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Mu J, Lin Q, Chen Y, Wang J, Yu X, Huang F, Liu X, Fang Y, Li Y, Zhu B, Liang Y. Rice bran active peptide (RBAP) inhibited macrophage differentiation to foam cell and atherosclerosis in mice via regulating cholesterol efflux. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155864. [PMID: 39032281 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a long-lasting inflammatory condition affecting the walls of arteries, marked by the buildup of fats, plaque formation, and vascular remodeling. Recent findings highlight the significance of cholesterol removal pathways in influencing atherosclerosis, yet the connection between cholesterol removal and regulation of macrophage inflammation remains poorly understood. RBAP could serve as an anti-inflammatory agent; however, its role in atherosclerosis and the mechanism behind it are still not well understood. PURPOSE The objective of this research is to explore how RBAP impacts cholesterol efflux, which is a considerable element in the advancement of atherosclerosis. METHODS An atherosclerosis mouse model was established by using an ApoE KO strain mouse on a high-fat diet (HFD) to assess the effects of RBAP, conducted either orally or through injection. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted where the induction of THP-1 cells was conducted for the differentiation towards macrophages, and along with mouse RAW264.7 cells, were challenged with ox-LDL to evaluate the impact of RBAP. RESULTS In this study, RBAP was found to reduce the production and downregulate TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels and inhibited the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in atherosclerosis model mice, as well as in ox-LDL-challenged THP-1 cells and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. RBAP's effectiveness also improved the enhancement of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and cholesterol removal to HDL and apoA1 by increasing the activity of genes related to cholesterol removal PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1/ABCG1, both in ApoE-/- mice and in THP-1 cells and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Notably, RBAP exerted similar effects on atherosclerosis model mice and macrophages to those of TAK-242, an inhibitor of the TLR4 signaling. When RBAP and TAK-242 were applied simultaneously, the improvement was not enhanced compared with either RBAP or TAK-242 treatment alone. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RBAP, as a TLR4 inhibitor, has anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving inflammation and promoting cholesterol effection, indicating its therapeutic potential in intervening atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Mu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xudong Yu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fang Huang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yusheng Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China.
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Li H, Huang Z, Zeng F. Opuntia dillenii Haw. Polysaccharide Promotes Cholesterol Efflux in THP-1-Derived Foam Cells via the PPARγ-LXRα Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248639. [PMID: 36557773 PMCID: PMC9781717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence supporting a role for enhanced macrophage cholesterol efflux in ameliorating atherosclerosis. Opuntia dillenii Haw. polysaccharide (ODP-Ia), the most important functional component obtained from Opuntia dillenii Haw. stem, has anti-atherosclerosis effects. Therefore, we propose that ODP-Ia could promote cholesterol efflux via the PPARγ-LXRα signaling pathway. In this study, THP-1 foam cells derived from macrophages were treated with different concentrations of ODP-Ia, GGPP (antagonist of LXRα) and GW9662 (antagonist of PPARγ), with or without 15 nmol ODP-Ia. The total cholesterol content in the cells was measured. The mRNA of ABCA1, ABCG1, PPARγ, LXRα and their protein levels in the foam cells were detected by RT−PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that ODP-Ia plays a role in significantly promoting cholesterol efflux (p < 0.05) by upregulating the expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-BI, PPARγ, PPARα and LXRα. Meanwhile, PPARγ and LXRα antagonists dramatically interfered the cholesterol efflux mediated by ODP-Ia (p < 0.05) and dramatically inhibited the upregulating effect of ODP-Ia on the expression of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG1 at both protein and mRNA levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ODP-Ia promotes cholesterol efflux in the foam cells through activating the PPARγ-LXRα signaling pathway. This bioactivity suggested that ODP-Ia may be of benefit in treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 504048, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhenchi Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Fuhua Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
