1
|
Bedard S, Roxborough E, O'Neill E, Mangal V. The biomolecules of Euglena gracilis: Harnessing biology for natural solutions to future problems. Protist 2024; 175:126044. [PMID: 38823247 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the autotrophic and heterotrophic protist Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) has gained popularity across the studies of environmental science, biosynthesis experiments, and nutritional substitutes. The unique physiology and versatile metabolism of E. gracilis have been a recent topic of interest to many researchers who continue to understand the complexity and possibilities of using E. gracilis biomolecule production. In this review, we present a comprehensive representation of recent literature outlining the various uses of biomolecules derived from E. gracilis across the fields of natural product biosynthesis, as a nutritional substitute, and as bioremediation tools. In addition, we highlight effective strategies for altering metabolite production using abiotic stressors and growth conditions. To better understand metabolite biosynthesis and its role in E. gracilis, integrated studies involving genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics should be considered. Together, we show how the ongoing advancements in E. gracilis related research continue to broaden applications in the biosynthetic sector and highlight future works that would strengthen our understanding of overall Euglena metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bedard
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University. 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catherines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - E Roxborough
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E O'Neill
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - V Mangal
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University. 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catherines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trivedi R, Upadhyay TK. Preparation, characterization and antioxidant and anticancerous potential of Quercetin loaded β-glucan particles derived from mushroom and yeast. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16047. [PMID: 38992105 PMCID: PMC11239821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are polysaccharides found in the cell walls of various fungi, bacteria and cereals. β-glucan have been found to show various kinds of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic antioxidant and anticancerous activities. In the present study, we have isolated β-glucan from the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and tested their antioxidant potential and anticancerous activity against prostate cancer cell line PC3. Particles were characterized with zeta sizer and further with FTIR that confirmed that the isolated particles are β-glucan and alginate sealing made slow and sustained release of the Quercetin from the β-glucan particles. Morphological analysis of the hollow and Quercetin loaded β-glucan was performed with the SEM analysis and stability was analyzed with TGA and DSC analysis that showed the higher stability of the alginate sealed particles. Assessments of the antioxidant potential showed that Quercetin loaded particles were having higher antioxidant activity than hollow β-glucan particles. Cell viability of the PC3 cells was examined with MTT assay and it was found that Quercetin loaded alginate sealed Agaricus bisporus derived β-glucan particles were having lowest IC50. Further ROS generation was found to increase in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis detection was carried out with Propidium iodide and AO/EtBr staining dye which showed significant death in the cells treated with higher concentration of the particles. Study showed that particles derived from both of the sources were having efficient anticancer activity and showing a dose dependent increase in cell death in PC3 cells upon treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Trivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burak MF, Stanley TL, Lawson EA, Campbell SL, Lynch L, Hasty AH, Domingos AI, Dixit VD, Hotamışlıgil GS, Sheedy FJ, Dixon AE, Brinkley TE, Hill JA, Donath MY, Grinspoon SK. Adiposity, immunity, and inflammation: interrelationships in health and disease: a report from 24th Annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium, June 2023. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:257-268. [PMID: 38705359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of immunometabolism explores how changes in local immune environments may affect key metabolic and cellular processes, including that of adipose tissue. Importantly, these changes may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. In turn, chronic low-grade inflammation affecting adipose tissue may exacerbate the outcome of metabolic diseases. Novel advances in our understanding of immunometabolic processes may critically lead to interventions to reduce disease severity and progression. An important example in this regard relates to obesity, which has a multifaceted effect on immunity, activating the proinflammatory pathways such as the inflammasome and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This multifaceted effect of obesity can be investigated through study of downstream conditions using cellular and systemic investigative techniques. To further explore this field, the National Institutes of Health P30 Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard, in partnership with Harvard Medical School, assembled experts to present at its 24th Annual Symposium entitled "Adiposity, Immunity, and Inflammation: Interrelationships in Health and Disease" on 7 June, 2023. This manuscript seeks to synthesize and present key findings from the symposium, highlighting new research and novel disease-specific advances in the field. Better understanding the interaction between metabolism and immunity offers promising preventative and treatment therapies for obesity-related immunometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sophia L Campbell
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vishwa D Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, and Yale Center for Research on Aging, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li PS, Wang YL, Lu LR, Zhao SH, Tian J, Liu XX, Ma QX, Kong Y, Quan JY. Preparation of a hydrolyzed yeast β-glucan chromium(III) complex and evaluation of its hypoglycemic activity and sub-acute toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133425. [PMID: 38936582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Yeast β-glucan (BYG) possesses extremely low solubility that has limited its applications. In this study, we hydrolyzed BYG using snail enzyme to obtain hydrolyzed yeast β-glucan (HBYG) with desirable water solubility and hypoglycemic activity. On the basis of HBYG, HBYG‑chromium(III) complex (HBYG-Cr) was synthesized. The molecular weight of the complex was 4.41 × 104 Da, and the content of trivalent chromium was 8.95 %. The hydroxyl groups of HBYG participated in the coordination and formed the chromium complex. The space conformations of HBYG exhibited remarkable changes after complex formation. HBYG-Cr existed mainly in an amorphous state and presented good dispersibility, and the surface was uneven. The hypoglycemic activity of HBYG-Cr was studied in db/db and C57 mice. The results showed that HBYG-Cr had good hypoglycemic activity. Histopathological studies demonstrated that the liver, kidney, pancreas, and skeletal muscle in the treatment group were significantly improved compared with those in the diabetic model group. The sub-acute toxicity of HBYG-Cr was studied in KM mice and the results indicated that the complex did not cause adverse reactions or toxic side effects. This study broadened the application of yeast β-glucan and provided an important reference for the development of hypoglycemic functional foods and drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Shou Li
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yun-Lu Wang
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Lin-Ran Lu
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Shi-Han Zhao
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Liu
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Ma
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Cancer Hospital and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian-Ye Quan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Khoo CS, Koyyalamudi SR, Reddy N. Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend and their structural characterization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31672. [PMID: 38868030 PMCID: PMC11167292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend is a traditionally well-known mushroom that is used for the treatment of cancer. In order to evaluate the pharmacological activities of A. rugosum polysaccharides, the mushroom powder was subjected to hot water extraction and pure polysaccharides (ARPs) were isolated by gel-filtration method. Three important APRs called ARP-1, ARP-2 and ARP-5 were identified with average molecular weights of 1494, 450, and 7 kDa respectively. Their antioxidant abilities were estimated by examining free radical scavenging potential against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS●+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●), and hydroxyl radical. Immunomodulatory potentials of these ARPs were determined using murine macrophage cells. These polysaccharides exhibited high antioxidant abilities and stimulated mouse macrophages leading to the generation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Excellent activities were displayed by ARP-1 and APR-2. Gas chromatography and spectroscopic (FT-IR and NMR) methods were employed in order to carry out their structural characterisation. The two high molecular weight ARPs (ARP-1 and ARP-2) displayed β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan backbone structure with branching of β-(1 → 6)-d-glucopyranosyl. These observations suggest high potential of ARPs for immunotherapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 100010, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cheang Soo Khoo
- Wentworth Institute of Higher Education, 302-306 Elizabeth Street, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sundar Rao Koyyalamudi
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiménez-Pulido IJ, Martín-Diana AB, Tomé-Sánchez I, de Luis D, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Rico D. Boosting Synergistic Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Blending Cereal-Based Nutraceuticals Produced Using Sprouting and Hydrolysis Tools. Foods 2024; 13:1868. [PMID: 38928809 PMCID: PMC11203053 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals obtained from sprouted wheat and oat grains and processing by-products (bran and hull, respectively) naturally containing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds were evaluated. The objective of this study was the development of a cereal-based nutraceutical formula combining extracts from sprouts and by-products and the exploration for potential synergetic effects in their bioactive properties. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, glycemic index, phytic acid, and β-glucan of individual wheat bran hydrolysate (EH-WB), sprouted wheat (SW), oat hull hydrolysate (EH-OH), sprouted oat (SO), and combined ingredients (CI 1, CI 2, and CI3) were used to tailor an optimal nutraceutical formula. The three blend ingredients (CI 1, CI2, and CI3) were formulated at different ratios (EH-WB:SW:EH-OH:SO; 1:1:1:1, 2:1:2:1, and 1:2:1:2, w:w:w:w, respectively). The resulting mixtures showed total phenol (TPs) content ranging from 412.93 to 2556.66 µmol GAE 100 g-1 and antioxidant capacity values from 808.14 to 22,152.54 µmol TE 100 g-1 (ORAC) and 1914.05 to 7261.32 µmol TE 100 g-1 (ABTS•+), with Fe3+ reducing ability from 734. 02 to 8674.51 mmol reduced Fe 100 g-1 (FRAP) for the individual ingredients produced from EH-WB and EH-OH, where high antioxidant activity was observed. However, the anti-inflammatory results exhibited an interesting behavior, with a potentially synergistic effect of the individual ingredients. This effect was observed in CI2 and CI3, resulting in a higher ability to inhibit IL-6 and TNF-α than expected based on the anti-inflammatory values of their individual ingredients. Similar to the antioxidant properties, oat-based ingredients significantly contributed more to the anti-inflammatory properties of the overall mixture. This contribution is likely associated with the β-glucans and avenanthramides present in oats. To ensure the bioaccessibility of these ingredients, further studies including simulated digestion protocols would be necessary. The ingredient formulated with a 2:1 hydrolysate-to-sprout ratio was the most effective combination, reaching higher biological characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jesús Jiménez-Pulido
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (I.J.J.-P.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Ana Belén Martín-Diana
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (I.J.J.-P.); (A.B.M.-D.)
