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Chen Y, Zhang KX, Liu H, Zhu Y, Bu QY, Song SX, Li YC, Zou H, You XY, Zhao GP. Impact of ginsenoside Rb1 on gut microbiome and associated changes in pharmacokinetics in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21168. [PMID: 39256599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 exhibits a wide range of biological activities, and gut microbiota is considered the main metabolic site for Rb1. However, the impact of gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of Rb1 are still uncertain. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiome changes and the pharmacokinetics after a 30 d Rb1 intervention. Results reveal that the systemic exposure and metabolic clearance rate of Rb1 and Rd were substantially affected after orally supplementing Rb1 (60 mg/kg) to rats. Significant increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in gut microbiota and specific glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, such as GH2, GH92, and GH20 were observed based on microbiome and metagenomic analysis. Moreover, a robust association was identified between the pharmacokinetic parameters of Rb1 and the relative abundance of specific Bacteroides species, and glycoside hydrolase families. Our study demonstrates that Rb1 administration significantly affects the gut microbiome, revealing a complex relationship between B. cellulosilyticus, key GH families, and Rb1 pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Kang-Xi Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Qing-Yun Bu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xia Song
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Ya-Chun Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan You
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Yang J, Chen W, Lan K, Shi Y, Zhang X, Xing X. Network pharmacology and molecular docking reveal potential mechanisms of ginseng in the treatment of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction and asthenospermia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39384. [PMID: 39183406 PMCID: PMC11346898 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that predisposes to chronic damage and dysfunction of various organs, including leading to erectile dysfunction (ED) and asthenospermia. Literature suggests that ginseng plays an important role in the treatment and management of DM. Ginseng may have a therapeutic effect on the complications of DM-induced ED and asthenospermia. The study aimed to explore the mechanisms of ginseng in the treatment of DM-induced ED and asthenospermia following the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of "treating different diseases with the same treatment." This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking to examine the potential targets and pharmacological mechanism of Ginseng for the treatment of DM-induced ED and asthenospermia. The chemical ingredients and targets of ginseng were acquired using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform. The targets of DM, ED, and asthenospermia were extracted with the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases. A protein-protein interaction network analysis was constructed. The Metascape platform was applied for analyzing the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking. Network pharmacology revealed that the main active components of the target of action were kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, ginsenoside rh2, stigmasterol, and fumarine. Core targets of the protein-protein interaction network included TNF, IL-1β, AKT1, PTGS2, BCL2, and JUN. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that they were mainly involved in AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, Lipid and atherosclerosis. The interactions of core active components and targets were analyzed by molecular docking. Ginseng may play a comprehensive therapeutic role in the treatment of DM-induced ED and asthenospermia through "multicomponent, multi-target, and multi-pathway" biological mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Department of Andrology, Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xi’an, P. R. China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Jiashu Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kaijian Lan
- Department of Urology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Shi
- Department of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Clinical Center of Gansu Province for Nephron-Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, P. R. China
| | - Xiping Xing
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Wu Y, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Cai K, Chen S, Zhang Z, Geng D, Zhang N, Feng H, Tang M, Li Z, Sun G, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. The role of serine/threonine protein kinases in cardiovascular disease and potential therapeutic methods. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117093. [PMID: 38971012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important link in a variety of signaling pathways, and most of the important life processes in cells involve protein phosphorylation. Based on the amino acid residues of phosphorylated proteins, protein kinases can be categorized into the following families: serine/threonine protein kinases, tyrosine-specific protein kinases, histidine-specific protein kinases, tryptophan kinases, and aspartate/glutamyl protein kinases. Of all the protein kinases, most are serine/threonine kinases, where serine/threonine protein kinases are protein kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues on target proteins using ATP as a phosphate donor. The current socially accepted classification of serine/threonine kinases is to divide them into seven major groups: protein kinase A, G, C (AGC), CMGC, Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK), Casein kinase (CK1), STE, Tyrosine kinase (TKL) and others. After decades of research, a preliminary understanding of the specific classification and respective functions of serine/threonine kinases has entered a new period of exploration. In this paper, we review the literature of the previous years and introduce the specific signaling pathways and related therapeutic modalities played by each of the small protein kinases in the serine/threonine protein kinase family, respectively, in some common cardiovascular system diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. To a certain extent, the current research results, including molecular mechanisms and therapeutic methods, are fully summarized and a systematic report is made for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Tang
- Department of clinical pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Long Z, Luo Y, Yu M, Wang X, Zeng L, Yang K. Targeting ferroptosis: a new therapeutic opportunity for kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1435139. [PMID: 39021564 PMCID: PMC11251909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) that depends on iron and is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides to lethal levels. Ferroptosis involves multiple pathways including redox balance, iron regulation, mitochondrial function, and amino acid, lipid, and glycometabolism. Furthermore, various disease-related signaling pathways also play a role in regulating the process of iron oxidation. In recent years, with the emergence of the concept of ferroptosis and the in-depth study of its mechanisms, ferroptosis is closely associated with various biological conditions related to kidney diseases, including kidney organ development, aging, immunity, and cancer. This article reviews the development of the concept of ferroptosis, the mechanisms of ferroptosis (including GSH-GPX4, FSP1-CoQ1, DHODH-CoQ10, GCH1-BH4, and MBOAT1/2 pathways), and the latest research progress on its involvement in kidney diseases. It summarizes research on ferroptosis in kidney diseases within the frameworks of metabolism, reactive oxygen biology, and iron biology. The article introduces key regulatory factors and mechanisms of ferroptosis in kidney diseases, as well as important concepts and major open questions in ferroptosis and related natural compounds. It is hoped that in future research, further breakthroughs can be made in understanding the regulation mechanism of ferroptosis and utilizing ferroptosis to promote treatments for kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury(AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy(DN), and renal cell carcinoma. This paves the way for a new approach to research, prevent, and treat clinical kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Long
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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5
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Xu HH, Hao SX, Sun HY, Dong XX, Lin Y, Lou H, Zhao LM, Tang PP, Dou ZJ, Han JJ, Du MH, Chen ZX, Kopylov P, Shchekochikhin D, Liu X, Zhang Y. THBru attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting RAGE-dependent inflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01307-7. [PMID: 38862818 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by heart failure and cardiac remodeling. Previous studies show that tetrahydroberberrubine (THBru) retrogrades cardiac aging by promoting PHB2-mediated mitochondrial autophagy and prevents peritoneal adhesion by suppressing inflammation. In this study we investigated whether THBru exerted protective effect against DCM in db/db mice and potential mechanisms. Eight-week-old male db/db mice were administered THBru (25, 50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 12 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. We showed that THBru administration significantly improved both cardiac systolic and diastolic function, as well as attenuated cardiac remodeling in db/db mice. In primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs), THBru (20, 40 μM) dose-dependently ameliorated high glucose (HG)-induced cell damage, hypertrophy, inflammatory cytokines release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using Autodock, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and DARTS analyses, we revealed that THBru bound to the domain of the receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), subsequently leading to inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Importantly, overexpression of RAGE in NMCMs reversed HG-induced inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and subsequently counteracted the beneficial effects mediated by THBru. We conclude that THBru acts as an inhibitor of RAGE, leading to inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. This action effectively alleviates the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, ultimately leading to ameliorated DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Sheng-Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - He-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xin-Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Han Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Li-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Ping-Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zi-Jia Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jing-Jing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, 274400, China
| | - Meng-Han Du
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhou-Xiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Philipp Kopylov
- Department of Preventive and Emergency Cardiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Shchekochikhin
- Department of Preventive and Emergency Cardiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China.
