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Addae-Mensah I, Dziwornu GA, Chama MA, Osei-Safo D. The dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds: structural diversity, bioactivity, and future research perspectives. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38963155 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Covering mainly from 2013 up to 2023 with relevant references to work done before 2013First reported in 1995, the dichapetalins and analogous compounds constitute a novel class of natural dammarane-type merotriterpenoids characterized by their unique 2-phenylpyrano moiety annellated to ring A of the dammarane skeleton. They have been reported from only two genera: Dichapetalum (Dichapetalaceae) and Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae). About 100 novel dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds, including the acutissimatriterpenes and their antitumour and other bioactivities have been reported. In the present review, we cover the distribution, ethnobotanical and medicinal importance and the diversity of secondary metabolites reported from the two genera Dichapetalum and Phyllanthus from 2013 to date, with appropriate reference to relevant information prior to 2013. We also propose and discuss possible biosynthetic pathways, antitumour activity against a broad range of human and murine cancer cell lines, structure activity relationships, and other biological activities and mechanisms of action. Finally, the review deals with future perspectives which include expansion of the structural diversity and bioactivity scope, possible simplification of the structural complexity of the compounds to enhance their drug-likeness, in silico studies, and continuation of the search for new dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds from the over 200 Dichapetalum and over 1200 Phyllanthus species yet to be investigated. It is envisaged that the present review will stimulate further multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Mary Anti Chama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Dorcas Osei-Safo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Silva MJA, Acho LDR, Carneiro SB, Guimarães AC, Lima ES. Cosmetic application of the stem-bark extract of Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38229481 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Amazon has a rich biodiversity where many different plant species can be found. This diversity is an important source of bioactive substances, mainly due to the different structural components of their phytometabolites. Research for natural products is a strategy for the development of new agents in therapeutic applications, especially cosmetic applications, that have better pharmacological potential. Within this perspective, the objective of the study was to investigate the cosmetic application (anti-aging potential) of the stem-bark extract of Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K - (SBEBE), popularly known as the Brazil nut tree, here called SBEBE, a noble plant species of the Amazon that is rich in selenium. METHODS Enzymatic, glycation, proliferation, cell-healing, collagen quantification, toxicity and genotoxicity assays were used. RESULTS Among the enzymes involved in the extracellular matrix of the skin, SBEBE was able to inhibit only elastase (62.67 ± 3.75) when compared to the standard sivelestat (89.04 ± 0.53), and the extract was also able to inhibit both the oxidative and the non-oxidative pathway. When cell toxicity in fibroblasts (MRC-5) and keratinocytes (HACAT) was evaluated, SBEBE did not present toxicity in 24 h of incubation. After this period, the extract showed average cytotoxicity in 48 and 72 h, but not enough to reach the concentration of 50% of MRC-5 fibroblasts. In the trypan blue assay, the extract promoted fibroblast proliferation in 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation, which was evaluated through exponential cell growth, with emphasis mainly on the lowest concentration with results higher than the standard. When the cell healing capacity was evaluated, in 48 h of exposure to fibroblast, SBEBE was able to induce a cell carpet (cell film) in the cell monolayer scratch assay. CONCLUSIONS SBEBE stimulated collagen production at all concentrations tested. In the alkaline comet assay, at the lowest concentration, the extract did not induce DNA damage when compared to the reference drug doxorubicin. This study proved that SBEBE extract can be considered an ally in the treatment of skin anti-ageing as a possible biotechnological, phytocosmetic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia J A Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Simone B Carneiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Anderson C Guimarães
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
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Orman E, Bekoe SO, Asare-Nkansah S, Kralisch I, Jato J, Spiegler V, Agyare C, Bekoe EO, Hensel A. Towards the development of analytical monograph specifications for the quality assessment of the medicinal plant Phyllanthus urinaria. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 215:113854. [PMID: 37716546 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Many people in developing countries rely on herbal remedies for their primary healthcare needs. The challenge however is that several of these products lack proper documentation of quality and safety. To ensure consistent quality, validated methods are needed to establish and control quality attributes associated with identity, purity, and levels of bioactive constituents of the respective herbal materials. The present study focused on Phyllanthus urinaria (PU), a widely used medicinal plant in Ghana and West Africa that lacks the necessary quality control standards. The study aimed to develop an HPTLC identification method, which together with UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis established the identity of PU samples and differentiated PU from other closely related Phyllanthus species. Quantitative UPLC and HPTLC methods were developed to assess the contents of selected active markers in the PU samples, which invariably led to the proposal of acceptance criteria for the active markers. Prior to the content analyses, the sample extraction procedure was optimized through the use of Design of Experiment method. The effects of harvest time and geographic origin on the content of active compounds were demonstrated in the investigations. PU samples were also found to be contaminated with higher levels of pesticides like chlorpyrifos and folpet. Essentially, this study provides analytical protocols, insights into the quality status of PU samples in Ghana, and analytical specifications contained in a drafted monograph for future consideration in regional and subregional African pharmacopoeias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Orman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Oppong Bekoe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Asare-Nkansah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Ina Kralisch
- Chemical and Veterinary Inspection Office, Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL) - AöR, Joseph-König-Str. 40, Münster, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Jato
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | - Verena Spiegler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany.
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Emelia Oppong Bekoe
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, Münster, Germany.
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Gyimah L, Asante-Kwatia E, Adjei S, Owusu FA, Darko F, Tabiri E, Mensah AY. Pharmacognostic characterization, wound healing and toxicity assessment of the stem bark of Xylia evansii Hutch (Leguminosae). Heliyon 2023; 9:e21692. [PMID: 37954382 PMCID: PMC10638049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylia evansii is widely used in traditional medicine to stop bleeding gums and treat wounds. This study was undertaken to assess the wound healing activity and toxicity profile of the stem bark methanol extract of X. evansii (XES). Wound healing activity was determined by the dermal excision model in rats. The free radical scavenging capacity, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), aluminum chloride colorimetric and Folin Ciocalteu methods respectively. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment was performed following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. Significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent wound healing effect, similar to that of 1 % silver sulphadiazine was elicit by the 10, 15 and 20 %w/w XES ointments. The highest effect was demonstrated by XES 20 %w/w which resulted in 98.3 % wound surface closure by day 9 of treatment (p < 0.0001). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 381.2 ± 12.57 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 460 ± 29.07 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. XES exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging effect (IC50 = 68.13 ± 1.87 μg/mL) and had a total antioxidant capacity of 279.2 ± 32.08 mg/g GAE. The LD50 of XES was estimated to be > 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity, 28 days treatment with XES (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight) did not result in any significant (p > 0.05) change in the body weight or weight of the heart, lung, spleen, liver and kidneys. The haematological and biochemical profiles of XES-treated rats were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected after 4-weeks treatment with XES, except for platelet count which increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in a non-dose-dependent manner. Histopathological examination did not reveal any toxic effect to liver cells, however at 1000 mg/kg XES, slight abnormalities were identified in the glomeruli. Microscopy of the powdered stem bark displayed calcium oxalate crystals, pitted vessels and lignified fibres. Tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes and alkaloids were identified in the bark. This is the first report on the wound healing potential and safety profile of X. evansii, giving scientific credence to its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lord Gyimah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Asante-Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Silas Adjei
