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Manju, Bharadvaja N. Exploring the Potential Therapeutic Approach Using Ginsenosides for the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1520-1536. [PMID: 37330923 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for an efficient and long-lasting treatment due to the population's increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders. In an effort to generate fresh ideas and create novel therapeutic medications, scientists have recently started to investigate the biological functions of compounds derived from plants and herbs. Ginseng, famous Chinese herbal medicine, has therapeutic value by virtue of its compounds ginsenosides or panaxosides, which are triterpene saponins and steroid glycosides. Research revealed positive impacts on ameliorating various disease conditions and found it as a possible drug candidate. Several neuroprotection mechanisms followed by this compound are inhibition of cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and tumor activity. It has been demonstrated that controlling these mechanisms enhances cognitive performance and safeguards the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. The main objective of this review is to give a description of the most recent studies on ginsenoside's possible therapeutic application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Using organic compounds like ginseng and its various components may create new avenues for innovative treatment approaches development for neurological diseases. However, further research is necessary to confirm the stability and effectiveness of ginsenosides for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Wang Y, Cui C, Zhao W, Tian X, Liu P, Wei L, Zhu Z, Liu M, Fu R, Jia L. WIP1-mediated regulation of p38 MAPK signaling attenuates pyroptosis in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152832. [PMID: 38943814 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Wild-Type p53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1/PPM1D) is a serine/threonine phosphatase that plays a significant role in various physiological processes. However, the involvement of WIP1 in kidney remains unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to induce acute injury in mice and human kidney 2 (HK2) cells in the study. The WIP1 inhibitor, CCT007093, was administered both in vitro and in vivo to assess its effect on kidney. The single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data revealed that Ppm1d mRNA reached peak on day 2 following unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (uni-IRI) in mice, especially in the proximal renal tubules during repair phase. Compared to the control group, WIP1 protein exhibited a significant increase in renal tubules of patients with acute tubular injury (ATI) and mice with LPS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), as well as in LPS-injured HK2 cells. In vitro experiments showed that CCT007093 increased the protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved-Caspase1, GSDMD-N and IL-1β in HK2 cells and further reduced the viability of LPS-stimulated HK2 cells. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of WIP1 activity with CCT007093 further increased cleaved-Caspase1, GSDMD-N protein levels in kidney tissue from mice with LPS-induced AKI. In addition, LPS induces phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, a key regulator of pyroptosis, which is further activated by CCT007093. In conclusion, inhibition of WIP1 activity acts as a positive regulator of renal tubular pyroptosis mainly through the mediation of phospho-p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenkai Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weihao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zikun Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lining Jia
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Nam OH, Kim JH, Kang SW, Chae YK, Jih MK, You HH, Koh JT, Kim Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human dental pulp cells via the PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK signalling pathways. Int Endod J 2024; 57:759-768. [PMID: 38436525 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM Among numerous constituents of Panax ginseng, a constituent named Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) has been studied to diminish inflammation associated with diseases. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of G-Rb1 on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and aimed to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODOLOGY The KEGG pathway analysis was performed after RNA sequencing in G-Rb1- and LPS-treated hDPCs. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used for the assessment of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS G-Rb1 did not exhibit any cytotoxicity within the range of concentrations tested. However, it affected the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, as these showed reduced levels with exposure to LPS. Additionally, less mRNA and protein expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were shown. With the presence of G-Rb1, decreased levels of PI3K/Akt, phosphorylated IκBα and p65 were also observed. Furthermore, phosphorylated ERK and JNK by LPS were diminished within 15, 30 and 60 min of G-Rb1 exposure; however, the expression of non-phosphorylated ERK and JNK remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS G-Rb1 suppressed the LPS-induced increase of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, while also inhibiting PI3K/Akt, phosphorylation of NF-κB transcription factors, ERK and JNK of MAPK signalling in hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hyung Nam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Si Won Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Kwon Chae
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee Universtiy Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Kwan Jih
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyekyoung Hannah You
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Yang C, Qu L, Wang R, Wang F, Yang Z, Xiao F. Multi-layered effects of Panax notoginseng on immune system. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107203. [PMID: 38719196 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated the immunomodulatory potential of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and cerebral hemorrhage, suggesting its significance in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the complex immune activity of various components has hindered a comprehensive understanding of the immune-regulating properties of Panax notoginseng, impeding its broader utilization. This review evaluates the effect of Panax notoginseng to various types of white blood cells, elucidates the underlying mechanisms, and compares the immunomodulatory effects of different Panax notoginseng active fractions, aiming to provide the theory basis for future immunomodulatory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Yang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Yang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Fengkun Xiao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China.
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Lv L, Li Q, Wang K, Zhao J, Deng K, Zhang R, Chen Z, Khan IA, Gui C, Feng S, Yang S, Liu Y, Xu Q. Discovery of a New Anti-Inflammatory Agent from Anemoside B4 Derivatives and Its Therapeutic Effect on Colitis by Targeting Pyruvate Carboxylase. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7385-7405. [PMID: 38687956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Anemoside B4 (AB4), a triterpenoidal saponin from Pulsatilla chinensis, shows significant anti-inflammatory activity, and may be used for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nevertheless, its application is limited due to its high molecular weight and pronounced water solubility. To discover new effective agents for treating IBD, we synthesized 28 AB4 derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Among them, A3-6 exhibited significantly superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to AB4. It showed a significant improvement in the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice, with a notably lower oral effective dose compared to AB4. Furthermore, we discovered that A3-6 bound with pyruvate carboxylase (PC), then inhibited PC activity, reprogramming macrophage function, and alleviated colitis. These findings indicate that A3-6 is a promising therapeutic candidate for colitis, and PC may be a potential new target for treating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qiurong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Kejun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chunshan Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Suxiang Feng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Lin L, Li X, Li Y, Lang Z, Li Y, Zheng J. Ginsenoside Rb1 induces hepatic stellate cell ferroptosis to alleviate liver fibrosis via the BECN1/SLC7A11 axis. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100902. [PMID: 38784156 PMCID: PMC11112007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is primarily driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a process associated with ferroptosis. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), a major active component extracted from Panax ginseng, inhibits HSC activation. However, the potential role of GRb1 in mediating HSC ferroptosis remains unclear. This study examined the effect of GRb1 on liver fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro, using CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model and primary HSCs, LX-2 cells. The findings revealed that GRb1 effectively inactivated HSCs in vitro, reducing alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Type I collagen (Col1A1) levels. Moreover, GRb1 significantly alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in vivo. From a mechanistic standpoint, the ferroptosis pathway appeared to be central to the antifibrotic effects of GRb1. Specifically, GRb1 promoted HSC ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro, characterized by increased glutathione depletion, malondialdehyde production, iron overload, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intriguingly, GRb1 increased Beclin 1 (BECN1) levels and decreased the System Xc-key subunit SLC7A11. Further experiments showed that BECN1 silencing inhibited GRb1-induced effects on HSC ferroptosis and mitigated the reduction of SLC7A11 caused by GRb1. Moreover, BECN1 could directly interact with SLC7A11, initiating HSC ferroptosis. In conclusion, the suppression of BECN1 counteracted the effects of GRb1 on HSC inactivation both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, this study highlights the novel role of GRb1 in inducing HSC ferroptosis and promoting HSC inactivation, at least partly through its modulation of BECN1 and SLC7A11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xinmiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zhichao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yeping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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Liu N, Niu M, Luo S, Lv L, Quan X, Wang C, Meng Z, Yuan J, Xu Q, Liu Y. Rosamultin ameliorates radiation injury via promoting DNA injury repair and suppressing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110938. [PMID: 38484825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains the preferred treatment option for cancer patients with the advantages of broad indications and significant therapeutic effects. However, ionizing radiation can also damage normal tissues. Unfortunately, there are few anti-radiation damage drugs available on the market for radiotherapy patients. Our previous study showed that rosamultin had antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. However, its anti-radiation activity has not been evaluated. Irradiating small intestinal epithelial cells and mice with whole-body X-rays radiation were used to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of rosamultin, respectively. Intragastric administration of rosamultin improved survival, limited leukocyte depletion, and reduced damage to the spleen and small intestine in irradiated mice. Rosamultin reversed the downregulation of the apoptotic protein BCL-2 and the upregulation of BAX in irradiated mouse small intestine tissue and in irradiation-induced small intestinal epithelial cells. DNA-PKcs antagonists reversed the promoting DNA repair effects of rosamulin. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that rosamultin promoted Translin-associated protein X (TRAX) into the nucleus. Knockdown of TRAX reduced the protective effect of rosamultin against DNA damage. In addition, rosamultin reduced irradiation-induced oxidative stress through promoting Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. To sum up, in vitro and in vivo experiments using genetic knockdown and pharmacological activation demonstrated that rosamultin exerts radioprotection via the TRAX/NHEJ and Nrf2/HO pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengxin Niu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Saiyan Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Lijuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Quan
- Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, China
| | - Jingquan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Innovation and Translation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Balasubramaniam M, Sapuan S, Hashim IF, Ismail NI, Yaakop AS, Kamaruzaman NA, Ahmad Mokhtar AM. The properties and mechanism of action of plant immunomodulators in regulation of immune response - A narrative review focusing on Curcuma longa L. , Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Moringa oleifera Lam. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28261. [PMID: 38586374 PMCID: PMC10998053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal treatments have been utilized for millennia to cure a variety of ailments. There are over 20, 000 herbal remedies available to treat cancer and other disease in humans. In Ayurveda, traditional plants having revitalizing and nourishing characteristics are known as "Rasayanas." They have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-microbicidal, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. Immunomodulation is a mechanism through which the body stimulates, suppresses, or boosts the immune system to maintain homeostasis. Plant-derived immunomodulators are typically phytocompounds, including carbohydrates, phenolics, lipids, alkaloids, terpenoids, organosulfur, and nitrogen-containing chemicals. Immunomodulation activity of phytocompounds from traditional plants is primarily mediated through macrophage activation, phagocytosis stimulation, peritoneal macrophage stimulation, lymphoid cell stimulation, and suppression or enhancement of specific and non-specific cellular immune systems via numerous signalling pathways. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanism of immunomodulation of most traditional plants has not yet been fully elucidated, justifying the need for further experimentation. Therefore, this review describes the immunomodulatory agents from traditional plants such as Curcuma longa L., Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, and Moringa oleifera Lam, further highlighting the common molecular targets and immunomodulatory mechanism involved in eradicating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muggunna Balasubramaniam
- Small G protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Sapuan
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ilie Fadzilah Hashim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izza Ismail
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amira Suriaty Yaakop
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- Small G protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer Coating and Packaging Centre, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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Xiaodan J, Yuanting L, Xiaodan L, Huibin L, Nana Z, Shuxuan L, Yiren W, Xuemin L. Effectiveness and safety of Jiejing Runmu decoction in treatment of dry eye disease. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:102984. [PMID: 38458955 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Jiejing Runmu decoction in relieving the clinical manifestations of dry eye disease (DED). DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS This single-arm prospective intervention study was conducted at the Peking University Third Hospital and People's Hospital of Yongqing. Of the 211 patients recruited, 200 completing the follow-up were included in the analysis. Patients received Jiejing Runmu decoction once a day for 4 weeks continuously, without any change in eye care habits. Individuals were evaluated at four time points: pretreatment (baseline), 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months (2 months after completion of treatment), using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer test I and meibomian gland assessments. Adverse effects were evaluated at each follow-up visit and systematic examinations were performed during the first and last visits. RESULTS OSDI, TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer test I, meibomian gland expressibility, and quality of secretions improved at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months compared to baseline (P < 0.0001). No significant differences were found between the sexes. Patients above 45 years showed worse subjective symptoms and objective signs, and greater improvements in corneal fluorescein staining, meibomian gland expressibility, and quality of secretions were observed in this group. No obvious adverse effects were detected during any follow-up visit. CONCLUSION Jiejing Runmu decoction significantly improved both the subjective symptoms and objective signs of DED, with favorable tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiaodan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, PR China
| | - Li Yuanting
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, PR China
| | - Li Xiaodan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing 100191, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lv Huibin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, PR China
| | - Zhao Nana
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of YongQing, Hebei, China
| | - Lv Shuxuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of YongQing, Hebei, China
| | - Wang Yiren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, PR China
| | - Li Xuemin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, PR China.
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Guo L, Yang Y, Yuan J, Ren H, Huang X, Li M, Xia L, Jiang X, Chen D, Zhang J. Da-Yuan-Yin decoction polyphenol fraction attenuates acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:228-240. [PMID: 36655330 PMCID: PMC9858535 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2166085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Da-Yuan-Yin is a Chinese traditional prescription. OBJECTIVE This study explores the therapeutic effects of the Da-Yuan-Yin decoction polyphenol fraction (DYY-4) on acute lung injury (ALI) in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice (n = 10) were orally administrated with DYY-4 (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) or DXM (5 mg/kg), half an hour after LPS (2 mg/kg) instilled intratracheally. The protein content and the levels of inflammatory factors, the levels of complements, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the expression of the IkB kinase (IKK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), the lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio and lung tissue were evaluated, 24 h after LPS challenge. Network pharmacology predicted potential targets. RESULTS DYY-4 (30, 60 mg/kg, p < 0.01, p < 0.01) decreased the lung W/D ratio, total protein concentration, the levels of C3, C3c and C5a, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, while increased the levels of IL-4 and IL-10. DYY-4 (60 mg/kg) decreased the levels of C5aR1, C5b-9 and COX-2 mRNA (p < 0.05), the levels of MPO and iNOS mRNA, the activation of the IKK/NF-κB pathway (p < 0.01), and increased the levels of IL-13 and SOD (p < 0.01). DYY-4 (60 mg/kg) relieved the lung tissue pathological changes and reduced the C3c deposition. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Network pharmacology combined with animal experiments revealed the targets of DYY-4 alleviating ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengqiu Guo
- Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Anhui Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Huiling Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Ding K, Sun E, Huang R, Heng W, Li X, Liu J, Zhao J, Li C, Feng L, Jia X. Integrated metabolome-microbiome analysis investigates the different regulations of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid in young rats with acute pharyngitis compared to adult rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155037. [PMID: 37611464 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PDL) is a famous traditional Chinese prescription recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, which is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract in children and adults. However, the endogenous changes in children and adults with PDL in the treatment of acute pharyngitis remain unclear. PURPOSE The differential regulatory roles of PDL in endogenous metabolism and gut microbes in young and adult rats were investigated with a view to providing a preclinical data reference for PDL in medication for children. METHODS An acute pharyngitis model was established, and serum levels of inflammatory factors and histopathology were measured. This study simulated the growth and development of children in young rats and explored the endogenous metabolic characteristics and intestinal microbial composition after the intervention of PDL by using serum metabolomic technique and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technique. RESULTS The results showed that PDL had therapeutic effects on young and adult rats with acute pharyngitis. Sixteen biomarkers were identified by metabolomics in the serum of young rats and 23 in adult rats. PDL can also affect intestinal microbial diversity and community richness in young and adult rats. Alloprevotella, Allobaculum, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, and Enterorhabdus were prominent bacteria in young rats. Bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes of the adult rats changed more significantly under the treatment of PDL. In young rats, amino acid metabolism was the primary regulatory mode of PDL, whereas, in adult rats, glycerophospholipid metabolism was studied. CONCLUSION The regulation of PDL on the serum metabolite group and intestinal microflora in young rats was different from that in adult rats, indicating the necessity of an independent study on children's medication. PDL may also exert therapeutic effects on young and adult rats by regulating gut microbial homeostasis. The results support the clinical application of PDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - E Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Ran Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wangqin Heng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Characteristic Preparations for Paediatrics, Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Characteristic Preparations for Paediatrics, Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China
| | - Chao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Characteristic Preparations for Paediatrics, Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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12
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Zhou K, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Xu M, Yu S. Production of Gypenoside XVII from Ginsenoside Rb1 by Enzymatic Transformation and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:7001. [PMID: 37836844 PMCID: PMC10574100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic transformation of the sugar moiety of the gypenosides provides a new way to obtain more pharmacologically active components. A gene encoding a family 1 glycosyl hydrolase from Bifidobacterium dentium was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified, and its molecular weight was approximately 44 kDa. The recombinant BdbglB exhibited an optimal activity at 35 °C and pH 5.4. The purified recombinant enzyme, exhibiting β-glucosidase activity, was used to produce gypenoside XVII (Gyp XVII) via highly selective and efficient hydrolysis of the outer glucose moiety linked to the C-3 position in ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1). Under the optimal reaction conditions for large scale production of gypenoside XVII, 40 g ginsenoside Rb1 was transformed by using 45 g crude enzyme at pH 5.4 and 35 °C for 10 h with a molar yield of 100%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of the product gypenoside XVII and its conversion precursor ginsenoside Rb1 were evaluated by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and the xylene-induced acute inflammation model of mouse ear edema, respectively. Gypenoside XVII showed improved anti-inflammatory activity, which significantly inhibited the generation of TNF-α and IL-6 more effectively than its precursor ginsenoside Rb1. In addition, the swelling inhibition rate of gypenoside XVII was 80.55%, while the rate of its precursor was 40.47%, the results also indicated that gypenoside XVII had better anti-inflammatory activity than ginsenoside Rb1. Hence, this enzymatic method would be useful in the large-scale production of gypenoside XVII, which may become a new potent anti-inflammatory candidate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shanshan Yu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.X.)