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CHENG X, ZHAO C, JIN Z, HU J, ZHANG Z, ZHANG C. Natural products: potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:830-845. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vesnina A, Prosekov A, Atuchin V, Minina V, Ponasenko A. Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8233. [PMID: 35897799 PMCID: PMC9368664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: "How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?" Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body's antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vesnina
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Research Department, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Victor Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
- R&D Center “Advanced Electronic Technologies”, Tomsk State University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Varvara Minina
- Department of Genetic and Fundamental Medicine, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Ponasenko
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia;
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Zhang YG, Liu XX, Zong JC, Zhang YTJ, Dong R, Wang N, Ma ZH, Li L, Wang SL, Mu YL, Wang SS, Liu ZM, Han LW. Investigation Driven by Network Pharmacology on Potential Components and Mechanism of DGS, a Natural Vasoprotective Combination, for the Phytotherapy of Coronary Artery Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134075. [PMID: 35807320 PMCID: PMC9268537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy offers obvious advantages in the intervention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), but it is difficult to clarify the working mechanisms of the medicinal materials it uses. DGS is a natural vasoprotective combination that was screened out in our previous research, yet its potential components and mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, in this study, HPLC-MS and network pharmacology were employed to identify the active components and key signaling pathways of DGS. Transgenic zebrafish and HUVECs cell assays were used to evaluate the effectiveness of DGS. A total of 37 potentially active compounds were identified that interacted with 112 potential targets of CAD. Furthermore, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, relaxin, VEGF, and other signal pathways were determined to be the most promising DGS-mediated pathways. NO kit, ELISA, and Western blot results showed that DGS significantly promoted NO and VEGFA secretion via the upregulation of VEGFR2 expression and the phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, and eNOS to cause angiogenesis and vasodilation. The result of dynamics molecular docking indicated that Salvianolic acid C may be a key active component of DGS in the treatment of CAD. In conclusion, this study has shed light on the network molecular mechanism of DGS for the intervention of CAD using a network pharmacology-driven strategy for the first time to aid in the intervention of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Gang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
| | - Xia-Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Zong
- Chenland Research Institute, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (J.-C.Z.); (L.L.); (S.-L.W.)
| | - Yang-Teng-Jiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
| | - Rong Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
| | - Na Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Li Li
- Chenland Research Institute, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (J.-C.Z.); (L.L.); (S.-L.W.)
| | - Shang-Long Wang
- Chenland Research Institute, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (J.-C.Z.); (L.L.); (S.-L.W.)
| | - Yan-Ling Mu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
| | - Song-Song Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
| | - Zi-Min Liu
- Chenland Nutritionals Inc., Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Li-Wen Han
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China; (Y.-G.Z.); (X.-X.L.); (Y.-T.-J.Z.); (R.D.); (N.W.); (Z.-H.M.); (Y.-L.M.); (S.-S.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-M.L.); (L.-W.H.)
