paucity of information on neuromuscular system diseases. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one such rare autoimmune disease of neuromuscular junction, and is caused by generation of pathogenic autoantibodies to components of the postsynaptic muscle endplate. In the recent years, accumulating evidences have endorsed the key role of host microbiota, particularly those of gut, in the pathogenesis of MG. Differential microbiota composition, characterized by increased abundance of Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and decreased abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, has been seen in MG patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Disturbance of microbiota composition, particularly reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, alter the gut permeability, subsequently triggering the immunological response. Resultant reduction in levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is another factor contributing to the immunological response in MG patients. Modulation of gut microbiota via intervention of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics (metabiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered to be the futuristic approach for the management of MG. This review summarizes the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites (postbiotics) in the progression of MG. Also, various bacteriotherapeutic approaches involving gut microbiota are discussed for the prevention of MG progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road, 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
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30
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Cho E, Jeon SJ, Jeon J, Yi JH, Kwon H, Kwon HJ, Kwon KJ, Moon M, Shin CY, Kim DH. Phyllodulcin improves hippocampal long-term potentiation in 5XFAD mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114511. [PMID: 36913892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known neurodegenerative brain disease, and no curative treatment has yet been developed. The main symptoms include various brain lesions, caused by amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, and cognitive decline. Therefore, it is believed that substances that control Aβ will inhibit the onset of Alzheimer's disease and slow its progression. In this study, the effect of phyllodulcin, a major component of hydrangea, on Aβ aggregation and brain pathology in an animal model of AD was studied. Phyllodulcin inhibited the aggregation of Aβ and decomposed the pre-aggregated Aβ in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, it inhibited the cytotoxicity of Aβ aggregates. Oral administration of phyllodulcin improved Aβ-induced memory impairments in normal mice, reduced Aβ deposition in the hippocampus, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and improved synaptic plasticity in 5XFAD mice. These results suggest that phyllodulcin may be a candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Yi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Molinero N, Antón-Fernández A, Hernández F, Ávila J, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Gut Microbiota, an Additional Hallmark of Human Aging and Neurodegeneration. Neuroscience 2023; 518:141-161. [PMID: 36893982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms harbouring the gastrointestinal tract, which influences host health and disease. Bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract begins at birth and changes throughout life, with age being one of the conditioning factors for its vitality. Aging is also a primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, Alzheimeŕs disease (AD) is probably the one where its association with a state of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been most studied. In particular, intestinal microbial-derived metabolites have been associated with β-amyloid formation and brain amyloid deposition, tau phosphorylation, as well as neuroinflammation in AD patients. Moreover, it has been suggested that some oral bacteria increase the risk of developing AD. However, the causal connections among microbiome, amyloid-tau interaction, and neurodegeneration need to be addressed. This paper summarizes the emerging evidence in the literature regarding the link between the oral and gut microbiome and neurodegeneration with a focus on AD. Taxonomic features of bacteria as well as microbial functional alterations associated with AD biomarkers are the main points reviewed. Data from clinical studies as well as the link between microbiome and clinical determinants of AD are particularly emphasized. Further, relationships between gut microbiota and age-dependent epigenetic changes and other neurological disorders are also described. Together, all this evidence suggests that, in some sense, gut microbiota can be seen as an additional hallmark of human aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Molinero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM. c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Antón-Fernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM. c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM. c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC-UAM. c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM. c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9. 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM. c/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9. 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Loughman A, Adler CJ, Macpherson H. Unlocking Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Does the Oral Microbiome Hold Some of the Keys? J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1111-1129. [PMID: 36872775 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is recognized as the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however approximately one third of dementia cases are attributable to modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Recent research also implicates oral health and the oral microbiome in AD risk and pathophysiology. The oral microbiome contributes to the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathology of AD via the inflammatory, vascular, neurotoxic, and oxidative stress pathways of known modifiable risk factors. This review proposes a conceptual framework that integrates the emerging evidence regarding the oral microbiome with established modifiable risk factors. There