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Emara MH, Soliman H, Said EM, Elbatae H, Elazab M, Elhefnawy S, Zaher TI, Abdel-Razik A, Elnadry M. Intermittent fasting and the liver: Focus on the Ramadan model. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:1070-1083. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an intervention that involves not only dietary modifications but also behavioral changes with the main core being a period of fasting alternating with a period of controlled feeding. The duration of fasting differs from one regimen to another. Ramadan fasting (RF) is a religious fasting for Muslims, it lasts for only one month every one lunar year. In this model of fasting, observers abstain from food and water for a period that extends from dawn to sunset. The period of daily fasting is variable (12-18 hours) as Ramadan rotates in all seasons of the year. Consequently, longer duration of daily fasting is observed during the summer. In fact, RF is a peculiar type of IF. It is a dry IF as no water is allowed during the fasting hours, also there are no calorie restrictions during feeding hours, and the mealtime is exclusively nighttime. These three variables of the RF model are believed to have a variable impact on different liver diseases. RF was evaluated by different observational and interventional studies among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and it was associated with improvements in anthropometric measures, metabolic profile, and liver biochemistry regardless of the calorie restriction among lean and obese patients. The situation is rather different for patients with liver cirrhosis. RF was associated with adverse events among patients with liver cirrhosis irrespective of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients developed new ascites, ascites were increased, had higher serum bilirubin levels after Ramadan, and frequently developed hepatic encephalopathy and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. These complications were higher among patients with Child class B and C cirrhosis, and some fatalities occurred due to fasting. Liver transplant recipients as a special group of patients, are vulnerable to dehydration, fluctuation in blood immunosuppressive levels, likelihood of deterioration and hence observing RF without special precautions could represent a real danger for them. Patients with Gilbert syndrome can safely observe RF despite the minor elevations in serum bilirubin reported during the early days of fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Emara
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
- Department of Medicine, Alyousif Hospital, Alkhobar 34622, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Soliman
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Ebada M Said
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elbatae
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elazab
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Shady Elhefnawy
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Tarik I Zaher
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Razik
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elnadry
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
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Kuo HH, Wang KT, Chen HH, Lai ZY, Lin PL, Chuang YJ, Liu LYM. Cardiovascular outcomes associated with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:108. [PMID: 38773486 PMCID: PMC11110336 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients with diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases due to common risk factors and well-documented drug-associated cardiotoxicity. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown cardiovascular benefits in patients with diabetes, but their effects on cancer patients remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes associated with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with concomitant diabetes and cancer. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing cardiovascular outcomes between cancer patients with diabetes receiving SGLT2 inhibitors and those not receiving SGLT2 inhibitors. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 29, 2024. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were heart failure hospitalization, and adverse events. Random-effect models were used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify potential sources of heterogeneity and explore the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on mitigating cardiotoxicity. RESULTS Nine cohort studies involving 82,654 patients were included. SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31-0.68, P < 0.0001; I2 = 98%) and heart failure hospitalization (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30-0.81, P = 0.006; I2 = 21%) compared to non-use. The mortality benefit remained significant in patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.89, P = 0.02; I2 = 71%). SGLT2 inhibitor use was also associated with a lower risk of sepsis (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.23-0.44, P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) and no increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.20-2.16, P = 0.49; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 inhibitor therapy is associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization in patients with concomitant diabetes and cancer. These findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors may offer cardiovascular benefits in this high-risk population. Randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings and evaluate the safety and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in specific cancer types and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Huai Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Te Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Nursing, and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Yin Lai
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Nursing, and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lawrence Yu-Min Liu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Mashayekhi M, Safa BI, Gonzalez MSC, Kim SF, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Systemic and organ-specific anti-inflammatory effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:425-438. [PMID: 38423898 PMCID: PMC11096060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an essential role and is a common feature in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. The exact mechanisms through which sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors achieve their much-acclaimed clinical benefits largely remain unknown. In this review, we detail the systemic and tissue- or organ-specific anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibitors using evidence from animal and human studies. We discuss the potential pathways through which SGLT2 inhibitors exert their anti-inflammatory effects, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial, and inflammasome pathways. Finally, we highlight the need for further investigation of the extent of the contribution of the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibition to improvements in cardiometabolic and renal outcomes in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mashayekhi