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13
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Kim K, Hong HL, Kim GM, Leem J, Kwon HH. Eupatilin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7027-7042. [PMID: 37754228 PMCID: PMC10530142 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis. Eupatilin (EUP) is a natural flavone with multiple biological activities and has beneficial effects against various inflammatory disorders. However, whether EUP has a favorable effect on septic AKI remains unknown. Here, we examined the effect of EUP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked AKI in mice. LPS-evoked renal dysfunction was attenuated by EUP, as reflected by reductions in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. LPS injection also induced structural damage such as tubular cell detachment, tubular dilatation, brush border loss of proximal tubules, and upregulation of tubular injury markers. However, EUP significantly ameliorated this structural damage. EUP decreased serum and renal cytokine levels, prevented macrophage infiltration, and inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signaling cascades. Lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation were increased after LPS treatment. However, EUP mitigated LPS-evoked oxidative stress through downregulation of NPDPH oxidase 4 and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. EUP also inhibited p53-mediated apoptosis in LPS-treated mice. Therefore, these results suggest that EUP ameliorates LPS-evoked AKI through inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiryeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (H.-L.H.)
| | - Hyo-Lim Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (H.-L.H.)
| | - Gyun Moo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (H.-L.H.)
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14
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Paik S, Song GY, Jo EK. Ginsenosides for therapeutically targeting inflammation through modulation of oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110461. [PMID: 37331298 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are steroid glycosides derived from ginseng plants such as Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng. Advances in recent studies have identified numerous physiological functions of each type of ginsenoside, i.e., immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory functions, in the context of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has revealed the molecular mechanisms by which the single or combined ginsenoside(s) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, although it remains largely unclear. It is well known that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with pathological inflammation and cell death in a variety of cells, and that inhibition of ROS generation ameliorates the local and systemic inflammatory responses. The mechanisms by which ginsenosides attenuate inflammation are largely unknown; however, targeting ROS is suggested as one of the crucial mechanisms for the ginsenosides to control the pathological inflammation in the immune and non-immune cells. This review will summarize the latest progress in ginsenoside studies, particularly in the context of antioxidant mechanisms for its anti-inflammatory effects. A better understanding of the distinct types and the combined action of ginsenosides will pave the way for developing potential preventive and therapeutic modalities in treating various inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea; Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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15
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Khallaf WAI, Sharata EE, Attya ME, Abo-Youssef AM, Hemeida RAM. LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure in rats; the role of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2023; 326:121789. [PMID: 37201697 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used to treat a variety of cancers and autoimmune illnesses. CP has been found to frequently cause premature ovarian failure (POF). The study's objective was to assess LCZ696's potential for protection against CP-induced POF in a rat model. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into seven groups as follows: control, valsartan (VAL), LCZ696, CP, CP + VAL, CP + LCZ696, and CP + triptorelin (TRI). Ovarian malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed using ELISA. Serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also measured using ELISA. The expression of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD C-NT and TLR4/MYD88/NF-B P65 proteins was estimated using western blot assay. The histopathology of the ovaries was also investigated. The estrous cycle, body, and ovarian weights were also monitored. KEY FINDINGS CP treatment significantly elevated levels of MDA, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, FSH, LH, and up-regulated TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 proteins, as compared to the control group, however, ovarian follicles count, and levels of GSH, SOD, AMH, and estrogen were reduced with CP administration. All the aforementioned biochemical and histological abnormalities were considerably alleviated by the LCZ696 therapy compared to valsartan alone. SIGNIFICANCE LCZ696 effectively mitigated CP-induced POF, offering promising protection that could be related to its suppression power on NLRP3-induced pyroptosis and TLR4/NF-B P65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A I Khallaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Ehab E Sharata
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Mina Ezzat Attya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
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16
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Liu X, Zhang L, Tang W, Zhang T, Xiang P, Shen Q, Ye T, Xiao Y. Transcriptomic profiling and differential analysis reveal the renal toxicity mechanisms of mice under cantharidin exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 465:116450. [PMID: 36907384 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine mylabris, has shown significant curative effects against a variety of tumors, but its clinical application is limited by its high toxicity. Studies have revealed that CTD can cause toxicity in the kidneys; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects in mouse kidneys following CTD treatment by pathological and ultrastructure observations, biochemical index detection, and transcriptomics, and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that after CTD exposure, the kidneys had different degrees of pathological damage, altered uric acid and creatinine levels in serum, and the antioxidant indexes in tissues were significantly increased. These changes were more pronounced at medium and high doses of CTD. RNA-seq analysis revealed 674 differentially expressed genes compared with the control group, of which 131 were upregulated and 543 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that many differentially expressed genes were closely related to the stress response, the CIDE protein family, and the transporter superfamily, as well as the MAPK, AMPK, and HIF-1 pathways. The reliability of the RNA-seq results was verified by qRT-PCR of the six target genes. These findings offer insight into the molecular mechanisms of renal toxicity caused by CTD and provide an important theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of CTD-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Linghan Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenchao Tang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology of Herbal Medicines, Guizhou Education Department, Guiyang, China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Chongqing university three gorges hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Taotao Ye
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.