are numerous mechanisms by which the oral microbiome may interact with AD pathophysiology. Microbiota have immunomodulatory functions, including the activation of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inflammation can affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, which in turn modulates translocation of bacteria and their metabolites to brain parenchyma. Amyloid-β is an antimicrobial peptide, a feature which may in part explain its accumulation. There are microbial interactions with cardiovascular health, glucose tolerance, physical activity, and sleep, suggesting that these modifiable lifestyle risk factors of dementia may have microbial contributors. There is mounting evidence to suggest the relevance of oral health practices and the microbiome to AD. The conceptual framework presented here additionally demonstrates the potential for the oral microbiome to comprise a mechanistic intermediary between some lifestyle risk factors and AD pathophysiology. Future clinical studies may identify specific oral microbial targets and the optimum oral health practices to reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina J Adler
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Deakin University, IPAN - the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Gancz AS, Weyrich LS. Studying ancient human oral microbiomes could yield insights into the evolutionary history of noncommunicable diseases. F1000Res 2023; 12:109. [PMID: 37065506 PMCID: PMC10090864 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129036.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have played a critical role in shaping human evolution and societies. Despite the exceptional impact of NCDs economically and socially, little is known about the prevalence or impact of these diseases in the past as most do not leave distinguishing features on the human skeleton and are not directly associated with unique pathogens. The inability to identify NCDs in antiquity precludes researchers from investigating how changes in diet, lifestyle, and environments modulate NCD risks in specific populations and from linking evolutionary processes to modern health patterns and disparities. In this review, we highlight how recent advances in ancient DNA (aDNA) sequencing and analytical methodologies may now make it possible to reconstruct NCD-related oral microbiome traits in past populations, thereby providing the first proxies for ancient NCD risk. First, we review the direct and indirect associations between modern oral microbiomes and NCDs, specifically cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. We then discuss how oral microbiome features associated with NCDs in modern populations may be used to identify previously unstudied sources of morbidity and mortality differences in ancient groups. Finally, we conclude with an outline of the challenges and limitations of employing this approach, as well as how they might be circumvented. While significant experimental work is needed to verify that ancient oral microbiome markers are indeed associated with quantifiable health and survivorship outcomes, this new approach is a promising path forward for evolutionary health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Gancz
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
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Wei T, Du Y, Hou T, Zhai C, Li Y, Xiao W, Liu K. Association between adverse oral conditions and cognitive impairment: A literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1147026. [PMID: 37089515 PMCID: PMC10117837 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1147026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral environment deterioration results from a lack of self-cleaning ability in patients with cognitive dysfunction but is also a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Adverse oral conditions can be alleviated and improved through a self-management and medical examination. In this review, the epidemiological evidence of previous studies is integrated to highlight the relationship between periodontitis, tooth loss, oral flora, oral dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of oral health for cognition. The results show that poor oral condition is associated with cognitive impairment. Although many previous studies have been conducted, there is a lack of higher-level research evidence, different judgment criteria, and conflicting research results. There is a bidirectional relationship between oral health and cognitive dysfunction. A comprehensive analysis of the relationship between oral health and cognitive dysfunction that explores the relationship and takes measures to prevent cognitive dysfunction and control the progression of such diseases is warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunjuan Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Keke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Infection Control, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Yang Y, Lv J, Bai H, Ren L, Yang J, Ding Y, Liu C, Chen X. Periodontal Status and Saliva Metabolic Signature in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:603-613. [PMID: 37424468 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing the periodontal status of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), investigating differences in salivary metabolism between patients with and without AD under the same periodontal conditions, and understanding how it is related to oral flora are critical. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the periodontal condition of patients with AD and to screen salivary metabolic biomarkers from the saliva of individuals with and without AD with matched periodontal conditions. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the possible relationship between salivary metabolic changes and oral flora. METHODS In total, 79 individuals were recruited into the experiment for periodontal analysis. Especially, 30 saliva samples from the AD group and 30 from healthy controls (HCs) with matched periodontal conditions were selected for metabolomic analysis. The random-forest algorithm was used to detect candidate biomarkers. Among these, 19 AD saliva and 19 HC samples were selected to investigate the microbiological factors influencing the alterations in saliva metabolism in patients with AD. RESULTS The plaque index and bleeding on probing were considerably higher in the AD group. Further, Cis-3-(1-carboxy-ethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol, dodecanoic acid, genipic acid, and N, N-dimethylthanolamine N-oxide were determined as candidate biomarkers, based on the area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.95). The results of oral-flora sequencing showed that dysbacteriosis may be a reason for the differences in AD saliva metabolism. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of the proportion of specific bacterial flora in saliva plays a vital role in metabolic changes in AD. These results will contribute to further improving the AD saliva biomarker system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gancz AS, Weyrich LS. Studying ancient human oral microbiomes could yield insights into the evolutionary history of noncommunicable diseases. F1000Res 2023; 12:109. [PMID: 37065506 PMCID: PMC10090864 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129036.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have played a critical role in shaping human evolution and societies. Despite the exceptional impact of NCDs economically and socially, little is known about the prevalence or impact of these diseases in the past as most do not leave distinguishing features on the human skeleton and are not directly associated with unique pathogens. The inability to identify NCDs in antiquity precludes researchers from investigating how changes in diet, lifestyle, and environments modulate NCD risks in specific populations and from linking evolutionary processes to modern health patterns and disparities. In this review, we highlight how recent advances in ancient DNA (aDNA) sequencing and analytical methodologies may now make it possible to reconstruct NCD-related oral microbiome traits in past populations, thereby providing the first proxies for ancient NCD risk. First, we review the direct and indirect associations between modern oral microbiomes and NCDs, specifically cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. We then discuss how oral microbiome features associated with NCDs in modern populations may be used to identify previously unstudied sources of morbidity and mortality differences in ancient groups. Finally, we conclude with an outline of the challenges and limitations of employing this approach, as well as how they might be circumvented. While significant experimental work is needed to verify that ancient oral microbiome markers are indeed associated with quantifiable health and survivorship outcomes, this new approach is a promising path forward for evolutionary health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S Gancz
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
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Aragón-González A, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Its Involvement in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315271. [PMID: 36499600 PMCID: PMC9737531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized and dynamic compartment which regulates the uptake of molecules and solutes from the blood. The relevance of the maintenance of a healthy BBB underpinning disease prevention as well as the main pathomechanisms affecting BBB function will be detailed in this review. Barrier disruption is a common aspect in both neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism spectrum disorders. Throughout this review, conditions altering the BBB during the earliest and latest stages of life will be discussed, revealing common factors involved. Due to the barrier's role in protecting the brain from exogenous components and xenobiotics, drug delivery across the BBB is challenging. Potential therapies based on the BBB properties as molecular Trojan horses, among others, will be reviewed, as well as innovative treatments such as stem cell therapies. Additionally, due to the microbiome influence on the normal function of the brain, microflora modulation strategies will be discussed. Finally, future research directions are highlighted to address the current gaps in the literature, emphasizing the idea that common therapies for both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathologies exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aragón-González
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, SITraN, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)114-222-2257; Fax: +44-(0)114-222-2290
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Gupta N, Yadav VK, Gacem A, Al-Dossari M, Yadav KK, Abd El-Gawaad NS, Ben Khedher N, Choudhary N, Kumar P, Cavalu S. Deleterious Effect of Air Pollution on Human Microbial Community and Bacterial Flora: A Short Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315494. [PMID: 36497569 PMCID: PMC9738139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A balanced microbiota composition is requisite for normal physiological functions of the human body. However, several environmental factors such as air pollutants may perturb the human microbiota composition. It is noticeable that currently around 99% of the world's population is breathing polluted air. Air pollution's debilitating health impacts have been studied scrupulously, including in the human gut microbiota. Nevertheless, air pollution's impact on other microbiotas of the human body is less understood so far. In the present review, the authors have summarized and discussed recent studies' outcomes related to air pollution-driven microbiotas' dysbiosis (including oral, nasal, respiratory, gut, skin, and thyroid microbiotas) and its potential multi-organ health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Gupta
- Department of Medical Research & Development, River Engineering, Toy City, Ecotech-III, Greater Noida 201305, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science & Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar 332311, India
- Correspondence: (V.K.Y.); (S.C.)
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - M. Al-Dossari
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad 462044, India
| | - N. S. Abd El-Gawaad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Khedher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Thermal and Energy Systems Studies, National School of Engineering of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Nisha Choudhary
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Sciences, P P Savani University, Surat 394125, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.K.Y.); (S.C.)