| | - Irene Tomé-Sánchez
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology (DPTB), Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.T.-S.); (C.M.-V.)
| | - Daniel de Luis
- Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition Research Center (IENVA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
- Department of Technological Processes and Biotechnology (DPTB), Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.T.-S.); (C.M.-V.)
| | - Daniel Rico
- Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition Research Center (IENVA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amaral AR, Risolia LW, Rentas MF, Marchi PH, Balieiro JCDC, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA. Translating Human and Animal Model Studies to Dogs' and Cats' Veterinary Care: Beta-Glucans Application for Skin Disease, Osteoarthritis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1071. [PMID: 38930453 PMCID: PMC11205328 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of beta-glucans in dog and cat food is associated with numerous beneficial effects on the health of these animals. In this regard, there is an effort to elucidate the potential of this nutraceutical in chronic patients. Since there is a lack of a review on the topic, this review article aims to compile and discuss the evidence found to date. Atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoarthritis are diseases of significant clinical relevance in dogs and cats. In general, the pathophysiology of these chronic conditions is related to immune-mediated and inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, the immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of beta-glucans are highlighted throughout this review. The available information seems to indicate that the studies on beta-glucans' impact on allergic processes in dogs indicate a reduction in clinical signs in atopic dermatitis cases. Additionally, while beta-glucans show promise as a safe supplement, particularly for osteoarthritis, further clinical trials are imperative, especially in uncontrolled environments. Beta-glucans emerge as a potential nutraceutical offering immune benefits for inflammatory bowel disease patients, although extensive research is required to define its optimal origin, molecular weight, dosage, and specific applications across animals suffering from this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moerings BGJ, Mes JJ, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Govers C, van Dijk M, Witkamp RF, van Norren K, Abbring S. Dietary Intake of Yeast-Derived β-Glucan and Rice-Derived Arabinoxylan Induces Dose-Dependent Innate Immune Priming in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300829. [PMID: 38682734 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Beta-glucans and arabinoxylans are known for their immunostimulatory properties. However, in vivo these have been documented almost exclusively following parenteral administration, underemphasizing oral intake. C57BL/6 mice are fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with yeast-derived whole β-glucan particle (yWGP) or with rice-derived arabinoxylan (rice bran-1) at a concentration of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% weight/weight (w/w) for 2 weeks. Thereafter, cells from blood, bone marrow, and spleen are collected for ex vivo stimulation with various microbial stimuli. Dietary intake of yWGP for 2 weeks at concentrations of 1% and 2.5% w/w increases ex vivo cytokine production in mouse blood and bone marrow, whereas 5% w/w yWGP shows no effect. In the spleen, cytokine production remains unaffected by yWGP. At a concentration of 1% w/w, rice bran-1 increases ex vivo cytokine production by whole blood, but 2.5% and 5% w/w cause inhibitory effects in bone marrow and spleen. This study demonstrates that dietary yWGP and rice bran-1 induce immune priming in mouse blood and bone marrow, with the strongest effects observed at 1% w/w. Future human trials should substantiate the efficacy of dietary β-glucans and arabinoxylans to bolster host immunity, focusing on dose optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart G J Moerings
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | | | - Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WD, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WE, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan L, Fan C, Wang D, Li X, Wang M, Zhuo Z, Li S, Ding Y, Yang Z, Cheng J. The Effects of Lentinan on the Hematological and Immune Indices of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1314. [PMID: 38731317 PMCID: PMC11083140 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of lentinan (LNT) on hematological parameters, immune indices, and metabolite levels in dairy cows. We randomly assigned forty Holstein cows to four treatment groups. The treatments consisted of 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/d of LNT. Compared with the control group, the addition of 10 g/d of LNT decreased the content of ALT and IL-8 but simultaneously increased the content of IL-4 in the cows' serum. Supplementation with 10 g/d of LNT decreased the levels of lymphocyte, RDW, ALT, AST, TC, IL-2, and IL-8, but, concurrently, in-creased the levels of granulocytes and IL-4 in their serum. In addition, supplementation with 15 g/d of LNT decreased the levels of RDW, TC, IL-2, and IL-8, but, at the same time, increased the levels of IL-4 and IgM in their serum. For the metabolomic analysis, cows fed with 0 and 10 g/d of LNT were selected. The results showed that 10 metabolites, including reduced nicotinamide riboside and trehalose, were upregulated in the 10 g/d group. These differential metabolites were enriched in tyrosine metabolism and trehalose degradation and altered two metabolic pathways of ubiquinone and other terpene quinone biosynthesis, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings provide evidence that LNT could be used to reduce the risk of inflammation in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Caiyun Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Dian Wang
- Inner Mongolia Youran Dairy Group Limited, Hohhot 010010, China;
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhao Zhuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Shuaihong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yuhang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zixi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.T.); (C.F.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wilczak J, Prostek A, Dziendzikowska K, Gajewska M, Kopiasz Ł, Harasym J, Oczkowski M, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Oat Beta-Glucan as a Metabolic Regulator in Early Stage of Colorectal Cancer-A Model Study on Azoxymethane-Treated Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4635. [PMID: 38731854 PMCID: PMC11083532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Factors that reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer include biologically active substances. In our previous research, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects of oat beta-glucans in gastrointestinal disease models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week consumption of a diet supplemented with low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan in two doses on the antioxidant potential, inflammatory parameters, and colonic metabolomic profile in azoxymethane(AOM)-induced early-stage colorectal cancer in the large intestine wall of rats. The results showed a statistically significant effect of AOM leading to the development of neoplastic changes in the colon. Consumption of beta-glucans induced changes in colonic antioxidant potential parameters, including an increase in total antioxidant status, a decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration. In addition, beta-glucans decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12) and C-reactive protein (CRP) while increasing the concentration of IL-10. Metabolomic studies confirmed the efficacy of oat beta-glucans in the AOM-induced early-stage colon cancer model by increasing the levels of metabolites involved in metabolic pathways, such as amino acids, purine, biotin, and folate. In conclusion, these results suggest a wide range of mechanisms involved in altering colonic metabolism during the early stage of carcinogenesis and a strong influence of low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan, administered as dietary supplement, in modulating these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Adam Prostek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (Ł.K.); (M.O.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Łukasz Kopiasz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (Ł.K.); (M.O.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (Ł.K.); (M.O.); (J.G.-O.)