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frederick Akuffo Owusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fanny Darko
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Tabiri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Jato J, Waindok P, Ngnodandi FNBF, Orman E, Agyare C, Bekoe EO, Strube C, Hensel A, Liebau E, Spiegler V. Anthelmintic Activities of Extract and Ellagitannins from Phyllanthus urinaria against Caenorhabditis elegans and Zoonotic or Animal Parasitic Nematodes. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1215-1228. [PMID: 37459860 DOI: 10.1055/a-2117-9426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Phyllanthus urinaria are used in traditional medicine in West Africa against helminthiasis, but their anthelmintic potential has not been evaluated until now. Within the current study, a hydroacetonic extract (AWE) and fractions and isolated ellagitannins from P. urinaria were, therefore, tested in vitro against Caenorhabditis elegans and the larvae of the animal parasites Toxocara canis, Ascaris suum, Ancylostoma caninum, and Trichuris suis. Compounds 1: - 13: , mainly representing ellagitannins, were isolated using different chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by HR-MS and 1H/13C-NMR. AWE exerted concentration-dependent lethal effects (LC50 of 2.6 mg/mL) against C. elegans and inhibited larval migration of all animal parasites tested (T. suis L1 IC50 24.3 µg/mL, A. suum L3 IC50 35.7 µg/mL, A. caninum L3 IC50 112.8 µg/mL, T. canis L3 IC50 1513.2 µg/mL). The anthelmintic activity of AWE was mainly related to the polar, tannin-containing fractions. Geraniin 1: , the major ellagitannin in the extract, showed the strongest anthelmintic activity in general (IC50 between 0.6 and 804 µM, depending on parasite species) and was the only compound active against A. caninum (IC50 of 35.0 µM). Furosin 9: was least active despite structural similarities to 1: . Among the parasites tested, Trichuris suis L1 larvae turned out to be most sensitive with IC50 of 0.6, 6.4, 4.0, 4.8, and 2.6 µM for geraniin 1: , repandusinic acid A 3: , punicafolin 8: , furosin 9: , and phyllanthusiin A 10: , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jato
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Ho, Ghana
- University of Münster, Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Waindok
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Emmanuel Orman
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Ho, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emelia Oppong Bekoe
- University of Ghana, College of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christina Strube
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Liebau
- University of Münster, Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Spiegler
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
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Mssillou I, Bakour M, Slighoua M, Laaroussi H, Saghrouchni H, Ez-Zahra Amrati F, Lyoussi B, Derwich E. Investigation on wound healing effect of Mediterranean medicinal plants and some related phenolic compounds: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115663. [PMID: 36038091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The human skin constitutes a biological barrier against external stress and wounds can reduce the role of its physiological structure. In medical sciences, wounds are considered a major problem that requires urgent intervention. For centuries, medicinal plants have been used in the Mediterranean countries for many purposes and against wounds. AIM OF THIS REVIEW Provides an outlook on the Mediterranean medicinal plants used in wound healing. Furthermore, the wound healing effect of polyphenolic compounds and their chemical structures are also summarized. Moreover, we discussed the wound healing process, the structure of the skin, and the current therapies in wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search was performed in several databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The following Keywords were used individually and/or in combination: the Mediterranean, wound healing, medicinal plants, phenolic compounds, composition, flavonoid, tannin. RESULTS The wound healing process is distinguished by four phases, which are respectively, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The Mediterranean medicinal plants are widely used in the treatment of wounds. The finding showed that eighty-nine species belonging to forty families were evaluated for their wound-healing effect in this area. The Asteraceae family was the most reported family with 12 species followed by Lamiaceae (11 species). Tunisia, Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria were the countries where these plants are frequently used in wound healing. In addition to medicinal plants, results showed that nineteen phenolic compounds from different classes are used in wound treatment. Tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, curcumin, luteolin, chrysin, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, icariin, morin, epigallocatechin gallate, taxifolin, silymarin, hesperidin, naringin, isoliquiritin, puerarin, genistein, and daidzein were the main compounds that showed wound-healing effect. CONCLUSION In conclusion, medicinal plants and polyphenolic compounds provide therapeutic evidence in wound healing and for the development of new drugs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mssillou
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
| | - Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Meryem Slighoua
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Hassan Laaroussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, 01330 Balcalı/Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Elhoussine Derwich
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; Unity of GC/MS and GC, City of Innovation, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, Morocco
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Tsakem B, Eckhardt P, Tchuenguem RT, Ponou BK, Dzoyem JP, Teponno RB, Opatz T, Barboni L, Tapondjou LA. Muellerilactone and other bioactive constituents of Phyllanthus muellerianus (kuntze) exell. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Phyllanthus muellerianus and Ficus exasperata exhibit anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells by modulating calcium influx and activating caspases. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
Tannins are an interesting class of polyphenols, characterized, in almost all cases, by a different degree of polymerization, which, inevitably, markedly influences their bioavailability, as well as biochemical and pharmacological activities. They have been used for the process of tanning to transform hides into leather, from which their name derives. For several time, they have not been accurately evaluated, but now researchers have started to unravel their potential, highlighting anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, as well as their involvement in cardiovascular, neuroprotective and in general metabolic diseases prevention. The mechanisms underlying their activity are often complex, but the main targets of their action (such as key enzymes modulation, activation of metabolic pathways and changes in the metabolic fluxes) are highlighted in this review, without losing sight of their toxicity. This aspect still needs further and better-designed study to be thoroughly understood and allow a more conscious use of tannins for human health.
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Chandrasekharan S, Chinnasamy G, Bhatnagar S. Sustainable phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina arborea exhibit antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:156. [PMID: 34997051 PMCID: PMC8742086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is a major public health concern generating interest in novel antibacterial treatments. Aim of this scientific endeavor was to find an alternative efficient antibacterial agent from non-conventional plant source for human health applications. We used an eco-friendly approach for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing logging residue from timber trees Gmelina arborea (GA). GC-MS analysis of leaves, barks, flowers, fruits, and roots was conducted to determine the bioactive compounds. Biosynthesis, morphological and structural characterization of GA-AgNPs were undertaken by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). GA-AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, wound healing properties and their toxicity studies were carried out. Results identified the presence of terpenoids, sterols, aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and flavonoids in leaves, making leaf extract the ideal choice for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles. The synthesis of GA-AgNPs was confirmed by dark brown colored colloidal solution and spectral absorption peak at 420 nm. Spherical, uniformly dispersed, crystalline GA-AgNPs were 34-40 nm in diameter and stable in solutions at room temperature. Functional groups attributed to the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols that acted as reducing and capping agents. Antibacterial potency was confirmed against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay, MIC and MBC assay, biofilm inhibition assay, electron-microscopy, cell staining and colony counting techniques. The results from zone of inhibition, number of ruptured cells and dead-cell-count analysis confirmed that GA-AgNPs were more effective than GA-extract and their bacteria inhibition activity level increased further when loaded on hydrogel as GA-AgNPs-PF127, making it a novel distinguishing feature. Antioxidant activity was confirmed by the free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS). Wound healing potential was confirmed by cell scratch assay in human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Cell-proliferation study in human chang liver cell lines and optical microscopic observations confirmed non-toxicity of GA-AgNPs at low doses. Our study concluded that biosynthesized GA-AgNPs had enhanced antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and wound healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Chandrasekharan
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Gandhimathi Chinnasamy
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Somika Bhatnagar
- Plant Transformation and Tissue Culture, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.
