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Ma L, Liu C, Zhao Y, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang S, An J, Tian Y, Cao Y, Qu G, Song S, Cao Q. Anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity analysis of methyl rosmarinate obtained from Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. using a scalable process. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374669. [PMID: 38895626 PMCID: PMC11183283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, irreversible, chronic interstitial lung disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Current clinical drugs, while effective, do not reverse or cure pulmonary fibrosis and have major side effects, there are urgent needs to develop new anti-pulmonary fibrosis medicine, and corresponding industrially scalable process as well. Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib., a unique herb in Nyingchi, Xizang, China, is a variant of S. castanea. and its main active ingredient is rosmarinic acid (RA), which can be used to prepare methyl rosmarinate (MR) with greater drug potential. This study presented an industrially scalable process for the preparation of MR, which includes steps such as polyamide resin chromatography, crystallization and esterification, using S. castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. as the starting material and the structure of the product was verified by NMR technology. The anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects of MR were further investigated in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that this process can easily obtain high-purity RA and MR, and MR attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro, MR could effectively inhibit TGF-β1-induced proliferation and migration of mouse fibroblasts L929 cells, promote cell apoptosis, and decrease extracellular matrix accumulation thereby suppressing progressive pulmonary fibrosis. The anti-fibrosis effect of MR was stronger than that of the prodrug RA. Further study confirmed that MR could retard pulmonary fibrosis by down-regulating the phosphorylation of the TGF-β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. These results suggest that MR has potential therapeutic implications for pulmonary fibrosis, and the establishment of this scalable preparation technology ensures the development of MR as a new anti-pulmonary fibrosis medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | | | | | - Mengke Liu
- Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | | | - Shude Yang
- Department of Edible Mushrooms, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jing An
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Guiwu Qu
- Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Shuling Song
- Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Functional Crop Germplasm Innovation and Cultivation Utilization, Shandong, China
| | - Qizhi Cao
- Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
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2
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Jesus EGD, Souza FFD, Andrade JV, Andrade E Silva ML, Cunha WR, Ramos RC, Campos OS, Santos JAN, Santos MFC. In silico and in vitro elastase inhibition assessment assays of rosmarinic acid natural product from Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:879-884. [PMID: 37004998 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2196077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of various herbs and their compounds has been a strategy widely used in the fight against various human diseases. For example, rosmarinic acid, a bioactive phenolic compound commonly found in Rosemary plants (Rosmarinus officinalis Labiatae), has multiple therapeutic benefits in different diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate in silico and in vitro the inhibition potential of the enzyme Elastase from the porcine pancreas by rosmarinic acid isolated from the plant species R. officinalis Linn. Through Molecular Docking, the mechanism of action was investigated. In addition, rosmarinic acid presented a range of 5-60 µg/mL and significantly inhibited Elastase. At 60 µg/mL, there was an inhibition of 55% on the enzymatic activity. The results demonstrate the inhibition of Elastase by rosmarinic acid, which can lead to the development of new enzyme inhibitors that can be an inspiration for developing various drugs, including anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gonçalves de Jesus
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes de Souza
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Victor Andrade
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson R Cunha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Rafael Corrêa Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Othon Souto Campos
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alexandre Nogueira Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mario F C Santos
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
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3
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Li D, Cao D, Sun Y, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cao X. The roles of epigallocatechin gallate in the tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331641. [PMID: 38348027 PMCID: PMC10859531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a disease that modern medicine has not fully understood and conquered, with its high incidence and mortality, deprives countless patients of health and even life. According to global cancer statistics, there were an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths in 2020, with the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 201.0 and 100.7 per 100,000, respectively. Although remarkable advancements have been made in therapeutic strategies recently, the overall prognosis of cancer patients remains not optimistic. Consequently, there are still many severe challenges to be faced and difficult problems to be solved in cancer therapy today. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol extracted from tea leaves, has received much attention for its antitumor effects. Accumulating investigations have confirmed that EGCG can inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by triggering apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, invasion, and migration, altering tumor epigenetic modification, and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, its regulatory roles and biomolecular mechanisms in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, and immunotherapy remain obscure. In this article, we summarized the most recent updates about the effects of EGCG on tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming, and anti-cancer immunotherapy. The results demonstrated EGCG can promote the anti-cancer immune response of cytotoxic lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), attenuate the immunosuppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inhibit the tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and various stromal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), stellate cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Additionally, EGCG can suppress multiple metabolic reprogramming pathways, including glucose uptake, aerobic glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid anabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, EGCG, as an immunomodulator and immune checkpoint blockade, can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy and may be a promising candidate for antitumor immunotherapy. In conclusion, EGCG plays versatile regulatory roles in TME and metabolic reprogramming, which provides novel insights and combined therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Li