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
- State Key Laboratory -Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin, 150000, China.
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone (2019RU070), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Wang AQ, Wang YJ, Zhang J, Fan YM, Li SY, Zou LW. Comparative study on inhibitory effects of ginsenosides on human pancreatic lipase and porcine pancreatic lipase: structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanism. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2031-2039. [PMID: 37471672 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2235713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of twenty-six ginsenosides on human pancreatic lipase (hPL) and porcine pancreatic lipase (pPL) were studied. Study reveals that nine ginsenosides have moderate inhibitory effects against hPL, and good selectivity over pPL. By contrast, (S)-Rh2 showed good inhibitory effects on pPL over hPL. SAR analysis indicated that introduction of the O-glycosyl group(s) at C-3/C-7 site is unbeneficial for hPL inhibition, ginsenosides with A-skeleton is more beneficial than ginsenosides with B-/C-skeleton. Inhibition kinetic analysis indicated that Rg3 and (S)-Rh2 inhibited hPL-catalyzed DDAO-ol hydrolysis in a mixed manner. Molecular docking studies have confirmed that Rg3 and (S)-Rh2 inhibit hPL via many Pi-hydrogen interactions and hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues of hPL. These results indicated that pPL as an enzyme source could not fully represent the inhibitory effect of the tested compounds on hPL, and hPL should be used as far as possible to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Analytical Central Laboratory, Dalian Harmony Health Medical Laboratory Co.Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Shi-Yang Li
- Analytical Central Laboratory, Dalian Harmony Health Medical Laboratory Co.Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Balasubramaniam M, Sapuan S, Hashim IF, Ismail NI, Yaakop AS, Kamaruzaman NA, Ahmad Mokhtar AM. The properties and mechanism of action of plant immunomodulators in regulation of immune response - A narrative review focusing on Curcuma longa L. , Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Moringa oleifera Lam. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28261. [PMID: 38586374 PMCID: PMC10998053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal treatments have been utilized for millennia to cure a variety of ailments. There are over 20, 000 herbal remedies available to treat cancer and other disease in humans. In Ayurveda, traditional plants having revitalizing and nourishing characteristics are known as "Rasayanas." They have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-microbicidal, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. Immunomodulation is a mechanism through which the body stimulates, suppresses, or boosts the immune system to maintain homeostasis. Plant-derived immunomodulators are typically phytocompounds, including carbohydrates, phenolics, lipids, alkaloids, terpenoids, organosulfur, and nitrogen-containing chemicals. Immunomodulation activity of phytocompounds from traditional plants is primarily mediated through macrophage activation, phagocytosis stimulation, peritoneal macrophage stimulation, lymphoid cell stimulation, and suppression or enhancement of specific and non-specific cellular immune systems via numerous signalling pathways. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanism of immunomodulation of most traditional plants has not yet been fully elucidated, justifying the need for further experimentation. Therefore, this review describes the immunomodulatory agents from traditional plants such as Curcuma longa L., Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, and Moringa oleifera Lam, further highlighting the common molecular targets and immunomodulatory mechanism involved in eradicating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muggunna Balasubramaniam
- Small G protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Sapuan
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ilie Fadzilah Hashim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izza Ismail
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amira Suriaty Yaakop
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- Small G protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer Coating and Packaging Centre, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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Zhao F, Zhang K, Chen H, Zhang T, Zhao J, Lv Q, Yu Q, Ruan M, Cui R, Li B. Therapeutic potential and possible mechanisms of ginseng for depression associated with COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:229-247. [PMID: 38012459 PMCID: PMC10907431 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a global outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly spread to various national regions. As the number of COVID-19 patients has increased, some of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 have developed a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including depression, cognitive impairment, and fatigue. A distinct storm of inflammatory factors that contribute to the initial disease but also a persistent post-acute phase syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19. Neuropsychological symptoms including depression, cognitive impairment, and fatigue are closely related to circulating and local (brain) inflammatory factors. Natural products are currently being examined for their ability to treat numerous complications caused by COVID-19. Among them, ginseng has anti-inflammatory, immune system stimulating, neuroendocrine modulating, and other effects, which may help improve psychiatric symptoms. This review summarizes the basic mechanisms of COVID-19 pneumonia, psychiatric symptoms following coronavirus infections, effects of ginseng on depression, restlessness, and other psychiatric symptoms associated with post-COVID syn-dromes, as well as possible mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Li L, Xie J, Zhang Z, Xia B, Li Y, Lin Y, Li M, Wu P, Lin L. Recent advances in medicinal and edible homologous plant polysaccharides: Preparation, structure and prevention and treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128873. [PMID: 38141704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and edible homologs (MEHs) can be used in medicine and food. The National Health Commission announced that a total of 103 kinds of medicinal and edible homologous plants (MEHPs) would be available by were available in 2023. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the third most common chronic metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health worldwide. Polysaccharides, the main component isolated from MEHPs, have significant antidiabetic effects with few side effects. Based on a literature search, this paper summarizes the preparation methods, structural characterization, and antidiabetic functions and mechanisms of MEHPs polysaccharides (MEHPPs). Specifically, MEHPPs mainly regulate PI3K/Akt, AMPK, cAMP/PKA, Nrf2/Keap1, NF-κB, MAPK and other signaling pathways to promote insulin secretion and release, improve glycolipid metabolism, inhibit the inflammatory response, decrease oxidative stress and regulate intestinal flora. Among them, 16 kinds of MEHPPs were found to have obvious anti-diabetic effects. This article reviews the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications by MEHPPs and provides a basis for the development of safe and effective MEHPP-derived health products and new drugs to prevent and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingchen Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Limei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China.