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Malekmohammad K, Bezsonov EE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Role of Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:707529. [PMID: 34552965 PMCID: PMC8450356 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven and maladaptive inflammatory disease of arterial intima. It is characterized by the dysfunction of lipid homeostasis and signaling pathways that control the inflammation. This article reviews the role of inflammation and lipid accumulation, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with more emphasis on cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, this review will briefly highlight the role of medicinal plants, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNAs in the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of atherosclerosis. Lipid homeostasis at various levels, including receptor-mediated uptake, synthesis, storage, metabolism, efflux, and its impairments are important for the development of atherosclerosis. The major source of cholesterol and lipid accumulation in the arterial wall is proatherogenic modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL). Modified lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and LDL binding with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix in the intima of blood vessels, cause aggregation of lipoprotein particles, endothelial damage, leukocyte recruitment, foam cell formation, and inflammation. Inflammation is the key contributor to atherosclerosis and participates in all phases of atherosclerosis. Also, several studies have shown that microRNAs and lncRNAs have appeared as key regulators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes in atherosclerosis, including regulation of HDL biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, lipid metabolism, regulating of smooth muscle proliferation, and controlling of inflammation. Thus, both lipid homeostasis and the inflammatory immune response are closely linked, and their cellular and molecular pathways interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Varghese DS, Ali BR. Pathological Crosstalk Between Oxidized LDL and ER Stress in Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674103. [PMID: 34124059 PMCID: PMC8187772 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative modification of the major cholesterol carrying lipoprotein, oxLDL, is a biomarker as well as a pathological factor in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and other metabolic diseases. Perturbed cellular homeostasis due to physiological, pathological and pharmacological factors hinder the proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is the major hub for protein folding and processing, lipid biosynthesis and calcium storage, thereby leading to ER stress. The cellular response to ER stress is marked by a defensive mechanism called unfolded protein response (UPR), wherein the cell adapts strategies that favor survival. Under conditions of excessive ER stress, when the survival mechanisms fail to restore balance, UPR switches to apoptosis and eliminates the defective cells. ER stress is a major hallmark in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Though the pathological link between oxLDL and ER stress in cardiovascular diseases is well-documented, its involvement in other diseases is still largely unexplored. This review provides a deep insight into the common mechanisms in the pathogenicity of diseases involving oxLDL and ER stress as key players. In addition, the potential therapeutic intervention of the targets implicated in the pathogenic processes are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Proatherogenic Sialidases and Desialylated Lipoproteins: 35 Years of Research and Current State from Bench to Bedside. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060600. [PMID: 34070542 PMCID: PMC8228531 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the main achievements in basic and clinical research of atherosclerosis. Focusing on desialylation as the first and the most important reaction of proatherogenic pathological cascade, we speak of how desialylation increases the atherogenic properties of low density lipoproteins and decreases the anti-atherogenic properties of high density lipoproteins. The separate sections of this paper are devoted to immunogenicity of lipoproteins, the enzymes contributing to their desialylation and animal models of atherosclerosis. In addition, we evaluate the available experimental and diagnostic protocols that can be used to develop new therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis.
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Orekhov AN, Gerasimova EV, Sukhorukov VN, Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG. Do Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Play a Key Role in the Chronification of Sterile Inflammation? Special Focus on Atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:276-292. [PMID: 33045961 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201012164330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the elucidation of mechanisms implicated in the chronification of inflammation is to shed light on the pathogenesis of disorders that are responsible for the majority of the incidences of diseases and deaths, and also causes of ageing. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most significant inflammatory pathology. The inflammatory response of innate immunity is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis arising locally or focally. Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was regarded as the trigger for this response. No atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall occur due to the quick decrease in inflammation rate. Nonetheless, the atherosclerotic lesion formation can be a result of the chronification of local inflammation, which, in turn, is caused by alteration of the response of innate immunity. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discussed potential mechanisms of the altered response of the immunity in atherosclerosis with a particular emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunctions. CONCLUSION A few mitochondrial dysfunctions can be caused by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Moreover, mtDNA mutations were found to affect the development of defective mitophagy. Modern investigations have demonstrated the controlling mitophagy function in response to the immune system. Therefore, we hypothesized that impaired mitophagy, as a consequence of mutations in mtDNA, can raise a disturbed innate immunity response, resulting in the chronification of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Gerasimova