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Amphimas pterocarpoides harms.: An Evaluation of flavonoid and phenolic contents, wound healing, anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of the leaves and stem bark. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08261. [PMID: 34765780 PMCID: PMC8569476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the wound healing, anthelmintic and antioxidant potentials of crude methanol extracts and fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of the leaves and stem bark of Amphimas pterocarpoides. Wound healing activity was determined by the dermal excision model in rats; anthelmintic activity was evaluated by the adult worm motility test using the adult Indian worm, Pheretima postuma. Total flavonoid, phenolic content and antioxidant activity were assessed by the aluminum chloride colorimetric, Folin Ciocalteu, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays respectively. HPLC/UV fingerprints were developed for quality control. The maximum amount of phenolics and flavonoids were detected in the methanol fractions of the stem bark (225.0 ± 20.0 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 201.0 ± 1.41 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QCE) respectively) and leaves (84.54 ± 1.36 mg/g GAE and 130.7 ± 1.71 mg/g QCE, respectively). Both leaf and bark displayed remarkable free radical scavenging and TAC with the highest effect given by the methanol fractions. Significant (p < 0.05) wound contraction was achieved by topical application of the leaf (APL) and stem bark (APS) ointments (5-15%) with >90 % wound surface closure for 1% silver sulphadiazine, APS 15% and APL 10% treated groups by day 15. APL and APS demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent paralysis and mortality of the P. posthuma with APL (6.25 mg/mL) causing worm paralysis at 82.60 min and death at 93 min, better than 10 mg/mL albendazole (paralysis at 76.30 min; death at 117 min). Tannins, triterpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, saponins and coumarins were detected in the leaves and bark. The results have proven the potential of A. pterocarpoides as a wound healing and anthelmintic agent, giving scientific credence to its use in traditional medicine.
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Exploration of anti-tyrosinase effect of Geranium glaberrimum Boiss. & Heldr. with in silico approach and survey of 21 Geranium species. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antioxidant Properties of Plant-Derived Phenolic Compounds and Their Effect on Skin Fibroblast Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050726. [PMID: 34063059 PMCID: PMC8147979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are rich sources of a diverse range of chemicals, many of which have significant metabolic activity. One large group of secondary compounds are the phenolics, which act as inter alia potent reactive oxygen scavengers in cells, including fibroblasts. These common dermis residue cells play a crucial role in the production of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, and maintaining the integrity of connective tissue. Chronic wounds or skin exposure to UV-irradiation disrupt fibroblast function by the generation of reactive oxygen species, which may damage cell components and modify various signaling pathways. The resulting imbalance may be reversed by the antioxidant activity of plant-derived phenolic compounds. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on the impact of phenolics on fibroblast functionality under oxidative stress conditions. It examines a range of compounds in extracts from various species, as well as single specific plant-derived compounds. Phenolics are a good candidate for eliminating the causes of skin damage including wounds and aging and acting as skin care agents.
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14
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Sikander M, Malik S, Rodriguez A, Yallapu MM, Narula AS, Satapathy SK, Dhevan V, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. Role of Nutraceuticals in COVID-19 Mediated Liver Dysfunction. Molecules 2020; 25:E5905. [PMID: 33322162 PMCID: PMC7764432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is known as one of the deadliest pandemics of the century. The rapid spread of this deadly virus at incredible speed has stunned the planet and poses a challenge to global scientific and medical communities. Patients with COVID-19 are at an increased risk of co-morbidities associated with liver dysfunction and injury. Moreover, hepatotoxicity induced by antiviral therapy is gaining importance and is an area of great concern. Currently, alternatives therapies are being sought to mitigate hepatic damage, and there has been growing interest in the research on bioactive phytochemical agents (nutraceuticals) due to their versatility in health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Therefore, this review provides information and summarizes the juncture of antiviral, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective nutraceuticals that can be useful during the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anyssa Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Barbara and Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Vijian Dhevan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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15
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Thitilertdecha N, Chaiwut P, Saewan N. In vitro antioxidant potential of Nephelium lappaceum L. rind extracts and geraniin on human epidermal keratinocytes. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Molecular modeling studies of repandusinic acid as potent small molecule for hepatitis B virus through molecular docking and ADME analysis. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-019-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Subramaniam S, Selvaduray KR, Radhakrishnan AK. Bioactive Compounds: Natural Defense Against Cancer? Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120758. [PMID: 31766399 PMCID: PMC6995630 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that has claimed many lives. Natural bioactive agents from plants are gaining wide attention for their anticancer activities. Several studies have found that natural plant-based bioactive compounds can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, and in some cases ameliorate some of the side-effects of drugs used as chemotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature on the anticancer effects of four plant-based bioactive compounds namely, curcumin, myricetin, geraniin and tocotrienols (T3) to provide an overview on some of the key findings that are related to this effect. The molecular mechanisms through which the active compounds may exert their anticancer properties in cell and animal-based studies also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonia Subramaniam
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 50050, Malaysia;
- Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Kanga Rani Selvaduray
- Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-355-144-902
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18
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Phuong NNM, Le TT, Nguyen MVT, Van Camp J, Raes K. Antioxidant Activity of Rambutan (
Nephelium lappaceum
L.) Peel Extract in Soybean Oil during Storage and Deep Frying. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Minh Phuong
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Food Science and Technology Nong Lam University Block 6, Ward Linh Trung, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Department of Food Technology, College of Agriculture Can Tho University Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ward An Khanh, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City Vietnam
| | - Thien Trung Le
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Food Science and Technology Nong Lam University Block 6, Ward Linh Trung, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Minh Viet Thao Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5 8500 Kortrijk Belgium
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Gupta A, Singh AK, Kumar R, Ganguly R, Rana HK, Pandey PK, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Pandey AK. Corilagin in Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of Anticancer Activities and Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2019; 24:E3399. [PMID: 31546767 PMCID: PMC6767293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corilagin (β-1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose), an ellagitannin, is one of the major bioactive compounds present in various plants. Ellagitannins belong to the hydrolyzable tannins, a group of polyphenols. Corilagin shows broad-spectrum biological, and therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antitumor actions. Natural compounds possessing antitumor activities have attracted significant attention for treatment of cancer. Corilagin has shown inhibitory activity against the growth of numerous cancer cells by prompting cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and augmented apoptosis. Corilagin-induced apoptosis and autophagic cell death depends on production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in breast cancer cell line. It blocks the activation of both the canonical Smad and non-canonical extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) pathways. The potential apoptotic action of corilagin is mediated by altered expression of procaspase-3, procaspase-8, procaspase-9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase, and Bcl-2 Bax. In nude mice, corilagin suppressed cholangiocarcinoma growth and downregulated the expression of Notch1 and mammalian target of rapamycin. The aim of this review is to summarize the anticancer efficacy of corilagin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms involving various signaling pathways in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prabhash Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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20