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Dai X, Liu Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Wang S, Xu T, Yin J, Shi H, Ye Z, Zhu R, Gao J, Dong G, Zhao D, Gao S, Wang X, Prentki M, Brὂmme D, Wang L, Zhang D. SiJunZi decoction ameliorates bone quality and redox homeostasis and regulates advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117167. [PMID: 37716489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE SiJunZi decoction (SJZD), one of the traditional Chinese medicine formulas, has been clinically and traditionally used to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and promote bone remodeling. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the actions and mechanisms of SJZD on bone remodeling in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic mice generated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were subjected to SJZD treatment for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and lipid profile, redox status and bone metabolism were determined by ELISA or biochemical assays. Bone quality was evaluated by micro-CT, three-point bending assay and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Bone histomorphometry alterations were evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and Safranin O-fast green staining. The expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (p-NF-κB), NF-κB, cathepsin K, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), p-GSK-3β, (p)-β-catenin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Cyclin D1 in the femurs and/or tibias were examined by Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The main constituents in the SJZD aqueous extract were characterized by a HPLC/MS. RESULTS SJZD intervention improved glucose and lipid metabolism and preserved bone quality in the diabetic mice, in particular glucose tolerance, lipid profile, bone microarchitecture, strength and material composition. SJZD administration to diabetic mice preserved redox homeostasis in serum and bone marrow, and prevented an increase in AGEs, RAGE, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, cathepsin K, p-GSK-3β, p-β-catenin expressions and a decrease in Sema3A, IGF1, β-catenin, Runx2 and Cyclin D1 expressions in tibias and/or femurs. Thirteen compounds were identified in SJZD aqueous extract, including astilbin, liquiritin apioside, ononin, ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Ro, Rb3, Rd, notoginsenoside R2, glycyrrhizic acid, and licoricesaponin B2. CONCLUSIONS SJZD ameliorates bone quality in diabetic mice possibly via maintaining redox homeostasis. The mechanism governing these alterations are possibly related to effects on the AGEs/RAGE and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. SJZD may offer a novel source of drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hanfen Shi
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zimengwei Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Junfeng Gao
- The Scientific Research Center, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Guangtong Dong
- Department of Chinese Medicine Formulas, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- The Scientific Research Center, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Dieter Brὂmme
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Bailly C. Efficacy and safety of the traditional herbal medication Chai-Ling-Tang (in China), Siryung-tang (in Republic of Korea) or Sairei-To (in Japan). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117127. [PMID: 37683930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal medicine designated Chai-Ling-Tang in China, Siryung-tang in South Korea, and Sairei-To (or Tsumura Saireito extract granules, TJ-114) in Japan is a complex polyherbal formulations with 12 plant components. It is used historically to treat Shaoyang syndrome, recorded in an ancient Chinese medical text "Treatise on Cold Damage Disorder" (Shanghan Lun). Chai-Ling-Tang formula combines two traditional Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions: Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang and Wu-Ling-San (known as Sho-Saiko-To and Goreisan in Japan, and So Shi Ho Tang and Oreonsang in Korea, respectively). These traditional Chinese/Korean medicines and Kampo medicine have been used for more than 2000 years in East Asia, notably as regulators of body fluid homeostasis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to evaluate clinical uses, pharmacological effects and unwanted effects of Sairei-To through a narrative literature survey. The main active phytoconstituents and their mechanism of actions are also collated based on the literature. METHODS Several databases including SciFinder and PubMed were searched in sourcing information using keywords corresponding to the medicinal treatment names and the corresponding plants and phytochemicals. Relevant textbooks, reviews, and digital documents (mostly in English) were consulted to collate all available scientific literature and to provide a complete science-based survey of the topic. RESULTS Sairei-To derives from ten plants and two fungi. The three major components are Bupleuri radix (Saiko), Pinelliae rhizoma (Hange), and Alismatis rhizoma (Takusha). The rest includes the species Scutellariae radix, Zizyphi fructus, Ginseng radix, Glycyrrhizae radix, Zingiberis rhizoma, Cinnamomi cortex, Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma, Poria sclerotium, and Polyporus sclerotium. The therapeutic uses of Sairei-To are very diversified, ranging from the treatment of autoimmune diseases, intestinal inflammatory disorders, edema, intestinal and kidney diseases, cancers, inflammatory skin pathologies, and other conditions such as reproductive failure. Sairei-To is considered as a safe and efficient medication, with potential rare unwanted side effects, notably lung injuries (pneumonitis essentially). Marked anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects of Sairei-To have been reported, generally associated to the action of saponins (saikosaponins, glycyrrhizin), terpenoids (alisols) and flavonoids (baicalin, oroxylin A). CONCLUSION Sairei-To is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases and appears efficient to decrease the side effects of corticosteroids. Its immune-regulatory action is well recognized and exploited to treat certain skin lesions and chemotherapy-related toxic effects. The activity of the Sairei-To product relies on the synergistic action of its individual ingredients. Further studies are warranted to quantify the synergy of action inherent to this interesting botanical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Consulting Scientific Office, Lille, Wasquehal, 59290, France; University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59000, Lille, France; University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000, Lille, France.