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.D.); (Ł.K.); (M.O.); (J.G.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li D, Chen M, Meng X, Sun Y, Liu R, Sun T. Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, bioactivity and potential applications of polysaccharides from Avena sativa L.: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130891. [PMID: 38493821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Avena sativa L. (A. sativa L.), commonly known as oat, is a significant cereal grain crop with excellent edible and medicinal value. Oat polysaccharides (OPs), the major bioactive components of A. sativa L., have received considerable attention due to their beneficial bioactivities. However, the isolation and purification methods of OPs lack innovation, and the structure-activity relationship remains unexplored. This review emphatically summarized recent progress in the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, structure-to-function associations and the potential application status of OPs. Different materials and isolation methods can result in the differences in the structure and bioactivity of OPs. OPs are mainly composed of various monosaccharide constituents, including glucose, arabinose and mannose, along with galactose, xylose and rhamnose in different molar ratios and types of glycosidic bonds. OPs exhibited a broad molecular weight distribution, ranging from 1.34 × 105 Da to 4.1 × 106 Da. Moreover, structure-activity relationships demonstrated that the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, linkage types, and chemical modifications are closely related to their multiple bioactivities, including immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory activity, antitumor effects etc. This work can provide comprehensive knowledge, update information and promising directions for future exploitation and application of OPs as therapeutic agents and multifunctional food additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology; Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Tiedong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mizuno M, Minato KI. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides in mushrooms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103076. [PMID: 38364705 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms are distinguished as important food-containing polysaccharides possessing potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. These compounds belong mostly to polysaccharides that are mostly β-D-glucans. Among them, β-1,3-glucan with β-1,6 side chains of glucose residues, has more important roles in their properties. In this review, we have introduced polysaccharides mainly from Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus citrinopileatus with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. In addition, the mechanisms of activation of their physiological properties and signal cascade are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Science, Osaka Aoyama University, 2-11-1 Niina, Minoh, Osaka 562-8580, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichiro Minato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The Graduate School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ansari M, Darvishi A. A review of the current state of natural biomaterials in wound healing applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1309541. [PMID: 38600945 PMCID: PMC11004490 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1309541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin, the largest biological organ, consists of three main parts: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Wounds are abnormal wounds in various forms, such as lacerations, burns, chronic wounds, diabetic wounds, acute wounds, and fractures. The wound healing process is dynamic, complex, and lengthy in four stages involving cells, macrophages, and growth factors. Wound dressing refers to a substance that covers the surface of a wound to prevent infection and secondary damage. Biomaterials applied in wound management have advanced significantly. Natural biomaterials are increasingly used due to their advantages including biomimicry of ECM, convenient accessibility, and involvement in native wound healing. However, there are still limitations such as low mechanical properties and expensive extraction methods. Therefore, their combination with synthetic biomaterials and/or adding bioactive agents has become an option for researchers in this field. In the present study, the stages of natural wound healing and the effect of biomaterials on its direction, type, and level will be investigated. Then, different types of polysaccharides and proteins were selected as desirable natural biomaterials, polymers as synthetic biomaterials with variable and suitable properties, and bioactive agents as effective additives. In the following, the structure of selected biomaterials, their extraction and production methods, their participation in wound healing, and quality control techniques of biomaterials-based wound dressings will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ansari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yimam M, Horm T, O'Neal A, Jiao P, Hong M, Jia Q. An Aloe-Based Composition Constituting Polysaccharides and Polyphenols Protected Mice against D-Galactose-Induced Immunosenescence. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:9307906. [PMID: 38516617 PMCID: PMC10957255 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9307906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A decline in immune response, exhibited in the form of immunosenescence and inflammaging, is an age-associated disturbance of the immune system known to predispose the elderly to a greater susceptibility to infection and poor vaccine response. Polysaccharides and polyphenols from botanicals are known for their immune modulation effects. Here we evaluated a standardized mushroom-based composition, UP360, from Aloe barbadensis, Poria cocos, and Rosmarinus officinalis, as a natural nutritional supplement for a balanced immune response in an accelerated aging mouse model. Immunosenescence was induced by continual subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal) at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day to CD-1 mice. UP360 was administered at oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg to the mice starting on the 5th week of D-gal injection. The study lasted for a total of 9 weeks. All mice were given a quadrivalent influenza vaccine at 3 µg/animal via intramuscular injection 14 days before the end of the study. A group of D-gal-treated mice treated at 400 mg/kg/day UP360 was kept without vaccination. Whole blood, serum, spleen homogenate, and thymus tissues were used for analysis. UP360 was found to improve the immune response as evidenced by stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, increase antioxidant capacity as reflected by augmented SOD and Nrf2, and preserve vital immune organs, such as the thymus, from aging-associated damage. The findings depicted in this report show the effect of the composition in activating and maintaining homeostasis of the immune system both during active infections and as a preventive measure to help prime the immune system. These data warrant further clinical study to explore the potential application of the mushroom-based composition as an adjunct nutritional supplement for a balanced immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Teresa Horm
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Alexandria O'Neal
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite #400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jia L, Beidelschies M, Evans JM, Niemtzow RC, Niemtzow SZ, Dusek JA, Lin Y, Wu C, Su YC, Wang CJ, Lin CY, Astana PRW, Ardiyanto D, Hardjoutomo R, Visithanon K, Puagkong J, Chokpaisarn J, Lopez MV, Yotsuyanagi H, Lee MS, Ramirez HJG, Bobadilla CP, Quinteros EMG, Galanti de la Paz M, Maramba-Lazarte CC. Recommendations and guidelines of integrative medicine for COVID-19 care: The APEC project outcome. Integr Med Res 2024; 13:101022. [PMID: 38434793 PMCID: PMC10907161 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2024.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This article - Recommendations and Guidelines of Integrative Medicine (IM) for COVID-19 Care - was one of the outcomes from an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Project (Integrative Medicine (IM) and COVID -19 Care) during the time between May 2022 and March 2023. With the efforts from care providers, researchers, health policy makers and healthcare administrative leaders among APEC economies, the purpose of this file was to provide comprehensive IM systems for COVID-19 care as recommendations and suggestive guidelines including care methods, tools, procedures, symptom conditions and targets selections, and points need to be considered during care applications. All cited COVID-19 care practices have confirmed their efficacy and usefulness either used alone or combined with conventional medicine. This article provides current useful medical information on IM for COVID-19 care which could benefit APEC economies and world health communities on their healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C. Jason Wang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Taipei
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Chinese Taipei
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - APEC Health Working Group
- National Cancer Institute, USA
- Cleveland Clinic, USA
- The Center for Functional Medicine, USA
- The US Air Force Medical Corps, USA
- Connor Whole Health, USA
- Food and Drug Administration, USA
- Stanford University, USA
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Taipei
- Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Chinese Taipei
- Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta, Indonesia
- Ministry of Health, Indonesia
- Public Health Management, Ministry of Health, Indonesia
- Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Thailand
- Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
- National University of San Marcos, Peru
- University of Tokyo, Japan
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Complementary Care System, Mexico
- Academic Network of Integrative Medicine and Health, Chile
- Ministry of Health, Chile
- Academic University of Chile, Chile
- National Institutes of Health, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maina AN, Schulze H, Kiarie EG. Response of broiler breeder pullets when fed hydrolyzed whole yeast from placement to 22 wk of age. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103383. [PMID: 38176370 PMCID: PMC10806125 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The study examined the effects of feeding broiler breeder pullets hydrolyzed whole yeast (HY) from hatch to 22 wk of age (WOA). A total of 524-day-old Ross 708 pullets were placed in floor pens (∼24 birds/pen) for the starter (0-4 WOA) and grower (5-18 WOA) phases, then transferred to the egg production facility and redistributed to ∼20 birds/pen for the prelay phase (19-22 WOA). Two diets were allocated to pens (0-18 WOA; n = 11) and (19-22 WOA; n-12). The diets were a control corn and soybean meal diet formulated to meet specifications and control plus 0.05% HY (HY). Birds had ad libitum access to feed in the first week and daily feed allocation based on pen BW from 2 WOA. Birds had free access to water throughout the trial. Body weight (BW) and uniformity (BW CV) were monitored. Boosters for infectious bronchitis and New Castle disease vaccines were administered at 18 WOA, and samples of pullets bled for antibody titer 5-day later. One pullet/pen was randomly selected, weighed, bled for plasma biochemistry, and necropsied for organ weights, ceca digesta for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and leg bones morphometry. In the starter and grower phases, birds fed HY were lighter and gained less (P < 0.05) than control birds. However, there were no diet effects (P > 0.05) on growth, the BW prelay phase, or BW uniformity throughout the trial. There were no (P > 0.05) diet effects on breast, gastrointestinal, liver and bursa weights, serum antibody titers, plasma biochemistry, SCFA and bone attributes. However, pullets fed HY had heavier (P = 0.047) spleen and tended to have lower (P = 0.080) plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) relative to control pullets. In conclusion, the parameters assessed showed no negative consequences of feeding HY to broiler breeder pullets. However, effects on the spleen and plasma AST may indicate modest modulation of immunity and metabolism. The impact of the provision of HY during broiler breeder pullet phase on reproductive performance and chick quality should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson N Maina