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Addotey JN, Lengers I, Jose J, Hensel A. Hyal-1 inhibitors from the leaves of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Excell. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:326-335. [PMID: 30877065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaves and twigs from Phyllanthus muellerianus Kuntze Excell are known to exert anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties as well as wound healing properties. During a wide screening for human hyaluronidase-1 inhibitors from natural sources leaf extracts from P. muellerianus turned out to show basic anti-hyaluronidase activity. A detailed investigation of this effect should rationalize the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extract for improved wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY The following study aimed to characterize the anti-Hyal-1 activity of the extract from P. muellerianus and to pinpoint the responsible natural products responsible for this bioactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cell surface displayed human Hyal-1 on Escherichia coli, the activity of inhibitors was determined by the stains-all assay method. A hydroalcoholic extract PWE from P. muellerianus was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation. Active compounds were characterized by means of mass spectrometry and NMR. RESULTS PWE exerts a concentration dependent inhibition of Hyal-1 with an IC50 of 80 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed 13 compounds from the two most active fractions, mainly ellagitannins and flavonoid glycosides. The most activeHyal-1 inhibitor was found to be the ellagitannin chebulanin 10 (IC50 132 μM). This represents the first description of chebulanin in P. muellerianus. CONCLUSIONS The hydroalcoholic extract of P. muellerianus, as well as several subfractions obtained during bioassay-guided fractionation showed strong activity against Hyal-1. The main activity can be correlated to the ellagitanin chebulanin. Additionally, also synergistic effects are observed, indicating that the traditional use of aqueous extracts of P. muellerianus is justified, rather than the use of the isolated tannins. The traditional use of the plant as an anti-inflammatory agent for improved wound-healing can be rationalized by the anti-Hyal-1 activities of its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nii Addotey
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabelle Lengers
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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21
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Ndeingang EC, Defo Deeh PB, Watcho P, Kamanyi A. Phyllanthus muellerianus (Euphorbiaceae) Restores Ovarian Functions in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2965821. [PMID: 31217802 PMCID: PMC6537001 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2965821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common causes or female infertility. Phyllanthus muellerianus (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant used to treat various ailments including frequent menstruation and anovulation. We investigated the effects of P. muellerianus extracts on estrus cyclicity, lipid profile, oxidative stress-related markers, sex hormones, and ovarian architecture in letrozole-induced PCOS in rats. After induction of PCOS using letrozole (1 mg/kg/day), normal (n=6), and PCOS (n=108; distributed into 18 groups of 6 animals/group) rats were treated orally for 7 or 14 days with distilled water (10 ml/kg/day), clomiphene citrate (2 mg/kg/day), metformin (500 mg/kg/day), and aqueous or methanolic extract of P. muellerianus (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg). Estrus cyclicity, body, and sexual organ (ovaries and uterus) weights, biochemical and histological parameters were measured. There were letrozole-induced PCOS characterized by irregular estrus cyclicity, elevated (p<0.05-0.01) glycaemia, ovarian weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, malondialdehyde, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone concentrations, but there were low (p<0.05-0.001) HDL cholesterol, estradiol, progesterone, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels, compared with control. PCOS rats had multiple cysts compared with control. These reproductive, biochemical, and structural alterations were alleviated by P. muellerianus extracts. For instance, P. muellerianus restored the estrus cyclicity with a remarkable effect after 14 days of treatment. Moreover, P. muellerianus significantly decreased (p<0.001) LH and testosterone (both extracts; 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) levels, but increased (p<0.01) estradiol (aqueous extract; 60 mg/kg) concentration. Cystic follicles were also decreased after plant application. P. muellerianus alleviated reproductive, hormonal, and structural alterations in PCOS rats. This plant could be useful in the management/treatment of reproductive and metabolic disorders related to PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Brice Defo Deeh
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Watcho
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Albert Kamanyi
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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22
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Ibitoye OB, Aliyu NO, Ajiboye TO. Protective Influence of Phyllanthus Muellarianus on Ciprofloxacin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Rats. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:321-335. [PMID: 31066327 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1586805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus muellarianus (Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiacea) leaves are widely used in the treatment of neurological disorders in Nigeria. We investigated the protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus muellarianus on ciprofloxacin neurotoxicity in male rats. Control rats (Group A) received distilled water, Groups C-E According to the Animal grouping and treatment section, Group B did not receive P. muellarianus> rats were administered 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight P. muellarianus, respectively, and Group F rats received 200 mg/kg body weight valproate orally for 7 days. In addition, groups B-F rats were orally administered ciprofloxacin for 7 days. Motor coordination and motor function were assessed using narrow beam and landing foot splay distance. The levels of neurotransmitter and oxidative stress biomarkers were also determined. Aqueous leaf extract of P. muellarianus significantly attenuated ciprofloxacin-mediated increases in narrow beam, landing foot splay distance, and gait scores. Ciprofloxacin-mediated depletion of acetylcholine and dopamine in the brains of rats was significantly annulled by P. muellarianus. Furthermore, the extract significantly reversed ciprofloxacin-mediated increases in acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A, and monoamine oxidase B by 73.13%, 71.52%, and 86.54%, respectively. The altered biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly reversed by P. muellarianus. Overall, the results of this study show that P. muellarianus reversed ciprofloxacin-induced neurotoxicity by restoring ciprofloxacin-mediated alterations in acetylcholine, dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, monoaminergic enzymes, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brains of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Ibitoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - N O Aliyu
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - T O Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
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Ogunwande IA, Avoseh ON, Igile DO, Lawal OA, Ascrizzi R, Guido F. Chemical Constituents, Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil of Phyllanthus muellerianus. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19846356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of the essential oil from the leaves of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. The essential oil was hydrodistilled and characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema while the anti-nociceptive test was based on hot plate analysis. The hydrodistillation afforded 0.09% (dry weight basis) of pale yellow oil. Thirty-eight compounds representing 94.8% were identified in the oil. The major components of the oil were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (11.6%), isocaryophyllene (9.8%), and limonene (9.4%). The oils of P. muellerianus displayed anti-nociceptive effect at a rate independent of reaction time and dose ( P < 0.001). The rate of inhibition increased exponentially as the dose increases with optimum activity at 400 mg/kg. The carrageenan-induced edema model revealed the suppression of inflammatory mediators at a very high significant value ( P < 0.001) for all doses, showing activity comparable to a standard drug at 4 hours after carrageenan injection. Collectively, the essential oils depressed the nociceptors and most likely acted as centrally mediated opioid analgesics while the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the oil might be related to the decrease in the level of iNOS, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in the edema paw via the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL1-β), NO, and PGE2 production. This study confirms the analgesics and inflammatory activities of P. muellerianus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Opeyemi N. Avoseh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, LAG, Nigeria
| | - Daniel O. Igile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, LAG, Nigeria
| | - Oladipupo A. Lawal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, LAG, Nigeria
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Elendran S, Muniyandy S, Lee WW, Palanisamy UD. Permeability of the ellagitannin geraniin and its metabolites in a human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell culture model. Food Funct 2019; 10:602-615. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01927d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Geraniin and its metabolites, found in many edibles, were classified as per the BCS. This finding can be used to predict its' in vivo oral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Elendran
- University of Reading Malaysia
- Johor Darul Takzim
- Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Monash University Malaysia
| | | | | | - Uma D. Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Monash University Malaysia
- Selangor Darul Ehsan
- Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform
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25