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Azhar MK, Anwar S, Hasan GM, Shamsi A, Islam A, Parvez S, Hassan MI. Comprehensive Insights into Biological Roles of Rosmarinic Acid: Implications in Diabetes, Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4297. [PMID: 37836581 PMCID: PMC10574478 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are abundantly occurring natural compounds extracted from plant sources. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an abundant phytochemical of Lamiaceae species with various therapeutic implications for human health. In recent years, natural compounds have gained significant attention as adjuvant and complementary therapies to existing medications for various diseases. RA has gained popularity due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and its roles in various life-threatening conditions, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, etc. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive insight into the multifaceted therapeutic properties of RA, including its potential as an anticancer agent, neuroprotective effects, and antidiabetic potential. Based on the available evidences, RA could be considered a potential dietary component for treating various diseases, including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Khabeer Azhar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 364, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
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Bello RO, Okunlola ST, Kumar N, Victor O, Jimoh TO, Abdulsalam ZN, Kehinde IO, Umar HI. An integrative computational approach for the identification of dual inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 from phytocompounds of Phyllantus amarus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37559488 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2245494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations of the genes encoding the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes have been identified in about 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases as well as many other forms of cancers. Notable among these alterations are the neomorphic IDH1_R132H and IDH2_R140Q mutations which lead to the production of an oncometabolite. Hence, their inhibition is widely considered a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of many cancers. While many inhibitors of the mutant enzymes have been developed, an inhibitor that is capable of co-inhibiting both enzymes are currently lacking while drug resistance has also limited the clinical usage of previously identified mono inhibitors. Consequently, this study employed molecular modeling approaches, such as molecular docking, molecular mechanics generalized Born Surface area (MM/GBSA), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and density functional theory (DFT) analysis to identify potential dual inhibitors of the previously mentioned mutant IDH1/2 from the phytocompounds of Phyllantus amarus. Of the 31 phytocompounds identified, 20 showed good binding affinities for both IDH1 _R132H and IDH2 _R140Q (ranging from -5.2 Kca/mol to -9.6 Kcal/mol) and had desirable pharmacokinetic properties. However, ellagic acid and pinoresinol possessed better pharmacokinetic properties, rendering suitable hits. Investigation of the behavior of the IDH1_R132H and IDH2_R140Q complexes with ellagic acid and pinoresinol via the RMSD, RMSF, and contact map analyses showed that all the complexes-maintained stability throughout the simulation time. Ultimately, ellagic acid and pinoresinol were identified as promising hits for the development of IDH1_R132H and IDH2_R140Q dual inhibitors. However, further experimental studies are needed to confirm their potential as therapies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan Opeyemi Bello
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform (CAT2D), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Salihaat Toyin Okunlola
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform (CAT2D), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles' College of Pharmacy, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Omoboyede Victor
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform (CAT2D), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Tajudeen O Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zainab Naeem Abdulsalam
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform (CAT2D), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Idayat Oyinkansola Kehinde
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform (CAT2D), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design Platform (CAT2D), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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6
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Chaitanya MVNL, Ramanunny AK, Babu MR, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Singh TG, Chellappan DK, Adams J, Dua K, Singh SK. Journey of Rosmarinic Acid as Biomedicine to Nano-Biomedicine for Treating Cancer: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2401. [PMID: 36365218 PMCID: PMC9696899 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenolic metabolite found in various culinary, dietary sources, and medicinal plants like Coleus scutellarioides (Linn) Benth., Lavandula angustifolia Linn., Mellisa officinalis Linn., Origanum vulgare Linn., Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., Zataria multiflora Boiss. and Zhumeria majdae Rech. F. Apart from its dietary and therapeutic values, RA is an important anticancer phytochemical owing to its multi-targeting anticancer mechanism. These properties provide a scope for RA's therapeutic uses beyond its traditional use as a dietary source. However, its oral bioavailability is limited due to its poor solubility and permeability. This impedes its efficacy in treating cancer. Indeed, in recent years, tremendous efforts have been put towards the development of nanoformulations of RA for treating cancer. However, this research is in its initial stage as bringing a nanoparticle into the market itself is associated with many issues such as stability, toxicity, and scale-up issues. Considering these pitfalls during formulation development and overcoming them would surely provide a new face to RA as a nanomedicine to treat cancer. A literature search was conducted to systematically review the various biological sources, extraction techniques, and anticancer mechanisms through which RA showed multiple therapeutic effects. Various nanocarriers of RA pertaining to its anticancer activity are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malakapogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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7