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kayser E, Castaneda PL, Soto-Diaz K, Steelman AJ, Murphy A, Spindola M, He F, de Godoy MRC. Functional properties of Ganoderma lucidum supplementation in canine nutrition. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae051. [PMID: 38417056 PMCID: PMC11025632 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a mushroom that has been widely used in Asia for its immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory capacity, which has been hypothesized to be attributed mainly to the recognition of its cell-surface patterns by cells of the immune system present in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in a cascade of modulatory events. However, the nutraceutical properties of GL have not been tested in dogs. Forty adult beagles were used in a completely randomized design. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of GL on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; T cells, B cells, monocytes, and natural killers), vaccine response, nutrient digestibility, fecal fermentative end-products, and skin and coat quality of adult dogs. Dogs were fed a commercial dry extruded complete and balanced diet plus GL top-dressed daily upon feeding time. Four experimental treatments were used: 0% GL supplementation (control), 5 mg/kg BW of GL, 10 mg/kg BW of GL, or 15 mg/kg BW of GL. Following a 7 d adaptation to the control diet, dogs were fed their respective treatment diets for 28 d. They were challenged with vaccination of a modified live virus Canine Distemper, Adenovirus Type 1 (Hepatitis), Adenovirus Type 2, Parainfluenza, and Parvovirus and killed Rabies Virus on day 7 with blood collections on days 0, 14, and 28. The inclusion of GL in all dosages was well-accepted by all dogs, with no detrimental effect on macronutrient apparent total tract digestibility. There was a trend that the percentage of major histocompatibility II (MHC-II) from B cells was greater in dogs fed 15 mg/kg of GL (41.91%) compared to the control group (34.63%). The phagocytosis response tended to have treatment-by-time interaction among treatments; dogs fed 15 mg/kg of GL tended to have greater phagocytosis activity on day 28 than dogs from the control group and dogs fed 5 mg/kg of GL. The vaccine-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were higher in the group supplemented with 15 mg/kg of GL compared to treatment control 7 d after the vaccination for rabies. These data suggest that the inclusion of GL had no detrimental effects on any analyzed PBMC. Due to changes in immune parameters among treatments, GL may also exert beneficial immunostimulatory effects in healthy adult dogs when provided at a daily dose of 15 mg/ kg BW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Kayser
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Paola L Castaneda
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Katiria Soto-Diaz
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alayna Murphy
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Fei He
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Maria R C de Godoy
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao Y, Lin Y, Xu S, Hua L, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Che L, Zhuo Y, Wu D. Amino acid standardized ileal digestibility together with concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and soybean meal for gestating sows. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad402. [PMID: 38044794 PMCID: PMC10768982 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) plus crude protein (CP), in addition to digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations, was assessed through two experiments on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCY) combined with soybean meal (SBM) for gestating sows. SCY and SBM were subjected to experiment 1 for the determination of CP and AAs in terms of SID. Under a randomized complete block design, three dietary treatments were provided for a total of 24 Landrace × Yorkshire gestating sows (parity 2), with the distal ileum clipped by a T-cannula at gestational day 33 based on body weight (BW) (194.1 ± 7.1, 195.3 ± 8.5, and 195.3 ± 8.6 kg). SCY and SBM were used as the only source of nitrogen to prepare two semi-purified diets and a nitrogen-free diet was also utilized to examine CP plus AAs for basal ileal endogenous losses. The gestating sows were initially fed these diets for 5 d to allow for adaptation, and ileal digesta was collected 2 d later for analysis. CP and all AAs in SCY, except for Trp and Gly, showed significantly lower SID than those in SBM (P < 0.05). Among the essential AAs, the range of SID was 68.8% for Thr to 92.2% for Arg in dried yeast, and from 79.9% for Thr to 98.6% for Met in SBM. DE plus ME were measured via experiment 2 with a randomized complete block design on SCY and SBM. Eighteen day-35 Landrace × Yorkshire pregnant sows (parity 3) were allocated to three diets based on BW (233.3 ± 16.0, 233.4 ± 9.6, and 233.4 ± 10.3 kg). Three diets were adopted for the experiment, namely, a corn-based diet as well as two diets containing 20.2% SCY and 20.0% SBM samples. The full fecal collection method, comprising a 5-day adaptation period before a 5- to 6-d experimental period for quantitative urine and feces collection, was employed for metabolic trials. The DE and ME for SCY were remarkably decreased compared with those for SBM (3812 kcal/kg DM vs. 4264 kcal/kg DM and 3714 kcal/kg DM vs. 4157 kcal/kg DM), respectively (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, CP, and gross energy between SCY and SBM, but ATTD was significantly reduced in SCY for acid detergent fiber, dry matter, and neutral detergent fiber by contrast with SBM (P < 0.05). In conclusion, most AAs and CP in SCY had lower SID, DE, and ME than SBM in this study. These findings can be applied to diet formulation with the aforementioned ingredients for sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sujithra S, Arthanareeswaran G, Ismail AF, Taweepreda W. Isolation, purification and characterization of β-glucan from cereals - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128255. [PMID: 37984576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are soluble fibers found in cereal compounds, including barley, oats etc., as an active component. They are used as a dietary fiber to treat cholesterol, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These polysaccharides are important because they can provide many therapeutic benefits related to their biological activity in human like inhibiting tumour growth, anti-inflammatory action, etc. All these activities were usually attached to their molecular weight, structure and degree of branching. The present manuscript reviews the background of β-glucan, its characterization techniques, the possible ways to extract β-glucan and mainly focuses on membrane-based purification techniques. The β-glucan separation methods using polymeric membranes, their operational characteristics, purification methods which may yield pure or crude β-glucan and structural analysis methods were also discussed. Future direction in research and development related to β-glucan recovery from cereal were also offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sujithra
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A F Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Wirach Taweepreda
- Polymer Science Program, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cui Y, Han X, Hu X, Li T, Li S. Distinctions in structure, rheology, antioxidation, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of β-glucans from different species. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127684. [PMID: 37890753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the distinctions between β-glucans from different species, Lentinula edodes β-glucan (LG), yeast β-glucan (YG), and oat β-glucan (OG) were extracted with hot water and determined as β-d-glucopyranose form by HPLC and FT-IR analysis. The molecular weight (Mw) of LG, YG, and OG was 670 kDa, 341 kDa, and 66 kDa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited different micro surfaces of three β-glucans and the relative crystallinity of YG was the highest (29.8 %), followed by that of LG (23.2 %) and OG (20.3 %) determined by X-ray diffraction. Congo red analysis and atomic force microscopy showed that LG and YG have triple helical structures. The apparent viscosity, storage modulus (G'), and loss modulus (G") of β-glucans were increased with the increase of Mw. DPPH·, ABTS+·, HO·, and reducing power assays showed that β-glucans from different species exhibited different antioxidant activities, and the DPPH· scavenging rate of 2 mg/mL LG reached >80 % higher than that of YG and OG. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of OG was better than YG and LG. In summary, β-glucans from different species have different structures, physicochemical properties, and physiological functions, which provides theoretical evidence for the precise processing and utilization of β-glucan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Xuedong Han
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Xiaopei Hu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Tuoping Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Suhong Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Riseh RS, Vazvani MG, Kennedy JF. β-glucan-induced disease resistance in plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127043. [PMID: 37742892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are caused by various factors, including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic ones. β-glucan primarily originates from bacteria and fungi, some species of these organisms work as biological agents in causing diseases. When β-glucan enters plants, it triggers the defense system, leading to various reactions such as the production of proteins related to pathogenicity and defense enzymes. By extracting β-glucan from disturbed microorganisms and using it as an inducing agent, plant diseases can be effectively controlled by activating the plant's defense system. β-glucan plays a crucial role during the interaction between plants and pathogens. Therefore, modeling the plant-pathogen relationship and using the molecules involved in this interaction can help in controlling plant diseases, as pathogens have genes related to resistance against pathogenicity. Thus, it is reasonable to identify and use biological induction agents at a large scale by extracting these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong QQ, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi Y, Yang KD, Xu XL, Chen W. Exploring β-glucan as a micro-nano system for oral delivery targeted the colon. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127360. [PMID: 37827417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of oral colon-specific delivery systems (OCDDS) is important for delivering active agents to the colon and rectum specifically via the oral route. The use of micro/nanostructured OCDDS further improves drug stability, bioavailability, and retention time, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. However, designing micro/nanoscale OCDDSs is challenging due to pH changes, enzymatic degradation, and systemic absorption and metabolism. Biodegradable natural polysaccharides are a promising solution to these problems, and β-glucan is one of the most promising natural polysaccharides due to its unique structural features, conformational flexibility, and specific processing properties. This review covers the diverse chemical structures of β-glucan, its benefits (biocompatibility, easy modification, and colon-specific degradation), and various β-glucan-based micro/nanosized OCDDSs, as well as their drawbacks. The potential of β-glucan offers exciting new opportunities for colon-specific drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Dong
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Shi
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ke-Da Yang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nasiri K, Sadeghi AA, Nikkhah A, Chamani M. Effects of live and autolyzed yeast supplementation during transition period on ruminal fermentation, blood attributes, and immune response in dairy cows under heat stress condition. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2963-2971. [PMID: 36165743 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare nutrient digestibility, performance and immune response of dairy cows received live and autolyzed yeast during the transition period in high ambient temperature. Cows (n = 25) were randomly divided and received a basal diet with or without live yeast or autolyzed yeast as on top three weeks pre-parturition until three weeks post-parturition. The Control group received a basal diet without yeast products; other groups received 0.5 g live yeast; 1.0 g live yeast; 10 g autolyzed yeast and 20 g/d/head autolyzed yeast. Live yeast resulted in higher nutrient digestibility compared with autolyzed yeast and the control. Methane production was the highest in autolyzed yeast and the lowest in live yeast. Average milk production was the highest in cows that received live yeast. The highest IgG level was for cows that received autolyzed yeast at a dose of 20 g/d/head. Live yeast had no significant effect, but autolyzed yeast increased the relative expression of γ-Interferon and interleukin-2 as compared with the control group. It was concluded that live yeast at a dose of 1.0 g/d/head could influence ruminal fermentation and milk production, but autolyzed yeast at a dose of 20 g/d/head could influence the immune response of dairy cows during the transition period and heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Nasiri
