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Nikrad N, Hosseini B, Pakmehr A, Tousi AZ, Ardekani AM, Farhangi MA, Akhavan-Sigari R. Dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI), cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance among adults with obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:171. [PMID: 37568117 PMCID: PMC10416415 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, is a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Considering the previous evidence of the association between carbohydrate quality and cardiometabolic risk factors, our study was aimed to evaluate any possible association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 336 apparently healthy individuals with obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), including 168 food items validated for the Iranian population. CQI was calculated with three components of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates ratio, dietary fiber intake, and dietary glycemic index (GI). Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer and enzymatic methods were used to evaluate serum lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. RESULTS Subjects in the third quartile of CQI had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.01). Participants in the higher quartiles of CQI had more intake of energy, carbohydrates, fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and mono-saturated fatty acid (MUFA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was decreased in the second quartile of CQI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.146, P = 0.01) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, physical activity, socioeconomic status (SES) and energy intake. CONCLUSION According to our findings, a higher quality of dietary carbohydrates, determined by CQI, could be associated with a lower risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Nikrad
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azin Pakmehr
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Zahiri Tousi
- Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Farhadnejad H, Sadat S, Jahromi MK, Teymoori F, Tehrani AN, Mokhtari E, Teymouri H, Mirmiran P. The association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of insomnia in the adult population. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 36750913 PMCID: PMC9903533 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dietary pattern with a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) can be a precursor to sleep disorders that link to many chronic diseases. We aimed to assess the association of dietary GI and GL with the risk of insomnia in Iranian adults. METHODS A total of 111 newly diagnosed insomnia cases and 333 controls aged 18-60 years were included in this case-control study. The participants' dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The diagnosis of insomnia in subjects was performed by a neurologist using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for the potential confounders, were used to determine the risk of insomnia according to tertiles of dietary glycemic indices. RESULTS The mean (SD) age and BMI of the study population (78.6% female) were 31.8 (10.0) years and 24.70 (3.62) kg/m2, respectively. The median (IQR) of dietary GI and GL in subjects was 62.7 (57.0-68.6) and 213.5(167.4-268.5), respectively. Based on the multivariable-adjusted model, after controlling for age, sex, physical activity, obesity, smoking, socioeconomic score, general health questionnaire (GHQ) score, and dietary energy intake, the odds of insomnia were increased across tertiles of dietary GL[(OR:2.72,95%CI:1.10-6.70),(Ptrend = 0.017)], however, no significant association was observed between high GI diet and insomnia risk [(OR:1.38,95%CI:0.77-2.47),(Ptrend = 0.298)]. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that greater adherence to dietary pattern with high GL could be increased the odds of insomnia in Iranian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farhadnejad
- grid.411600.2Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XResearch Committee and Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Neshatbini Tehrani
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ,grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Teymouri
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Deputy for Health Affairs, Psychosocial Unit, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The Role of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in Mediating Genetic Susceptibility via MC4R s17782313 Genotypes to Affect Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Apparently Healthy Obese Individuals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3044545. [PMID: 36440355 PMCID: PMC9683967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3044545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The association of genetic and dietary factors with occurrence and progression of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) has long been addressed but there is a lack of evidence for complex interrelationships, including direct and indirect effects of these variables. Hence, this study is aimed at evaluating the mediating role of glycemic indices in the association of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 polymorphism, sociodemographic, and psychological factors with the risk of MetS in obese adults using structural equation modeling. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 287 apparently healthy adults. Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were calculated from a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MC4R s17782313 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Structural equation modeling was used to explore direct and indirect effects of genetic and nongenetic factors on MetS. Results MC4R gene variant was directly associated with the risk of MetS (B = 0.010; P = 0.023). On the other hand, this variant was found to be indirectly and positively associated with LDL-C (B = 6.589; P = 0.042) through mediatory effects of GI and GL. Moreover, GI and GL also mediated indirect positive effects of sex and age on LDL-C (B = 3.970; P ≤ 0.01; B = 0.878; P ≤ 0.01, respectively) and HDL (B = 2.203; P ≤ 0.01; B = 0.129; P ≤ 0.01, respectively). MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism had positive effects on GI (B = 1.577; P ≤ 0.01) and GL (B = 1.235; P ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Our data may state a hypothesis of the mediating effect of quantity and quality of carbohydrates consumed in relationship between genetic susceptibility to obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Further analyses should be carried out in high-quality cohort studies in order to confirm the findings.