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Boakye-Gyasi E, Kasanga EA, Ameyaw EO, Abotsi WKM, Biney RP, Agyare C, Woode E. An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:201-209. [PMID: 28988222 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geraniin, a dehydroellagitannin, is a major component of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiaceae). Several Phyllanthus species are traditionally used for painful disorders. The anti-nociceptive effects of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of P. muellerianus and of geraniin have been scientifically established. The aim of the paper is to determine whether a combination of geraniin and diclofenac or geraniin and morphine leads to better anti-nociceptive effects. METHODS The nature of the interactions of morphine and diclofenac with geraniin was evaluated by undertaking the isobolographic analysis. Mice were treated with geraniin (3-30 mg/kg), morphine (1-10 mg/kg), and diclofenac (10-100 mg/kg) to obtain the ED50 values of the agents in the formalin test. Dose-response curves were then obtained and analyzed after the co-administration of geraniin with morphine or diclofenac in fixed ratio (1:1) combinations based on specific fractions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8) of their respective ED50 values for the formalin test. RESULTS Geraniin was less potent than morphine but more potent than diclofenac in the formalin-induced nociception. The isobolographic analysis of geraniin/morphine (G/M) and geraniin/diclofenac combinations (G/D) at different fractions revealed the potentiation of their anti-nociceptive effects. The degrees of potentiation, which were calculated as interaction indices, showed synergism for both combinations in both phase I (G/M: 0.040, G/D: 0.017) and phase II (G/M: 0.004, G/D: 0.002) of the formalin test. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates synergism for the co-administration of geraniin with both morphine and diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ella Anle Kasanga
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Boakye YD, Agyare C, Ayande GP, Titiloye N, Asiamah EA, Danquah KO. Assessment of Wound-Healing Properties of Medicinal Plants: The Case of Phyllanthus muellerianus. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:945. [PMID: 30186175 PMCID: PMC6111538 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus muellerianus (Family Euphorbiaceae) is a shrub, which is widely distributed in West Africa and employed traditionally as a wound-healing agent especially in Ghana. The aim of the study was to determine the in vivo wound-healing activity of aqueous aerial part extract of P. muellerianus (PLE) and its major isolate, geraniin. Excision and incision wound models were used to determine the wound-healing activity. Wounds were treated with PLE (0.25, 0.5, and 1% w/w) and geraniin (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4% w/w) aqueous creams. PLE and geraniin significantly (p < 0.001) increased wound contraction rate and hydroxyproline production compared to untreated wounds. Histological studies of wound tissues showed high levels of fibroblasts and increased collagen content and cross-linking in PLE and geraniin-treated wound tissues. Immuno-histochemical investigations revealed high levels of TGF-β1 in PLE and geraniin-treated wound tissues compared to the untreated wound tissues. Tensile strength of incised wounds was significantly (p < 0.05) high in PLE and geraniin-treated wounds. PLE (0.1–100 μg/mL) significantly (p < 0.001) reduce LDH release from HaCaT-keratinocytes compared to the untreated cells. PLE and geraniin possess wound healing and cytoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw D Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - George P Ayande
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Titiloye
- Department of Pathology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel A Asiamah
- School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kwabena O Danquah
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Riaz A, Rasul A, Hussain G, Zahoor MK, Jabeen F, Subhani Z, Younis T, Ali M, Sarfraz I, Selamoglu Z. Astragalin: A Bioactive Phytochemical with Potential Therapeutic Activities. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:9794625. [PMID: 29853868 PMCID: PMC5954929 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9794625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, an infinite treasure of bioactive chemical entities, persist as an inexhaustible resource for discovery of drugs. This review article intends to emphasize on one of the naturally occurring flavonoids, astragalin (kaempferol 3-glucoside), which is a bioactive constituent of various traditional medicinal plants such as Cuscuta chinensis. This multifaceted compound is well known for its diversified pharmacological applications such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, anticancer, antiulcer, and antidiabetic properties. It carries out the aforementioned activities by the regulation and modulation of various molecular targets such as transcription factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β1), enzymes (iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, MMP-1, MMP-3, MIP-1α, COX-2, PGE-2, HK2, AChe, SOD, DRP-1, DDH, PLCγ1, and GPX), kinases (JNK, MAPK, Akt, ERK, SAPK, IκBα, PI3K, and PKCβ2), cell adhesion proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin PAR-2, and NCam), apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins (Beclin-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, cytochrome c, LC3A/B, caspase-3, caspase-9, procaspase-3, procaspase-8, and IgE), and inflammatory cytokines (SOCS-3, SOCS-5, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, MCP-1, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and IFN-γ). Although researchers have reported multiple pharmacological applications of astragalin in various diseased conditions, further experimental investigations are still mandatory to fully understand its mechanism of action. It is contemplated that astragalin could be subjected to structural optimization to ameliorate its chemical accessibility, to optimize its absorption profiles, and to synthesize its more effective analogues which will ultimately lead towards potent drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Zahoor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zinayyera Subhani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
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Li X, Deng Y, Zheng Z, Huang W, Chen L, Tong Q, Ming Y. Corilagin, a promising medicinal herbal agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.030 pmid: 29324311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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In Vitro Wound Healing Potential of Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3142073. [PMID: 29670658 PMCID: PMC5836361 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3142073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is one of the serious problems among the diabetic patients. Currently, available treatments are limited due to side effects and cost effectiveness. In line with that, we attempted to use a natural source to study its potential towards the wound healing process. Therefore, Alternanthera sessilis (A. sessilis), an edible and medicinal plant, was chosen as the target sample for the study. During this investigation, the wound closure properties using stem extract of A. sessilis were analyzed. Accordingly, we analyzed the extract on free radical scavenging capacity and the cell migration of two most prominent cell types on the skin, human dermal fibroblast (NHDF), keratinocytes (HaCaT), and diabetic human dermal fibroblast (HDF-D) to mimic the wound healing in diabetic patients. The bioactive compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We discovered that the analysis exhibited a remarkable antioxidant, proliferative, and migratory rate in NHDF, HaCaT, and HDF-D in dose-dependent manner, which supports wound healing process, due to the presence of wound healing associated phytocompounds such as Hexadecanoic acid. This study suggested that the stem extract of A. sessilis might be a potential therapeutic agent for skin wound healing, supporting its traditional medicinal uses.
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Li X, Deng Y, Zheng Z, Huang W, Chen L, Tong Q, Ming Y. Corilagin, a promising medicinal herbal agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:43-50. [PMID: 29324311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Corilagin, a gallotannin, is one of the major active components of many ethnopharmacological plants. It was isolated from Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. (dividivi) by Schmidt in 1951 for the first time. In the past few decades, corilagin was reported to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, etc. However, little attention was paid to its pharmacological properties due to the complicated and inefficient extract method. In recent years, with the development of extraction technology corilagin was much easier to obtain than before. Thus, people return to pay attention to its anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities, particularly as an anti-tumor agent candidate. Our research team had focused on the distribution, preparation and anti-tumor activity of corilagin since 2005. We found corilagin showed good anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer. What's more, corilagin showed a low level of toxicity toward normal cells and tissues. Due to the extensive attention that corilagin has received, we present a systematic review of the pharmacological effects of corilagin. In this review, we summarized all the pharmacological effects of corilagin with a focus on the molecular mechanism of anti-tumor activity and show you how corilagin affected the signaling pathways of tumor cells as well as its physicochemical properties, distribution and preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Institute of Chemical Engnieering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Institute of Chemical Engnieering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen City for Plant Introduction & Quarantine and Plant Product, Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden, Xiamen, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Zhizhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen City for Plant Introduction & Quarantine and Plant Product, Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden, Xiamen, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
| | - Qingxuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
| | - Yanlin Ming
- Institute of Chemical Engnieering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Xiamen City for Plant Introduction & Quarantine and Plant Product, Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden, Xiamen, Fujian 361002, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China.