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nikkhah
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Korčok M, Calle J, Veverka M, Vietoris V. Understanding the health benefits and technological properties of β-glucan for the development of easy-to-swallow gels to guarantee food security among seniors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11504-11521. [PMID: 35766942 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2093325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is growing rapidly and the number of elderly people with undernutrition and malnutrition is increasing. Common health problems among seniors are cardiovascular, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, and cognitive disorders, cancer, diabetes, psychological and dental problems. The food industry is trying to meet the demands of an aging society, but these efforts are not sufficient. New strategies are needed, and they demand foods development with modified textures that are easy to swallow, such as gels suitable for seniors. Depending on the specific needs of the elderly, bioactive compounds with health benefits should be included in food systems. Novel foods may play an important role in the prevention, maintenance, and treatment of age-related diseases. One of the most studied bioactive compound is β-glucan, a polysaccharide with approved health claims confirmed by clinical trials, such as "β-glucan contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels" and "the consumption of β-glucan from oats or barley contributes to the reduction of postprandial glucose spikes." In this review, the health benefits, and technological properties of β-glucan for the development of senior-friendly ready-to-swallow gels were described. In addition, some patents and studies conducted in connection with the development of the gel systems were collected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Korčok
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jehannara Calle
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Food Research Institute for the Food Industry (IIIA), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Vladimir Vietoris
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baruah P, Patra A, Barge S, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Edible Mushrooms to Attenuate SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Some Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:897. [PMID: 37755005 PMCID: PMC10532592 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly infectious positive RNA virus, has spread from its epicenter to other countries with increased mortality and morbidity. Its expansion has hampered humankind's social, economic, and health realms to a large extent. Globally, investigations are underway to understand the complex pathophysiology of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) induced by SARS-CoV-2. Though numerous therapeutic strategies have been introduced to combat COVID-19, none are fully proven or comprehensive, as several key issues and challenges remain unresolved. At present, natural products have gained significant momentum in treating metabolic disorders. Mushrooms have often proved to be the precursor of various therapeutic molecules or drug prototypes. The plentiful bioactive macromolecules in edible mushrooms, like polysaccharides, proteins, and other secondary metabolites (such as flavonoids, polyphenols, etc.), have been used to treat multiple diseases, including viral infections, by traditional healers and the medical fraternity. Some edible mushrooms with a high proportion of therapeutic molecules are known as medicinal mushrooms. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight the exploration of bioactive molecules in mushrooms to combat the various pathophysiological complications of COVID-19. This review presents an in-depth and critical analysis of the current therapies against COVID-19 versus the potential of natural anti-infective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic products derived from a wide range of easily sourced mushrooms and their bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paran Baruah
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
- Faculty of Science, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Sagar Barge
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.B.); (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sung M, Yoon Y, Lee J. The Immunomodulatory Effect of β-Glucan Depends on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:3148. [PMID: 37685079 PMCID: PMC10487241 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan and the composition of gut microbiota in mice. The mice were fed a diet containing β-glucan for 3 weeks, and feces, blood, and tissues were then collected to analyze the immunomodulatory effect and gut microbiota composition. Based on the results of the analysis of the expression level of immune-associated proteins, the high immunomodulatory effect group (HIE) and low immunomodulatory effect group (LIE) were categorized. Before the β-glucan diet, the proportions of the phylum Bacteroidota, family Muribaculaceae, and family Lactobacillaceae were significantly higher in HIE than in LIE. Furthermore, the genus Akkermansia was absent before the β-glucan diet and increased after β-glucan diet. These microbes had the ability to metabolize β-glucan or were beneficial to health. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that variation in the composition of gut microbiota among individuals can result in varying expressions of β-glucan functionality. This outcome supports the notion that β-glucan may be metabolized through diverse pathways by gut microbes originally possessed by mice, subsequently producing various metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Alternatively, the viscosity of the intestinal mucosa could be enhanced by β-glucan, potentially promoting the growth of certain bacteria (e.g., the genus Akkermansia). This study provides insights into the intricate interplay between β-glucan, gut microbiota, and immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sztupecki W, Rhazi L, Depeint F, Aussenac T. Functional and Nutritional Characteristics of Natural or Modified Wheat Bran Non-Starch Polysaccharides: A Literature Review. Foods 2023; 12:2693. [PMID: 37509785 PMCID: PMC10379113 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) consists mainly of different histological cell layers (pericarp, testa, hyaline layer and aleurone). WB contains large quantities of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), including arabinoxylans (AX) and β-glucans. These dietary fibres have long been studied for their health effects on management and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. NSP benefits depend on their dose and molecular characteristics, including concentration, viscosity, molecular weight, and linked-polyphenols bioavailability. Given the positive health effects of WB, its incorporation in different food products is steadily increasing. However, the rheological, organoleptic and other problems associated with WB integration are numerous. Biological, physical, chemical and combined methods have been developed to optimise and modify NSP molecular characteristics. Most of these techniques aimed to potentially improve food processing, nutritional and health benefits. In this review, the physicochemical, molecular and functional properties of modified and unmodified WB are highlighted and explored. Up-to-date research findings from the clinical trials on mechanisms that WB have and their effects on health markers are critically reviewed. The review points out the lack of research using WB or purified WB fibre components in randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thierry Aussenac
- Institut Polytechnique Unilasalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 60026 Beauvais, France; (W.S.); (L.R.); (F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Choi H, Kim SW. Characterization of β-Glucans from Cereal and Microbial Sources and Their Roles in Feeds for Intestinal Health and Growth of Nursery Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2236. [PMID: 37444033 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review are to investigate the quantitative, compositional, and structural differences of β-glucans and the functional effects of β-glucans on the intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. Banning antibiotic feed supplementation increased the research demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain the intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. It has been proposed that β-glucans improve the growth efficiency of nursery pigs through positive impacts on their intestinal health. However, based on their structure and source, their impacts can be extensively different. β-glucans are non-starch polysaccharides found in the cell walls of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), bacteria, fungi (Basidiomycota), and cereal grains (mainly barley and oats). The total β-glucan content from cereal grains is much greater than that of microbial β-glucans. Cereal β-glucans may interfere with the positive effects of microbial β-glucans on the intestinal health of nursery pigs. Due to their structural differences, cereal β-glucans also cause digesta viscosity, decreasing feed digestion, and decreasing nutrient absorption in the GIT of nursery pigs. Specifically, cereal β-glucans are based on linear glucose molecules linked by β-(1,3)- and β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds with relatively high water-soluble properties, whereas microbial β-glucans are largely linked with β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glycosidic bonds possessing insoluble properties. From the meta-analysis, the weight gain and feed intake of nursery pigs increased by 7.6% and 5.3%, respectively, through the use of yeast β-glucans (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and increased by 11.6% and 6.9%, respectively, through the use of bacterial β-glucans (from Agrobacterium sp.), whereas the use of cereal β-glucans did not show consistent responses. The optimal use of yeast β-glucans (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was 50 mg/kg in nursery pig diets based on a meta-analysis. Collectively, use of microbial β-glucans can improve the intestinal health of nursery pigs, enhancing immune conditions, whereas the benefits of cereal β-glucans on intestinal health were not consistent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Choi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Hwang SY, Kim DH, Park SY, Ko YJ, Kim SM, Park JH, Lee MJ. Dectin-1 signaling coordinates innate and adaptive immunity for potent host defense against viral infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194502. [PMID: 37334361 PMCID: PMC10272586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most commercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have various disadvantages, such as low antibody titers, short-lived effects, compromised host defense, and questionable safety. Objectives To address these shortcomings, we present a novel FMD vaccine containing Dectin-1 agonist, β-D-glucan, as an immunomodulatory adjuvant. The proposed vaccine was developed to effectively coordinate innate and adaptive immunity for potent host defense against viral infection. Methods We demonstrated β-D-glucan mediated innate and adaptive immune responses in mice and pigs in vitro and in vivo. The expressions of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, transcription factors, and co-stimulatory molecules were promoted via FMD vaccine containing β-D-glucan. Results β-D-glucan elicited a robust cellular immune response and early, mid-, and long-term immunity. Moreover, it exhibited potent host defense by modulating host's innate and adaptive immunity. Conclusion Our study provides a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of conventional FMD vaccines. Based on the proposed vaccine's safety and efficacy, it represents a breakthrough among next-generation FMD vaccines.