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bilgunay Ilkin Safa
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S C Gonzalez
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Cho HJ, Lee E, Kim SS, Cheong JY. SGLT2i impact on HCC incidence in patients with fatty liver disease and diabetes: a nation-wide cohort study in South Korea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9761. [PMID: 38684838 PMCID: PMC11058854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cancer development, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in individuals with concomitant fatty liver disease (FLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Using data from Korea's Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we performed Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2DM (NAFLD-T2DM cohort) and those with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) alongside FLD and T2DM (FLD-T2DM-CVH cohort). In the propensity score (PS) matched NAFLD-T2DM cohort (N = 107,972), SGLT2i use was not associated with the occurrence of overall cancer, including HCC. However, old age, male sex, liver cirrhosis, and hypothyroidism were identified as independent risk factors for HCC occurrence, whereas statin and fibrate usage were associated with reduced HCC risk in this cohort in multivariate Cox analysis. In the PS-matched FLD-T2DM-CVH cohort (N = 2798), a significant decrease in HCC occurrence was observed among SGLT2i users (P = 0.03). This finding remained consistent in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (Hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-4.85, P = 0.048). In conclusion, SGLT2i may be a beneficial option for diabetes management in patients with concomitant T2DM, FLD, and CVH while affirming the overall safety of SGLT2i in other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Koufakis T, Popovic DS, Papadopoulos C, Giouleme O, Doumas M. Effectively addressing cardiovascular risk in people with metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease: not yet ready for prime time! Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:123-126. [PMID: 38284365 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2312239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Djordje S Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Christodoulos Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Giouleme
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Arvanitakis K, Koufakis T, Kalopitas G, Papadakos SP, Kotsa K, Germanidis G. Management of type 2 diabetes in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis: Short of evidence, plenty of potential. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102935. [PMID: 38163417 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with compensated cirrhosis is challenging due to hypoglycemic risk, altered pharmacokinetics, and the lack of robust evidence on the risk/benefit ratio of various drugs. Suboptimal glycemic control accelerates the progression of cirrhosis, while the frequent coexistence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with T2D highlights the need for a multifactorial therapeutic approach. METHODS A literature search was performed in Medline, Google Scholar and Scopus databases till July 2023, using relevant keywords to extract studies regarding the management of T2D in patients with compensated cirrhosis. RESULTS Metformin, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) are promising treatment options for patients with T2D and compensated liver cirrhosis, offering good glycemic control with minimal risk of hypoglycemia, while their pleiotropic actions confer benefits on NAFLD and body weight, and decrease cardiorenal risk. Sulfonylureas cause hypoglycemia, thus should be avoided, while in specific studies, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have been correlated with increased risk of decompensation and variceal bleeding. Despite the benefits of thiazolidinediones in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, concerns about edema and weight gain limit their use in compensated cirrhosis. Insulin does not exert hepatotoxic effects and can be administered safely in combination with other drugs; however, the risk of hypoglycemia should be considered. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of new hepatoprotective diabetes drugs into clinical practice, including tirzepatide, SGLT2i, and GLP-1 RA, sets the stage for future trials to investigate the ideal therapeutic regimen for people with T2D and compensated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Kalopitas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Sonneveld MJ, Brouwer WP, Janssen HLA. Treatment of diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis B: Are SGLT2 inhibitors hitting the sweet spot? Hepatology 2023; 78:1334-1336. [PMID: 37185255 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan J Sonneveld
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Pieter Brouwer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Koufakis T, Zografou I, Doumas M, Kotsa K. The Current Place of DPP4 Inhibitors in the Evolving Landscape of Type 2 Diabetes Management: Is It Time to Bid Adieu? Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:601-608. [PMID: 37682449 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the landscape of type 2 diabetes (T2D) management has been completely transformed, moving from a glucose-centric perspective to a holistic approach that also takes into account weight control and organ protection. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are oral agents that have been used for the treatment of T2D for almost 20 years. Although they present an excellent safety profile, including the risk of hypoglycemia, they lack the spectacular cardiorenal benefits and weight-loss effects of the newer antidiabetic agents. This poses the question of whether they still deserve a place in the arsenal of drugs against T2D. In this article, we use a hypothetical case scenario to illustrate possible patient profiles where DPP4i could prove useful in the clinical setting. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the category, focusing on glycemic control, weight management, and cardiorenal protection, which are the pillars of modern T2D management, also considering its safety profile and cost-effectiveness. We conclude that in most cases, DPP4i present a more favorable risk-benefit ratio compared to sulfonylureas, which are still widely prescribed throughout the world. We also suggest that future research should clarify the reasons behind the contradictory findings between human and animal studies on cardiorenal effects of the class and identify subgroups of patients who would derive most benefit with DPP4i treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 St. Kiriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Zografou
