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Khayyal MT, Teaima MH, Marzouk HM, -Hazek RME, Behnam F, Behnam D. Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Standard Astaxanthin and its Micellar Formulation in Healthy Male Volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:467-475. [PMID: 38748358 PMCID: PMC11199261 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid with high anti-oxidant properties, but it is a very lipophilic compound with low oral bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of a novel astaxanthin preparation based on micellar solubilization technology, NovaSOL® 400-mg capsules (Test product), and those of astaxanthin 400-mg capsules (reference product), after single oral dose administration to healthy male adults. METHODS A single oral dose (400 mg equivalent to 8 mg astaxanthin) of test and reference astaxanthin were administered with 240 mL of water to 12 volunteers according to crossover design, in two phases, with a washout period of 1 week in between. Blood samples were collected at hourly intervals for the first 12 h, then at 24.0, 48.0, and 72.0 h after administration. Aliquots of plasma were centrifuged and the clear supernatant was injected into the high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) system. Plasma concentration of astaxanthin versus time profiles were constructed, and the primary pharmacokinetic parameters, maximum concentration (Cmax), area under concentration time curve from time of administration (0) to time (t) [AUC0-t] or to infinity ∞, [AUC0-∞], half-life (T½) and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were calculated. RESULTS The test micellar astaxanthin reached a Cmax of 7.21 µg/ml after 3.67 h compared to only 3.86 µg/ml after 8.5 h for the reference native astaxanthin. CONCLUSION Micellar formulation of astaxanthin is capable of producing a high concentration of astaxanthin in plasma in a shorter time, thereby expected to provide faster potential therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Khayyal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Applied Research and advanced Studies (CARAS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, ET-11562, Egypt
- Center of Applied Research and advanced Studies (CARAS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M El -Hazek
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Yuandani, Jantan I, Salim E, Septama AW, Rullah K, Nainu F, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Emran TB, Roney M, Khairunnisa NA, Nasution HR, Fadhil As'ad M, Shamsudin NF, Abdullah MA, Marwa Rani HL, Al Chaira DM, Aulia N. Mechanistic insights into anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of plant secondary metabolites and their therapeutic potential for rheumatoid arthritis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2931-2961. [PMID: 38600726 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities of plant secondary metabolites are due to their diverse mechanisms of action against multifarious molecular targets such as modulation of the complex immune system associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review discussed and critically analyzed the potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of several phytochemicals and their underlying mechanisms in association with RA in experimental studies, including preliminary clinical studies of some of them. A wide range of phytochemicals including phenols, flavonoids, chalcones, xanthones, terpenoids, alkaloids, and glycosides have shown significant immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental RA models and a few have undergone clinical trials for their efficacy and safety in reducing RA symptoms and improve patient outcomes. These phytochemicals have potential as safer alternatives to the existing drugs in the management of RA, which possess a wide range of serious side effects. Sufficient preclinical studies on safety and efficacy of these phytochemicals must be performed prior to proper clinical studies. Further studies are needed to address the barriers that have so far limited their human use before the therapeutic potential of these plant-based chemicals as anti-arthritic agents in the treatment of RA is fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Chitosan and Advanced Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Emil Salim
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Talhah Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Miah Roney
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aini Khairunnisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Halimah Raina Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muh Fadhil As'ad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Pelamonia Health Sciences Institute, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Aisyah Abdullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Haya Luthfiyyah Marwa Rani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Diany Mahabbah Al Chaira
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Aulia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical/Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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3
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Gao WY, Chen PY, Hsu HJ, Liou JW, Wu CL, Wu MJ, Yen JH. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone, regulates lipid metabolism by modulating the LXRα/RXR-ANGPTL3-LPL axis in hepatic cell lines and high-fat diet-fed zebrafish models. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116598. [PMID: 38615609 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) acts as an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), impeding the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) in circulation. Targeting ANGPTL3 is considered a novel strategy for improving dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) contain several bioactive prenylflavonoids, including xanthohumol (Xan), isoxanthohumol (Isoxan), 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN), and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), with the potential to manage lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of Xan, the effective prenylated chalcone in attenuating ANGPTL3 transcriptional activity, both in vitro using hepatic cells and in vivo using zebrafish models, along with exploring the underlying mechanisms. Xan (10 and 20 μM) significantly reduced ANGPTL3 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cells, leading to a marked decrease in secreted ANGPTL3 proteins via hepatic cells. In animal studies, orally administered Xan significantly alleviated plasma triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in zebrafish fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, it reduced hepatic ANGPTL3 protein levels and increased LPL activity in zebrafish models, indicating its potential to modulate lipid profiles in circulation. Furthermore, molecular docking results predicted that Xan exhibits a higher binding affinity to interact with liver X receptor α (LXRα) and retinoic acid X receptor (RXR) than their respective agonists, T0901317 and 9-Cis-retinoic acid (9-Cis-RA). We observed that Xan suppressed hepatic ANGPTL3 expression by antagonizing the LXRα/RXR-mediated transcription. These findings suggest that Xan ameliorates dyslipidemia by modulating the LXRα/RXR-ANGPTL3-LPL axis. Xan represents a novel potential inhibitor of ANGPTL3 for the prevention or treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yun Gao
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Genetic Counseling Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970374, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wen Liou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Genetic Counseling Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970374, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717301, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan.