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kil BJ, Pyung YJ, Park H, Kang JW, Yun CH, Huh CS. Probiotic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GILA with alleviating intestinal inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6687. [PMID: 37095161 PMCID: PMC10125971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several probiotic products have been developed; however, most probiotic applications focused on prokaryotic bacteria whereas eukaryotic probiotics have received little attention. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains are eukaryotes notable for their fermentation and functional food applications. The present study investigated the novel yeast strains isolated from Korean fermented beverages and examined their potential probiotic characteristics. We investigated seven strains among 100 isolates with probiotic characteristics further. The strains have capabilities such as auto-aggregation tendency, co-aggregation with a pathogen, hydrophobicity with n-hexadecane,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect, survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and the adhesion ability of the strains to the Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, all the strains contained high cell wall glucan content, a polysaccharide with immunological effects. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing identified the Saccharomyces strains selected in the present study as probiotics. To examine the effects of alleviating inflammation in cells, nitric oxide generation in raw 264.7 cells with S. cerevisiae showed that S. cerevisiae GILA could be a potential probiotic strain able to alleviate inflammation. Three probiotics of S. cerevisiae GILA strains were chosen by in vivo screening with a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis murine model. In particular, GILA 118 down-regulates neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and myeloperoxidase in mice treated with DSS. The expression levels of genes encoding tight junction proteins in the colon were upregulated, cytokine interleukin-10 was significantly increased, and tumor necrosis factor-α was reduced in the serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bum Ju Kil
- Biomodulation Major, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Pyung
- Biomodulation Major, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Park
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32, Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Biomodulation Major, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Sung Huh
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zamboti ML, Pertile SFN, Santos RMD, Barreto JVP, Zanoni APK, Castilho C, Zundt M, Rego FCDA. Nutrient intake, digestibility and ruminal characteristics of lambs supplemented with probiotic. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:163. [PMID: 37074501 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of probiotic in the diets of lambs, on ruminal characteristics, intake and digestibility of nutrients. The treatments were 0 (control group), 2, 4 and 6 g/day of probiotic doses, supplied orally and individually to the lambs. Four crossbred Santa Inês X Texel lambs were used, and the experimental design was a Latin square, with four treatments and four periods. Samples of diet, orts, feces, and ruminal fluid were collected from each animal. Intake and apparent digestibility variables were not different (p > 0.05) among the levels of probiotic evaluated. The average daily feed intake of lambs ranged from 1.27 to 1.28 kg of DM/day, and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were obtained between the levels of probiotics used in the diet. The percentage distribution of protozoa was not significant according to the different doses of probiotics used. A positive linear effect was obtained between the pH of the rumen fluid and the probiotic used, indicating that the highest pH values were obtained when the animals received the higher dose of 6 g probiotic; indicative that its use provides a ruminal environment closer to neutrality. The methylene blue reduction test in ruminal fluid samples did not differ between the different doses of probiotics used. The increasing levels of the probiotic in the diet of lambs are related to an increase in ruminal pH, without changing the levels of intake and digestibility of nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Ludovico Zamboti
- Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, PR-218, Km 1, Jardim Aeroporto, 86702-670, Arapongas, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Kuller Zanoni
- Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, PR-218, Km 1, Jardim Aeroporto, 86702-670, Arapongas, PR, Brasil
| | - Caliê Castilho
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - Marilice Zundt
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Arapovic L, Huang Y, Manell E, Verbeek E, Keeling L, Sun L, Landberg R, Lundh T, Lindberg JE, Dicksved J. Age Rather Than Supplementation with Oat β-Glucan Influences Development of the Intestinal Microbiota and SCFA Concentrations in Suckling Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081349. [PMID: 37106912 PMCID: PMC10135274 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of early supplementation with oat β-glucan during the suckling period on piglet gut microbiota composition, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, and gut physiological markers were assessed. Fifty piglets from five litters, balanced for sex and birth weight, were divided within litters into two treatment groups: β-glucan and control. Piglets in the β-glucan group received the supplement three times/week from day 7 of age until weaning. Rectal swab samples were collected from 10 piglets per treatment group (balanced across litters) from week 1 to week 4, and plasma samples were collected at 1, 3, and 4 weeks of age. Additional samples of intestinal tissues and jugular and portal vein plasma were collected from 10 animals at weaning (one per treatment group and litter). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and the microbiota composition in rectal swabs were mainly influenced by piglet age, rather than the supplement. There were significant differences in microbiota composition between litters and several correlations between concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and specific microbial taxa in rectal swabs. Overall, β-glucan supplementation did not have any clear impact on the gut environment in suckling piglets, whereas a clear age-related pattern emerged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Arapovic
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Elin Manell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Else Verbeek
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Keeling
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Erik Lindberg
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen Y, Liao X, Li Y, Cao H, Zhang F, Fei B, Bao C, Cao H, Mao Y, Chen X, Gao X, Zhao W, Xu J. Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:268. [PMID: 37046334 PMCID: PMC10091326 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide is a huge challenge to human health. Primary tumor locations found to impact prognosis and response to therapy. The important role of gut microbiota in the progression and treatment of CRC has led to many attempts of alleviating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects using microecologics. However, the underlying mechanism of the difference in the prognosis of different primary tumor locations and the synergistic effect of prebiotics on chemotherapy need to be further elucidated. This study aims to explore the differences in tumor microbiota and examine the effectiveness of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on gut microbiota, adverse effects, and bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs in CRC patients at different primary tumor locations. METHODS This is a double-blinded, randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial. Participants with left-sided CRC (LSCRC, n = 50) and right-sided CC (RSCC, n = 50) will randomly allocated to prebiotic group (n = 25) or control group (n = 25) and will receive either a daily XOS (3 g/day) or placebo, respectively, for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the differences in the mucosa microbiota composition at different tumor locations and differences in gut microbiota composition, adverse effects, and blood concentration of capecitabine posttreatment. The secondary outcomes will include other blood indicators, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, quality of life, and mental health. DISCUSSION This study will reveal the potential benefits of prebiotic for improving the gut microbiota composition, alleviating the adverse effects, and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRC. In addition, this study will provide data on the different distribution of tumor microbiota and the different changes of gut microbiota during treatment in LSCRC and RSCC, which may provide novel insights into personalized cancer treatment strategies based on primary tumor locations and gut microbiota in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ): ChiCTR2100046237. Registered on 12 May 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaowei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chuanqing Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huaxiang Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dietary 1,3-β-Glucans Affect Growth, Breast Muscle Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Inflammatory Response, and Economic Efficiency in Broiler Chickens. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030751. [PMID: 36983906 PMCID: PMC10054407 DOI: 10.3390/life13030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, researchers have been intensively looking for novel, safe antibiotic alternatives because of the prevalence of many clinical and subclinical diseases affecting bird flocks and the risks of using antibiotics in subtherapeutic doses as feed additives. The present study intended to evaluate the potential use of 1,3-β-glucans (GLC) as antibiotic alternative growth promotors and assessed the effect of their dietary inclusion on the growth performance, carcass traits, chemical composition of breast muscles, economic efficiency, blood biochemical parameters, liver histopathology, antioxidant activity, and the proinflammatory response of broiler chickens. This study used 200 three-day-old ROSS broiler chickens (50 chicks/group, 10 chicks/replicate, with an average body weight of 98.71 ± 0.17 g/chick). They were assigned to four experimental groups with four dietary levels of GLC, namely 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg kg−1, for a 35-day feeding period. Birds fed diets containing GLC showed an identical different growth rate to the control group. However, the total feed intake (TFI) increased quadratically in the GLC50 and GLC100 groups as compared to that in the control group. GLC addition had no significant effect on the weights of internal and immune organs, except for a decrease in bursal weight in the GLC150 group (p = 0.01). Dietary GLC addition increased the feed cost and total cost at 50 and 100 mg kg−1 doses. The percentages of n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the breast muscle of broiler chickens fed GLC-supplemented diets increased linearly in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and the uric acid level were quadratically increased in the GLC150 group. The serum levels of total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, interleukin-1β, and interferon-gamma linearly increased, while the MDA level decreased in the GLC-fed groups in a dose-dependent manner. Normal histological characterization of different liver structures in the different groups with moderate round cells was noted as a natural immune response around the hepatic portal area. The different experimental groups showed an average percentage of positive immunostaining to the proinflammatory marker transforming growth factor-beta with an increase in the dose of GLC addition. The results suggest that GLC up to 100 mg kg−1 concentration can be used as a feed additive in the diets of broiler chickens and shows no adverse effects on their growth, dressing percentage, and internal organs. GLC addition in diets improves the antioxidant activity and immune response in birds. GLC help enrich the breast muscle with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Collapse
|
35
|