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Jang WY, Hwang JY, Cho JY. Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng as Key Modulators of NF-κB Signaling Are Powerful Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076119. [PMID: 37047092 PMCID: PMC10093821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways progress inflammation and immune cell differentiation in the host immune response; however, the uncontrollable stimulation of NF-κB signaling is responsible for several inflammatory illnesses regardless of whether the conditions are acute or chronic. Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, microglia, and Kupffer cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, via the activation of NF-κB subunits, which may lead to the damage of normal cells, including neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and alveolar cells. This results in the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac infarction, or liver injury, which may eventually lead to systemic inflammation or cancer. Recently, ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, a historical herbal plant used in East Asia, have been used as possible options for curing inflammatory diseases. All of the ginsenosides tested target different steps of the NF-κB signaling pathway, ameliorating the symptoms of severe illnesses. Moreover, ginsenosides inhibit the NF-κB-mediated activation of cancer metastasis and immune resistance, significantly attenuating the expression of MMPs, Snail, Slug, TWIST1, and PD-L1. This review introduces current studies on the therapeutic efficacy of ginsenosides in alleviating NF-κB responses and emphasizes the critical role of ginsenosides in severe inflammatory diseases as well as cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang Y, Qin S, Liang Y, Yan L, Zheng M, Zeng Y, Lu L. Tumor grade-associated genomic mutations in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1119575. [PMID: 37020866 PMCID: PMC10067928 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1119575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLung cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and accounts for approximately 20% of cancer-related death in China every year. High-grade lung cancer poses a significant threat to patients, and developing a novel treatment for these patients requires an understanding of its underlying mechanism.MethodsChinese patients with lung cancer were enrolled. The tumor samples were collected by surgery or puncture and applied for next-generation sequencing. A panel of pan-cancer genes was targeted, and the sequencing depth was set to over 1,000 to improve the sensitivity of detecting mutations. Short-length mutations (substitution, insertion, and deletion), copy number variation, and gene fusion were called. Gene mutations were compared between low-grade, middle-grade, and high-grade tumors using Fisher’s exact test. The enriched pathways in each grade of tumors were also inferred.ResultsThe study included 173 Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer, of whom 98 (56.6%) patients were female and 75 (43.4%) were male, with a mean age of 56.8 years. All patients were microsatellite stable; 66.4% were at the early stages (Stages 0, I, and II) with a tumor mutational burden of approximately 2.5 (confidence interval = [0, 48.3]). Compared to low-grade tumors, high-grade tumors had a significantly higher percentage of mutations in TP53 (75.9% vs 34.4%, p = 1.86e-3) and PIK3CA (24.1% vs. 0%, p = 3.58e-3). Pathway analysis found that high-grade tumors were enriched with mutations in bacterial invasion of epithelial cells (31% vs. 0%, p = 5.8e-4), Epstein–Barr virus infection (79.3% vs. 37.5%, p = 1.72e-3), and the Wnt signaling pathway (75.9% vs. 34.4%, p = 1.91e-3). High-grade tumors had a significantly higher tumor mutational burden than low-grade tumors (p-value = 0.0017). However, actionable mutations with high-level evidence were lower in high-grade tumors.ConclusionPatients with high-grade tumors from lung cancer may be more affected by bacteria and Epstein–Barr virus than low-grade tumors. High-grade tumors were specially mutated in TP53 and PIK3CA and may benefit more from immunotherapy. Further research on the underlying mechanism of high-grade lung cancer is necessary to develop new therapeutic options. Lung cancer, tumor grade, genomic mutations, Epstein–Barr virus, pathway analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shilei Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuepei Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Min Zheng, ; Yanwu Zeng, ; Leilei Lu,
| | - Yanwu Zeng
- Operations Department, Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Zheng, ; Yanwu Zeng, ; Leilei Lu,
| | - Leilei Lu
- Operations Department, Shanghai OrigiMed Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Zheng, ; Yanwu Zeng, ; Leilei Lu,
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19
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Wu H, Lin T, Chen Y, Chen F, Zhang S, Pang H, Huang L, Yu C, Wang G, Wu C. Ethanol Extract of Rosa laevigata Michx. Fruit Inhibits Inflammatory Responses through NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways via AMPK Activation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062813. [PMID: 36985786 PMCID: PMC10054580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Rosa laevigata Michx. (FR), a traditional Chinese herb utilized for the treatment of a variety diseases, has notably diverse pharmacological activities including hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite ongoing research on illustrating the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of FR, the principal mechanism remained inadequately understood. In this study, we investigated in depth the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory actions of the ethanol extract of FR (EFR) and its potential targets using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. We showed that EFR effectively ameliorated the overproduction of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, as well as the expression of related genes. It was further demonstrated that LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with EFR, accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, EFR pretreatment potently prevented LPS-induced decreased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our data also revealed that the activation of AMPK and subsequent inhibition of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was probably responsible for the inhibitory effect of EFR on LPS-induced inflammatory responses, evidenced by reverse changes observed under the condition of AMPK inactivation following co-treatment with the AMPK-specific inhibitor Compound C. Finally, the main components with an anti-inflammatory effect in EFR were identified as madecassic acid, ellagic acid, quinic acid, and procyanidin C1 by LC-MS and testified based on the inhibition of NO production and inflammatory mediator expression. Taken together, our results indicated that EFR was able to ameliorate inflammatory responses via the suppression of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways following AMPK activation, suggesting the therapeutic potential of EFR for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtan Wu
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yupei Chen
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Shudi Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Haiyue Pang
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Lisen Huang
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Chihli Yu
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Gueyhorng Wang
- Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals, College of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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20
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Li S, Yuan R, Fan Q, Zhang C, Han S, Li J, Xu Z, Sun K, Xu Q, Yao C, Yang S, Gao H. Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis through regulating the Nrf2/PIP2/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
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21
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Wound Healing Effect of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol of Ginseng Involves VEGF-ERK Pathways in HUVECs and Diabetic Mice. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is the process of skin and soft tissue repair following an injury. Angiogenesis is an essential process in wound healing and plays an important role in tissue regeneration. Ginseng is mainly composed of saponins and protopanaxadiol-based ginsenosides, namely Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rg1, and Rf. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) are aglycones of ginsenosides produced by metabolic processes and heat treatment. This study aimed to investigate the wound healing effects of active ingredients of ginseng, namely ginsenosides and aglycones, in various cellular and animal skin wound models. The angiogenic effects of ginsenosides were investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). All experiments were conducted at increased intracellular glucose concentrations and the induction of angiogenesis through tube formation was evaluated. Among the ginsenosides and aglycones used in this study, PPD showed the strongest wound-healing activity. Cell scratch experiments confirmed that PPD increased intracellular proliferation and cell migration at high glucose concentrations, and western blotting of HUVECs showed that phosphorylated ERK, Akt, and p38 were regulated. We observed accelerated wound healing with PPD treatment in STZ-treated mice. Overall, the findings suggested that PPD could possibly help improve skin wound healing in patients with diabetes, although further research is recommended.
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22
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Jung DH, Nahar J, Mathiyalagan R, Rupa EJ, Ramadhania ZM, Han Y, Yang DC, Kang SC. A Focused Review on Molecular Signalling Mechanisms of Ginsenosides Anti-Lung Cancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:3-14. [PMID: 35319393 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220321091022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a cultivated medicinal herb that has been widely available in the Asian region since the last century. Ginseng root is used worldwide in Oriental medicine. Currently, the global mortality and infection rates for lung cancer and inflammation are significantly increasing. Therefore, various preventative methods related to the activity of ginsenosides have been used for lung cancer as well as inflammation. METHODS Web-based searches were performed on Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. A cancer statistical analysis was also conducted to show the current ratio of affected cases and death from lung cancer around the world. RESULTS Ginsenosides regulate the enzymes that participate in tumor growth and migration, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signalregulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), the gelatinase network metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2/9) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, ginsenosides also possess anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α) (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and controlling the activities of inflammatory signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, Janus kinase2/signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3). CONCLUSION In several in vitro and in vivo models, P. ginseng showed potential beneficial effects in lung cancer and inflammation treatment. In this review, we provide a detailed and up-to-date summary of research evidence for antilung cancer and anti-inflammatory protective effects of ginsenosides and their potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyo Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Esrat Jahan Rupa
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
| | - Zelika Mega Ramadhania
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaxi Han
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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23
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Shin JW, Lee ER, Noh H, Kwak J, Gal JY, Park HJ, Kim S, Song HK, Seo K, Han BS. Novel Herbal Therapeutic YH23537 Improves Clinical Parameters in Ligature-Induced Periodontal Disease Model in Beagle Dogs. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8130287. [PMID: 37159594 PMCID: PMC10163972 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8130287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, available medicine does not satisfy the clinical unmet needs of periodontal disease. Therefore, novel drugs with improved efficacy profiles are needed. We previously demonstrated that YH14642, water extracts of Notoginseng Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, improved probing depths in double-blind phase II clinical trial. However, it still has hurdles for commercialization due to the low efficiency of active compound extraction. To resolve this issue, we developed YH23537 through process optimization to extract active compounds efficiently while still achieving the chemical profile of YH14642. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of YH23537 compared with YH14642 using a canine model of ligature-induced periodontitis. Human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells were treated with various concentrations of YH23537 or YH14642 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hr. IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the conditioned media were determined using Luminex. Sixteen 3-year-old male beagle dogs had their teeth scaled and polished using a piezo-type ultrasonic scaler under general anesthesia and brushed once daily for the following 2 weeks. Two weeks after the scaling procedure, the left upper second premolar (PM2), third premolar (PM3), and fourth premolar (PM4) as well as the left lower PM3, PM4, and first molar (M1) were ligated with silk-wire twisted ligatures. The dogs were fed with soft moistened food to induce periodontitis for 8 weeks, and the ligatures were then removed. YH23537 and YH14642 were administered for 4 weeks, and clinical periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP) were determined before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after treatment. YH23537 inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in a dose-dependent manner in hGF cells stimulated with LPS. The IC50 values for YH23537 were 43 and 54 μg/ml for IL-6 and IL-8, respectively, while the values for YH14642 were 104 and 117 μg/ml, respectively. In the animal study, clinical parameters including GI, PD, CAL, and BoP were significantly increased after 8 weeks of ligature-induced periodontitis. The YH23537 300 and YH23537 900 mg groups had significant improvements in CAL from 1 to 4 weeks after treatment in comparison to the placebo group. GR values in the YH23537 900 mg group were decreased throughout the treatment period. GI values were also reduced significantly after 4-week treatment with 300 and 900 mg of YH23537. YH23537 at 300 mg doses showed comparable efficacy for CAL and GR with 1,000 mg of YH14642. YH23537 showed therapeutic efficacy against periodontitis in dogs, mediated by anti-inflammatory effects. These findings indicate that YH23537 has the potential for further development as a new drug for patients suffering from periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Woo Shin