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Ajiboye TO, Ahmad FM, Daisi AO, Yahaya AA, Ibitoye OB, Muritala HF, Sunmonu TO. Hepatoprotective potential of Phyllanthus muellarianus leaf extract: studies on hepatic, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1662-1670. [PMID: 28447517 PMCID: PMC6130521 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1317819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Leaves of Phyllanthus muellarianus (Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiacea) are widely used in the management of liver disorders in Nigeria. However, no there is no scientific validation to support this use. OBJECTIVE Hepatoprotective effect of Phyllanthus muellarianus aqueous leaf extract was investigated in acetaminophen-induced liver injury mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatoprotective effect of Phyllanthus muellarianus aqueous leaf extract was evaluated in acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice using biomarkers of hepatocellular indices, oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and lipid peroxidation. Mice received distilled water, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg b.w of Phyllanthus muellarianus aqueous leaf extract, respectively, for seven days. Treatment groups were challenged with 300 mg/kg b.w of acetaminophen on the sixth day. RESULTS Oral administration of Phyllanthus muellarianus aqueous leaf extract significantly (p < 0.05) attenuates acetaminophen-mediated alterations in serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin and total bilirubin by 76.56, 85.41, 89.39, 82.77 and 78.38%. Similarly, acetaminophen-mediated decrease in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly attenuated in the liver of mice by 85.10, 80.81, 80.45, 76.23 and 95.22%, respectively. Increased levels of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, fragmented DNA, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8 were significantly lowered by Phyllanthus muellarianus aqueous leaf extract. CONCLUSION Overall, results of this study show that Phyllanthus muellarianus halted acetaminophen-mediated hepatotoxicity due to its capability to enhance antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek O. Ajiboye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Fatimah M. Ahmad
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Airat O. Daisi
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Aminat A. Yahaya
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Oluwayemisi B. Ibitoye
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Taofik O. Sunmonu
- Antioxidants, Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Boakye YD, Groyer L, Heiss EH. An increased autophagic flux contributes to the anti-inflammatory potential of urolithin A in macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:61-70. [PMID: 29031765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus and its constituent geraniin have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. However, orally consumed geraniin, an ellagitannin, shows low bioavailability and undergoes metabolization to urolithins by gut microbiota. This study aimed at comparing geraniin and urolithin A with respect to inhibition of M1 (LPS) polarization of murine J774.1 macrophages and shedding more light on possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Photometric, fluorimetric as well as luminescence-based assays monitored production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), cell viability or reporter gene expression. Western blot analyses and confocal microscopy showed abundance and localization of target proteins, respectively. RESULTS Urolithin A is a stronger inhibitor of M1 (LPS) macrophage polarization (production of NO, ROS and pro-inflammatory proteins) than geraniin. Urolithin A leads to an elevated autophagic flux in macrophages. Inhibition of autophagy in M1 (LPS) macrophages overcomes the suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 (NF-kB; nuclear factor kB), the reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes as well as the diminished NO production brought about by urolithin A. The increased autophagic flux is furthermore associated with impaired Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling in urolithin A-treated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Intestinal metabolization may boost the potential health benefit of widely consumed dietary ellagitannins, as suggested by side by side comparison of geraniin and urolithin A in M1(LPS) macrophages. Increased activity of the autophagic cellular recycling machinery aids the anti-inflammatory bioactivity of urolithin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Groyer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Kasanga EA, Boakye-Gyasi E, Biney RP, Kyekyeku JO, Agyare C, Woode E. Geraniin attenuates naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal and morphine-induced tolerance in mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2017; 6:199-205. [PMID: 28507784 PMCID: PMC5429080 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161229015413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim: Potentially life-threatening and unpleasant side effects associated with some analgesics have fueled the drive for the search for more analgesics with better side effect profiles. Geraniin, the most dominant secondary metabolite in the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus muellerianus, has been shown to possess antinociceptive properties mediated partly by opioidergic mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to determine whether geraniin exhibits tolerance and if it is able to ameliorate withdrawal signs in naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. Materials and Methods: After chronic treatment of mice with geraniin orally, the formalin test was used to ascertain whether tolerance will develop to its antinociceptive effects and if there is morphine-induced tolerance cross-generalization with geraniin. The effect of geraniin on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent mice was also investigated. Results: Geraniin (3-30 mg/kg) did not produce any tolerant effects after chronic administration and there was also no cross-generalization with the tolerant effects of morphine. Geraniin did not induce withdrawal signs but significantly reduced the number of jumps in morphine-dependent mice. Conclusion: Geraniin does not produce any tolerant effects like morphine and also reduced the signs associated with naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Anle Kasanga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - James Oppong Kyekyeku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Effects of Phyllanthus muellerianus Leaf-Extract on Steel-Reinforcement Corrosion in 3.5% NaCl-Immersed Concrete. METALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/met6110255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Toxicity of tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles in keratinocytes: potential for immunomodulatory applications. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boakye YD, Agyare C, Abotsi WKM, Ayande PG, Ossei PPS. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. and its major constituent, geraniin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:17-27. [PMID: 27103113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. which belongs to the Family Euphorbiaceae is a shrub widely distributed in West Africa. It is used traditionally to manage wounds and wound infections, menstrual disorders, fevers, pain and inflammation. Hence to confirm its ethnobotanical uses in managing inflammation, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous leaf extract of P. muellerianus (PLE) and its major isolate, geraniin in experimentally-induced inflammation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carrageenan induced oedema and adjuvant induced arthritis models in rats were used in this study. RESULTS In the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, both 300mg/kg PLE-treated and 10mg/kg geraniin-treated groups significantly reduced the mean maximal swelling attained at 4h to 46.75±4.97% (p<0.01) and 61.65±6.70% (p<0.05), respectively, from the inflamed control response of 122.60±16.39%. In the adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation, both PLE-treated (100 and 300mg/kg) groups and geraniin-treated (10 and 30mg/kg) groups significantly (p<0.001) reduced the total limb swelling over 16 days in the polyarthritic phase compared to the arthritic control. These observations were supported by the radiograph records and the histological investigations of the hind limbs which showed reduced bone damage in both PLE and geraniin-treated rats. CONCLUSION The findings may confirm the ethnobotanical use of PLE in the management of inflammatory disorders or conditions and observed anti-inflammatory property of PLE may largely be due to its major constituent, geraniin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patrick George Ayande
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Mao X, Wu LF, Guo HL, Chen WJ, Cui YP, Qi Q, Li S, Liang WY, Yang GH, Shao YY, Zhu D, She GM, You Y, Zhang LZ. The Genus Phyllanthus: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:7584952. [PMID: 27200104 PMCID: PMC4854999 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7584952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The plants of the genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) have been used as traditional medicinal materials for a long time in China, India, Brazil, and the Southeast Asian countries. They can be used for the treatment of digestive disease, jaundice, and renal calculus. This review discusses the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of Phyllanthus over the past few decades. More than 510 compounds have been isolated, the majority of which are lignins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. The researches of their remarkable antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities have become hot topics. More pharmacological screenings and phytochemical investigations are required to support the traditional uses and develop leading compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ling-Fang Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hong-Ling Guo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ya-Ping Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Wen-Yi Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan-Yan Shao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Gai-Mei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yun You