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Liu Y, Qv W, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Ding C, Chu M, Chen F. The interplay between oral microbes and immune responses. Front Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1009018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral microbes play a critical role in maintaining oral homeostasis. Microbial dysbiosis promotes disease pathogenesis through several mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that microbial imbalance and sustained inflammation are involved in disease progression. The adverse interaction triggered by a host immune response to microorganisms can lead to oral and systemic diseases. Here, we reviewed how oral microbes communicate with hosts during the development of local and distant inflammation. Elucidation of these processes may reveal future directions in this field and the potential targets of novel biological therapies for oral and systemic diseases.
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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012289. [PMID: 36293176 PMCID: PMC9603886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and has an important impact on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the onset of motor and non-motor manifestations, and alterations in the GM composition accompany disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in PD onset and progression, but the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of GM modifying approaches remain to be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction on the involvement of GMBA in the disease, we present evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients. According to these data, we then review the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers and we highlight the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD. Finally, we analyze the mutual influence between commonly prescribed PD medications and gut-microbiota, and we offer insights on the involvement also of nasal and oral microbiota in PD pathology, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the role of microbial features in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Han N, Wen Y, Liu Z, Zhai J, Li S, Yin J. Advances in the roles and mechanisms of lignans against Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:960112. [PMID: 36313287 PMCID: PMC9596774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.960112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease associated with the memory and cognitive impairment. The occurrence of AD is due to the accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain tissue as well as the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in neurons, doing harm to the human health and even leading people to death. The development of neuroprotective drugs with small side effects and good efficacy is focused by scientists all over the world. Natural drugs extracted from herbs or plants have become the preferred resources for new candidate drugs. Lignans were reported to effectively protect nerve cells and alleviate memory impairment, suggesting that they might be a prosperous class of compounds in treating AD. Objective: To explore the roles and mechanisms of lignans in the treatment of neurological diseases, providing proofs for the development of lignans as novel anti-AD drugs. Methods: Relevant literature was extracted and retrieved from the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Elsevier, Science Direct, PubMed, SpringerLink, and Web of Science, taking lignan, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptosis, nerve regeneration, nerve protection as keywords. The functions and mechanisms of lignans against AD were summerized. Results: Lignans were found to have the effects of regulating vascular disorders, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, antagonizing NMDA receptor, suppressing AChE activity, improving gut microbiota, so as to strengthening nerve protection. Among them, dibenzocyclooctene lignans were most widely reported and might be the most prosperous category in the develpment of anti-AD drugs. Conclusion: Lignans displayed versatile roles and mechanisms in preventing the progression of AD in in vitro and in vivo models, supplying potential candidates for the treatment of nerrodegenerative diseases.
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Mancuso R, Agostini S, Appelt DM, Balin BJ. Editorial: Infection, inflammation, and neurodegeneration: A critical path to Alzheimer's disease, Volume II. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1044047. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1044047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tarawneh R, Penhos E. The gut microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: Complex and bidirectional interactions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104814. [PMID: 35934087 PMCID: PMC9637435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional alterations to the gut microbiome, referred to as gut dysbiosis, have emerged as potential key mediators of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis through the "gut -brain" axis. Emerging data from animal and clinical studies support an important role for gut dysbiosis in mediating neuroinflammation, central and peripheral immune dysregulation, abnormal brain protein aggregation, and impaired intestinal and brain barrier permeability, leading to neuronal loss and cognitive impairment. Gut dysbiosis has also been shown to directly influence various mechanisms involved in neuronal growth and repair, synaptic plasticity, and memory and learning functions. Aging and lifestyle factors including diet, exercise, sleep, and stress influence AD risk through gut dysbiosis. Furthermore, AD is associated with characteristic gut microbial signatures which offer value as potential markers of disease severity and progression. Together, these findings suggest the presence of a complex bidirectional relationship between AD and the gut microbiome and highlight the utility of gut modulation strategies as potential preventative or therapeutic strategies in AD. We here review the current literature regarding the role of the gut-brain axis in AD pathogenesis and its potential role as a future therapeutic target in AD treatment and/or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Memory and Aging, Alzheimer Disease Research Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Elena Penhos