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Zhao J, Xu L, Jin D, Xin Y, Tian L, Wang T, Zhao D, Wang Z, Wang J. Rosmarinic Acid and Related Dietary Supplements: Potential Applications in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101410. [PMID: 36291619 PMCID: PMC9599057 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a severe threat to human health and quality of life and is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Natural dietary products have drawn substantial attention in cancer treatment and prevention due to their availability and absence of toxicity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties and is safe and effective in preventing and inhibiting tumors. This review summarizes recent publications on culture techniques, extraction processes, and anti-tumor applications of RA-enriched dietary supplements. We discuss techniques to improve RA bioavailability and provide a mechanistic discussion of RA regarding tumor prevention, treatment, and adjuvant therapy. RA exhibits anticancer activity by regulating oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and metastasis. These data suggest that daily use of RA-enriched dietary supplements can contribute to tumor prevention and treatment. RA has the potential for application in anti-tumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
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8
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Pan Q, Zhou X, Peng Z, Jahng D, Yang B, Pan X. Ventilation induced evolution pattern of archaea, fungi, bacteria and their potential roles during co-bioevaporation treatment of concentrated landfill leachate and food waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133122. [PMID: 34871608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a favorable aeration type in co-bioevaporation treatment of concentrated landfill leachate and food waste, and to deeply understand the co-bioevaporation mechanisms, the temporal evolution differences of archaea, fungi and bacteria as well as the related microbial metabolism genes and functional enzymes under intermittent ventilation (IV) and continuous ventilation (CV) were investigated. Results through metagenomics analysis showed that the less sufficient oxygen and longer thermophilic phase in IV stimulated the vigorous growth of archaea, while CV was beneficial for fungal growth. Even genes of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism and ATP-associated enzymes (enzyme 2.7.13.3 and 3.6.4.12), as well as peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzyme (enzyme 3.4.16.4), were more abundant in CV, IV hold better DNA repair ability, higher microbial viability, and less dehydrogenase sensitivity to temperatures due to the critical contribution of Pseudomonas (3.1-45.9%). Furthermore, IV consumed a similar amount of heat for water evaporation with nearly half of the ventilation of CV and was a favorable aeration type in the practical application of co-bioevaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China
| | - Qingzuo Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qian Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiandong Zhou
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhenghua Peng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Energy, Myongji University, San 38-2, Namdong, Cheoingu, Yonginshi, Gyeonggido, 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Benqin Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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9
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Wu YS, Ho JY, Yu CP, Cho CJ, Wu CL, Huang CS, Gao HW, Yu DS. Ellagic Acid Resensitizes Gemcitabine-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Gemcitabine Transporters. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092032. [PMID: 33922395 PMCID: PMC8122772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemoresistance of bladder cancer has become a major obstacle to clinical treatment, especially in first-line treatments involving gemcitabine (GCB). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is highly correlated with GCB resistance but less correlated with GCB metabolism and less reported as a novel therapeutic strategy. Our findings indicated that EMT-related GCB resistance occurs through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and involves repressed expression of the GCB transporters hCNT1 and hENT1. Ellagic acid (EA) combined with GCB intensified the chemosensitivity of GCB in resistant cells by repressing Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 expression and rescuing hCNT1 and hENT transcription. These data suggest that EA is a good adjuvant agent for blocking TGF-β/Smad signaling-related GCB resistance in bladder cancer. Abstract Gemcitabine (GCB) resistance is a major issue in bladder cancer chemoresistance, but its underlying mechanism has not been determined. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be comprehensively involved in GCB resistance in several other cancer types, but the direct connection between EMT and GCB remains unclear. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of EMT-related GCB resistance in bladder cancer and identify a potential phytochemical to modulate drug sensitivity. The biological effects of ellagic acid (EA) or its combined effects with GCB were compared in GCB-resistant cells and the GCB-sensitive line in terms of cell viability, apoptosis, motility, and in vivo tumorigenicity. The molecular regulation of EMT-related GCB resistance was evaluated at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. Our results indicated that TGF-β/Smad induced the overactivation of EMT in GCB-resistant cells and reduced the expression of GCB influx transporters (hCNT1 and hENT1). Moreover, ellagic acid (EA) inhibited the TGF-β signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo by reducing Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 expression and thereby resensitized GCB sensitivity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TGF-β/Smad-induced EMT contributes to GCB resistance in bladder cancer by reducing GCB influx and also elucidate the novel mechanisms of EA-mediated inhibition of TGF-β/Smad-induced EMT to overcome GCB resistance. Our study warrants further investigation of EA as an effective therapeutic adjuvant agent for overcoming GCB resistance in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Si Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-S.W.); (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-L.W.); (C.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jar-Yi Ho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-S.W.); (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-L.W.); (C.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-S.W.); (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-L.W.); (C.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Cho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-S.W.); (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-L.W.); (C.-S.H.)