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Physicochemical, rheological and digestibility characterization of starch extracted from the marine green macroalga Ulva ohnoi. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Askari M, Dehghani A, Abshirini M, Raeisi T, Alizadeh S. Glycemic index, but not glycemic load, is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome: Meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14295. [PMID: 33928722 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets with high glycemic index (GI) or high glycemic load (GL) have been linked to important risk factors associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as dyslipidemia, higher blood glucose, and insulin concentrations. However, the role of GI and GL in relation to Mets is still understudied and controversial. This review, therefore, assessed whether high GI or GL contribute to development of Mets. METHODS A systematic search of four bibliographic databases was conducted (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, and Scopus) from inception to January 2020 for observational studies assessing GI/GL in relation to MetS. Risk estimates were pooled using random-effect models for the highest versus lowest intake categories, and assessed for heterogeneity using subgroup analysis. The dose-response nature of the relationship was also investigated. Sensitivity analysis and Egger test were used to check the robustness of findings and the possibility of publication bias, respectively. RESULTS Data from 12 publications (one cohort study and eleven cross-sectional studies) with a total sample size of 36,295 subjects are included. The pooled effect sizes from the nine studies indicated high versus low dietary GI was associated with increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.09) (I2 = 58.1, P = .004). This finding was supported by all subgroup analyses except where studies used 24-h recalls for dietary assessment. Additionally, a linear dose-response investigation revealed that each 5-point increment in GI was associated with 2% increase in the risk of MetS (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.02); non-linear pattern was insignificant, however (p-nonlinearity = 0.63). Moreover, pooled effect sizes from ten studies suggested that no association was found between the GL and MetS with results remaining consistent in all subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION A diet with lower GI may protect against MetS. Nutrition policy and clinical practices should encourage a diet with low GI. Future studies should include both GI and GL and different criteria of MetS to provide a better comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Abshirini
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tahereh Raeisi
- Department of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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ÖZKARABULUT AH, RASHİDİ M, YILDIRIM G. Tip 2 Diyabetli Hastaların Beslenme Bilgi Düzeylerinin Ölçülmesi. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.910150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Zheng S, Li Z, Pan Z, Huang Z, Zhao J, Ai Z. Influence of three types of freezing methods on physicochemical properties and digestibility of starch in frozen unfermented dough. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mens Sana in Corpore Sano: Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102989. [PMID: 33003562 PMCID: PMC7599769 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in a wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, to cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations are applied to almost all diseases. Among such disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered to be putatively improved by diet interventions. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods and how they can affect various physiological functions. Several results have provided indications of the efficiency of low-glycemic index diets in weight management and insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving the glycemic index can provide new insights into the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize the main evidence on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.
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Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Are Not Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Lebanese Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051394. [PMID: 32414004 PMCID: PMC7284586 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were suggested to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to estimate dietary GI and GL in a sample of healthy Lebanese adults and examine their association with MetS and its individual abnormalities. The study uses data from a community-based survey of 501 Lebanese urban adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements were obtained. Subjects with previous diagnosis of chronic disease, metabolic abnormalities, or with incomplete data or implausible energy intakes were excluded, yielding a sample of 283. Participants were grouped into quartiles of GI and GL. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Average dietary GI and GL were estimated at 59.9 ± 8 and 209.7 ± 100.3. Participants belonging to the highest GI quartile were at increased risk of having MetS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.251, 95% CI:1.120–4.525) but this association lost significance with further adjustments. Those belonging to the second quartile of GI had significantly lower odds of having hyperglycemia (OR: 0.380, 95% CI:0.174–0.833). No associations were detected between GL and MetS. The study contributes to the body of evidence discussing the relationship between GI, GL, and MetS, in a nutrition transition context.