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 St. Kiriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Lee CH, Mak LY, Tang EHM, Lui DTW, Mak JHC, Li L, Wu T, Chan WL, Yuen MF, Lam KSL, Wong CKH. SGLT2i reduces risk of developing HCC in patients with co-existing type 2 diabetes and hepatitis B infection: A territory-wide cohort study in Hong Kong. Hepatology 2023; 78:1569-1580. [PMID: 37055020 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) are risk factors of HCC. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) inhibit HCC oncogenesis in preclinical studies. However, clinical studies are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of SGLT2i use on incident HCC using a territory-wide cohort of exclusively patients with co-existing T2D and CHB. APPROACH AND RESULTS Patients with co-existing T2D and CHB between 2015 and 2020 were identified from the representative electronic database of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Patients with and without SGLT2i use were 1:1 matched by propensity score for their demographics, biochemistry results, liver-related characteristics, and background medications. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between SGLT2i use and incident HCC. A total of 2,000 patients with co-existing T2D and CHB (1,000 in each SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i group; 79.7% on anti-HBV therapy at baseline) were included after propensity-score matching. Over a follow-up of 3,704 person-years, the incidence rates of HCC were 1.39 and 2.52 cases per 100 person-year in SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i groups, respectively. SGLT2i use was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident HCC (HR 0.54, 95%CI: 0.33-0.88, p =0.013). The association remained similar regardless of sex, age, glycemic control, diabetes duration, presence of cirrhosis and hepatic steatosis, timing of anti-HBV therapy, and background antidiabetic agents including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, insulin, or glitazones (all p interaction>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with co-existing T2D and CHB, SGLT2i use was associated with a lower risk of incident HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Ho-Man Tang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Tak-Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jimmy Ho-Cheung Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Lok Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karen Siu-Ling Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carlos King Ho Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Vaikunth S, Sundaravel S, Saef J, Ortega-Legaspi J. Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: of Medicines and Devices. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:401-416. [PMID: 37582901 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews the latest literature on the growing field of heart failure in the adult congenital heart disease population. RECENT FINDINGS After highlighting the increasing prevalence and a few of the unique potential causes, including the concept of early senescence, this review begins with novel medical management strategies such as the angiotensin II receptor blocker and neprilysin inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Then, it addresses the latest applications of percutaneous techniques like implantable hemodynamic monitoring, transcatheter pulmonary and aortic valve replacement, and mitral clips. Cardiac resynchronization therapy and novel lymphatic system imaging and intervention are then described. Finally, the use of mechanical support devices, temporary and durable, is discussed as well as heart and combined heart and liver transplantation. There have been recent exciting advances in the strategies used to manage adult congenital heart disease patients with heart failure. As this population continues to grow, it is likely we will see further rapid evolution in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Vaikunth
- Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, Penn Medicine & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Swethika Sundaravel
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Saef
- Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, Penn Medicine & Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan Ortega-Legaspi
- Advanced Heart Failure Section, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zeng L, Chen L, Gao F, Li J, Song Y, Wei L, Qu N, Li Y, Jiang H. The Comparation of Renal Anti-Senescence Effects and Blood Metabolites between Dapagliflozin and Metformin in Non-Diabetes Environment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300199. [PMID: 37688360 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Delaying kidney senescence process will benefit renal physiologic conditions, and prompt the kidney recovering from different pathological states. The renal anti-senescence effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and metformin have been proven in diabetic settings, but the roles of each one and combination of two drugs in natural kidney aging process remain undefined and deserve further research. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) were orally administered dapagliflozin, metformin, and a combination of them for 16 weeks. Dapagliflozin exhibits better effects than metformin in lowering senescence related markers, and the combination therapy shows the best results. In vitro experiments demonstrate the same results that the combination of dapagliflozin and metformin can exert a better anti-senescence effect. Blood metabolites detection in vivo shows dapagliflozin mainly leads to the change of blood metabolites enriched in choline metabolism, and metformin tends to induce change of blood metabolites enriched in purine metabolism. In conclusion, the results suggest dapagliflozin may have a better renal anti-senescence effect than metformin in non-diabetes environment, and the combination of the two drugs can strengthen the effect. The two drugs can lead to different blood metabolites alteration, which may lead to different systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Fanfan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial people's hospital, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yangyang Song
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medical Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi, 710061, China
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12