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-S.W.); (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-L.W.); (C.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shuo Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-S.W.); (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-L.W.); (C.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-S.W.); (J.-Y.H.); (C.-P.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-L.W.); (C.-S.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-W.G.); (D.-S.Y.)
| | - Dah-Shyong Yu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-W.G.); (D.-S.Y.)
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10
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Allegra A, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Anticancer Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potentials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1739. [PMID: 32532056 PMCID: PMC7352773 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative treatments for neoplastic diseases with new drugs are necessary because the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is often reduced by collateral effects. Several natural substances of plant origin have been demonstrated to be successful in the prevention and treatment of numerous tumors. Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a herb that is cultivated in diverse areas of the world. There is increasing attention being directed towards the pharmaceutical capacities of rosemary, utilized for its anti-inflammatory, anti-infective or anticancer action. The antitumor effect of rosemary has been related to diverse mechanisms, such as the antioxidant effect, antiangiogenic properties, epigenetic actions, regulation of the immune response and anti-inflammatory response, modification of specific metabolic pathways, and increased expression of onco-suppressor genes. In this review, we aim to report the results of preclinical studies dealing with the anticancer effects of rosemary, the molecular mechanisms related to these actions, and the interactions between rosemary and anticancer drugs. The prospect of utilizing rosemary as an agent in the treatment of different neoplastic diseases is discussed. However, although the use of rosemary in the therapy of neoplasms constitutes a fascinating field of study, large and controlled studies must be conducted to definitively clarify the real impact of this substance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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11
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Fang W, Peng ZL, Dai YJ, Wang DL, Huang P, Huang HP. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated realgar nanoparticles exhibit enhanced anticancer therapeutic efficacy against acute promyelocytic leukemia. Drug Deliv 2020; 26:1058-1067. [PMID: 31735064 PMCID: PMC6882473 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1672830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Realgar and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are natural medicines that inhibit cancer cell growth, resulting in inhibition of formation and development of tumors. The anticancer effects of realgar and EGCG were greatly improved following formulation as nanoparticles. EGCG has received increased attention as a drug carrier. The aim of this study was to prepare a new nanomedicine, (EGCG-RNPs), in which encapsulated nano-realgar. EGCG-RNPs were prepared by coprecipitation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size and zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in vitro release. Furthermore, we evaluated the antiproliferative effects of EGCG-RNPs on HL-60 cells in vitro, antitumor effect by intratumoral injection of EGCG-RNPs into solid tumors derived from APL HL-60 cells in vivo. Possible mechanisms were evaluated using uptake and efflux experiments in HL-60 cells. The results showed that the average particle size and zeta potentials of EGCG-RNPs was 200.3 ± 1.23 nm and −46.8 ± 1.31 mV. Controlled release of EGCG-RNPs was sustained and continued up to 72 h in vitro. Compared with nano-realgar and EGCG + RNPs (EGCG and nano-realgar physical mixing), EGCG-RNPs significantly inhibited growth of HL-60 cells. In a solid tumor model, EGCG-RNPs decreased tumor volumes, with an inhibitory rate of 60.18% at a dose of 70 mg · kg−1. The mechanisms of antitumor improvement may correlate with the increased uptake of realgar and prolonged the retention time of realgar in HL-60 cells due to EGCG as a carrier. EGCG-RNPs could enhance anticancer therapeutic efficacy for acute promyelocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao Liang Peng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, ShangHai, China
| | - Ya Ji Dai
- Anhui Second People's Hospital, HeFei, Anhui, China
| | - Dian Lei Wang
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Huang
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - He Ping Huang
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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12
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Nam SM, Jeon YJ. Proteostasis In The Endoplasmic Reticulum: Road to Cure. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1793. [PMID: 31739582 PMCID: PMC6895847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected organelle that is responsible for the biosynthesis, folding, maturation, stabilization, and trafficking of transmembrane and secretory proteins. Therefore, cells evolve protein quality-control equipment of the ER to ensure protein homeostasis, also termed proteostasis. However, disruption in the folding capacity of the ER caused by a large variety of pathophysiological insults leads to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in this organelle, known as ER stress. Upon ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) of the ER is activated, integrates ER stress signals, and transduces the integrated signals to relive ER stress, thereby leading to the re-establishment of proteostasis. Intriguingly, severe and persistent ER stress and the subsequently sustained unfolded protein response (UPR) are closely associated with tumor development, angiogenesis, aggressiveness, immunosuppression, and therapeutic response of cancer. Additionally, the UPR interconnects various processes in and around the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it has begun to be delineated that pharmacologically and genetically manipulating strategies directed to target the UPR of the ER might exhibit positive clinical outcome in cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the UPR of the ER and the UPR of the ER-mitochondria interconnection. We also highlight new insights into how the UPR of the ER in response to pathophysiological perturbations is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. We provide the concept to target the UPR of the ER, eventually discussing the potential of therapeutic interventions for targeting the UPR of the ER for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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13