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Kisseih E, Lechtenberg M, Petereit F, Sendker J, Zacharski D, Brandt S, Agyare C, Hensel A. Phytochemical characterization and in vitro wound healing activity of leaf extracts from Combretum mucronatum Schum. & Thonn.: Oligomeric procyanidins as strong inductors of cellular differentiation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:628-636. [PMID: 26087235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaves from Combretum mucronatum Schum. & Thonn. are traditionally used for wound healing in Western Africa. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the dried leaves recently have been shown to stimulate viability of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. AIM OF THE STUDY Phytochemical characterization of the herbal material, development of a validated HPLC methodology for quality control, and pinpointing the underlying pharmacological mechanism under in vitro conditions to understand the impact of C. mucronatum extracts on human skin cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts obtained from the leaves from C. mucronatum by using solvents with different polarities (petrol ether, dichloromethane, ethanol-water 50%, water) were investigated concerning phytochemical composition by GC-MS, LC-MS and in part after fractionation and isolation of purified compounds. For quality control of the herbal material an ICH-2 validated UHPLC method was developed for quantification of the lead compounds epicatechin, procyanidin B2, vitexin and isovitexin. In vitro studies were performed using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line, primary keratinocytes and primary skin fibroblasts with determination of viability (MTT assay), cell proliferation (BrdU incorporation ELISA), cell toxicity (LDH release) and keratinocyte differentiation, using involucrin and keratin K10 as differentiation marker (confocal laser scanning microscopy, Western blot). RESULTS A detailed phytochemical composition analysis of the extracts from the leaves from C. mucronatum was performed (compounds 1-34) and epicatechin, procyanidin B2, vitexin and isovitexin are assessed to be the lead compounds of the polar extract. Quantitative UHPLC investigations indicated mature leaves to have higher polyphenol content in comparison to young leaves. The drying process of the plant material was shown to have great influence on the content of the lead compounds. The aqueous extract (0.1-100μg/mL) did not change cell viability of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes but inhibited cellular proliferation rates significantly at 100μg/mL. The extract stimulated cellular differentiation of primary keratinocytes significantly at 1 and 10μg/mL. Procyanidin B2 at 1 and 10µM was shown to be responsible for the induction of this cellular differentiation, while epicatechin, and procyanidins B5, C1 and D1 were inactive. CONCLUSION The in vitro effects of the aqueous extract on the skin cells rationalized the remedial effect in wound healing and possibly accounts for the reason why this plant may be widely used for this purpose. On the basis of this study extracts from the leaves of C. mucronatum therefore have potential for the use in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kisseih
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Lechtenberg
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Petereit
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J Sendker
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Zacharski
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Brandt
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - A Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Abstract
Tannins are considered as valuable plant secondary metabolites providing many benefits for human health. In this review information was gathered about bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, as well as about conducted clinical trials. The literature research was based on ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and presents a wide range of tested activities of tannins. The described clinical trials verify laboratory tests and show the effective health benefits taken from supplementation with tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
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Subramania S, Radhakrish A, Chakravart S, Palanisamy UD, Haleagraha N. Antihyperglycemic Effects of Nephelium lappaceum Rind Extract in High Fat-Induced Diabetic Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.542.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Araújo AR, Pereira DM, Aroso IM, Santos T, Batista MT, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP, Reis RL, Pires RA. Cork extracts reduce UV-mediated DNA fragmentation and cell death. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cork extracts composed of vescalagin/castalagin, gallic acid and ellagic acid reduce UV-mediated cell damage in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Araújo
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Taipas
| | - David M. Pereira
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Taipas
| | - Ivo M. Aroso
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Taipas
| | - Tânia Santos
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos – Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Coimbra
- Pólo das Ciências da Saúde
- 3000-548 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Maria T. Batista
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos – Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Coimbra
- Pólo das Ciências da Saúde
- 3000-548 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Mariana T. Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Taipas
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Taipas
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Taipas
| | - Ricardo A. Pires
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4806-909 Taipas
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Bueno FG, Panizzon GP, Mello EVSDL, Lechtenberg M, Petereit F, Mello JCPD, Hensel A. Hydrolyzable tannins from hydroalcoholic extract from Poincianella pluviosa stem bark and its wound-healing properties: Phytochemical investigations and influence on in vitro cell physiology of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:252-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3-O-galloylated procyanidins from Rumex acetosa L. inhibit the attachment of influenza A virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110089. [PMID: 25303676 PMCID: PMC4193892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by influenza A viruses (IAV) are a major health burden to mankind. The current antiviral arsenal against IAV is limited and novel drugs are urgently required. Medicinal plants are known as an abundant source for bioactive compounds, including antiviral agents. The aim of the present study was to characterize the anti-IAV potential of a proanthocyanidin-enriched extract derived from the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa (RA), and to identify active compounds of RA, their mode of action, and structural features conferring anti-IAV activity. In a modified MTT (MTTIAV) assay, RA was shown to inhibit growth of the IAV strain PR8 (H1N1) and a clinical isolate of IAV(H1N1)pdm09 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.5 µg/mL and 2.2 µg/mL, and a selectivity index (SI) (half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50)/IC50)) of 32 and 36, respectively. At RA concentrations>1 µg/mL plaque formation of IAV(H1N1)pdm09 was abrogated. RA was also active against an oseltamivir-resistant isolate of IAV(H1N1)pdm09. TNF-α and EGF-induced signal transduction in A549 cells was not affected by RA. The dimeric proanthocyanidin epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3'-O-gallate (procyanidin B2-di-gallate) was identified as the main active principle of RA (IC50 approx. 15 µM, SI≥13). RA and procyanidin B2-di-gallate blocked attachment of IAV and interfered with viral penetration at higher concentrations. Galloylation of the procyanidin core structure was shown to be a prerequisite for anti-IAV activity; o-trihydroxylation in the B-ring increased the anti-IAV activity. In silico docking studies indicated that procyanidin B2-di-gallate is able to interact with the receptor binding site of IAV(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin (HA). In conclusion, the proanthocyanidin-enriched extract RA and its main active constituent procyanidin B2-di-gallate protect cells from IAV infection by inhibiting viral entry into the host cell. RA and procyanidin B2-di-gallate appear to be a promising expansion of the currently available anti-influenza agents.
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Adu-Amoah L, Agyare C, Kisseih E, Ayande PG, Mensah KB. Toxicity assessment of Erythrophleum ivorense and Parquetina nigrescens. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:411-420. [PMID: 28962257 PMCID: PMC5598152 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrophleum ivorense and Parquetina nigrescens are found growing in tropical regions and they are used in African traditional medicine to treat various ailments including wounds, boils and anaemic conditions. Some species of plant in the Erythrophleum genus are also known to be poisonous and toxic to several livestock. However, there is no information on the toxicity of E. ivorense and P. nigrescens. This study is to determine the cytotoxicity and subchronic toxicity properties of methanol leaf extract (EIML) and methanol stem barks extract (EIMB) of E. ivorense and methanol leaf and aerial part extract of P. nigrescens (PNML). Concentrations from 0.1 to 100 μg/mL of the extracts were used to determine the influence of the extracts on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from HaCaT keratinocytes. The EIML and EIMB extracts showed increase in LDH released from HaCaT keratinocytes at 0.1-10 μg/mL and 1-100 μg/mL for the PNML extracts (p > 0.05). Wistar rats were orally administered with 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extracts (EIML, EIMB and PNML, respectively) for 35 days. Tissues from the kidney and liver of the rats treated with lower doses (100-300 mg/kg body weight) of EIML extract showed highly vascularized kidneys with numerous glomerular tufts, healthy hepatocytes and sinusoids in liver. However, there were persistent renal tissue inflammation and glomerular degeneration in kidney, and increased inflammatory infiltrates with few vacuolations and scarrings in liver in rats treated with higher extract dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight of rat. The rats treated with EIMB extract showed persistent renal and hepatocyte inflammations with glomerular and hepatocyte necrosis at all administered doses (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) which are indications of renal and hepatic toxicities. Though rats administered with 100 and 300 mg/kg of PNML extract showed renal haemorrhage and inflammation and hepatic inflammation, the rats administered with 1000 mg/kg body weight showed restoring glomerular tufts and improved vasculature and liver with reduced inflammatory infiltrates with healthy hepatocytes. Phytochemical screening of EIML, EIMB and PNML extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Adu-Amoah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emelia Kisseih