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Arvanitakis K, Papadakos SP, Lekakis V, Koufakis T, Lempesis IG, Papantoniou E, Kalopitas G, Georgakopoulou VE, Stergiou IE, Theocharis S, Germanidis G. Meeting at the Crossroad between Obesity and Hepatic Carcinogenesis: Unique Pathophysiological Pathways Raise Expectations for Innovative Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14704. [PMID: 37834153 PMCID: PMC10572430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating global prevalence of obesity and its intricate association with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pose a substantial challenge to public health. Obesity, acknowledged as a pervasive epidemic, is linked to an array of chronic diseases, including HCC, catalyzing the need for a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings. Notably, HCC has emerged as a leading malignancy with rising incidence and mortality. The transition from viral etiologies to the prominence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-related HCC underscores the urgent need to explore the intricate molecular pathways linking obesity and hepatic carcinogenesis. This review delves into the interwoven landscape of molecular carcinogenesis in the context of obesity-driven HCC while also navigating using the current therapeutic strategies and future prospects for combating obesity-related HCC. We underscore the pivotal role of obesity as a risk factor and propose an integrated approach encompassing lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and the exploration of emerging targeted therapies. As the obesity-HCC nexus continues to challenge healthcare systems globally, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms and innovative therapeutic strategies is imperative to alleviate the rising burden of this dual menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis G. Lempesis
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Eleni Papantoniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgios Kalopitas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (E.P.); (G.K.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Koufakis T, Tsimihodimos V, Metallidis S, Kotsa K, Doumas M. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors beyond the cardio-renal-metabolic spectrum: will gliflozins have a different fate than statins? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1753-1756. [PMID: 37594789 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2250255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Symeon Metallidis
- Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Doumas
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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He G, Yang G, Huang X, Luo D, Tang C, Zhang Z. SGLT2 inhibitors for prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart Lung 2023; 59:109-116. [PMID: 36801545 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many clinical studies have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce cardiovascular risks, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of SGLT2i for the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane libraries databases were searched and meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4. RESULTS Eleven studies with a total of 34,058 cases were analyzed. SGLT2i significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.94, p = 0.004), no prior MI (OR 0. 82, 95% CI 0.74-0.90, p<0.0001), prior coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.93, p = 0.001) and no prior CAD (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.76-0.91, p = 0.0002) compared with placebo. In addition, SGLT2i significantly reduced hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) in patients with prior MI (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55-0.87, p = 0.001), no prior MI (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0. 72, p<0.00001), prior CAD (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.79, p<0.0001) and no prior CAD (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.56-0.75, p<0.00001) compared with placebo. SGLT2i reduced cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality events. MI (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.88, p<0.0001), renal damage (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.91, p = 0.004), all-cause hospitalization (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.96, p = 0.002), systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all significantly reduced in patients receiving SGLT2i. CONCLUSION SGLT2i was effective in prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun He
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Guosu Yang
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | | | - Duan Luo
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China.
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15
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He X, Li Y, Li Y, Guo C, Fu Y, Xun X, Wang Z, Dong Z. In vivo assessment of the pharmacokinetic interactions between donafenib and dapagliflozin, donafenib and canagliflozin in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114663. [PMID: 37027985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Donafenib (DONA), a deuterium derivative of sorafenib, is used for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dapagliflozin (DAPA) and canagliflozin (CANA) are sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors used for T2DM, which is frequently comorbid with HCC. Three drugs are substrates of UGT1A9 isoenzyme. This study aimed to evaluate donafenib-dapagliflozin and donafenib-canagliflozin pharmacokinetic interactions and explore the potential mechanisms. Rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6) that received donafenib (1), dapagliflozin (2), canagliflozin (3), dapagliflozin and donafenib (4), canagliflozin and donafenib (5), donafenib and dapagliflozin (6), donafenib and canagliflozin (7). The concentrations of drugs were determined by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Multiple doses of dapagliflozin caused donafenib maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) to increase 37.01%. Canagliflozin increased donafenib Cmax 1.77-fold and the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC0-t and AUCinf) 1.39- and 1.41-fold, respectively, while reducing the apparent clearance (CLz) 28.38%. Multiple doses of donafenib increased dapagliflozin AUC0-t 1.61-fold, AUCinf 1.77-fold, whereas its CLz reduced 40.50%. Furthermore, donafenib caused similar changes in canagliflozin pharmacokinetics. The PCR results demonstrated that dapagliflozin inhibited the mRNA expression of Ugt1a7 in liver and donafenib decreased the expression of Ugt1a7 mRNA in liver and intestine. Increased exposure to these drugs may be due to their metabolism inhibition mediated by Ugt1a7. These pharmacokinetic interactions observed in this study may be of clinical significance, which may help adjust dose properly and avoid toxicity effects in patients with HCC and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru He
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Caihui Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xuejiao Xun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhanjun Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
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16