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Abstract
Naturally occurring food-derived active ingredients have received huge attention for their chemopreventive and chemotherapy capabilities in several diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid ester and a naturally-occurring phenolic compound in a number of plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) from which it was formerly isolated. RA intervenes in carcinogenesis through different ways, including in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and inflammation. On the other hand, it also exerts powerful antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and even antidepressant, anti-aging effects. The present review aims to provide an overview on anticancer activities of RA and to deliberate its therapeutic potential against a wide variety of diseases. Given the current evidence, RA may be considered as part of the daily diet in the treatment of several diseases, with pre-determined doses avoiding cytotoxicity.
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14
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Miret-Casals L, Baelo A, Julián E, Astola J, Lobo-Ruiz A, Albericio F, Torrents E. Hydroxylamine Derivatives as a New Paradigm in the Search of Antibacterial Agents. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17057-17069. [PMID: 31458325 PMCID: PMC6643834 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Serious infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics have become a major global healthcare problem in the 21st century. Multidrug-resistant bacteria causing severe infections mainly grow in complex bacterial communities known as biofilms, in which bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents and to the host immune system is strengthened. As drug resistance is becoming a threatening problem, it is necessary to develop new antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action. Here, we designed and synthesized a small library of N-substituted hydroxylamine (N-HA) compounds with antibacterial activity. These compounds, acting as radical scavengers, inhibit the bacterial ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme. RNR enzyme is essential for bacterial proliferation during infection, as it provides the building blocks for DNA synthesis and repair. We demonstrate the broad antimicrobial effect of several drug candidates against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, together with low toxicity toward eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, the most promising compounds can reduce the biomass of an established biofilm on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. This study settles the starting point to develop new N-hydroxylamine compounds as potential effective antibacterial agents to fight against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Miret-Casals
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès,
1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Baelo
- Bacterial
Infections: Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Julián
- Group
of Mycobacteriology, Department of Genetics
and Microbiology, Facultat de Biociències Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Building C, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Astola
- Bacterial
Infections: Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Lobo-Ruiz
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès,
1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès,
1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, C/ Martí i Franquès,
1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, University of
Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial
Infections: Antimicrobial Therapies, Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Campos JF, Espindola PPDT, Torquato HFV, Vital WD, Justo GZ, Silva DB, Carollo CA, de Picoli Souza K, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Dos Santos EL. Leaf and Root Extracts from Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) Promote Apoptotic Death of Leukemic Cells via Activation of Intracellular Calcium and Caspase-3. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:466. [PMID: 28855870 PMCID: PMC5558464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical studies are seeking new alternatives to prevent or treat cancer, including different types of leukemias. Campomanesia adamantium, commonly known as guavira or guabiroba, exhibits pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. Considering the anticancer potential of this plant species, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antileukemic activity and the chemical composition of aqueous extracts from the leaves (AECL) and roots (AECR) of C. adamantium and their possible mechanisms of action. The extracts were analyzed by LC-DAD-MS, and their constituents were identified based on the UV, MS, and MS/MS data. The AECL and AECR showed different chemical compositions, which were identified as main compounds glycosylated flavonols from AECL and ellagic acid and their derivatives from AECR. The cytotoxicity promoted by these extracts were evaluated using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Jurkat leukemic cell line. The cell death profile was evaluated using annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide labeling. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, the activity of caspases, and intracellular calcium levels were assessed. The cell cycle profile was evaluated using propidium iodide. Both extracts caused concentration-dependent cytotoxicity only in Jurkat cells via late apoptosis. This activity was associated with loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases-9 and -3, changes in intracellular calcium levels, and cell cycle arrest in S-phase. Therefore, the antileukemic activity of the AECL and AECR is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular messengers, which activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Hence, aqueous extracts of the leaves and roots of C. adamantium show therapeutic potential for use in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated the proliferation of tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline F Campos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