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Patrick George Ayande
- Department of Human Biology and Nursing, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Kwesi Boadu Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Lee TH, Lee GW, Park KH, Mohamed MAA, Bang MH, Baek YS, Son Y, Chung DK, Baek NI, Kim J. The stimulatory effects of Stewartia koreana extract on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and the wound healing activity of the extract in mice. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:145-52. [PMID: 24789471 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stewartia koreana (S. koreana) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as acute gastroenteritis and aches, in Korean folk medicine and has been reported to have a number of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory activity and the promotion of angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of S. koreana extract (SKE) and its components on dermal fibroblast growth and migration, and to investigate the wound healing activity of the extract in mice. In vitro experiments revealed that the numbers of SKE-treated cells increased by approximately 2.5-‑ and 3.7-fold with 50 and 100 µg/ml of SKE, respectively. 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) incorporation was also increased in the SKE-treated cells by 2.3-fold. SKE promoted the migration of human skin fibroblasts and, among the isolated compounds, hyperin increased the proliferation and migration of the fibroblasts to almost the same degree as SKE. Western blot analysis demonstrated that SKE stimulated the MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In in vivo experiments, the SKE-treated wound lesions of mice decreased by approximately 7% in diameter after 2 days of treatment with SKE compared with the wound lesions on the 1st day of the experiment. On the 9th day of treatment, the diameter of the lesions was further reduced by approximately 83% in the SKE-treated wound areas compared with the wound areas on the 1st day of treatment. Our results demonstrate that methanol extracts of S. koreana leaves promote the proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts and possess effective wound healing activity through the activation of the MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Hyperin was identified as an active compound responsible for the stimulation of fibroblast growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Guy Wilhem Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Myun Ho Bang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Soo Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyun Chung
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potential of Justicia flava and Lannea welwitschii. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:632927. [PMID: 24159350 PMCID: PMC3789403 DOI: 10.1155/2013/632927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections of various types of wounds are a challenge to the treatment of wounds and wound healing. The aim of the study is to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and in vivo wound healing properties of methanol leaf extracts of Justicia flava and Lannea welwitschii. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion and microdilution methods. The free radical scavenging activity of the methanol leaf extracts was performed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). The rate of wound contraction was determined using excision model. The test organisms used were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 4853, Bacillus subtilis NTCC 10073, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and clinical strains of Candida albicans. The MICs of methanol leaf extract of J. flava against test organisms were E. coli (7.5 mg/mL); P. aeruginosa (7.5 mg/mL); S. aureus (5 mg/mL); B. subtilis (7.5 mg/mL); and C. albicans (5 mg/mL). The MICs of methanol leaf extract of L. welwitschii against test organisms were E. coli (5 mg/mL); P. aeruginosa (10 mg/mL); S. aureus (5 mg/mL); B. subtilis (2.5 mg/mL); and C. albicans (2.5 mg/mL). The MBC/MFC of the extract was between 10 and 50 mg/mL. The IC50 of the reference antioxidant, α -tocopherol, was 1.5 μ g/mL and the methanol leaf extracts of J. flava and L. welwitschii had IC50 of 65.3 μ g/mL and 81.8 μ g/mL, respectively. The methanol leaf extracts of J. flava and L. welwitschii gave a significant reduction in wound size as compared to the untreated. The rates of wound closure after the application of the extracts (7.5% w/w) were compared to the untreated wounds. On the 9th day, J. flava extract had a percentage wound closure of 99% (P < 0.01) and that of L. welwitschii exhibited wound closure of 95% (P < 0.05) on the 13th day compared to the untreated wounds. The two extracts significantly (P < 0.01) increased the tensile strength of wounds compared to the untreated wounds. The extracts treated wound tissues showed improved angiogenesis, collagenation, and reepithelialization compared to the untreated wound tissues. The preliminary phytochemical screening of J. flava and L. welwitschii leaf extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. The above results indicate that methanol leaf extracts of J. flava and L. welwitschii possess antimicrobial and wound healing properties which may justify the traditional uses of J. flava and L. welwitschii in the treatment of wounds and infections.
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Keim AP, Slis JR, Mendez U, Stroup EM, Burmeister Y, Tsolaki N, Gailing O, Goldman J. The multicomponent medication lymphomyosot improves the outcome of experimental lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2013; 11:81-92. [PMID: 23725444 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2012.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary lymphedema is a life-long disease of painful tissue swelling that often follows axillary lymph node dissection to treat breast cancer. It is hypothesized that poor lymphatic regeneration across the obstructive scar tissue during the wound healing process may predispose the tissue to swell at a later date. Treatment for lymphedema remains suboptimal and is in most cases palliative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of Lymphomyosot to treat tissue swelling and promote lymphangiogenesis in experimental models of murine lymphedema. METHODS Experimental models of mouse lymphedema were injected with varied amounts of Lymphomyosot and saline as control. Measurements of tail swelling and wound closure were taken and compared amongst the groups. Three separate groups of mice were analyzed for lymphatic capillary migration, lymphatic vessel regeneration, and macrophage recruitment. RESULTS Lymphomyosot significantly reduced swelling and increased the rate of surgical wound closure. Lymphomyosot did not increase the migration of lymph capillaries in a mouse tail skin regeneration model or regeneration of lymph vessels following murine axillary lymph node dissection. CONCLUSIONS Lymphomyosot may act through inflammatory and wound repair pathways to reduce experimental lymphedema. Its ability to regulate inflammation as well as assist in tissue repair and extracellular formation may allow for the production of a scar-free matrix bridge through which migrating cells and accumulated interstitial fluid can freely spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Keim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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Agyare C, Dwobeng AS, Agyepong N, Boakye YD, Mensah KB, Ayande PG, Adarkwa-Yiadom M. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Wound Healing Properties of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Beneth. and Strophanthus hispidus DC. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2013; 2013:692613. [PMID: 23662099 PMCID: PMC3639673 DOI: 10.1155/2013/692613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections of various types of wounds are a challenge to the treatment of wounds and wound healing. The study was to investigate antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of methanol leaf and stem bark extracts of Kigelia africana and methanol leaf and root extracts of Strophanthus hispidus and also to determine wound healing properties of the extracts. The antimicrobial activities of the methanol extracts were determined against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and a fungus using agar diffusion and micro-dilution methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) method. The influence of the extracts on rate of wound closure was investigated using the excision wound model and histopathological investigation of treated and untreated wound tissues performed. The MICs of leaf extract of K. africana against test organisms were 2.5-7.5 mg/mL and stem bark extract were 2.25-7.5 mg/mL. The leaf extract of S. hispidus had MIC range of 2.5-7.5 mg/mL and 2.5-10 mg/mL for root extract. The IC50 of leaf and stem bark extracts of K. africana were 56.9 and 13.7 μ g/mL, respectively and leaf and root of S. hispidus were 49.8 and 45.1 μ g/mL, respectively. K. africana extracts (7.5% w/w) showed significant (P < 0.05) wound contraction at day 7 with 72% of wound closure whiles significant (P < 0.05) wound contractions were observed on day 11 for stem bark of K. africana, leaf and root extracts of S. hispidus. Wound tissues treated with the extracts showed improved collagenation, re-epitheliazition and rapid granulation formation compared with untreated wound tissues. The extracts were found to contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and sapogenetic glycosides. The HPLC finger-printing of the extracts were developed. The leaf, stem bark and root extracts of K. africana and S. hispidus exhibited antimicrobial, antioxidant, and enhanced wound healing properties and these may justify the medicinal uses of the plants for treatment of microbial infections and wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anita Serwaa Dwobeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nicholas Agyepong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwesi Boadu Mensah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patrick George Ayande
- Department of Human Biology and Nursing, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Fujii T, Okuda T, Yasui N, Wakaizumi M, Ikami T, Ikeda K. Effects of amla extract and collagen peptide on UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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