- Yuhan R&D Institute, 25 Tapsil-ro, 35 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-902, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ri Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Noh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Kwak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Gal
- Yuhan R&D Institute, 25 Tapsil-ro, 35 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-902, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., 25 Tapsil-ro, 35 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkyu Kim
- Yuhan R&D Institute, 25 Tapsil-ro, 35 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-902, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- Department of Bio Applied Toxicology, Toxicology Research Center, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro, 79 Beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam–do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Han
- Department of Bio Applied Toxicology, Toxicology Research Center, Hoseo University, 20 Hoseo-ro, 79 Beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam–do, Republic of Korea
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24
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Bai X, Ma Q, Li Q, Yin M, Xin Y, Zhen D, Wei C. Protective mechanisms of Leontopodium leontopodioides extracts on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury viathe NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:47-57. [PMID: 36641232 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a critical cause of multiple organ failure. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most serious complications associated with an extremely high mortality rate in SIRS, and it lacked simple, safe, and effective treatment strategies. Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv (LLB) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic nephritis. However, it remains unclear whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects LPS-induced AKI. To identify the molecular mechanisms of LLB in LPS-induced HK-2 cells and mice, LLB was prepared by extraction with 70% methanol, while a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HK-2 cell model and an AKI model were established in this study. Renal histopathology staining was performed to observe the morphology changes. The cell supernatant and kidney tissues were collected for determining the levels of inflammatory factors and protein expression by ELISA, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. The results indicated that LLB significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced HK-2 cells, as well as the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the supernatant. The same results were observed in LPS-induced AKI serum. Further studies revealed that LLB remarkably improved oxidative stress and apoptosis based on the content of MDA, SOD, and CAT in serum and TUNEL staining results. Notably, LLB significantly reduced the mortality due to LPS infection. Renal histopathology staining results supported these results. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and Western blot results confirmed that LLB significantly reduced the expression of the protein related to the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 which were significantly increased through LPS stimulation. These findings clearly demonstrated the potential use of LLB in the treatment of AKI and the crucial role of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the process through which LLB attenuates AKI induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; College of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qi Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Ying Xin
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Dong Zhen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China.
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25
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He T, Xiong L, Zhang Y, Yan R, Yu M, Liu M, Liu L, Duan C, Li X, Zhang J. Mice kidney biometabolic process analysis after cantharidin exposure using widely-targeted metabolomics combined with network pharmacology. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113541. [PMID: 36464109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a principal bioactive component of traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris used in cancer treatment. However, CTD clinical application is limited due to nephrotoxicity, and the mechanism is unknown. The present study used widely-targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, and cell experiments to investigate the nephrotoxicity mechanism after CTD exposure. In mice exposed to CTD, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels increased with renal injury. Then, 74 differential metabolites were detected, including 51 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated metabolites classified as amino acids, small peptides, fatty acyl, arachidonic acid metabolite, organic acid, and nucleotides. Sixteen metabolic pathways including tyrosine, sulfur, and pyrimidine metabolism were all disrupted in the kidney. Furthermore, network pharmacology revealed that 258 metabolic targets, and pathway enrichment indicated that CTD could activate oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress (OS). Subsequently, HK-2 cell experiments demonstrated that CTD could reduce superoxide dismutase while increasing malondialdehyde levels. In conclusion, after CTD exposure, biometabolic processes may be disrupted with renal injury in mice, resulting in oxidative phosphorylation and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu He
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Rong Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ming Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Cancan Duan
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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26
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, Almeida PP, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Bioactive compounds modulating Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4)-mediated inflammation: pathways involved and future perspectives. Nutr Res 2022; 107:96-116. [PMID: 36209684 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence suggests that pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns are crucial in chronic inflammation. Among the pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates several inflammatory pathway agonists, such as nuclear factor-κB, interferon regulator factor 3, and nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 pathways, which consequently trigger the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, increasing the risk of noncommunicable disease development and progression. Studies have focused on the antagonistic potential of bioactive compounds, following the concept of food as a medicine, in which nutritional strategies may mitigate inflammation via TLR4 modulation. Thus, this review discusses preclinical evidence concerning bioactive compounds from fruit, vegetable, spice, and herb extracts (curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, cinnamaldehyde, emodin, ginsenosides, quercetin, allicin, and caffeine) that may regulate the TLR4 pathway and reduce the inflammatory response. Bioactive compounds can inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammation through gut microbiota modulation, improvement of intestinal permeability, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 binding, and decreasing TLR4 expression by modulation of microRNAs and antioxidant pathways. The responses directly mitigated inflammation, especially nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines release. These findings should be considered for further clinical studies on inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Coutinho-Wolino
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia P Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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27
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Panax notoginseng saponins alleviates inflammation induced by microglial activation and protects against ischemic brain injury via inhibiting HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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28
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Feng YL, Yang Y, Chen H. Small molecules as a source for acute kidney injury therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Niu J, Yuan M, Li H, Liu Y, Wang L, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li L, Zhang J, Zhao C. Pentapeptide modified ethosomes for enhanced skin retention and topical efficacy activity of indomethacin. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1800-1810. [PMID: 35656937 PMCID: PMC9176705 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2081739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Challenges associated with topical analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs include poor drug penetration and retention at the desired lesion site. Therefore, improving these challenges would help to reduce the toxic and side effects caused by drug absorption into the systemic circulation and improve the therapeutic efficacy of topical therapeutic drugs. Pentapeptide (KTTKS) is a signal peptide in skin tissue, it can be recognized and bound by signal recognition particles. In the current study, we successfully prepared novel indomethacin (IMC) loaded KTTKS-modified ethosomes (IMC-KTTKS-Es), and the physicochemical properties and topical efficacy were investigated. Results showed that the prepared IMC-KTTKS-Es displayed a particle size of about 244 nm, a negative charge, good deformability, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) exceeding 80% for IMC, with a sustained release pattern. In vitro percutaneous permeation studies revealed that the skin retention was increased after the drug was loaded in the IMC-KTTKS-Es. Confocal laser scanning microscopy also showed improved skin retention of IMC-KTTKS-Es. In addition, IMC-KTTKS-Es showed improved topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity with no potentially hazardous skin irritation. This study suggested that the IMC-KTTKS-Es might be an effective drug carrier for topical skin therapy with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiu Niu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Hongying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanli Fan
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Lingmei Li
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
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30
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A Review of Twenty Years of Research on the Regulation of Signaling Pathways by Natural Products in Breast Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113412. [PMID: 35684353 PMCID: PMC9182524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death among women, and it has become a global health issue due to the increasing number of cases. Different treatment options, including radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and anti-estrogen therapy, aromatase inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis drugs, and anthracyclines, are available for BC treatment. However, due to its high occurrence and disease progression, effective therapeutic options for metastatic BC are still lacking. Considering this scenario, there is an urgent need for an effective therapeutic strategy to meet the current challenges of BC. Natural products have been screened as anticancer agents as they are cost-effective, possess low toxicity and fewer side effects, and are considered alternative therapeutic options for BC therapy. Natural products showed anticancer activities against BC through the inhibition of angiogenesis, cell migrations, proliferations, and tumor growth; cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptosis and cell death, the downstream regulation of signaling pathways (such as Notch, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and NFAT-MDM2), and the regulation of EMT processes. Natural products also acted synergistically to overcome the drug resistance issue, thus improving their efficacy as an emerging therapeutic option for BC therapy. This review focused on the emerging roles of novel natural products and derived bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents against BC. The present review also discussed the mechanism of action through signaling pathways and the synergistic approach of natural compounds to improve their efficacy. We discussed the recent in vivo and in vitro studies for exploring the overexpression of oncogenes in the case of BC and the current status of newly discovered natural products in clinical investigations.