| | - Priscilla P de Toledo Espindola
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
| | - Heron F V Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Braz Cubas UniversityMogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Wagner D Vital
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das CruzesMogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise B Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulMato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Carollo
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulMato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das CruzesMogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Edson L Dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
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16
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Thiosemicarbazone derivatives, thiazolyl hydrazones, effectively inhibit leukemic tumor cell growth: Down-regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity and synergism with arabinofuranosylcytosine. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:53-62. [PMID: 28716444 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular growth inhibition exerted by thiosemicarbazones is mainly attributed to down-regulation of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity, with RNR being responsible for the rate-limiting step of de novo DNA synthesis. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of three newly synthesized thiosemicarbazone derivatives, thiazolyl hydrazones, in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. The cytotoxicity of compounds alone and in combination with arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC) was determined by growth inhibition assays. Effects on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations were quantified by HPLC, and the incorporation of radio-labeled 14C-cytidine into nascent DNA was measured using a beta counter. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by FACS, and protein levels of RNR subunits and checkpoint kinases were evaluated by Western blotting. VG12, VG19, and VG22 dose-dependently decreased intracellular dNTP concentrations, impaired cell cycle progression and, consequently, inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells. VG19 also lowered the protein levels of RNR subunits R1 and R2 and significantly diminished the incorporation of radio-labeled 14C-cytidine, being equivalent to an inhibition of DNA synthesis. Combination of thiazolyl hydrazones with AraC synergistically potentiated the antiproliferative effects seen with each drug alone and might therefore improve conventional chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of human malignancies such as acute promyelocytic or chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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17
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Yang YL, Gong WY, Chen FF, Chen LC, Chen YT. pPe Op from Omphalia lapidescens Schroet induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits the migration of MC-4 gastric tumor cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:533-540. [PMID: 28693202 PMCID: PMC5494755 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of purified Omphalia lapidescens protein (pPeOp) extracted by polyvinylpyrrolidone from the fungus Omphalia lapidescens Schroet on the proliferation and cell cycle progression of MC-4 human gastric tumor cells. Using polyvinylpyrrolidone, pPeOp was extracted from O. lapidescens Schroet. MC-4 cells were cultured with 30, 60 or 90 µg/ml pPeOp, with 5-fluorouracil used as a positive control. Survival rates of treated cells were significantly decreased compared with those of the untreated control group in a dose-dependent manner. Using flow cytometric analysis, cells treated with pPeOp were demonstrated to arrest in S phase and exhibit abnormal G0/G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle distribution. In addition, a wound healing assay demonstrated that pPeOp significantly inhibited the migration of MC-4 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, cyclin B/CDK1, cyclin A/CDK2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting. The mRNA expression level of CDK4 and cyclin A was significantly increased compared with the untreated control; however, cyclin D1, CDK1, CDK2, cyclin B, MMP-2, and MMP-9 exhibited a significantly decreased mRNA expression level, indicating that there is a negative association between concentration and cyclin D1 expression levels. The expression of the cycle arrest-associated proteins and migration-associated proteins examined were similar to the observed mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, pPeOp was identified to inhibit migration of and cause S phase cell cycle arrest in MC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Le Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yao Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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18