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Pereira JDAR, Barcelos MDFP, Ferreira EB, Pereira RC, de Angelis-Pereira MC. Changes in glucose levels and fecal excretion of lipids due to consumption of yacon flour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-12-2015-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
As studies investigating the effects of fructan sources, such as yacon, on glucose and lipid metabolism showed different results, additional research is required to establish a clear relationship between them. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate possible effects of the consumption of the yacon pulp flour (YPF) on biological and metabolic parameters such as food consumption, weight gain, serum glucose levels and fecal lipid excretion of rats, as well as determine the role of glycemic index (GI) of the diets added of this ingredient on those parameters.
Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, 24 male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups, which received the following treatments for 17 days: Group 1 (G1) (Control) – American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-M; Group 2 (G2) – AIN-M added 5 per cent YPF; Group 3 (G3) – AIN-M added 10 per cent YPF and Group 4 (G4) – AIN-M added 15 per cent YPF. Analysis of fasting and postprandial glycemia was conducted for elaboration of the glycemic curve and calculation of the GI of the diets. Lipids loss was measured by quantification of crude fat in feces after consumption of the diet.
Findings
YPF, regarding the concentration in the diets, did not elevate the fasting glucose among the groups. The postprandial glucose of the animals declined in different postprandial glucose peaks of the groups ingesting YPF in relation to the control one, especially in group treated with 15 per cent YPF, between 30 and 60 min (p <0,05), confirming the influence of the dietary fiber on the absorption of the glucose. The ingestion of YPF increased dragging of lipids to the animal feces, proportional to the amounts of YPF added to the diets. According to the regression analysis, followed by regression testing to 5 per cent, there was a significant difference between the experimental groups, being that the elevation of the percentage of YPF added to the diet caused a proportional increase in the lipid levels in the animal feces.
Originality/value
YPF could be an alimentary source of interest, mainly when the focus is on disease risk prevention such as diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemias.
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Mohammadifard N, Mansourian M, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Pourmoghaddas A, Yazdekhasti N, Sarrafzadegan N. Association of glycaemic index and glycaemic load with metabolic syndrome in an Iranian adult population: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program. Nutr Diet 2016; 74:61-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health School; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Firouzeh Sajjadi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Maryam Maghroun
- Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Ali Pourmoghaddas
- Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Narges Yazdekhasti
- Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
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Ekström LMNK, Björck IME, Östman EM. On the possibility to affect the course of glycaemia, insulinaemia, and perceived hunger/satiety to bread meals in healthy volunteers. Food Funct 2013; 4:522-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pereira IB, Sampaio HADC, Portela CLDM, Sabry MOD, Carioca AAF, Passos TU, Pinheiro LA, Melo MLPD. Associação entre índice glicêmico e carga glicêmica dietéticos e síndrome metabólica em idosos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232012000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre índice glicêmico (IG) e/ou carga glicêmica (CG) da dieta e síndrome metabólica (SM). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo documental e do tipo caso-controle, com uma amostra de 229 idosos. Calcularam-se o IG e a CG, classificando-os em adequado (baixo) e inadequado (moderado e alto). Calculou-se ainda a prevalência de consumo dos alimentos, consumidos por pelo menos metade dos avaliados. A análise estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio do teste c² e teste t de Student. Adotou-se p < 0,05 como nível de significância. RESULTADOS: Dos indivíduos estudados (n = 229), 74,2% pertenciam ao sexo feminino. A média de idade do grupo foi de 70,1 (6,4) anos. A média diária de IG do grupo caso foi de 62,3 (6,5), e do grupo controle de 62,1 (6,1), com p = 0,864. As médias diárias de CG não foram estatisticamente diferentes (p = 0,212), sendo a do grupo caso de 99,8 (33,8) e do grupo controle de 108,9 (45,7). Os alimentos consumidos tanto pelos casos como pelos controles, com maior contribuição ao IG, foram: pão, arroz, banana e açúcar refinado. CONCLUSÃO: No grupo avaliado, não houve associação entre índice glicêmico e carga glicêmica dietéticos e síndrome metabólica. O padrão identificado, no entanto, coloca portadores e não portadores em situação de risco à saúde, merecendo ações educativas.