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Youssef ME, Yahya G, Popoviciu MS, Cavalu S, Abd-Eldayem MA, Saber S. Unlocking the Full Potential of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Expanding Applications beyond Glycemic Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076039. [PMID: 37047011 PMCID: PMC10094124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of diabetic patients has risen dramatically in recent decades, owing mostly to the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several oral antidiabetic medications are used for the treatment of T2DM including, α-glucosidases inhibitors, biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP-1 receptor agonists, PPAR-γ agonists, DDP4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors. In this review we focus on the possible effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on different body systems. Beyond the diabetic state, SGLT2 inhibitors have revealed a demonstrable ability to ameliorate cardiac remodeling, enhance myocardial function, and lower heart failure mortality. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors can modify adipocytes and their production of cytokines, such as adipokines and adiponectin, which enhances insulin sensitivity and delays diabetes onset. On the other hand, SGLT2 inhibitors have been linked to decreased total hip bone mineral deposition and increased hip bone resorption in T2DM patients. More data are needed to evaluate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors on cancer. Finally, the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on neuroprotection appear to be both direct and indirect, according to scientific investigations utilizing various experimental models. SGLT2 inhibitors improve vascular tone, elasticity, and contractility by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin signaling pathways, and endothelial cell proliferation. They also improve brain function, synaptic plasticity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and reduce amyloid plaque formation, as well as regulation of the mTOR pathway in the brain, which reduces brain damage and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia 44519, Egypt
| | - Mihaela Simona Popoviciu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Marwa A Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
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17
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Teng PC, Huang DQ, Lin TY, Noureddin M, Yang JD. Diabetes and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gut Liver 2023; 17:24-33. [PMID: 36530125 PMCID: PMC9840929 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance, the core pathophysiology of diabetes. Multiple clinical studies show that diabetes increases the risk of liver disease progression and cirrhosis development in patients with NAFLD. Diabetes has causal associations with many different cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More recent studies demonstrate that diabetes increases the risk of HCC in patients with underlying NAFLD cirrhosis, confirming the direct hepatocarcinogenic effect of diabetes among cirrhosis patients. Diabetes promotes hepatocarcinogenesis via the activation of inflammatory cascades producing reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines, leading to genomic instability, cellular proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Given the global increase in the burden of NAFLD and HCC, high-risk patients such as older diabetic individuals should be carefully monitored for HCC development. Future larger studies should explore whether the effect of diabetes on HCC risk in NAFLD cirrhosis is modifiable by the type of antidiabetic medication and the effectiveness of diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Chi Teng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding AuthorJu Dong Yang, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-9825, E-mail
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18
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Is Fasting Good When One Is at Risk of Liver Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205084. [PMID: 36291868 PMCID: PMC9600146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is a multistep process that usually develops in the background of cirrhosis, but also in a non-cirrhotic state in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or viral hepatis. Emerging evidence suggests that intermittent fasting can reduce the risk of cancer development and could improve response and tolerance to treatment through the metabolic and hormonal adaptations induced by the low energy availability that finally impairs cancer cells’ adaptability, survival and growth. The current review will outline the beneficial effects of fasting in NAFLD/NASH patients and the possible mechanisms that can prevent HCC development, including circadian clock re-synchronization, with a special focus on the possibility of applying this dietary intervention to cirrhotic patients.
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19
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Arvanitakis K, Koufakis T, Kotsa K, Germanidis G. How Far beyond Diabetes Can the Benefits of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Go? A Review of the Evidence on Their Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194651. [PMID: 36230573 PMCID: PMC9562923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by poor survival rate and quality of life, while available treatments remain generally limited. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) originally emerged as drugs for the management of diabetes, but have also been shown to alleviate cardiorenal risk. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a wide range of extraglycemic effects that led to their evaluation as potential therapies for a variety of diseases beyond diabetes, such as obesity, neurogenerative disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Given the presence of the GLP-1 receptor in hepatocytes, animal data suggest that GLP-1 RAs could regulate molecular pathways that are deeply involved in the genesis and progression of HCC, including inflammatory responses, tumor cell proliferation and oxidative stress, through direct and indirect effects on liver cells. However, future studies must assess several aspects of the benefit-to-risk ratio of the use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with HCC, including co-administration with approved systemic therapies, the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects in a high-risk population, and weight loss management in individuals with poor nutritional status and high rates of cancer cachexia. In this narrative review, we discuss the potential role of GLP-1 analogs in the treatment of HCC, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that could justify a possible benefit, but also referring to the potential clinical implications and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (SUBRE), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (SUBRE), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-330-3156; Fax: +30-231-099-4638
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