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Hu L, Ran J, Wang L, Wu M, Wang Z, Xiao H, Du K, Wang Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates D-galactose-induced neural stem cell senescence via the Sirt1-Nrf2-BDNF pathway. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4084-4101. [PMID: 37753701 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
With the ageing of society's population, neurodegenerative diseases have become an important factor affecting the quality of life and mortality in the elderly. Since its physiopathological processes are complex and the authorized medications have recently been shown to have several adverse effects, the development of safe and efficient medications is urgently needed. In this study, we looked at how ginsenoside Rg1 works to postpone neural stem cell ageing and brain ageing, giving it a solid scientific foundation for use as a therapeutic therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengna Wu
- Neuroscience Research Center, College of basic medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanxianzhi Xiao
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunhang Du
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cao X, Yao F, Zhang B, Sun X. Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart diseases: Potential therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218803. [PMID: 37547332 PMCID: PMC10399631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate, and seriously affect people's quality of life. Mitochondria provide energy for the heart to function properly. The process of various heart diseases is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), as a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat various cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have confirmed that P. ginseng and ginsenosides can regulate and improve mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the role of mitochondria in various heart diseases and the protective effect of P. ginseng on heart diseases by regulating mitochondrial function were reviewed in this paper, aiming to gain new understanding of the mechanisms, and promote the clinical application of P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Colletti A, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Fogacci F, Scapagnini G, Cicero AFG. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:89-107. [PMID: 37416796 PMCID: PMC10321448 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals can promote optimal immune system activation, modulating different pathways that enhance immune defenses. Therefore, the immunity-boosting effects of nutraceuticals encompass not only immunomodulatory but also antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, with therapeutic effects against diverse pathological conditions. However, the complexity of the pathways that regulate the immune system, numerous mechanisms of action, and heterogeneity of the immunodeficiencies, and subjects treated make their application in the clinical field difficult. Some nutraceuticals appear to safely improve immune system function, particularly by preventing viral and bacterial infections in specific groups, such as children, the elderly, and athletes, as well as in frail patients, such as those affected by autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, or cancer. Several nutraceuticals, such as vitamins, mineral salts, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, many types of phytocompounds, and probiotic strains, have the most consolidated evidence in humans. In most cases, further large and long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the available preliminary positive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
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15
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Zhang D, Zhu X, Zhong A. Editorial: Pharmacological mechanisms of drugs affecting bone formation and bone resorption. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170340. [PMID: 37441526 PMCID: PMC10334817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Alex Zhong
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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16
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Li N, Duan YH, Chen L, Zhang K. Iron metabolism: An emerging therapeutic target underlying the anti-Alzheimer's disease effect of ginseng. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127252. [PMID: 37418790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Finding neuroprotective drugs with fewer side effects and more efficacy has become a major problem as the global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rises. Natural drugs have risen to prominence as potential medication candidates. Ginseng has a long history of use in China, and it has a wide range of pharmacological actions that can help with neurological issues. Iron loaded in the brain has been linked to AD pathogenesis. We reviewed the regulation of iron metabolism and its studies in AD and explored how ginseng might regulate iron metabolism and prevent or treat AD. Researchers utilized network pharmacology analysis to identify key factive components of ginseng that protect against AD by regulating ferroptosis. Ginseng and its active ingredients may benefit AD by regulating iron metabolism and targeting ferroptosis genes to inhibit the ferroptosis process. The results present new ideas for ginseng pharmacological studies and initiatives for further research into AD-related drugs. To provide comprehensive information on the neuroprotective use of ginseng to modulate iron metabolism, reveal its potential to treat AD, and provide insights for future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Han Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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17
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Zhang J, He J, Huang J, Li X, Fan X, Li W, Wu G, Xie C, Fan XX, Zhang J, Yao X, Wang R, Leung ELH. Pharmacokinetics, absorption and transport mechanism for ginseng polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114610. [PMID: 36989718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginseng polysaccharide (GP) is one of the most abundant components in Panax ginseng. However, the absorption pathways and mechanisms of GPs have not been investigated systematically due to the challenges of their detection. METHODS The fluorescein isothiocyanate derivative (FITC) was employed to label GP and ginseng acidic polysaccharide (GAP) to obtain target samples. HPLC-MS/MS assay was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of GP and GAP in rats. The Caco-2 cell model was used to investigate the uptake and transport mechanisms of GP and GAP in rats. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the absorption of GAP was more than that of GP in rats after gavage administration, while there was no significant difference between both after intravenous administration. In addition, we found that GAP and GP were more distributed in the kidney, liver and genitalia, suggesting that GAP and GP are highly targeted to the liver, kidney and genitalia. Importantly, we explored the uptake mechanism of GAP and GP. GAP and GP are endocytosed into the cell via lattice proteins or niche proteins. Both are transported lysosomally mediated to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then enter the nucleus through the ER, thus completing the process of intracellular uptake and transportation. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that the uptake of GPs by small intestinal epithelial cells is primarily mediated via lattice proteins and the cytosolic cellar. The discovery of important pharmacokinetic properties and the uncovering of the absorption mechanism provide a research rationale for the research of GP formulation and clinical promotion.