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Del Olmo MI, Merino-Torres JF, Argente M, Ramos A, Navas MS, Campos V, Cámara R, Pérez-Lázaro A. Detection of glucose abnormalities in patients with acute coronary heart disease: study of reliable tools in clinical practice. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:71-6. [PMID: 21646857 DOI: 10.3275/7769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in patients with acute coronary syndrome and to assess the reliability of certain clinical or analytical variables to predict a pathologic result of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 3 months from discharge. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Prospective study of 102 patients admitted to the coronary care units. Patients were classified according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Three months after discharge, an OGTT was performed to non-diabetic patients. RESULTS Forty-six (45.1%) patients were identified as diabetic (5 previously undiagnosed) and 56 (54.9%) as non-diabetic. OGTT identified 22% of diabetes, 33% of impaired glucose tolerance, and 45% of normal glucose tolerance. Fasting glucose (r=0.55, p<0.001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=0.46, p<0.001), low HDL cholesterol (HDLc) levels (r=-0.34, p<0.02), waist-hip ratio (r=0.45, p<0.01), high systolic blood pressure (r=0.5, p<0.01), and presence of acute myocardial infarction (r=0.46, p<0.001) at admission resulted significant to predict a pathologic result of OGTT. CONCLUSIONS Glucose abnormalities are frequent in acute coronary syndrome patients. Certain clinical and analytical markers at admission such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, HDL-c<40 mg/dl, waist-hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure, are useful to recognize patients with a higher predisposition to present a pathologic result in OGTT at 3 months from discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Del Olmo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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van Schothorst EM, Bunschoten A, Verlinde E, Schrauwen P, Keijer J. Glycemic index differences of high-fat diets modulate primarily lipid metabolism in murine adipose tissue. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:942-9. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00042.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A low vs. high glycemic index of a high-fat (HF) diet (LGI and HGI, respectively) significantly retarded adverse health effects in adult male C57BL/6J mice, as shown recently (Van Schothorst EM, Bunschoten A, Schrauwen P, Mensink RP, Keijer J. FASEB J 23: 1092–1101, 2009). The LGI diet enhanced whole body insulin sensitivity and repressed HF diet-induced body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight gain, resulting in significantly reduced serum leptin and resistin levels and increased adiponectin levels. We questioned how WAT is modulated and characterized the molecular mechanisms underlying the glycemic index-mediated effects using whole genome microarrays. This showed that the LGI diet mainly exerts its beneficial effects via substrate metabolism, especially fatty acid metabolism. In addition, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton remodeling showed reduced expression, in line with lower WAT mass. An important transcription factor showing enhanced expression is PPAR-γ. Furthermore, serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were all significantly reduced by LGI diet, and simultaneously muscle insulin sensitivity was significantly increased as analyzed by protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation. Cumulatively, even though these mice were fed an HF diet, the LGI diet induced significantly favorable changes in metabolism in WAT. These effects suggest a partial overlap with pharmacological approaches by thiazolidinediones to treat insulin resistance and statins for hypercholesterolemia. It is therefore tempting to speculate that such a dietary approach might beneficially support pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance or hypercholesterolemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert M. van Schothorst
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen; and
| | - Annelies Bunschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen; and
| | - Eline Verlinde
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen; and
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen; and