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
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Nian Y, Hu X, Zhang R, Feng J, Du J, Li F, Bu L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Tao C. Mining on Alzheimer's diseases related knowledge graph to identity potential AD-related semantic triples for drug repurposing. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:407. [PMID: 36180861 PMCID: PMC9523633 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there are no effective treatments for most neurodegenerative diseases. Knowledge graphs can provide comprehensive and semantic representation for heterogeneous data, and have been successfully leveraged in many biomedical applications including drug repurposing. Our objective is to construct a knowledge graph from literature to study the relations between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chemicals, drugs and dietary supplements in order to identify opportunities to prevent or delay neurodegenerative progression. We collected biomedical annotations and extracted their relations using SemRep via SemMedDB. We used both a BERT-based classifier and rule-based methods during data preprocessing to exclude noise while preserving most AD-related semantic triples. The 1,672,110 filtered triples were used to train with knowledge graph completion algorithms (i.e., TransE, DistMult, and ComplEx) to predict candidates that might be helpful for AD treatment or prevention. RESULTS Among three knowledge graph completion models, TransE outperformed the other two (MR = 10.53, Hits@1 = 0.28). We leveraged the time-slicing technique to further evaluate the prediction results. We found supporting evidence for most highly ranked candidates predicted by our model which indicates that our approach can inform reliable new knowledge. CONCLUSION This paper shows that our graph mining model can predict reliable new relationships between AD and other entities (i.e., dietary supplements, chemicals, and drugs). The knowledge graph constructed can facilitate data-driven knowledge discoveries and the generation of novel hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Nian
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xinyue Hu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health System (PCHS) and the Institute for Health Informatics (IHI), University of Minnesota, 7-115A Weaver-Densford Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jingna Feng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jingcheng Du
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Fang Li
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Larry Bu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Yuji Zhang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St S, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (DBEI), the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 602 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Cui Tao
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Nie F, Wang L, Huang Y, Yang P, Gong P, Feng Q, Yang C. Characteristics of Microbial Distribution in Different Oral Niches of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:905653. [PMID: 36046741 PMCID: PMC9421053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, is closely associated with the presence of oral microbes. However, the microbiomes of different oral niches in OSCC patients and their association with OSCC have not been adequately characterized. In this study, 305 samples were collected from 65 OSCC patients, including tumor tissue, adjacent normal tissue (paracancerous tissue), cancer surface tissue, anatomically matched contralateral normal mucosa, saliva, and tongue coat. 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition, distribution, and co-occurrence network of different oral niches. The association between the microbiome and the clinical features of OSCC was also characterized. The oral microbiome of OSCC patients showed a regular ecological distribution. Tumor and paracancerous tissues were more microbially diverse than other oral niches. Cancer surface, contralateral normal mucosa, saliva, and tongue coat showed similar microbial compositions, especially the contralateral normal mucosa and saliva. Periodontitis-associated bacteria of the genera Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, and Aggregatibacter, and anaerobic bacteria were enriched in tumor samples. The microbiome was highly correlated with tumor clinicopathological features, with several genera (Lautropia, Asteroleplasma, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Pyramidobacter, Roseburia, and Propionibacterium) demonstrating a relatively high diagnostic power for OSCC metastasis, potentially providing an indicator for the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiao Nie
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Pizhang Gong
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Feng, ; Chengzhe Yang,
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Feng, ; Chengzhe Yang,
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Qian XH, Xie RY, Liu XL, Chen SD, Tang HD. Mechanisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Derived from Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1252-1266. [PMID: 35855330 PMCID: PMC9286902 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites derived from the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFAs participate a number of physiological and pathological processes in the human body, such as host metabolism, immune regulation, appetite regulation. Recent studies on gut-brain interaction have shown that SCFAs are important mediators of gut-brain interactions and are involved in the occurrence and development of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the current research on the potential roles and mechanisms of SCFAs in AD. First, we introduce the metabolic distribution, specific receptors and signaling pathways of SCFAs in human body. The concentration levels of SCFAs in AD patient/animal models are then summarized. In addition, we illustrate the effects and mechanisms of SCFAs on the cognitive level, pathological features (Aβ and tau) and neuroinflammation in AD. Finally, we analyze the translational value of SCFAs as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Ru-yan Xie
- Shanghai Guangci Memorial hospital, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201406, China.