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Wang D, Chen Q, Tan Y, Liu B, Liu C. Ellagic acid inhibits human glioblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:1084-1092. [PMID: 28035411 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is present in various fruits and plants and has recently been found to possess anticarcinogenic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti‑glioblastoma effect of EA and its mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. We first studied the anticancer activity of EA in U87 and U118 human glioblastoma cell lines. The cell viability and cell proliferation were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining respectively. The cell cycle was detected with propidium iodide staining method by flow cytometry and the DNA damage of the cells caused by EA exposure was evaluated by detection of γ-H2AX foci. Then we examined the effect of EA on tumor growth in glioblastoma xenografted mice, and expression of Akt and Notch signaling and their target gene products were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. As a result, we found that the cell viability and proliferation of glioblastoma cells treated with EA were significantly suppressed compared with the control; EA significantly increased the proportion of cells in the S phase accompanied by a decrease in the population in the G1 and G2/M phase in both cell lines. Meanwhile, the level of DNA damage in the EA-treated group was significantly higher than that of the control. Treatment of glioblastoma in xenografted mice by EA led to a significant suppression in tumor growth. EA upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and inhibited the expression of Snail, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. EA also inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and CDK6 in U87 xenograft tissues. In addition, significant suppression of Akt and Notch was found in the xenografts of the tumor-bearing mice treated with EA. These data indicate that EA can suppress glioblastoma proliferation and invasion by inhibiting the Akt and Notch signaling pathways, which suggests that EA may be beneficial for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yinqiu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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19
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Cai Y, Zhang J, Chen NG, Shi Z, Qiu J, He C, Chen M. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems of Tannins. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:665-701. [PMID: 28004409 DOI: 10.1002/med.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tannins, polyphenols in medicinal plants, have been divided into two groups of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, including gallotannins, ellagitannins, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Potent anticancer activities have been observed in tannins (especially EGCG) with multiple mechanisms, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of invasion and metastases. Furthermore, the combinational effects of tannins and anticancer drugs have been demonstrated in this review, including chemoprotective, chemosensitive, and antagonizing effects accompanying with anticancer effect. However, the applications of tannins have been hindered due to their poor liposolubility, low bioavailability, off-taste, and shorter half-life time in human body, such as EGCG, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. To tackle these obstacles, novel drug delivery systems have been employed to deliver tannins with the aim of improving their applications, such as gelatin nanoparticles, micelles, nanogold, liposomes, and so on. In this review, the chemical characteristics, anticancer properties, and drug delivery systems of tannins were discussed with an attempt to provide a systemic reference to promote the development of tannins as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Nelson G Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiange Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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20
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Moore J, Yousef M, Tsiani E. Anticancer Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract and Rosemary Extract Polyphenols. Nutrients 2016; 8:E731. [PMID: 27869665 PMCID: PMC5133115 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display enhanced growth rates and a resistance to apoptosis. The ability of cancer cells to evade homeostasis and proliferate uncontrollably while avoiding programmed cell death/apoptosis is acquired through mutations to key signaling molecules, which regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. Compounds of plant origin, including food components, have attracted scientific attention for use as agents for cancer prevention and treatment. The exploration into natural products offers great opportunity to evaluate new anticancer agents as well as understand novel and potentially relevant mechanisms of action. Rosemary extract has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer properties. Rosemary extract contains many polyphenols with carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid found in highest concentrations. The present review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on the anticancer effects of rosemary extract and the rosemary extract polyphenols carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, and their effects on key signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Moore
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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21
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Kucinska M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Lisiak N, Kaczmarek M, Dams-Kozlowska H, Granig WH, Höferl M, Jäger W, Zehl M, Murias M, Erker T. Selective anticancer activity of the novel thiobenzanilide 63T against human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:148-161. [PMID: 27660182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, it has been reported that molecules built on the benzanilide and thiobenzanilide scaffold are the promising groups of compounds with several biological activities including antifungal, antimycotic, antibacterial, spasmolytic, and anticancer ones. In this study the mechanism of action of one selected thiobenzanilide derivative N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis3,4,5-trifluorobenzothioamide (63T) with strongest cytotoxic activity has been investigated for the first time in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and normal lung derived fibroblast (CCD39Lu) in a cell culture model. The results demonstrated, that 63T can be considered a selective anticancer compound. Based on these results, several experiments including the analysis of cellular morphology, cell phase distribution, cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy detection were performed to understand better the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity. The data showed that 63T is a small molecule compound, which selectively induces cancer cell death in a caspase independent pathway; moreover, the autophagic dose-dependent processes may be involved in the mechanism of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Lisiak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Walter H Granig