- V. A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Nikita G Nikiforov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Kaushik S, Kaushik S, Kumar R, Dar L, Yadav JP. In-vitro and in silico activity of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Gaur) L. supercritical extract against the dengue-2 virus. Virusdisease 2020; 31:470-478. [PMID: 32904730 PMCID: PMC7457901 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our health and wealth are highly influenced by a number of viruses. Dengue is one of them having a global influence in absence of vaccines and antiviral. WHO suggested that the morbidity of dengue is increasing more than 6 times from 0.5 million in 2010 to over 3.34 million in 2016, following a sharp increase in 2019. The aim of the present study is to check the in vitro and in silico anti-dengue activity of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba supercritical extract in cell lines. The optimum yield of supercritical extract was obtained 0.13 g/10 g (1.3% w/w) at 40 °C temp and 15 MPa pressure and further characterized by GC-MS. The antiviral assay was performed on C6/36 cell lines with 100 copies of dengue-2 virus and maximum non-toxic dose (31.25 µg/ml) of supercritical extract and their effect was detected by real-time RT-PCR. This study revealed that C. tetragonoloba supercritical extract inhibited the dengue-2 virus (99.9%). GC-MS analysis of C. tetragonoloba supercritical extract showed the presence of 10 compounds. The major compounds identified were Hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl-methyl ester (24.498%); 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride, (z,z)- (23.718%); methyl dodecanoic acid (13.228%); methyl-stearate (8.696%); Tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl-ester (8.426%), dodecanoic acid (6.102%). The study reveals that C. tetragonoloba can be exploited to develop an effective, inexpensive, and specific anti-dengue. The molecular docking study demonstrated the binding energy of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester (- 4.1 kcal/mol), 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride (z,z) (- 4.0 kcal/mol) ligands were higher than others. It is concluded that C. tetragonoloba can play a major role to inhibit dengue-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Kaushik
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Lalit Dar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Jaya Parkash Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Qu C, Liu X, Guo Y, Fo Y, Chen X, Zhou J, Yang B. MiR-128-3p inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by repressing FOXO4/MMP9 signaling pathway. Mol Med 2020; 26:116. [PMID: 33238881 PMCID: PMC7687681 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as important participants in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). The present study explored the role of miR-128-3p in the dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the underlying mechanism. Methods Human VSMCs and ApoE knockout (ApoE−/−) C57BL/6J mice were used to establish AS cell and animal models, respectively. Expression levels of miR-128-3p, forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. CCK-8, BrdU, and Transwell assays as well as flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of VSMCs. Levels of inflammatory cytokines and lipids in human VSMCs, mice serum and mice VSMCs were also determined. The binding site between miR-128-3p and 3′UTR of FOXO4 was confirmed using luciferase reporter gene assay. Results MiR-128-3p was found to be decreased in AS patient serum, ox-LDL-treated VSMCs, AS mice serum and VSMCs of AS mice. Transfection of miR-128-3p mimics suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, accompanied by the promoted apoptosis and the decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Further experiments confirmed the interaction between miR-128-3p and FOXO4. Augmentation of FOXO4 or MMP9 reversed the effects of miR-128-3p. Besides, miR-128-3p inhibited triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the serum of AS mice. Conclusion MiR-128-3p repressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through inhibiting the expressions of FOXO4 and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhong Fo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jining Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No.238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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12
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Li W, Yu J, Xiao X, Zang L, Yang Y, Yu J, Huang Q, Niu X, Li W. Imperatorin reduces the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107170. [PMID: 33218940 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis (AS). Inhibition of inflammation is an effective way to prevent AS. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin with various activities. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of IMP was explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced VSMCs and high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/- mice. The results showed that IMP attenuated the elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and NO induced by ox-LDL in supernatant of VSMCs. IMP has normalized the levels of serum lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C) and attenuated inflammatory cytokines in serum. IMP also improved pathological changes and lipid accumulation in aorta. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in aorta was down-regulated by IMP. IMP could inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPKs pathway in the aorta and VSMCs, resulting in a significant decrease in the contents of p-ERK 1/2, p-JNK and p-P38. Overall, IMP could exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro to interfere with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lulu Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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13
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Almowallad S, Huwait E, Al-Massabi R, Saddeek S, Gauthaman K, Prola A. Punicalagin Regulates Key Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis in THP-1 Cellular Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E372. [PMID: 33171640 PMCID: PMC7695206 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis may lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the primary cause of death globally. In addition to conventional therapeutics for CVD, use of nutraceuticals that prevents cholesterol deposition, reduce existing plaques and hence anti-atherosclerotic effects of nutraceuticals appeared to be promising. As such, in the present study we evaluated the beneficial effects of punicalagin, a phytochemical against an atherosclerotic cell model in vitro. Cytotoxicity assays were examined for 10 µM concentration of punicalagin on THP-1 macrophages. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expressions. Monocyte migration and cholesterol efflux assays were performed to investigate punicalagin's further impact on the key steps of atherosclerosis. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated no significant toxicity for punicalagin (10 µM) on THP-1 macrophages. Punicalagin inhibited the IFN-γ-induced overexpression of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 in macrophages by 10 fold and 3.49 fold, respectively, compared to the control. Punicalagin also reduced the MCP-1- mediated migration of monocytes by 28% compared to the control. Percentages of cellular cholesterol efflux were enhanced in presence or absence of IFN-γ by 88% and 84% compared to control with 58 %and 62%, respectively. Punicalagin possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Punicalagin also did not exhibit any cytotoxicity and therefore can be considered a safe and potential candidate for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Almowallad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-M.); (S.S.)