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Yang F, Li J, Lan Y, Lei Y, Zeng F, Huang X, Luo X, Liu R. Potential application of ginseng in sepsis. J Ginseng Res 2022; 47:353-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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He T, Wang Q, Ao J, Chen K, Li X, Zhang J, Duan C. Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to autophagy and apoptosis in cantharidin-induced nephrotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112986. [PMID: 35398186 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mylabris, as a natural product of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), exhibiting typical antitumor activity, and cantharidin (CTD) is the major bioactive component. However, drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN) extremely limited its clinical application. In this study, we proved that activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent PERK/CHOP pathway exerts a toxic role in rats and HK-2 cells through inducing autophagy and apoptosis. Results showed that CTD could cause renal function damage, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. The ER dilatation and autolysosomes were observed after CTD treatment. Furthermore, the distribution of LC3, ATF4, and CHOP proteins was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In addition, the mRNA levels of ER stress-regulated genes (PERK, eIF2α, CHOP, and ATF4) were increased, and the expression levels of GRP78, ATF4, CHOP, LC3, Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg7, Caspase 3, and Bax/Bcl-2 proteins were increased both in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, this upregulation could be inhibited by an ER stress inhibitor 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), indicating that ER stress is partly responsible for activation of autophagy and apoptosis in CTD-induced DIN. In conclusion, CTD could induce DIN by triggering ER stress, further activating autophagy and apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jingwen Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Kuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Cancan Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Miranda RDS, Jesus BDSM, Silva Luiz SR, Viana CB, Adão Malafaia CR, Figueiredo FDS, Carvalho TDSC, Silva ML, Londero VS, Costa‐Silva TA, Lago JHG, Martins RCC. Antiinflammatory activity of natural triterpenes—An overview from 2006 to 2021. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1459-1506. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Souza Miranda
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Regina Silva Luiz
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IMPG‐UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Cristina Borges Viana
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Adão Malafaia
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Natural Products and Food Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Souza Figueiredo
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Lopes Silva
- Center of Human and Natural Sciences Federal University of ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Londero
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) Diadema Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Carlos Campos Martins
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Lu Q, Li R, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Li J. Ingredients with anti-inflammatory effect from medicine food homology plants. Food Chem 2022; 368:130610. [PMID: 34419798 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs when the immune system responses to external harmful stimuli and infection. Chronic inflammation induces various diseases. A variety of foods are prescribed in the traditional medicines of many countries all over the world, which gave birth to the concept of medicine food homology. Over the past few decades, a number of secondary metabolites from medicine food homology plants have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present review, the effects and mechanisms of the medicine food homology plants-derived active components on relieving inflammation and inflammation-mediated diseases were summarized and discussed. The information provided in this review is valuable to future studies on anti-inflammatory ingredients derived from medicine food homology plants as drugs or food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Lu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yixi Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and modulate the gut microbiota in mice. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230709. [PMID: 35088071 PMCID: PMC8821950 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we study the therapeutic effect of Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids (ASTFs) using a mouse intestinal inflammation model. The inflammation model used in the present study was developed through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of mice. The experimental mice were divided into a control group, model group (10 mg/kg LPS), dexamethasone group (1 mg/kg DEX) and ASTF low-, medium- and high-dosage groups (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, respectively). The morphological and structural changes in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum were observed using HE staining. The number of intestinal goblet cells (GCs) was calculated based on PAS staining. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the related mRNA expression level were measured by RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, p65 and p-p65 were measured using Western blotting. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequences of bacterial taxa were amplified and analyzed to assess changes in the intestinal microbes of LPS-induced mice and also in response to regulation by ASTF. Following intervention with ASTF, different therapeutic effects were shown according to the various dosages tested, all of which resulted in improved intestinal morphology and an increased number of intestinal GCs, while the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2 and TNF-α and the related mRNA expression level were significantly reduced. The TLR4, MyD88 and p-p65/p-65 protein expression levels were also significantly reduced. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing results show that LPS disrupts the structure of mouse gut microbes, though we observed that normal microbial status can be restored through ASTF intervention.
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Lee YY, Kim SD, Park SC, Rhee MH. Panax ginseng: Inflammation, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and atherosclerosis crosstalk. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:54-61. [PMID: 35058727 PMCID: PMC8753522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been widely studied due to its various therapeutic properties on various diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular disease has been canonically known to be caused by high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the bloodstream, in addition to the impaired vasodilatory effects of cholesterol. However, current research on CVD has revealed a cascade of mechanisms involving a series of events that contribute to the progression of CVD. Although this has been elucidated and summarized in previous studies the detailed correlation between platelet aggregation and innate immunity that plays an important role in CVD progression has not been thoroughly summarized. Furthermore, immune cell subtypes also contribute to the progression of plaque formation in the subendothelial layer. Thrombus formation and the coagulation cascade also have a vital role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Hence, in this mini review we aim to elucidate, summarize, and propose the potent therapeutic effect of ginseng on CVD, mainly on platelet aggregation, plaque formation, and thrombus formation.
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Antipharyngitis Effects of Syringa oblata L. Ethanolic Extract in Acute Pharyngitis Rat Model and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ir-Idoids in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5111752. [PMID: 34925529 PMCID: PMC8683189 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Acute pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucous membrane and submucous lymphoid tissues. Unsatisfactory treatment and repeated occurrences might cause chronic pharyngitis and other complications. Syringa oblata L. (S. oblata) is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on various inflammatory diseases. Its commercial drug Yan Li Xiao (YLX) capsule is used as a cure for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as bacillary dysentery, tonsillitis, bronchitis, and acute gastroenteritis. However, studies about S. oblata relieving acute pharyngitis are rare. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the chemical profile of S. oblata, and the bioactive phytoconstituents were isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. An ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis rat model was established to estimate the protective effect of S. oblata in vivo for the first time. The severity of pharyngitis was observed by appearance index and HE staining. The cytokines expression was performed by ELISA. Crucial proteins expression associated with TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of isolated compounds was evaluated by suppressing lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced NO generation and regulating the cytokines levels in RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that S. oblata exhibited a protective effect in the ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis rat model, and the compounds exert potential anti-inflammatory properties against LPS-activated RAW 254.7 cells.