Rousta N, Aslan M, Yesilcimen Akbas M, Ozcan F, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ. Effects of fungal based bioactive compounds on human health: Review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7004-7027. [PMID: 36794421 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2178379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the first years of history, microbial fermentation products such as bread, wine, yogurt and vinegar have always been noteworthy regarding their nutritional and health effects. Similarly, mushrooms have been a valuable food product in point of both nutrition and medicine due to their rich chemical components. Alternatively, filamentous fungi, which can be easier to produce, play an active role in the synthesis of some bioactive compounds, which are also important for health, as well as being rich in protein content. Therefore, this review presents some important bioactive compounds (bioactive peptides, chitin/chitosan, β-glucan, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-carnitine, ergosterol and fructooligosaccharides) synthesized by fungal strains and their health benefits. In addition, potential probiotic- and prebiotic fungi were researched to determine their effects on gut microbiota. The current uses of fungal based bioactive compounds for cancer treatment were also discussed. The use of fungal strains in the food industry, especially to develop innovative food production, has been seen as promising microorganisms in obtaining healthy and nutritious food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Eswar K, Mukherjee S, Ganesan P, Kumar Rengan A. Immunomodulatory Natural Polysaccharides: An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
|
37
|
Kilburn-Kappeler LR, Aldrich CG. Evaluation of a yeast β-glucan blend in a pet food application to determine its impact on stool quality, apparent nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health when fed to dogs. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1125061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral supplementation of β-glucans may be able to improve the health of companion animals. However, little is understood regarding the effects of yeast β-glucan on diet processing and intestinal function. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine the carry through of yeast β-glucan during extruded diet production and its impact on diet utilization by dogs. Three diets were formulated to contain increasing levels of a yeast β-glucan blend at 0, 0.012 and 0.023% inclusion. Processing inputs were held constant during extrusion to allow for evaluation of output parameters and physical characteristics of kibble. Yeast β-glucan concentration was analyzed in extruded diets using the glucan enzymatic method, resulting in >100% recovery. Twenty-four Labrador Retrievers were assigned to one of three dietary groups of 8 dogs each with an equal distribution of sex and age. Dogs were fed dietary treatments for 24-d adaption followed by 4-d total fecal collection. Feces were scored on a 1-5 scale, with 1 representing liquid diarrhea and 5 hard pellet-like with a fecal score of 3.5-4 considered ideal. Fresh fecal samples were collected for analysis of short chain fatty acid concentrations. Apparent total tract digestibility was calculated by total fecal collection (TFC) and titanium (TI) marker methods. Data were analyzed using a mixed model procedure in software (version 9.4, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Dry bulk density, kibble diameter, and kibble length did not differ among dietary treatments. Intake was similar among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Dogs required about 26% more food than estimated [130*BWkg0.75] to maintain body weight among all treatments. Fecal score was not different (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments but was lower than ideal at an average of 2.6. Nutrient digestibility was not affected (P > 0.05) by inclusion of the yeast β-glucan. By method, the TFC procedure resulted in higher (P< 0.05) digestibility values when compared to the TI procedure. In addition, yeast β-glucan did not alter short or branched chain fatty acid proportions. Overall, processing parameters, physical characteristics of kibble, stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health in dogs were not affected by the yeast β-glucan blend.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bar-Dagan H, Gover O, Cohen NA, Vetvicka V, Rozenboim I, Schwartz B. Beta-glucans induce cellular immune training and changes in intestinal morphology in poultry. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1092812. [PMID: 36699331 PMCID: PMC9868956 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1092812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Beta-glucans are known as biological response modifiers due to their ability to activate the immune system. This research aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of feeding beta-glucans from various sources on the immune status and intestinal morphology of chickens. Methods To this end we used in vitro and in vivo set-ups. In the in vitro set-up the chicken macrophage cell line HD-11 was used to measure the response of the chicken immune cells to beta-glucans extracted from algae and mushrooms on immune-related gene expression and associated activities. Additionally, we conducted two in vivo experiments using either beta-glucans extracted from yeast or mix of yeast and mushrooms beta-glucans as part of the chicks feed in order to test their effects on the chick intestinal morphology. Results In the in vitro set-up exposure of HD-11 cells to a concentration of 1 mg/ml of algae and mushroom beta-glucans resulted in significantly higher expression of 6 genes (TNFα, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, and iNOS2) compared to control. The release of nitrite oxide (NO) to the medium after exposure of HD-11 cells to mushrooms or algae beta-glucans was significantly increased compared to control. Additionally, significantly increased phagocytosis activity was found after exposure of the cells to algae and mushroom beta-glucans. In the in vivo set-up we observed that the length of the villi and the number of goblet cells in the ileum and the jejunum in the beta-glucan fed chicks were significantly augmented compared to control, when the chicks were fed with either yeast or yeast and mushroom beta-glucans mix. Discussion In conclusion, dietary supplementation of poultry with beta-glucan exerts significant and positive effects on immune activity and the intestinal morphology in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Bar-Dagan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofer Gover
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalie Avital Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Israel Rozenboim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lessard M, Talbot G, Bergeron N, Lo Verso L, Morissette B, Yergeau É, Matte JJ, Bissonnette N, Blais M, Gong J, Wang Q, Quessy S, Guay F. Weaning diet supplemented with health-promoting feed additives influences microbiota and immune response in piglets challenged with Salmonella. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 255:110533. [PMID: 36563567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of micronutrients and feed additives to modulate intestinal microbiota and systemic and mucosal immune responses in weaned pigs infected with Salmonella. At weaning, 32 litters of 12 piglets each were allocated to four dietary treatments: 1) control diet (CTRL), 2) CTRL supplemented with chlortetracycline (ATB), 3) CTRL supplemented with a cocktail of feed additives (CKTL); and 4) CKTL diet containing bovine colostrum in replacement of spray-dry animal plasma (CKTL+COL). The CKTL supplement included cranberry extract, encapsulated carvacrol and yeast-derived products and an enriched selenium and vitamin premix. Three weeks after weaning, four pigs per litter were orally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Half of them were euthanized 3 days post-infection (dpi) and the other half, 7 dpi. The expression of IL6, TNF, IL8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), IFNG, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) and β-defensin 2 (DEFB2) showed a peaked response at 3 dpi (P < 0.05). Results also revealed that DEFB2 expression was higher at 3 dpi in CTRL and CKTL groups than in ATB (P = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively) while GPX2 gene was markedly increased at 3 and 7 dpi in pigs fed CKTL or CKTL+COL diet compared to CTRL pigs (P < 0.05). In piglets fed CKTL or CKTL+COL diet, intestinal changes in microbial communities were less pronounced after exposure to Salmonella compared to CTRL and progressed faster toward the status before Salmonella challenge (AMOVA P < 0.01). Furthermore, the relative abundance of several families was either up- or down-regulated in pigs fed CKTL or CKTL+COL diet after Salmonella challenge. In conclusion, weaning diet enriched with bovine colostrum, vitamins and mixture of feed additives mitigated the influence of Salmonella infection on intestinal microbial populations and modulate systemic and intestinal immune defences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lessard
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département de sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Nadia Bergeron
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Luca Lo Verso
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département de sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bruno Morissette
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J Matte
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Mylène Blais
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département de sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu Y, Liang M, Huang J, Fan Y, Long H, Chen Q, Ren Z, Wu C, Wang Y. Single-helical formyl β-glucan effectively deliver CpG DNA with poly(dA) to macrophages for enhanced vaccine effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:67-76. [PMID: 36336158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Single helical β-glucan is a one-dimensional host that can form a hybrid helix with DNAs/RNAs as delivery systems. However, unmodified β-glucan has a gelling tendency and a single helical conformation is challenging to obtain. Therefore, in this study, we developed a β-glucan formyl derivative with stable single helical conformation and no gelling tendency. Circular dichroism studies found that the formyl-β-glucan could form a hybrid helix with DNA CpG-poly(dA). The hybrid helix delivery system showed improved activation on antigen-presenting cells, thereby upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory factors, and had an immune-enhancing effect on ovalbumin (OVA) immunized mice. These results indicate that formyl-β-glucan can be developed as a non-cationic supramolecular DNA delivery platform with low toxicity and high efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Xu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minting Liang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yapei Fan
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyue Long
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunjie Chen
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoxi Wu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Walachowski S, Breyne K, Secher T, Cougoule C, Guzylack-Piriou L, Meyer E, Foucras G, Tabouret G. Oral supplementation with yeast β-glucans improves the resolution of Escherichia coli-associated inflammatory responses independently of monocyte/macrophage immune training. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1086413. [PMID: 36605196 PMCID: PMC9809295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1086413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Confronted with the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance, the development of alternative strategies to limit the use of antibiotics or potentiate their effect through synergy with the immune system is urgently needed. Many natural or synthetic biological response modifiers have been investigated in this context. Among them, β-glucans, a type of soluble or insoluble polysaccharide composed of a linear or branched string of glucose molecules produced by various cereals, bacteria, algae, and inferior (yeast) and superior fungi (mushrooms) have garnered interest in the scientific community, with not less than 10,000 publications over the last two decades. Various biological activities of β-glucans have been reported, such as anticancer, antidiabetic and immune-modulating effects. In vitro, yeast β-glucans are known to markedly increase cytokine secretion of monocytes/macrophages during a secondary challenge, a phenomenon called immune training. Methods Here, we orally delivered β-glucans derived from the yeast S. cerevisiae to mice that were further challenged with Escherichia coli. Results β-glucan supplementation protected the mice from E. coli intraperitoneal and intra-mammary infections, as shown by a lower bacterial burden and greatly diminished tissue damage. Surprisingly, this was not associated with an increased local immune response. In addition, granulocyte recruitment was transient and limited, as well as local cytokine secretion, arguing for faster resolution of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, ex-vivo evaluation of monocytes/macrophages isolated or differentiated from β-glucan-supplemented mice showed these cells to lack a trained response versus those from control mice. Conclusion In conclusion, dietary β-glucans can improve the outcome of Escherichia coli infections and dampen tissue damages associated to excessive inflammatory response. The mechanisms associated with such protection are not necessarily linked to immune system hyper-activation or immune training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Walachowski