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4
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Zhou M, Ma J, Kang M, Tang W, Xia S, Yin J, Yin Y. Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300065. [PMID: 38708419 PMCID: PMC11065335 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature and have a variety of beneficial biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. All of these are related to gut microbiota, and flavonoids also serve as a bridge between the host and gut microbiota. Flavonoids are commonly used to modify the composition of the gut microbiota by promoting or inhibiting specific microbial species within the gut, as well as modifying their metabolites. In turn, the gut microbiota extensively metabolizes flavonoids. Hence, this reciprocal relationship between flavonoids and the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functionality of the metabolism system. In this review, we mainly highlighted the biological effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, and discussed the interaction between flavonoids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and elaborated the potential mechanisms on host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Kang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science AcademyLivestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Animtech Feed Co., LtdChengduSichuanChina
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
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5
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Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Maisto M, Marzocchi A, Keivani N, Piccolo V, Summa V, Tenore GC. Natural Chalcones for the Management of Obesity Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15929. [PMID: 37958912 PMCID: PMC10648025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the incidence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide, reaching a dangerous pandemic spread. This condition has serious public health implications as it significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. The treatment of obesity is therefore the greatest health challenge of our time. Conventional therapeutic treatment of obesity is based on the use of various synthetic molecules belonging to the class of appetite suppressants, lipase inhibitors, hormones, metabolic regulators, and inhibitors of intestinal peptide receptors. The long-term use of these molecules is generally limited by various side effects and tolerance. For this reason, the search for natural alternatives to treat obesity is a current research goal. This review therefore examined the anti-obesity potential of natural chalcones based on available evidence from in vitro and animal studies. In particular, the results of the main in vitro studies describing the principal molecular therapeutic targets and the mechanism of action of the different chalcones investigated were described. In addition, the results of the most relevant animal studies were reported. Undoubtedly, future clinical studies are urgently needed to confirm and validate the potential of natural chalcones in the clinical prophylaxis of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 59, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (N.K.); (V.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.T.)
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7
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Claudia Salanță L, Corina Fărcaş A, Borșa A, Rodica Pop C. Current strategies for the management of valuable compounds from hops waste for a circular economy. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100876. [PMID: 37780312 PMCID: PMC10534220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
World beer production generates large volumes of waste discharged with every brew. Recently, new methods of reducing and reusing hops waste: hot trub (HT), and brewer-spent hops (BSH) are being exploited to improve the circular economy processes. This review outlines the current achievements in the management of hops waste. Following an in-depth review of various scientific publications, current strategies are discussed as a sustainable alternative to food waste exploitation and an inexpensive source of valuable compounds. Moreover, key aspects concerning the nutritional value of hops waste and the potential to enhance the functional properties of food and beverages are highlighted. Due to their nutritional composition, hops residues may be used as prospective sources of added-value co-products or additives for food enrichment, especially for products rich in fat, or as a new source of vegetable protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Claudia Salanță
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Corina Fărcaş
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Borșa
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Rodica Pop
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Hop Flower Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts Coupled with Carriers with Solubilizing Properties-Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37760025 PMCID: PMC10525257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupuli flos shows many biological activities like antioxidant potential, extended by a targeted effect on selected enzymes, the expression of which is characteristic for neurodegenerative changes within the nervous system. Lupuli flos extracts (LFE) were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction with various pressure and temperature parameters. The antioxidant, chelating activity, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase by extracts were studied. The extracts containing ethanol were used as references. The most beneficial neuroprotective effects were shown by the extract obtained under 5000 PSI and 50 °C. The neuroprotective effect of active compounds is limited by poor solubility; therefore, carriers with solubilizing properties were used for scCO2 extracts, combined with post-scCO2 ethanol extract. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in combination with magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin US2) in the ratio 1:0.5 improved dissolution profiles to the greatest extent, while the apparent permeability coefficients of these compounds determined using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay in the gastrointestinal (PAMPA GIT) model were increased the most by only HP-β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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Quality by design-oriented formulation optimization and characterization of guar gum-pectin based oral colon targeted liquisolid formulation of xanthohumol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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10