- Cell Culture Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Etimad Huwait
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-M.); (S.S.)
- Cell Culture Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Al-Massabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-M.); (S.S.)
- Cell Culture Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Saddeek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-M.); (S.S.)
- Cell Culture Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalamegam Gauthaman
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandre Prola
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;
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14
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Markin AM, Sobenin IA, Grechko AV, Zhang D, Orekhov AN. Cellular Mechanisms of Human Atherogenesis: Focus on Chronification of Inflammation and Mitochondrial Mutations. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:642. [PMID: 32528276 PMCID: PMC7247837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system that leads to the development of life-threatening conditions, such as heart attack and stroke. Arthrosclerosis affects various arteries in the human body, but is especially dangerous in the arteries alimenting heart and brain, aorta, and arteries of the lower limbs. By its pathophysiology, atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. During the pathological process, lesions of arterial intima in the form of focal thickening are observed, which form atherosclerotic plaques as the disease progresses further. Given the significance of atherosclerosis for the global health, the search for novel effective therapies is highly prioritized. However, despite the constant progress, our understanding of the mechanisms of atherogenesis is still incomplete. One of the remaining puzzles in atherosclerosis development is the focal distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall. It implies the existence of certain mosaicism within the tissue, with some areas more susceptible to disease development than others, which may prove to be important for novel therapy development. There are many hypotheses explaining this phenomenon, for example, the influence of viruses, and the spread in the endothelium of the vessel multinucleated giant endothelial cells. We suggest the local variations of the mitochondrial genome as a possible explanation of this mosaicism. In this review, we discuss the role of genetic variations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that influence the development of atherosclerosis. Changes in the mitochondrial and nuclear genome have been identified as independent factors for the development of the disease, as well as potential diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Markin
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Orekhov AN, Nikiforov NN, Ivanova EA, Sobenin IA. Possible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Chronification of Inflammation: Focus on Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040978. [PMID: 32244740 PMCID: PMC7230212 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronification of inflammation is the process that lies at the basis of several human diseases that make up to 80% of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It can also explain a great deal of processes related to aging. Atherosclerosis is an example of the most important chronic inflammatory pathology in terms of public health impact. Atherogenesis is based on the inflammatory response of the innate immunity arising locally or focally. The main trigger for this response appears to be modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although other factors may also play a role. With the quick resolution of inflammation, atherosclerotic changes in the arterial wall do not occur. However, a violation of the innate immunity response can lead to chronification of local inflammation and, as a result, to atherosclerotic lesion formation. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of the impaired immune response with a special focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Some mitochondrial dysfunctions may be due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Several mitochondrial DNA mutations leading to defective mitophagy have been identified. The regulatory role of mitophagy in the immune response has been shown in recent studies. We suggest that defective mitophagy promoted by mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause innate immunity disorders leading to chronification of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory for Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (E.A.I.); Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66 (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikita N. Nikiforov
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.N.O.); (E.A.I.); Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66 (A.N.O.)