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18
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Huang L, Li HJ, Wu YC. Processing technologies, phytochemistry, bioactivities and applications of black ginseng-a novel manufactured ginseng product: A comprehensive review. Food Chem 2023; 407:134714. [PMID: 36495746 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Black ginseng is a novel manufactured ginseng product, and the application of black ginseng products in market is increasing in recent years. Black ginseng is prepared by steaming and fermentation, but not as mature as processing red ginseng. Therefore, complete proposals for preparation techniques are firstly presented. Additionally, there are also abundant chemical components in black ginseng, including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, amino acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, etc. Among them, ginsenosides, polysaccharides and phenolic compounds are the main ingredients, making health benefits of black ginseng stronger than other ginseng products. Therefore, black ginseng as a functional food has come to the market in various forms, such as candies, tea, porridge, soup, etc. The improvement in nutrition, flavor, and safety has exhibited a broad prospect for black ginseng products in food industry. Accordingly, preparation technologies, phytochemistry, health benefits and application of black ginseng are comprehensively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, PR China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Jinyiyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wendeng District, Weihai 264400, PR China.
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19
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He J, Fang J, Wang Y, Ge C, Liu S, Jiang Y. Discovery of Small-Molecule Antagonists of Orexin 1/2 Receptors from Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants with a Hypnotic Effect. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040542. [PMID: 37111298 PMCID: PMC10146837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is an important public health problem. The currently available treatments for insomnia can cause some adverse effects. Orexin receptors 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) are burgeoning targets for insomnia treatment. It is an effective approach to screening OX1R and OX2R antagonists from traditional Chinese medicine, which contains abundant and diverse chemical components. This study established an in-home ligand library of small-molecule compounds from medicinal plants with a definite hypnotic effect, as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Molecular docking was applied to virtually screen potential orexin receptor antagonists using molecular operating environment software, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was used to detect the binding affinity between potential active compounds and orexin receptors. Finally, the results of virtual screening and SPR analysis were verified through in vitro assays. We successfully screened one potential lead compound (neferine) as an orexin receptor antagonist from the in-home ligand library, which contained more than 1000 compounds. The screened compound was validated as a potential agent for insomnia treatment through comprehensive biological assays. This research enabled the discovery of a potential small-molecule antagonist of orexin receptors for the treatment of insomnia, providing a novel screening approach for the detection of potential candidate compounds for corresponding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Chengyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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20
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Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050925. [PMID: 36900446 PMCID: PMC10000917 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs can control chronic oxidative states caused by dietary stress, i.e., alcohol, high-fat, or high-glycemic diet, and adjust the redox balance to recover physiological conditions. Unique functions of BCs to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can resolve the redox imbalance due to the excessive generation of ROS. The ability of BCs to regulate the histone acetylation state contributes to the activation of transcription factors involved in immunity and metabolism against dietary stress. The protective properties of BCs are mainly ascribed to the roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a histone deacetylase (HDAC), SIRT1 modulates the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state by mediating ROS generation, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio, and activating NRF2 in metabolic progression. In this study, the unique functions of BCs against diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction have been considered by focusing on the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. This work may provide evidence for the development of effective therapeutic agents from BCs.
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21
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Han Y, Su Y, Han M, Liu Y, Shi Q, Li X, Wang P, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates glomerular fibrosis by inhibiting CD36/TRPC6/NFAT2 signaling in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115923. [PMID: 36375645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is one of the main active components in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), which has been widely used to delay senescence or improve health conditions for more than 2000 years. Increasing studies have revealed that Rg1 could regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, and might have protective effects on many chronic kidney diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most dangerous microvascular complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. However, the role and mechanism of Rg1 against high-glucose and high-fat-induced glomerular fibrosis in DN are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Rg1 on DN and its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice models were established with a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Urine protein and serum biochemical indexes were detected by corresponding kits. The kidney was stained with H&E, PAS, and Masson to observe the pathological morphology, glycogen deposition, and fibrosis. The expression of CD36 and p-PLC in the kidney cortex was detected by IHC. The expressions of FN and COL4 were detected by IF. Western blot and PCR were performed to examine protein and mRNA expressions of kidney fibrosis and TRPC6/NFAT2-related pathways in DN mice. Calcium imaging was used to examine the effect of Rg1 on [Ca2+]i in PA + HG-induced human mesangial cells (HMCs). Visualization of the interaction between Rg1 and CD36 was detected by molecular docking. RESULTS Rg1 treatment for 8 weeks could prominently decrease urinary protein, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen and downgrade blood lipid levels and renal lipid accumulation in T2DM mice. The pathological results indicated that Rg1 treatment attenuated renal pathological injury and glomerular fibrosis. The further results demonstrated that Rg1 treatment remarkably decreased the expressions of CD36, TRPC6, p-PLC, CN, NFAT2, TGF-β, p-Smad2/3, COL4, and FN in renal tissues from T2DM mice. Calcium imaging results found that Rg1 downgraded the base levels of [Ca2+]i and ΔRatioF340/F380 after BAPTA and CaCl2 treatment. Molecular docking results showed that Rg1 could interact with CD36 with a good affinity. CONCLUSION These results revealed that Rg1 could ameliorate renal lipid accumulation, pathological damage, and glomerular fibrosis in T2DM mice. The mechanism may be involved in reducing the overexpression of CD36 and inhibiting the TRPC6/NFAT2 signaling pathway in renal tissues of T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Qifeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Xuewang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Penghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China.