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Xue Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu Z, Fan G, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yang J. Traditional Herbal Medicine Discovery for the Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720873. [PMID: 34899290 PMCID: PMC8660120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that may subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Although there are currently both non-pharmacological (lung transplantation, etc.) and pharmacological (Sildenafil, Bosentan, and new oral drugs on trial) therapies available, PAH remains a serious and fatal pulmonary disease. As a unique medical treatment, traditional herbal medicine (THM) treatment has gradually exerted its advantages in treating PAH worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of THM were deciphered, including suppression of proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, controlling the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating vasoconstriction and ion channels. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently studied compound THM, single herbal preparations, and multiple active components from THM are comprehensively summarized, as well as their related mechanisms on several classical preclinical PAH models. It is worth mentioning that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium and tetramethylpyrazine are under clinical trials and are considered the most promoting medicines for PAH treatment. Last, reverse pharmacology, a strategy to discover THM or THM-derived components, has also been proposed here for PAH. This review discusses the current state of THM, their working mechanisms against PAH, and prospects of reverse pharmacology, which are expected to facilitate the natural anti-PAH medicine discovery and development and its bench-to-bedside transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Cai SQ, Zhang Q, Zhao XH, Shi J. The In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Galangin and Quercetin towards the LPS-Injured Rat Intestinal Epithelial (IEC-6) Cells as Affected by Heat Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:7495. [PMID: 34946578 PMCID: PMC8703769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonols possess several beneficial bioactivities in vitro and in vivo. In this study, two flavonols galangin and quercetin with or without heat treatment (100 °C for 15-30 min) were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells and whether the heat treatment caused activity changes. The flavonol dosages of 2.5-20 μmol/L had no cytotoxicity on the cells but could enhance cell viability (especially using 5 μmol/L flavonol dosage). The flavonols could decrease the production of prostaglandin E2 and three pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and simultaneously promote the production of two anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β. The Western-blot results verified that the flavonols could suppress the LPS-induced expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated IκBα and p65, while the molecular docking results also illustrated that the flavonols could bind with TLR4 and NF-κB to yield energy decreases of -(21.9-28.6) kJ/mol. Furthermore, an inhibitor BAY 11-7082 blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of phosphorylated IκBα/p65 and thus mediated the production of IL-6/IL-10 as the flavonols did, which confirmed the assessed anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonols. Consistently, galangin had higher anti-inflammatory activity than quercetin, while the heated flavonols (especially those with longer heat time) were less active than the unheated counterparts to exert these target anti-inflammatory effects. It is highlighted that the flavonols could antagonize the LPS-caused IEC-6 cells inflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB activation, but heat treatment of the flavonols led to reduced anti-inflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
- Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
- Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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Ma C, Sheng N, Shi G, Zhang J, Zhang T. An efficient approach to probe the bioactive transdermal components of traditional Chinese herbal patches by UHPLC-MS: Gutong patch as a case. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153776. [PMID: 34666285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese herbal patches (TCHPs) characterized by good patient adherence and few side effects have been widely used in the clinic. However, their bioactive transdermal components, which are key to the quality and efficacy, have rarely been investigated. PURPOSE Establishing an approach to probe the bioactive transdermal components of TCHPs, using Gutong patch (GTP) as a case study. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS GTP constituents were identified using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The identified GTP constituents were transferred to an ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method in a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) mode for sensitively targeted analysis of transdermal components present at low concentrations. The ex vivo transdermal components were rapidly probed using a percutaneous permeation model and the release kinetics of marker components was assessed to evaluate the release behavior of GTP. The in vivo transdermal components were then studied in a rat model of arthritis and the changes in concentration of 15 representative bioactive transdermal components with time were well revealed. RESULTS A total of 120 phytochemical constituents have been identified in GTP extracts and 61 ex vivo transdermal components were targetedly detected. The release kinetics of GTP were evaluated by eight marker components and fitted to a zero-order kinetic model. In vivo, 62 and 40 transdermal components were observed in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of arthritic rats, respectively. The concentration-time changes of 15 representative transdermal components with documented bioactivities have been successfully exhibited after GTP administration. CONCLUSION We established a feasible approach to probe the bioactive transdermal components of TCHPs efficiently. The integration of mass spectrometry profiling and targeted detection in dMRM mode enabled a comprehensive investigation of phytochemical constituents and their transdermal delivery, thus addressing the challenge of direct probing of diverse transdermal components present at low concentrations. This approach could be used to rapidly probe the bioactive components and understand the mechanism of TCHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ning Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Lidocaine Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Suppressing Tissue Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3827501. [PMID: 34804364 PMCID: PMC8604580 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3827501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the fatal symptoms of sepsis. However, there were no effective clinical treatments. TF accumulation-induced fibrin deposit formations and coagulation abnormalities in pulmonary vessels contribute to the lethality of ALI. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) acts as an endogenous negative regulator of the TLR4/TF pathway. We hypothesized that inducing SOCS3 expression using lidocaine to suppress the TLR4/TF pathway may alleviate ALI. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), B-mode ultrasound, and flow cytometry were used to measure the pathological damage of mice. Gelatin zymography was used to measure matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) activities. Western blot was used to assay the expression of protein levels. Here, we show that lidocaine could increase the survival rate of ALI mice and ameliorate the lung injury of ALI mice including reducing the edema, neutrophil infiltration, and pulmonary thrombosis formation and increasing blood flow velocity. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo, lidocaine could increase the expression of p-AMPK and SOCS3 and subsequently decrease the expression of p-ASK1, p-p38, TF, and the activity of MMP-2/9. Taken together, our study demonstrated that lidocaine could inhibit the TLR4/ASK1/TF pathway to alleviate ALI via activating AMPK-SOCS3 axis.
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Li Y, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Zhou R, Xu P, Zhou L, Kan Y, Li J, Zhao J, Fang P, Yu X, Shang W. Upregulation of adiponectin by Ginsenoside Rb1 contributes to amelioration of hepatic steatosis induced by high fat diet. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:561-571. [PMID: 35818425 PMCID: PMC9270646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is capable of regulating lipid and glucose metabolism through its action on adipocytes. However, the beneficial role of GRb1-induced up-regulation of adiponectin in liver steatosis remains unelucidated. Thus, we tested whether GRb1 ameliorates liver steatosis and insulin resistance by promoting the expression of adiponectin. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes and hepatocytes were used to investigate GRb1's action on adiponectin expression and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. Wild type (WT) mice and adiponectin knockout (KO) mice fed high fat diet were treated with GRb1 for 2 weeks. Hepatic fat accumulation and function as well as insulin sensitivity was measured. The activation of AMPK was also detected in the liver and hepatocytes. Results GRb1 reversed the reduction of adiponectin secretion in adipocytes. The conditioned medium (CM) from adipocytes treated with GRb1 reduced TG accumulation in hepatocytes, which was partly attenuated by the adiponectin antibody. In the KO mice, the GRb1-induced significant decrease of TG content, ALT and AST was blocked by the deletion of adiponectin. The elevations of GRb1-induced insulin sensitivity indicated by OGTT, ITT and HOMA-IR were also weakened in the KO mice. The CM treatment significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK in hepatocytes, but not GRb1 treatment. Likewise, the phosphorylation of AMPK in liver of the WT mice was increased by GRb1, but not in the KO mice. Conclusions The up-regulation of adiponectin by GRb1 contributes to the amelioration of liver steatosis and insulin resistance, which further elucidates a new mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of GRb1 on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruonan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingyuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Kan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xizhong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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CRISPRi-Guided Metabolic Flux Engineering for Enhanced Protopanaxadiol Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111836. [PMID: 34769267 PMCID: PMC8584524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protopanaxadiol (PPD), an aglycon found in several dammarene-type ginsenosides, has high potency as a pharmaceutical. Nevertheless, application of these ginsenosides has been limited because of the high production cost due to the rare content of PPD in Panax ginseng and a long cultivation time (4–6 years). For the biological mass production of the PPD, de novo biosynthetic pathways for PPD were introduced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the metabolic flux toward the target molecule was restructured to avoid competition for carbon sources between native metabolic pathways and de novo biosynthetic pathways producing PPD in S. cerevisiae. Here, we report a CRISPRi (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference)-based customized metabolic flux system which downregulates the lanosterol (a competing metabolite of dammarenediol-II (DD-II)) synthase in S. cerevisiae. With the CRISPRi-mediated suppression of lanosterol synthase and diversion of lanosterol to DD-II and PPD in S. cerevisiae, we increased PPD production 14.4-fold in shake-flask fermentation and 5.7-fold in a long-term batch-fed fermentation.