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Dabrowski W, Gagos M, Siwicka-Gieroba D, Piechota M, Siwiec J, Bielacz M, Kotfis K, Stepulak A, Grzycka-Kowalczyk L, Jaroszynski A, Malbrain MLNG. Humulus lupus extract rich in xanthohumol improves the clinical course in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114082. [PMID: 36508996 PMCID: PMC9732508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The systemic inflammatory response following severe COVID-19 is associated with poor outcomes. Several anti-inflammatory medications have been studied in COVID-19 patients. Xanthohumol (Xn), a natural extract from hop cones, possesses strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Xn on the inflammatory response and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. METHODS Adult patients treated for acute respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 less than 150) were studied. Patients were randomized into two groups: Xn - patients receiving adjuvant treatment with Xn at a daily dose of 4.5 mg/kg body weight for 7 days, and C - controls. Observations were performed at four time points: immediately after admission to the ICU and on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of treatment. The inflammatory response was assessed based on the plasma IL-6 concentration, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer levels. The mortality rate was determined 28 days after admission to the ICU. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were eligible for the study, and 50 were included in the final analysis. The mortality rate was significantly lower and the clinical course was shorter in the Xn group than in the control group (20% vs. 48%, p < 0.05, and 9 ± 3 days vs. 22 ± 8 days, p < 0.001). Treatment with Xn decreased the plasma IL-6 concentration (p < 0.01), D-dimer levels (p < 0.05) and NLR (p < 0.01) more significantly than standard treatment alone. CONCLUSION Adjuvant therapy with Xn appears to be a promising anti-inflammatory treatment in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Dabrowski
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland,.
| | - Mariusz Gagos
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Piechota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Centre for Artificial Extracorporeal Kidney and Liver Support, Dr. W. Bieganski Regional Specialist Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jan Siwiec
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bielacz
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Manu LNG Malbrain
- First Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Zhang X, Wang T, Zhou H, Li Y, Guo H, Su H. Differential Inhibite Effect of Xanthohumol on HepG2 Cells and Primary Hepatocytes. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221136053. [DOI: 10.1177/15593258221136053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is the major prenylated chalcone of the female inflorescences (cone) of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus). It is also a constituent of beer, the major dietary source of prenylated flavonoids. It has shown strong antitumorigenic activity towards various types of cancer cells. In the present study, we show the impact on human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 cell and potential adverse effects on rat primary hepatocytes. Cell growth/viability assay (MTT) demonstrated that HepG2 cells are highly sensitive to XN at a concentration range of 25-100 μM. The primary mode of tumor cell destruction was apoptosis as demonstrated by the binding of Annexin Ⅴ-FITC, we show that XN at a concentration of 25 μM induced apoptosis in HepG2. Further evidence that XN kills HepG2 by inducing apoptosis was provided by the impact of XN on the cleavage of PARP-1 and caspases-3. In contrast, XN concentrations up to 100 μM did not affect viability of primary rat hepatocytes in vitro, meanwhile, XN did not induce the apoptosis of primary rat hepatocytes in vitro . In summary, our data provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of XN for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Gansu Tumor Hospital, Gansu Province Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Gansu Tumor Hospital, Gansu Province Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Gansu Tumor Hospital, Gansu Province Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Gansu Tumor Hospital, Gansu Province Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Guo
- Gansu Tumor Hospital, Gansu Province Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixiang Su
- Gansu Tumor Hospital, Gansu Province Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Liu W, He K, Wu D, Zhou L, Li G, Lin Z, Yang X, Liu J, Pui Man Hoi M. Natural Dietary Compound Xanthohumol Regulates the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolic Profile in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041281. [PMID: 35209070 PMCID: PMC8880053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new and effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major clinical challenge. This study focuses on chemical modulation of the gut microbiome in an established murine AD model. We used the 16S rDNA sequencing technique to investigate the effect of xanthohumol (Xn) on the diversity of intestinal microflora in 2-month- and 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice, respectively. APP/PS1 and wild-type mice were treated by gavage with corn oil with or without Xn every other day for 90 days. Prior to and following treatment, animals were tested for spatial learning, cognitive and memory function. We found Xn reduced cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice and significantly regulated the composition and abundance of gut microbiota both in prevention experiments (with younger mice) and therapeutic experiments (with older mice). Differential microflora Gammaproteobacteria were significantly enriched in APP/PS1 mice treated with Xn. Nodosilineaceae and Rikenellaceae may be the specific microflora modulated by Xn. The penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis pathway and the atrazine degradation pathway may be the principal modulation pathways. Taken together, oral treatment with Xn may have a neuroprotective role by regulating the composition of intestinal microflora, a result that contributes to the scientific basis for a novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Kaiwu He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Desheng Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Guowei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zequn Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; (K.H.); (D.W.); (L.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.P.M.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-2550-8584 (J.L.); +853-8822-4876 (M.P.M.H.); Fax: +86-0755-2550-8584 (J.L.); +853-2884-1358 (M.P.M.H.)