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22
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Chen J, Huang Q, Li J, Yao Y, Sun W, Zhang Z, Qi H, Chen Z, Liu J, Zhao D, Mi J, Li X. Panax ginseng against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: A review of preclinical evidence and potential mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115715. [PMID: 36108895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (P. ginseng) is effective in the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanism by which P. ginseng exerts cardioprotective effects is complex. P. ginseng contains many pharmacologically active ingredients, such as molecular glycosides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. P. ginseng and each of its active components can potentially act against myocardial I/R injury. Myocardial I/R was originally a treatment for myocardial ischemia, but it also induced irreversible damage, including oxygen-containing free radicals, calcium overload, energy metabolism disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, microvascular injury, autophagy, and apoptosis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to clarify the protective effects of P. ginseng and its active ingredients against myocardial I/R injury, so as to provide experimental evidence and new insights for the research and application of P. ginseng in the field of myocardial I/R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was based on a search of PubMed, NCBI, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their inception to February 21, 2022, using terms such as "ginseng," "ginsenosides," and "myocardial reperfusion injury." In this review, we first summarized the active ingredients of P. ginseng, including ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, and phytosterols, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial I/R injury. Importantly, preclinical models with myocardial I/R injury and potential mechanisms of these active ingredients of P. ginseng for the prevention and treatment of myocardial disorders were generally summarized. RESULTS P. ginseng and its active components can regulate oxidative stress related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis factors, while protecting the myocardium and preventing myocardial I/R injury. Therefore, P. ginseng can play a role in the prevention and treatment of myocardial I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS P. ginseng has a certain curative effect on myocardial I/R injury. It can prevent and treat myocardial I/R injury in several ways. When ginseng exerts its effects, should be based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and with the help of modern medicine; the clinical efficacy of P. ginseng in preventing and treating myocardial I/R injury can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Weichen Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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23
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Liu D, Hu Y, Wang D, Han H, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhou Z, Ma X, Dong Y. Herbal medicines in the treatment of tinnitus: An updated review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1037528. [PMID: 36686691 PMCID: PMC9847569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is perception of sound in the absence of an apparent external acoustic stimulus. The condition is prevalent in adults, especially the elderly (≥65 years), and may be associated with cognitive function decline and significantly impacts on the quality of life, heralding difficulties in managing this challenging disorder. Interventions for tinnitus have been varied. However, drugs have not yet been approved for the treatment of tinnitus and there is no pharmacotherapy recommended by existing guidelines. Still, herbal medicines are used for the treatment of tinnitus in many countries, especially Gingko (G.) biloba. In the current updated literature review, we evaluated the efficacy of herbal medicines in the treatment of tinnitus by reviewing the evidence of relevant randomized controlled trials. The authors also highlight some of the issues in clinical trials of herbal medicines given that currently available evidence on herbal medicines for tinnitus is overall of insufficient quality and the conclusions from existing trials are conflicting. Nevertheless, there is a clear and urgent need for safe and effective pharmacotherapy of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiulan Ma
- *Correspondence: Yaodong Dong, ; Xiulan Ma,
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24
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Li W, Wu X, Wu M, Yin J, Ding H, Wu T, Bie S, Li F, He Y, Han L, Yang W, Song X, Yu H, Li Z. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry profiling and unveiling the transformation of ginsenosides by the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steaming. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9363. [PMID: 35902380 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many methods have been reported for the production of rare ginsenosides, including heat treatment, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial transformation. However, the conversion of original ginsenosides to rare ginsenosides under the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steam sterilization has rarely been reported. METHODS In this study, a method involving ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed for analysis of chemical transformation of protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside Rb1 , and total ginsenosides in the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steam sterilization. An internal ginsenoside database containing 126 known ginsenosides and 18 ginsenoside reference compounds was established to identify the transformation products and explore possible transformation pathways and mechanisms. RESULTS A total of 54 ginsenosides have been preliminarily identified in the transformation products of PPD-type ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, PPD-type ginsenoside Rb1 , and total ginsenosides, and the possible transformation pathways were as follows: Rg1 , Re → 20(S)-Rh12 , 20(R)-Rh12 ; Rg1 , Re → 20(S)-Rh1 , 20(R)-Rh1 → Rk3 , Rh4 , Rh5 ; Rb1 → gypenoside LXXV; Rb1 → 20(S)-Rg3 , 20(R)-Rg3 → Rk1 , Rg5 ; Re → 20(S)-Rg2 , 20(R)-Rg2 → 20(S)-Rf2 , 20(R)-Rf2 , Rg4 , F4 . CONCLUSIONS The results elucidated the possible transformation pathways and mechanisms of ginsenosides in the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steam sterilization, which were helpful for revealing the mechanisms of ginsenosides and enhanced safety and quality control of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Meanwhile, a simple, efficient, and practical method was developed for the production of rare ginsenosides, which has the potential to produce diverse rare ginsenosides on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Xinlong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Songtao Bie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhi He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
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25
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Hong L, Lin Y, Yang X, Wu T, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Yu J, Zhao H, Yi G, Fu M. A Narrative Review of STAT Proteins in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Prospects. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:2005-2026. [PMID: 36208390 PMCID: PMC9547576 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, is one of the high-incidence chronic complications of diabetes. However, the current treatment for DR is mainly based on advanced pathological changes, which cannot reverse pre-existing retinal tissue damage and visual impairment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are essential in DR through early and late stages. They participate in the early stage of DR through multiple mechanisms and have a strong proangiogenic effect in the late stage. Inhibiting STAT proteins activity has also achieved a significant effect in reversing the pathological changes of DR. Thus, STAT proteins are expected to be an effective therapeutic target in the early stage of DR and can make up for inadequate late treatment. This review introduces the structure, signal transduction mode, and biological functions of STAT proteins in detail and focuses on their role in the mechanism of DR. We also summarize the current research on STAT-related biological agents in DR, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Hong
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqi Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongyi Yang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- The First Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohang Xie
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Yu