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
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16
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Summerhill VI, Grechko AV, Yet SF, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. The Atherogenic Role of Circulating Modified Lipids in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3561. [PMID: 31330845 PMCID: PMC6678182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in the arterial wall is a crucial event in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major source of lipids that accumulate in the atherosclerotic plaques. It was discovered that not all LDL is atherogenic. In the blood plasma of atherosclerotic patients, LDL particles are the subject of multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications that determine their atherogenicity. Desialylation is the primary and the most important atherogenic LDL modification followed by a cascade of other modifications that also increase blood atherogenicity. The enzyme trans-sialidase is responsible for the desialylation of LDL, therefore, its activity plays an important role in atherosclerosis development. Moreover, circulating modified LDL is associated with immune complexes that also have a strong atherogenic potential. Moreover, it was shown that antibodies to modified LDL are also atherogenic. The properties of modified LDL were described, and the strong evidence indicating that it is capable of inducing intracellular accumulation of lipids was presented. The accumulated evidence indicated that the molecular properties of modified LDL, including LDL-containing immune complexes can serve as the prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets for the development of anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha I Summerhill
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, Moscow 109240, Russia
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.
- Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia.
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia.
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17
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Kim JY, Shim SH. Medicinal Herbs Effective Against Atherosclerosis: Classification According to Mechanism of Action. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:254-264. [PMID: 30917628 PMCID: PMC6513182 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a widespread and chronic progressive arterial disease that has been regarded as one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is caused by the deposition of cholesterol, fats, and other substances in the tunica intima which leads to narrowing of the blood vessels, loss of elasticity, and arterial wall thickening, thus causing difficulty in blood flow. Natural products have been used as one of the most important strategies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases for a long time. In recent decades, as interests in natural products including medicinal herbs have increased, many studies regarding natural compounds that are effective against atherosclerosis have been conducted. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief over-view of the natural compounds that have been used for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, and their mechanisms of action based on recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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18
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Adrar NS, Madani K, Adrar S. Impact of the inhibition of proteins activities and the chemical aspect of polyphenols-proteins interactions. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Zhang Y, Rauf Khan A, Fu M, Zhai Y, Ji J, Bobrovskaya L, Zhai G. Advances in curcumin-loaded nanopreparations: improving bioavailability and overcoming inherent drawbacks. J Drug Target 2019; 27:917-931. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1572158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Manfei Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Orekhov AN, Grechko AV, Romanenko EB, Zhang D, Chistiakov DA. Novel Approaches to Anti-atherosclerotic Therapy: Cell-based Models and Herbal Preparations (Review of Our Own Data). Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 17:278-285. [PMID: 30621565 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190101112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial disease characterized by vascular inflammation, accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall, and formation and growth of atherosclerotic plaques followed by ischemia. In subclinical atherosclerosis, cholesterol retention in subendothelial cells leads to induction of local inflammation, generation of foam cells and lesion formation, followed by a chain of other pathogenic events. Atherosclerotic progression can frequently be fatal, since plaque rupture may lead to thrombosis and acute events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and sudden death. Traditional anti-atherosclerotic therapy is mainly focused on improving the blood lipid profile and does not target various stages of plaque progression. Obviously, treating the disease at initial stages is better than beginning treatment at advanced stages and, in that regard, current atherosclerosis management can be improved. Cholesterol retention is an important component of atherogenesis that precedes plaque formation. Therapeutic targeting of cholesterol retention may be beneficial for preventing further atherogenic progression. For this purpose, we suggest using herbal preparations due to good tolerability and suitability for long-lasting treatment. We developed test systems based on cultured human intimal aortic cells for rapid screening of potential anti-atherogenic drugs. With the help of these test systems, we selected several natural substances with significant anti-atherogenic activity and further use these compounds to prepare herbal preparations for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. These preparations were clinically tested and showed good safety and a potent anti-atherogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia,Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia,Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B Romanenko