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.P.M.H.); Tel.: +86-0755-2550-8584 (J.L.); +853-8822-4876 (M.P.M.H.); Fax: +86-0755-2550-8584 (J.L.); +853-2884-1358 (M.P.M.H.)
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13
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Neumann HF, Frank J, Venturelli S, Egert S. Bioavailability and Cardiometabolic Effects of Xanthohumol: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100831. [PMID: 34967501 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol is the main prenylflavonoid in hops and has been associated with a wide range of health benefits, due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and cancer-preventive properties. Increasing evidence suggests that xanthohumol positively affects biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review summarizes the effects of xanthohumol supplementation on body weight, lipid and glucose metabolism, systemic inflammation, and redox status. In addition, it provides insights into the pharmacokinetics of xanthohumol intake. Animal studies show that xanthohumol exerts beneficial effects on body weight, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and other biochemical parameters associated with metabolic syndrome and CVDs. Although in vitro studies are increasingly elucidating the responsible mechanisms, the overall in vivo results are currently inconsistent and quantitatively insufficient. Pharmacokinetic and safety studies confirm that intake of xanthohumol is safe and well tolerated in both animals and humans. However, little is known about the metabolism of xanthohumol in the human body, and even less about its effects on body weight and CVD risk factors. There is an urgent need for studies investigating whether the effects of xanthohumol on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters observed in animal studies are reproducible in humans, and what dosage, formulation, and intervention period are required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Neumann
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany
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14
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Paraiso IL, Mattio LM, Alcázar Magaña A, Choi J, Plagmann LS, Redick MA, Miranda CL, Maier CS, Dallavalle S, Kioussi C, Blakemore PR, Stevens JF. Xanthohumol Pyrazole Derivative Improves Diet-Induced Obesity and Induces Energy Expenditure in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1782-1793. [PMID: 34927010 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The energy intake exceeding energy expenditure (EE) results in a positive energy balance, leading to storage of excess energy and weight gain. Here, we investigate the potential of a newly synthesized compound as an inducer of EE for the management of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops, was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a pyrazole derivative tested for its properties on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic impairments. In a comparative study with XN, we report that 4-(5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (XP) uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in C2C12 cells. In HFD-fed mice, XP improved glucose tolerance and decreased weight gain by increasing EE and locomotor activity. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we assessed the effects of treatment on metabolites and their corresponding biochemical pathways. We found that XP and XN reduced purine metabolites and other energy metabolites in the plasma of HFD-fed mice. The induction of locomotor activity was associated with an increase in inosine monophosphate in the cortex of XP-treated mice. Together, these results suggest that XP, better than XN, affects mitochondrial respiration and cellular energy metabolism to prevent obesity in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines L Paraiso
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Luce M Mattio
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Layhna S Plagmann
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Margaret A Redick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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15
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Torrens-Mas M, Alorda-Clara M, Martínez-Vigara M, Roca P, Sastre-Serra J, Oliver J, Pons DG. Xanthohumol reduces inflammation and cell metabolism in HT29 primary colon cancer cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:471-479. [PMID: 34879764 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.2012561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) is a prenylated flavonoid known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has been studied as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we aimed at analysing the effect of XN on a primary colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HT29, on cell viability, inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression, and metabolism. For this purpose, cells were treated with 10 nM and 10 µM XN, and cell viability, H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation and gene expression of inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial-related genes, as well as protein levels of metabolic enzymes, were determined. Results showed no significant effects on cell viability and a general decrease in pro-inflammatory, antioxidant and mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression with the lower concentration of XN. Furthermore, glucose and oxidative metabolism enzymes were also reduced. These results suggest that XN treatment, at low doses, could stop the proliferation and progression of HT29 cells by downregulating inflammatory signals and cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Martínez-Vigara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS) Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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16