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Second Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejia Zhao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26, Erheng Road, Yuancun, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Ai X, Yu P, Luo L, Sun J, Tao H, Wang X, Meng X. Berberis dictyophylla F. inhibits angiogenesis and apoptosis of diabetic retinopathy via suppressing HIF-1α/VEGF/DLL-4/Notch-1 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115453. [PMID: 35697191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiao Bopi (XBP, སྐྱེར་བའི་བར་ཤུན།), as a classical Tibetan medicinal plant in China, which derived from the stem bark of Berberis dictyophylla F., has the function of "clearing heat and decreasing mKhris-pa". And it traditionally is utilized to treat the diabetes mellitus and its complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study aimed to explore the microvascular protection of water extract of XBP against the spontaneous retinal damage of db/db mice. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanisms of XBP on angiogenesis and apoptosis were further interpreted. MATERIALS AND METHODS We firstly used high-performance liquid chromatography to detected the representative chemical ingredients in the water extract of XBP. The DR model of db/db mice was then randomly divided into five groups: model group, calcium dobesilate (0.23 g/kg) group, and the water extract of XBP (0.375, 0.75 and 1.5 g/kg, respectively) groups. After 8 weeks of continuous administration, the parameters including body weight, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were measured. The pathological changes and abnormal angiogenesis of the retina were detected by optical coherence tomography, HE, periodic acid-Schiff staining and transmission electron microscopy. Simultaneously, molecular docking was used to predict the potential connections between representative ingredients in XBP and angiogenesis/apoptosis-related proteins. The level of angiogenesis-related proteins and gene hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth (VEGF), delta-like ligand 4 (DLL-4) and Notch-1 were estimated by immunofluorescence analyses and real time-PCR. Further, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to investigate the apoptotic phenomenon and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Apaf-1, Cyto-c and cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in the retina. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed that magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and berberine were principally representative ingredients in XBP. The results demonstrated that XBP effectively increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, whereas no effect on body weight of DR mice. Moreover, retinal thickening, pathological and retinal ultrastructure changes in DR mice were evidently ameliorated by XBP. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the main components of XBP and the protein of angiogenesis and apoptosis had a potential bind. XBP restrained the gene and protein levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, DLL-4 and Notch-1 in retina. Additionally, the TUNEL-positive cell rate and the down-regulated proteins of Bax, Apaf-1, Cyto-c, cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase 9 and increased Bcl-2 level were revised by XBP. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, the results suggested that XBP against DR could attribute to alleviating angiogenesis and apoptosis by suppressing the HIF-1α/VEGF/DLL-4/Notch-1 pathway. This evidence sheds a new light on the potential mechanisms of XBP in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Peiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Liuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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27
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Health benefits of functional plant polysaccharides in metabolic syndrome: An overview. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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28
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Li H, Jiang H, Xu L, Deng Y, Xu J, Zhao Y. Effects of Different Extraction Methods in Pharmacopoeia on the Content and Structure Transformation of Ginsenosides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144347. [PMID: 35889220 PMCID: PMC9351678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), a perennial herb, possesses immunostimulatory, anticarcinogenic, antiemetic, and antioxidative biological activities. In recent years, more and more people have paid attention to the extraction methods and quality evaluation of ginseng. China, the United States, Europe, Japan, and Korea have all had the quality standards and content determination methods of ginseng. The different treatment methods are adopted before the determination of ginseng samples and the content limits of the index components, such as ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Re exist differences. The similarities and differences of ginseng content detection methods in pharmacopoeias of different countries have been analyzed by a research group, but the comparison of the effects of different methods on the ginsenoside content and structural transformation has not been reported. In this paper, ginsenosides in ginseng were extracted according to four national pharmacopoeias and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and HPLC-UV. It was illustrated that the pretreatment method has a significant influence on the content determination of ginseng. The yield of rare saponins was increased by heating concluded from both the qualitative and quantitative comparison. Finally, a simple and feasible extraction method was optimized by response surface method at room temperature. The analysis of the preparation method and process optimization of the four pharmacopoeias can provide important reference information for the revision of ginseng standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.L.); (H.J.); (L.X.); (Y.D.)
| | - Hua Jiang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.L.); (H.J.); (L.X.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.L.); (H.J.); (L.X.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yaling Deng
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.L.); (H.J.); (L.X.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.L.); (H.J.); (L.X.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-24-43520309 (Y.Z.); Fax: +86-24-435230300 (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.L.); (H.J.); (L.X.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-24-43520309 (Y.Z.); Fax: +86-24-435230300 (Y.Z.)
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29
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Hou Y, Zou L, Li Q, Chen M, Ruan H, Sun Z, Xu X, Yang J, Ma G. Supramolecular assemblies based on natural small molecules: Union would be effective. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100327. [PMID: 35757027 PMCID: PMC9214787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been used to prevent and treat human diseases for thousands of years, especially the extensive natural small molecules (NSMs) such as terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. A quantity of studies are confined to concern about their chemical structures and pharmacological activities at the monomolecular level, whereas the spontaneous assemblies of them in liquids yielding supramolecular structures have not been clearly understood deeply. Compared to the macromolecules or synthetic small molecular compounds, NSMs have the inherent advantages of lower toxicity, better biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological activity. Self-assembly of single component and multicomponent co-assembly are unique techniques for designing supramolecular entities. Assemblies are of special significance due to their range of applications in the areas of drug delivery systems, pollutants capture, materials synthesis, etc. The assembled mechanism of supramolecular NSMs which are mainly driven by multiple non-covalent interactions are summarized. Furthermore, a new hypothesis aimed to interpret the integration effects of multi-components of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) inspired on the theory of supramolecular assembly is proposed. Generally, this review can enlighten us to achieve the qualitative leap for understanding natural products from monomolecule to supramolecular structures and multi-component interactions, which is valuable for the intensive research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linjun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haonan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaocui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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30
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Analysis of Key Chemical Components in Aqueous Extract Sediments of Panax Ginseng at Different Ages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081161. [PMID: 35454749 PMCID: PMC9025099 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng beverages have been some of the most popular plant drinks among consumers in recent years, but they become turbid and sediment are easily formed during production and marketing, these are some of the key issues that affect the quality of the beverages. In this study, we analysed the physicochemical properties of sediments in aqueous extracts of 3- to 6-year-old ginseng, and by tracing the sediment formation process from 0-40 days, we observed that the sediment was gradually beginning on day 10. The solid content of ginseng aged 5 and 6 years was significantly higher than that of ginseng aged 3 and 4 years. There was no significant difference in the sediment amount sediment in the extracts of ginseng of different ages. The light transmittance of the extracts after centrifugation was significantly higher than before centrifugation. Colour-difference analysis found that there was a significant positive correlation between ginseng age and colour-difference value (ΔE). Chemical composition analysis showed that total sugar and proteins were the main components of the sediment. In addition, ginsenosides, amino acids and minerals were also involved in sediment formation to different degrees. A stepwise regression model was established through principal component analysis (PCA), and the regression equation for predicting the sediment amount was obtained as follows: sediment amount (mg/mL) = 2.906 - 0.126 × CTotal saponins - 0.131 × CFree amino acids.