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Secher
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France,Faculté de Médecine Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Guzylack-Piriou
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Ghent, Belgium Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gilles Foucras
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Tabouret
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France,*Correspondence: Guillaume Tabouret,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Menanteau-Ledouble S, Skov J, Lukassen MB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Haange SB, Dalsgaard I, von Bergen M, Nielsen JL. Modulation of gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and disease resistance by dietary β-glucan in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:58. [PMID: 36404315 PMCID: PMC9677660 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotics are known to have a positive impact on fish health and growth rate, and β-glucans are among the most used prebiotics on the market. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were treated with a β-1,3;1,6-glucan dietary supplement (at a dose of 0 g, 1 g, 10 g, and 50 g β-glucan per kg of feed). After 6 weeks, the effect of the β-glucan was evaluated by determining the changes in the microbiota and the blood serum metabolites in the fish. The impact of β-glucan on the immune system was evaluated through a challenge experiment with the bacterial fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. RESULTS The microbiota showed a significant change in terms of composition following β-glucan treatment, notably an increase in the relative abundance of members of the genus Aurantimicrobium, associated with a decreased abundance of the genera Carnobacterium and Deefgea. Furthermore, analysis of more than 200 metabolites revealed that the relative levels of 53 metabolites, in particular compounds related to phosphatidylcholines, were up- or downregulated in response to the dietary supplementation, this included the amino acid alanine that was significantly upregulated in the fish that had received the highest dose of β-glucan. Meanwhile, no strong effect could be detected on the resistance of the fish to the bacterial infection. CONCLUSIONS The present study illustrates the ability of β-glucans to modify the gut microbiota of fish, resulting in alteration of the metabolome and affecting fish health through the lipidome of rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Jakob Skov
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark ,grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mie Bech Lukassen
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inger Dalsgaard
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin von Bergen
- grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Soldo A, Miletic M. Durability against Wetting-Drying Cycles of Sustainable Biopolymer-Treated Soil. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194247. [PMID: 36236194 PMCID: PMC9570542 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The world today is more oriented towards sustainable and environmental-friendly solutions in every field of science, technology, and engineering. Therefore, novel sustainable and eco-friendly approaches for soil improvement have also emerged. One of the effective, promising, and green solutions is the utilization of biopolymers. However, even though the biopolymers proved to be effective in enhancing the soil-mechanical properties, it is still unknown how they behave under real environmental conditions, such as fluctuating temperatures, moisture, plants, microorganisms, to name a few. The main research aim is to investigate the durability of biopolymer-improved soil on the cyclic processes of wetting and drying. Two types of biopolymers (Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum), and two types of soils (clean sand and silty sand) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that some biopolymer-amended specimens kept more than 70% of their original mass during wetting-drying cycles. During the compressive strength analysis, some biopolymer-treated specimens kept up to 45% of their initial strength during seven wetting-drying cycles. Furthermore, this study showed that certain damaged soil-biopolymer bonds could be restored with proper treatment. Repeating the process of wetting and drying can reactivate the bonding properties of biopolymers, which amends the broken bonds in soil. The regenerative property of biopolymers is an important feature that should not be neglected. It gives a clearer picture of the biopolymer utilization and makes it a good option for rapid temporary construction or long-standing construction in the areas with an arid climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Soldo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Marta Miletic
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Effects of Autolyzed Yeast Supplementation in a High-Starch Diet on Rumen Health, Apparent Digestibility, and Production Variables of Lactating Holstein Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182445. [PMID: 36139305 PMCID: PMC9495083 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen multiparous rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were assigned to one of five treatments in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments were low-starch (LS) (22.8 ± 1% of dry matter; DM) without autolyzed yeast (AY; LS0, control), high-starch (HS) (31.2 ± 4% of DM) without AY (HS0), and HS with either 15 g (HS15), 30 g (HS30), or 45 g (HS45) of AY supplementation. Cows in HS0 had increased (p < 0.03) dry matter intake (DMI; 24.9 kg/d) and energy-corrected milk (ECM; 34.4 kg/d) compared to cows in LS0 (19.9 and 31.3 kg/d, respectively). There was a tendency for a quadratic treatment effect for feed efficiency (ECM/DMI, p = 0.07) and crude protein (CP) apparent digestibility (AD) (p = 0.09). Cows in HS45 tended (p = 0.09) to have increased DMI (25.6 kg/d) compared to cows in HS0 (24.9 kg/d). Cows in HS0 had greater (p < 0.04) milk protein nitrogen (N; 166 g/d) and microbial N production (161 g/d) than those in LS0 (140 and 138 g/d, respectively). In conclusion, the addition of AY tended to improve DMI, feed efficiency, and CP AD when cows were fed the HS diet.
Collapse
|
45
|
Effects of Dietary Yeast β-Glucan Supplementation on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota of Finishing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071340. [PMID: 35883831 PMCID: PMC9311933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast β-glucan is a natural antioxidant and has been reported to improve growth performance of piglets, but its application in improving pork quality is limited. This study investigated the effects of dietary yeast β-glucan supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota of finishing pigs. In a 40-day experiment, ninety finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 70.47 ± 0.04 kg) were randomly allocated into five treatments including a basal diet supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg yeast β-glucan. Results showed that yeast β-glucan significantly increased pH45 min (linear and quadratic, p < 0.01) and a*45 min (linear, p < 0.05), and reduced cooking loss (linear, p < 0.05) and drip loss (quadratic, p < 0.05) of meat in finishing pigs. Importantly, the 200 mg/kg group exhibited the highest values of pH45 min (p < 0.01) and the lowest values of drip loss (p < 0.05), accompanied by a decreased lactate content (p < 0.05) and glycolytic potential (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan markedly increased catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.01) activities in skeletal muscle. Moreover, WPS-2 abundance was decreased significantly in colonic digesta by 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan and exhibited a positive association with muscle lactate content and drip loss. Together, dietary 200 mg/kg yeast β-glucan supplementation effectively improved pH value and the water-holding capacity of fresh meat through reducing muscle postmortem glycolysis, increasing antioxidant capacity and altering the gut microbiota composition of finishing pigs.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lech M, Labus K. The methods of brewers’ spent grain treatment towards the recovery of valuable ingredients contained therein and comprehensive management of its residues. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
47
|
Yang YF, Li DW, Balamurugan S, Wang X, Yang WD, Li HY. Chrysolaminarin biosynthesis in the diatom is enhanced by overexpression of 1,6-β-transglycosylase. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
β-Glucans from Yeast—Immunomodulators from Novel Waste Resources. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are a large class of complex polysaccharides with bioactive properties, including immune modulation. Natural sources of these compounds include yeast, oats, barley, mushrooms, and algae. Yeast is abundant in various processes, including fermentation, and they are often discarded as waste products. The production of biomolecules from waste resources is a growing trend worldwide with novel waste resources being constantly identified. Yeast-derived β-glucans may assist the host’s defence against infections by influencing neutrophil and macrophage inflammatory and antibacterial activities. β-glucans were long regarded as an essential anti-cancer therapy and were licensed in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980 and new mechanisms of action of these molecules are constantly emerging. This paper outlines yeast β-glucans’ immune-modulatory and anti-cancer effects, production and extraction, and their availability in waste streams.
Collapse
|
49
|
Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Ahmad MZ, Patowary P, Das A. Immunomodulatory effect of mushrooms and their bioactive compounds in cancer: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
50
|
Oliveira-Brito PKM, de Campos GY, Guimarães JG, Serafim da Costa L, Silva de Moura E, Lazo-Chica JE, Roque-Barreira MC, da Silva TA. Adjuvant Curdlan Contributes to Immunization against Cryptococcus gattii Infection in a Mouse Strain-Specific Manner. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040620. [PMID: 35455369 PMCID: PMC9030172 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The low efficacy and side effects associated with antifungal agents have highlighted the importance of developing immunotherapeutic approaches to treat Cryptococcus gattii infection. We developed an immunization strategy that uses selective Dectin-1 agonist as an adjuvant. BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice received curdlan or β-glucan peptide (BGP) before immunization with heat-killed C. gattii, and the mice were infected with viable C. gattii on day 14 post immunization and euthanized 14 days after infection. Adjuvant curdlan restored pulmonary tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) levels, as induced by immunization with heat-killed C. gattii. The average area and relative frequency of C. gattii titan cells in the lungs of curdlan-treated BALB/c mice were reduced. However, this did not reduce the pulmonary fungal burden or decrease the i0,nflammatory infiltrate in the pulmonary parenchyma of BALB/c mice. Conversely, adjuvant curdlan induced high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the C. gattii burden in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice, which was not replicated in β-glucan peptide-treated mice. The adjuvant curdlan favors the control of C. gattii infection depending on the immune response profile of the mouse strain. This study will have implications for developing new immunotherapeutic approaches to treat C. gattii infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Kellen Martins Oliveira-Brito
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Gabriela Yamazaki de Campos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Júlia Garcia Guimarães
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Letícia Serafim da Costa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Edanielle Silva de Moura
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Javier Emílio Lazo-Chica
- Institute of Natural and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-189, MG, Brazil;
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
| | - Thiago Aparecido da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (P.K.M.O.-B.); (G.Y.d.C.); (J.G.G.); (E.S.d.M.); (M.C.R.-B.)
- Thiago Aparecido da Silva, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-3049
| |
Collapse
|