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Hosoya T, Cordelia D, Michael BD, Miyabe C, Nagai J, Murooka TT, Miyabe Y. Editorial: Targeting the Chemoattractant System in Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:744290. [PMID: 34483948 PMCID: PMC8415622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Hosoya
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dunai Cordelia
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection Ecology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,NIHR HPRU for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict D Michael
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection Ecology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,NIHR HPRU for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Division of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Nippon Medical School, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Liu T, Xing S, Du J, Wang M, Han J, Li Z. Synthesis and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of novel 8-quinolinesulfonamide derivatives as TLR4/MD-2 inhibitors with efficacy in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105037. [PMID: 34120022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 8-quinolinesulfonamidederivatives was synthesized, and their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated. Among them, compound 3l was found to be the best anti-inflammatory agent, with IC50 values of 2.61 ± 0.39, 9.74 ± 0.85, and 12.71 ± 1.34 μM against NO, TNF-α and IL-1β production respectively. And 3l could significantly prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2). Molecule docking results showed that 3l could bind to the LPS binding site of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2, and 3l was then identified as TLR4/MD-2 inhibitor by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and cellular thermal shift assay (CTESA). Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that 3l could prevent TLR4 from being activated by disrupting TLR4/MD-2 heterodimerization and TLR4 homodimerization, thereby blocking the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, observation of rat foot swelling, joint pathology and serum inflammatory cytokine levels proved that compound 3l had a significant therapeutic effect on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats in vivo. These results indicated that compound 3l is a potential anti-inflammatory agent, from which more effective anti-inflammatory drugs could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Siqi Xing
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Min Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianfei Han
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zeng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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46
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Zhi H, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Yan B, Li Z, Wu W, Feng Z, Lei M, Long H, Hou J, Guo D, Wu W. Restoring perturbed oxylipins with Danqi Tongmai Tablet attenuates acute myocardial infarction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153616. [PMID: 34252738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids have a special synergic effect on panax notoginsenosides in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and have been developed into a new drug as Danqi Tongmai Tablet (DQTT). To explore candidate targets and mechanisms of DQTT on AMI, a network pharmacology-based analysis was performed on absorbed prototype compounds of DQTT in rat plasma. Target prediction from network analysis indicated that the arachidonic acid pathway might contribute to the therapeutic effects of DQTT on AMI, and the regulatory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were validated using an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established on H9c2 cardiomyocytes. To further explore the action mechanisms of DQTT, 38 oxylipins were quantitatively analyzed among high, medium, and low doses of DQTT using a rat AMI model with an ultra high performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ/MS) detection system. As attenuation was observed in AMI with DQTT treatment, the perturbed arachidonic acid metabolome was partly restored in a dose-dependent fashion with a significant elevation of anti-inflammatory metabolites, while pro-inflammatory lipids were decreased. Cytokine array analysis also supported the anti-inflammatory effects of DQTT, as significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. The analysis of ischemic heart tissues demonstrated that COX and LOX, the inflammation-induced catalytic enzymes of arachidonic acid metabolism, were inhibited on both gene expression and protein level. These results confirmed that DQTT could restore the arachidonic acid metabolome to maintain an anti-inflammatory profile against the ischemic tissue injury and support that DQTT can be a promising medicinal therapy against AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingpeng Yan
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijing Feng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huali Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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47
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Li X, Zou Y, Fu YY, Xing J, Wang KY, Wan PZ, Wang M, Zhai XY. Ibudilast Attenuates Folic Acid-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Blocking Pyroptosis Through TLR4-Mediated NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650283. [PMID: 34025417 PMCID: PMC8139578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA)-induced renal tubule damage, which is characterized by extensive inflammation, is a common model of acute kidney injury (AKI). Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death due to the activation of inflammatory caspases, is involved in AKI progression. Ibudilast, a TLR4 antagonist, has been used in the clinic to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on asthma. However, researchers have not explored whether ibudilast exerts a protective effect on AKI by inhibiting inflammation. In the present study, ibudilast reversed FA-induced AKI in mice, as indicated by the reduced serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and improved renal pathology, as well as the downregulation of kidney injury marker-1. In addition, ibudilast significantly increased the production of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 while suppressing the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and macrophage infiltration. Moreover, in the injured kidney, ibudilast reduced the levels of both inflammasome markers (NLRP3) and pyroptosis-related proteins (caspase-1, IL1-β, IL-18, and GSDMD cleavage), and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Further mechanistic studies showed that ibudilast administration inhibited the FA-induced upregulation of TLR4, blocked NF-κB nuclear translocation, and reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα, p38, ERK, and JNK. Thus, this study substantiates the protective effect of ibudilast on FA-induced AKI in mice and suggests that protection might be achieved by reducing pyroptosis and inflammation, likely through the inhibition of TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Xing
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai-Yue Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Wan
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiao-Yue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Nephropathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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48
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Lin X, Zhang J, Fan D, Hou J, Wang H, Zhu L, Tian R, An X, Yan M. Frutescone O from Baeckea frutescens Blocked TLR4-Mediated Myd88/NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643188. [PMID: 33986676 PMCID: PMC8112673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frutescone O was isolated from the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens L., which was commonly used as a folk medicinal material for treating anti-inflammatory disease in South East Asia. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and related signaling cascade of Frutescone O (Fru) in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammation activity of Frutescone O was determined according to the inhibitory effects on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), expression of inducible NO synthase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The regulation of Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), inhibition of NF-κB, and MAPK pathways were further investigated for molecular mechanisms. Fru significantly decreased the expression of iNOS and the production of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. It also dose-dependently suppressed LPS induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, Fru remarkably inhibited the upregulation of NF-κB (p50) expression in the nucleus and the phosphorylation ratio of p38, JNK, ERK, and Myd88 signaling protein. The molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) results indicated that Fru participated in a robust and stable interaction with the active site of TLR4-MD2. Thus, Fru suppressed the LPS induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells by blocking the TLR4 mediated signal transduction through the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and inhibiting the Myd88 and iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Decai Fan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiqin Hou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruina Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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49
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Zhang Z, Jiang S, Tian H, Zeng Y, He K, Lin L, Yu F. Ethyl acetate fraction from Nymphaea hybrida Peck modulates inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and acute inflammation murine models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113698. [PMID: 33338590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nymphaea hybrida Peck is used as a traditional medicinal herb for treating pain and inflammatory diseases, and known for its ornamental value and as a hot drink. However, the effects of N. hybrida polar fractions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced in vitro inflammation model and acute inflammation murine models have yet to be evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of N. hybrida ethanol extract (NHE) and its polar fractions: petroleum ether (PE), methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (ME), and water (WA). The underlying molecular mechanisms of active fraction in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were further investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fractions with potential anti-inflammatory effects were screened using direct nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition assays in vitro. The anti-inflammatory properties of potential fraction were evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced Evans blue exudation of acute inflammation murine models. The regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were investigated using western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Compared to other polar fractions, NHE-EA displayed higher phenol and flavonoid content, and exerted greater activity in direct NO radical scavenging and COX-2 inhibition assay in vitro. NHE-EA markedly decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators, NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), by suppressing the over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The NHE-EA fraction dose-dependently alleviated over-elevation of LPS-associated intracellular calcium and decreased the abnormal secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The combination with NHE-EA effectively attenuated the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 kinases of MAPK pathways. NHE-EA could significantly ameliorate the degree of swelling of the mice ear and paw, the skin exudation of Evans blue and the excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that NHE-EA was the most active polar fraction of N. hybrida extracts. It inhibited the LPS-associated inflammatory response by blocking the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs pathways in RAW264.7 cells. It also effectively alleviated the inflammatory response of acute inflammation. These results indicated the role of NHE-EA as adjuvants and their potential role in alternative strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangwei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuoqi Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hengqun Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kang He
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Lin
- ZhouShan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Fangmiao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Zhao M, Yu Y, Wang R, Chang M, Ma S, Qu H, Zhang Y. Mechanisms and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619201. [PMID: 33854427 PMCID: PMC8039908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the current treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited, it is necessary to seek more effective and safer treatment methods, such as Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). In order to clarify the modern theoretical basis and molecular mechanisms of CHMs, we reviewed the knowledge based on publications in peer-reviewed English-language journals, focusing on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated and antifibrotic effects of CHMs commonly used in kidney disease. We also discussed recently published clinical trials and meta-analyses in this field. Based on recent studies regarding the mechanisms of kidney disease in vivo and in vitro, CHMs have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic effects. Several well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses demonstrated that the use of CHMs as an adjuvant to conventional medicines may benefit patients with CKD. Unknown active ingredients, low quality and small sample sizes of some clinical trials, and the safety of CHMs have restricted the development of CHMs. CHMs is a potential method in the treatment of CKD. Further study on the mechanism and well-conducted RCTs are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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