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31
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Hu J, Jiang J, Liu R, Cheng M, Zhu G, He S, Shi B, Zhao Y, He Z, Yu H, Zhang X, Zheng H, Hua B. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Medicine Preparations Combined With Chemotherapy for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828450. [PMID: 35280766 PMCID: PMC8904728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional medicine preparations (TMPs) combined with chemotherapy is widely used for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC); however, its efficacy and safety are still unclear. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of TMPs combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of APC. Methods A systematic search of eight electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted from inception to October 15, 2021. Tumor response was identified as primary outcome, whereas quality of life (QoL), cancer biomarkers, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were identified as secondary outcomes. Quality of the evidence for each outcome was evaluated by GRADE profiler. Results In total, 31 RCTs involving 1,989 individuals were included. This meta-analysis showed that TMPs combined with chemotherapy significantly improved the objective response rate (ORR) (RR=1.64, 95% CI [1.43 to 1.88], p <0.00001), disease control rate (DCR) (RR=1.29, 95% CI [1.21 to 1.38], p <0.00001), and QoL (continuous data: SMD=0.81, 95% CI [0.44 to 1.18], p <0.0001, dichotomous data: RR=1.44, 95% CI [1.22 to 1.70], p<0.0001), compared to those with chemotherapy alone. In addition, the combined treatment group also had lower levels of CA19-9 (SMD=-0.46, 95% CI [-0.90 to -0.02], p=0.04) and CEA (SMD=-0.55, 95% CI [-0.93 to -0.17], p=0.004). Moreover, TMPs reduced the ADRs during chemotherapy. Conclusion This systematic review suggests that TMPs combined with chemotherapy might be a potential option to enhance therapeutic effects and reduce ADRs during the treatment of APC. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials with more participants are needed. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=209825, identifier PROSPERO Number: CRD42021264938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juling Jiang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shulin He
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Shi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongning He
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huibo Yu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Tang K, Qin W, Wei R, Jiang Y, Fan L, Wang Z, Tan N. Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates high glucose-induced retinal endothelial injury through AMPK-STRT1 interdependence. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106123. [PMID: 35150861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) manifests as a complicated and blinding complication in diabetes mellitus. First-line treatments for advanced DR have shown ocular side-effects in some patients. Ginsenoside Rd (Rd), an active ingredient isolated from Panax notoginseng and P. ginseng, has demonstrated diverse and powerful activities on neuroprotection, anticancer and anti-inflammation, but its vascular protective effects have rarely been reported. Herein, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of Rd on retinal endothelial injury with emphasis on AMPK/SIRT1 interaction. The results indicated that Rd promoted AMPK activation and SIRT1 expression. Besides, Rd strengthened the interaction between AMPK and SIRT1 by increasing NAD+/NADH levels and LKB1 deacetylation in endothelial cells. Moreover, Rd reversed high glucose-induced activation of NOX2, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endothelial apoptosis in an AMPK/SIRT1-interdependent manner. Hyperglycemia induced loss of endothelial cells and other retinal damage, which was restored by Rd via activating AMPK and SIRT1 in vivo. The enhancement of AMPK/SIRT1 interaction by Rd beneficially modulated oxidative stress and apoptosis, and ameliorated diabetes-driven vascular damage. These data also supported the evidence for Rd clinical development of pharmacological interventions and provided a novel potential vascular protective drug for early DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Rongyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yeying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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33
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Wainwright CL, Teixeira MM, Adelson DL, Buenz EJ, David B, Glaser KB, Harata-Lee Y, Howes MJR, Izzo AA, Maffia P, Mayer AM, Mazars C, Newman DJ, Nic Lughadha E, Pimenta AM, Parra JA, Qu Z, Shen H, Spedding M, Wolfender JL. Future Directions for the Discovery of Natural Product-Derived Immunomodulating Drugs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106076. [PMID: 35074524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite the fact that natural product-derived compounds occupy a much greater chemical space than those created through synthetic chemistry methods. With this new era comes new possibilities, not least the novel targets that have emerged in recent times and the development of state-of-the-art technologies that can be applied to drug discovery from natural sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains a pressing need for new agents that can be used to treat the wide variety of conditions that arise from disruption, or over-activation, of the immune system; natural products may therefore be key in filling this gap. Recognising that, at present, there is no authoritative article that details the current state-of-the-art of the immunomodulatory activity of natural products, this in-depth review has arisen from a joint effort between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Natural Products and Immunopharmacology, with contributions from a Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation number of world-leading researchers in the field of natural product drug discovery, to provide a "position statement" on what natural products has to offer in the search for new immunomodulatory argents. To this end, we provide a historical look at previous discoveries of naturally occurring immunomodulators, present a picture of the current status of the field and provide insight into the future opportunities and challenges for the discovery of new drugs to treat immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry L Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - David L Adelson
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Eric J Buenz
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | - Keith B Glaser
- AbbVie Inc., Integrated Discovery Operations, North Chicago, USA.
| | - Yuka Harata-Lee
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Alejandro Ms Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, IL, USA.
| | - Claire Mazars
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | - Adriano Mc Pimenta
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - John Aa Parra
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hanyuan Shen
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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