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Xanthohumol Induces ROS through NADPH Oxidase, Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9877170. [PMID: 34804373 PMCID: PMC8598356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9877170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are either toxic in excess or essential for redox signalling at the physiological level, which is closely related to the site of generation. Xanthohumol (XN) is an important natural product of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and was reported to induce ROS in mitochondria. While in the present study, our data indicate that NADPH oxidase (NOX) is another site. In human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells, we first identified that cell proliferation was inhibited by XN without affecting viability, and this could be alleviated by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC); cell cycles were blocked at G1 phase, apoptosis was induced in a dose-dependent manner, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was upregulated. XN-induced ROS generation was detected by flow cytometry, which can be inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, a NOX inhibitor), while not by NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). The involvement of NOX in XN-induced ROS generation was further evaluated: immunofluorescence assay indicated subunits assembled in the membrane, and gp91phox knockdown with siRNA decreased XN-induced ROS. Human red blood cells (with NOX, without mitochondria) were further selected as a cell model, and the XN-induced ROS and DPI inhibiting effects were found again. In conclusion, our results indicate that XN exhibits antiproliferation effects through ROS-related mechanisms, and NOX is a source of XN-induced ROS. As NOX-sourced ROS are critical for phagocytosis, our findings may contribute to the anti-infection and anti-inflammatory effect of XN.
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17
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Girisa S, Saikia Q, Bordoloi D, Banik K, Monisha J, Daimary UD, Verma E, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Xanthohumol from Hop: Hope for cancer prevention and treatment. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1016-1044. [PMID: 34170599 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern due to high mortality and poor quality of life of patients. Despite the availability of advanced therapeutic interventions, most treatment modalities are not efficacious, very expensive, and cause several adverse side effects. The factors such as drug resistance, lack of specificity, and low efficacy of the cancer drugs necessitate developing alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone present in Hop (Humulus lupulus), has been found to possess prominent activities against aging, diabetes, inflammation, microbial infection, and cancer. Thus, this manuscript thoroughly reviews the literature on the anti-cancer properties of XN and its various molecular targets. XN was found to exert its inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of cancer cells via modulation of multiple signaling pathways such as Akt, AMPK, ERK, IGFBP2, NF-κB, and STAT3, and also modulates various proteins such as Notch1, caspases, MMPs, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, oxidative stress markers, tumor-suppressor proteins, and miRNAs. Thus, these reports suggest that XN possesses enormous therapeutic potential against various cancers and could be potentially used as a multi-targeted anti-cancer agent with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Queen Saikia
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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18
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Tuli HS, Aggarwal V, Parashar G, Aggarwal D, Parashar NC, Tuorkey MJ, Varol M, Sak K, Kumar M, Buttar HS. Xanthohumol: A Metabolite with Promising Anti-Neoplastic Potential. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:418-432. [PMID: 33622230 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210223095021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming globalburden of cancer has posed numerous challenges and opportunities for developing anti-cancer therapies. Phytochemicalshave emerged as promising synergistic compounds with potential anti-cancer effects to supplement chemo- and immune-therapeutic regimens. Anti cancer synergistic effects have been investigated in the interaction between phytocompounds derived from flavonoids such as quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, hesperidin, emodin etc., and conventional drugs. Xanthohumol is one of the prenylatedphytoflavonoid that has demonstrated key anti-cancer activities in in vitro (anti proliferation of cancer cell lines) and in vivo(animal models of xenograft tumours)studies, and has been explored from different dimensions for targeting cancer subtypes. In the last decade, xanthohumol has been investigated how it induces the anti-cancer effects at cellular and molecular level.The different signalling cascades and targets of xanthohumolare summarized in thisreview.Overall, this reviewsummarizes the current advances made in the field of natural compounds with special reference to xanthohumol and its promising anti-cancer effectsto inhibit tumour progression.The present review hasalso touched upon the potential of xanthohumol transitioning into a lead candidate from nano-therapy viewpoint along with the challenges which need to be addressed for extensive pre-clinical and clinical anti-cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala - 133 207, Haryana. India
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA. United States
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala - 133 207, Haryana. India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala - 133 207, Haryana. India
| | - Nidarshana C Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala - 133 207, Haryana. India
| | - Muobarak J Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour. Egypt
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, MuglaSitkiKocman University, Mugla TR48000. Turkey
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur. India
| | - Harpal S Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. Canada
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