| | - Sheng-di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sheng-di Chen () and Dr. Hui-dong Tang (), Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-dong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sheng-di Chen () and Dr. Hui-dong Tang (), Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Taati Moghadam M, Amirmozafari N, Mojtahedi A, Bakhshayesh B, Shariati A, Masjedian Jazi F. Association of perturbation of oral bacterial with incident of Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24483. [PMID: 35689551 PMCID: PMC9279996 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case-control study was designed to compare the composition of the predominant oral bacterial microbiome in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control group. SUBJECT A total of 30 adult participants (15 AD and 15 healthy individuals) were entered in this study. The composition of oral bacterial microbiome was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using bacterial 16S rDNA gene. The levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines in both groups were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS The loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia were significantly more abundant in the AD compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans were relatively frequent in the AD group, no significance difference was observed in their copy number between two groups. Although the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were higher in the AD group, there was a significant difference in their levels between the two groups (p < 0.05). Finally, there was a significant relationship between increased number of pathogenic bacteria in oral microbiome and higher concentration of cytokines in patient's blood. CONCLUSION Our knowledge of oral microbiome and its exact association with AD is rather limited; our study showed a significant association between changes in oral microbiome bacteria, increased inflammatory cytokines, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Taati Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nour Amirmozafari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mojtahedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshayesh
- Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and medicine research center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nicholson JS, Landry KS. Oral Dysbiosis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Correlations and Potential Causations. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071326. [PMID: 35889043 PMCID: PMC9317272 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are a heterogenous complex community of vegetative cells and extracellular polymeric substances that can adhere to various surfaces and are responsible for a variety of chronic and acute diseases. The impact of bacterial biofilms on oral and intestinal health is well studied, but the correlation and causations of biofilms and neurodegenerative diseases are still in their infancy. However, the correlations between biofilms and diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and even Parkinson’s Disease are starting to demonstrate the role bacterial biofilms have in promoting and exasperating various illnesses. The review article provides insight into the role bacterial biofilms may have on the development and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases and hopefully shine a light on this very important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine S. Nicholson
- Delavie Sciences, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kyle S. Landry
- Delavie Sciences, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Gao C, Li X, Zhao X, Yang P, Wang X, Chen X, Chen N, Chen F. Standardized studies of the oral microbiome: From technology-driven to hypothesis-driven. IMETA 2022; 1:e19. [PMID: 38868569 PMCID: PMC10989927 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Among the microbial consortia in the human body, that in the oral cavity is complex. Instead of repeatedly confirming biomarkers of oral and systemic diseases, recent studies have focused on a unified clinical diagnostic standard in microbiology that reduces the heterogeneity caused by individual discrepancies. Research has also been conducted on other topics of greater clinical importance, including bacterial pathogenesis, and the effects of drugs and treatments. In this review, we divide existing research into technology-driven and hypothesis-driven, according to whether there is a clear research hypothesis. This classification allows the demonstration of shifts in the direction of oral microbiology research. Based on the shifts, we suggested that establishing clear hypotheses may be the solution to major research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Gao
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina
| | - Xuantao Li
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiaole Zhao
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina
| | - Peiyue Yang
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Wang
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijingChina
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50
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Salehipour A, Bagheri M, Sabahi M, Dolatshahi M, Boche D. Combination Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Is It Time? J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1433-1449. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia globally. There is increasing evidence showing AD has no single pathogenic mechanism, and thus treatment approaches focusing only on one mechanism are unlikely to be meaningfully effective. With only one potentially disease modifying treatment approved, targeting amyloid-β (Aβ), AD is underserved regarding effective drug treatments. Combining multiple drugs or designing treatments that target multiple pathways could be an effective therapeutic approach. Considering the distinction between added and combination therapies, one can conclude that most trials fall under the category of added therapies. For combination therapy to have an actual impact on the course of AD, it is likely necessary to target multiple mechanisms including but not limited to Aβ and tau pathology. Several challenges have to be addressed regarding combination therapy, including choosing the correct agents, the best time and stage of AD to intervene, designing and providing proper protocols for clinical trials. This can be achieved by a cooperation between the pharmaceutical industry, academia, private research centers, philanthropic institutions, and the regulatory bodies. Based on all the available information, the success of combination therapy to tackle complicated disorders such as cancer, and the blueprint already laid out on how to implement combination therapy and overcome its challenges, an argument can be made that the field has to move cautiously but quickly toward designing new clinical trials, further exploring the pathological mechanisms of AD, and re-examining the previous studies with combination therapies so that effective treatments for AD may be finally found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salehipour
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Bagheri
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
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