- Department of Molecular Basis of Ontogenesis, Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R China
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Neurochemistry, Division of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Gorchakova N, Heimuller E, Galkin A. Current Safety Data of the Complex Herbal Medicine with Sedative and Cardioprotective Actions. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2018.2.3.143029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipoprotein-induced intracellular lipid accumulation (foam cell formation) is a trigger of atherogenesis at the subendothelial arterial cell level. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent data related to the possible mechanisms of LDL-induced formation of lipid-laden foam cells and their role in the onset and development of atherosclerotic lesion. RECENT FINDINGS The most interesting current studies are related to the factors affecting foam cell formation. SUMMARY The phenomenon of lipid accumulation in cultured cells became the basis for creating a cellular test system that has already been successfully applied for development of drugs possessing direct antiatherosclerotic activity, and then the efficacy of these drugs was demonstrated in clinical studies. Moreover, this test system could be used for diagnostic assessing lipoproteins atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Yang K, Luo Y, Lu S, Hu R, Du Y, Liao P, Sun G, Sun X. Salvianolic Acid B and Ginsenoside Re Synergistically Protect Against Ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Apoptosis Through the Antioxidative and Antiinflammatory Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:662. [PMID: 29973885 PMCID: PMC6019702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB) and ginsenoside Re (Re) protect endotheliocytes against apoptosis through different mechanisms. However, whether both compounds could synergistically protect endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced apoptosis is unclear. This study aimed to assess the protective effect of combined SalB and Re (SR) treatment on Ox-LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis and to explore the mechanism underlying this effect. Results showed that SalB, Re, or SR could protect against Ox-LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis. Furthermore, the composition of SR was optimized through central composite design with response surface methodology. SR with a composition of 60 μg/mL of SalB and 120 μg/mL of Re exerted the optimal protective effect. Network pharmacology research revealed that SalB and Re in SR synergistically protect against Ox-LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress and phlogistic pathways. In vitro experiments confirmed these results. Compared with the same dose of SalB or Re alone, SR significantly decreased the contents of inflammatory mediators and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. SR could synergistically restore the balanced redox state of the cells and inhibit the activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B and the caspase cascade by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These pathways are regulated by down-regulating the expression of lectin-like Ox-LDL receptor-1 and NADPH oxidase and up-regulating the expression of estrogen receptor alpha. Therefore, SR effectively prevents Ox-LDL-induced endothelial apoptosis through antioxidative and antiinflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Hospital of Ningxiang County People, Changsha, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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24
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Li W, Zhi W, Zhao J, Yao Q, Liu F, Niu X. Cinnamaldehyde protects VSMCs against ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration through S arrest and inhibition of p38, JNK/MAPKs and NF-κB. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:57-66. [PMID: 29777873 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (Cin), as a traditional flavor constituent isolated from the bark of Cinnamonum cassia Presl, has been commonly used for - digestive, cardiovascular and immune system diseases. The pathology of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accelerated the progression of atherosclerosis. In our study, we found that cinnamaldehyde significantly suppressed ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration and inflammatory cytokine overproduction, as well as foam cell formation in VSMCs and macrophages. Moreover, cinnamaldehyde inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and p65 NF-κB and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity. In addition, cinnamaldehyde reduced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde arrested cell cycle in S phase. Thus, results indicated that cinnamaldehyde antagonized the ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration, inflammation and foam cell formation through regulation of HO-1, MMP-2, LOX-1 and blockage of cell cycle, and - suppression of p38, JNK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Acrolein/analogs & derivatives
- Acrolein/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Foam Cells/drug effects
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/metabolism
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/toxicity
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Scavenger Receptors, Class E/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jinmeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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25