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Höferl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Thomas Erker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Asada K, Canestrari E, Paroo Z. A druggable target for rescuing microRNA defects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4942-4946. [PMID: 27641467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite immense promise, development of microRNA (miRNA) therapeutics remains limited by pharmacodynamic challenges that have hindered progress of related oligonucleotide-based technologies. Recent discovery of enzymes that mediate miRNA metabolism represent potential pharmacological targets for directing miRNA function, circumventing barriers associated with oligonucleotides. We previously identified the Translin/Trax (TN/TX) ribonuclease complex as a pre-miRNA degrading enzyme that competes with pre-miRNA processing by Dicer. Here, we establish a high-throughput TN/TX assay and screened 2320 drug and natural product compounds for inhibitors of TN/TX. Secondary analyses demonstrate small molecule mediated inhibition of pre-miRNA degradation by TN/TX and enhanced miRNA processing by Dicer. This application of traditional enzyme-inhibitor pharmacology to the miRNA pathway establishes a druggable target for rescuing global miRNA defects, providing an important complement to current approaches towards miRNA therapeutics. More broadly, demonstrating feasibility of pharmacological targeting of the 'ribonucleome' is particularly important given emerging classes of regulatory RNA and growing understanding of their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Asada
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Emanuele Canestrari
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zain Paroo
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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23
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Lopez TE, Pham HM, Barbour J, Tran P, Van Nguyen B, Hogan SP, Homo RL, Coskun V, Schriner SE, Jafari M. The impact of green tea polyphenols on development and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster. J Funct Foods 2016; 20:556-566. [PMID: 26693252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although, green tea has numerous health benefits, adverse effects with excessive consumption have been reported. Using Drosophila melanogaster, a decrease in male fertility with green tea was evidenced. Here, the extent of green tea toxicity on development and reproduction was investigated. Drosophila melanogaster embryos and larvae were exposed to various doses of green tea polyphenols (GTP). Larvae exposed to 10 mg/mL GTP were slower to develop, emerged smaller, and exhibited a dramatic decline in the number of emerged offspring. GTP protected flies against desiccation but sensitized them to starvation and heat stress. Female offspring exhibited a decline in reproductive output and decreased survival while males were unaffected. GTP had a negative impact on reproductive organs in both males and females (e.g., atrophic testes in males, absence of mature eggs in females). Collectively, the data show that high doses of GTP adversely affect development and reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry E Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hoang M Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Julia Barbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Phillip Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Van Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sean P Hogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Richelle L Homo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Volkan Coskun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Samuel E Schriner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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24
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Rivas A, Vidal RL, Hetz C. Targeting the unfolded protein response for disease intervention. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1203-18. [PMID: 26166159 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1053869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) generates a stress condition that engages the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is an adaptive reaction that aims to reestablish ER proteostasis by recovering the folding capacity of the cell. However, chronic ER stress results in apoptosis. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on discussing the emerging role of the UPR as a driver of several human pathologies including diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The involvement of specific UPR signaling components on different diseases is highlighted based on preclinical models and pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the pathway. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic strategies directed to regulate the activity of different UPR signaling arms may reduce stress levels with a therapeutic gain. Recent drug discovery efforts have identified small molecules that target specific UPR components, providing protection on various disease models. However, important side effects are predicted in the chronic administration due to the fundamental role of the UPR in highly secretory organs such as liver and pancreas. To overcome these problems, we propose the use of combinatorial treatments of selected drugs with natural compounds that are known to modulate the ER proteostasis network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rivas
- University of Chile, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine , Santiago , Chile
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