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Abu Khalaf R, Sabbah D, Al-Shalabi E, Bishtawi S, Albadawi G, Abu Sheikha G. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Study of Substituted Benzyl Benzamides as CETP Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 29112287 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause for mortality and morbidity in the developed world; its risk is inversely related to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Therefore, there is a great interest in developing new cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors capable of raising HDL as a novel approach for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of ten benzyl benzamides 8a-j that aim at CETP inhibition was performed. The in vitro CETP inhibition bioassay revealed that benzamide 8j had the best activity, with a percent inhibition of 82.2% at 10 μM concentration and an IC50 value of 1.3 μM. The docking study shows that the verified compounds accommodate the binding cleft of CETP and are enclosed by a hydrophobic lining. Furthermore, the scaffold of 8a-j matches the pharmacophoric points of CETP inhibitors, particularly in its hydrophobic and aromatic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Abu Khalaf
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima Sabbah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eveen Al-Shalabi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samar Bishtawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadeer Albadawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghassan Abu Sheikha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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26
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Orekhov AN, Ivanova EA, Melnichenko AA, Sobenin IA. Circulating desialylated low density lipoprotein. COR ET VASA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Li W, Zhi W, Liu F, He Z, Wang X, Niu X. Atractylenolide I restores HO-1 expression and inhibits Ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration and inflammatory responses in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:26-34. [PMID: 28274716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is characterized by the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and inflammatory lesions. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of atractylenolide I (AO-I) on smooth muscle cell inflammation, proliferation and migration induced by oxidized modified low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). Here, We found that atractylenolide I inhibited Ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in VSMCs. The study also identified that AO-I prominently inhibited p38-MAPK and NF-κB activation. More importantly, the specific heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) IX partially abolished the beneficial effects of atractylenolide I on Ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. Furthermore, atractylenolide I blocked the foam cell formation in macrophages induced by Ox-LDL. In summary, inhibitory roles of AO-I in VSMCs proliferation and migration, lipid peroxidation and subsequent inflammatory responses might contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic property of AO-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Wenbing Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Zehong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiuei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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28
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Chen R, Cheng Z, Huang J, Liu D, Wu C, Guo P, Lin W. Versicotides D–F, new cyclopeptides with lipid-lowering activities. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07940k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Versicotides D–F, new cyclopeptides were isolated from a gorgonian-derived fungusAspergillus versicolorLZD-14-1 and showed lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center
| | - Zhongbin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- PR China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100193
- PR China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
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29
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The Nutraceutical Dehydrozingerone and Its Dimer Counteract Inflammation- and Oxidative Stress-Induced Dysfunction of In Vitro Cultured Human Endothelial Cells: A Novel Perspective for the Prevention and Therapy of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1246485. [PMID: 28050226 PMCID: PMC5165227 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1246485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, mainly induced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production together with increased adhesion molecules and thrombogenic tissue factor (TF) expression on endothelial cells has a key role in proatherogenic mechanisms. Therefore downmodulation of these molecules could be useful for reducing the severity of inflammation and atherosclerosis progression. Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is a nutraceutical compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study we evaluated the ability of DHZ and its symmetric dimer to modulate hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced ROS production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We also evaluated intercellular adhesion molecule- (ICAM-) 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule- (VCAM-) 1, and TF expression in HUVEC activated by tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α. HUVEC pretreatment with DHZ and DHZ dimer reduced H2O2-induced ROS production and inhibited adhesion molecule expression and secretion. Of note, only DHZ dimer was able to reduce TF expression. DHZ effects were in part mediated by the inhibition of the nuclear factor- (NF-) κB activation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the DHZ dimer exerts a potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activity on endothelial cells and suggest potential usefulness of this compound to contrast the pathogenic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis progression.
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30
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Orekhov AN. Evidence based efficacy of herbal preparations in ageing associated cardiovascular disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1065-1067. [PMID: 27531566 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
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