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Stanhope KL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Vink RG, Schaefer EJ, Nakajima K, Schwarz JM, Beysen C, Berglund L, Keim NL, Havel PJ. Metabolic responses to prolonged consumption of glucose- and fructose-sweetened beverages are not associated with postprandial or 24-h glucose and insulin excursions. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:112-9. [PMID: 21613559 PMCID: PMC3127512 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been shown to be associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It has been proposed that adverse metabolic effects of chronic consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages are a consequence of increased circulating glucose and insulin excursions, ie, dietary glycemic index (GI). OBJECTIVE We determined whether the greater adverse effects of fructose than of glucose consumption were associated with glucose and insulin exposures. DESIGN The subjects were studied in a metabolic facility and consumed energy-balanced diets containing 55% of energy as complex carbohydrate for 2 wk (GI = 64). The subjects then consumed 25% of energy requirements as fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverages along with their usual ad libitum diets for 8 wk at home and then as part of energy-balanced diets for 2 wk at the metabolic facility (fructose GI = 38, glucose GI = 83). The 24-h glucose and insulin profiles and fasting plasma glycated albumin and fructosamine concentrations were measured 0, 2, 8, and 10 wk after beverage consumption. RESULTS Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages lowered glucose and insulin postmeal peaks and the 23-h area under the curve compared with the baseline diet and with the consumption of glucose-sweetened beverages (all P < 0.001, effect of sugar). Plasma glycated albumin concentrations were lower 10 wk after fructose than after glucose consumption (P < 0.01, effect of sugar), whereas fructosamine concentrations did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the specific effects of fructose, but not of glucose and insulin excursions, contribute to the adverse effects of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages on lipids and insulin sensitivity. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01165853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Kitahara CM. Low-glycemic load diets: how does the evidence for prevention of disease measure up? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 110:1818-9. [PMID: 21111091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutesof Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Duruöz MT, Turan Y, Gürgan A, Deveci H. Evaluation of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic low back pain. Rheumatol Int 2010; 32:663-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Vrolix R, Mensink RP. Effects of glycemic load on metabolic risk markers in subjects at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92:366-74. [PMID: 20504977 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that diets with a low glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) are associated with a decreased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Intervention studies are inconsistent, however, possibly due to differences in macronutrient and fiber compositions of the experimental diets. OBJECTIVE We tested side-by-side test foods with similar macronutrient and fiber compositions but with different sucrose-flour ratios or carbohydrate source to determine the effects of different GIs and GLs on metabolic risk markers in overweight subjects. DESIGN Overweight men (n = 9) and women (n = 6) received in random order for 11 wk 4 test foods with an increased GI or a decreased GI (69 compared with 40, 86 compared with 48, 63 compared with 37, and 51 compared with 20, respectively). There was a GL difference of 32 units between the 2 interventions. RESULTS At the end of the 11-wk intervention periods, the decreased GL test foods did not change fasting plasma glucose (mean +/- SD: 5.83 +/- 0.6 compared with 5.94 +/- 0.6 mmol/L) or insulin (8.3 +/- 2.8 compared with 9.8 +/- 5.1 mU/L) concentrations compared with increased GL test foods. Serum total cholesterol (5.56 +/- 0.90 compared with 5.76 +/- 1.04 mmol/L), LDL-cholesterol (3.57 +/- 0.72 compared with 3.68 +/- 0.80 mmol/L), HDL-cholesterol (1.21 +/- 0.38 compared with 1.24 +/- 0.37 mmol/L), and triacylglycerol (1.61 +/- 0.77 compared with 1.78 +/- 1.04 mmol/L) concentrations were also not significantly different for decreased and increased GL test foods, respectively. Finally, proinflammatory (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and prothrombotic (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) markers were not affected. Glucose and lipids were also analyzed after 1 and 5 wk of intervention and were not affected by the intervention. CONCLUSION When incorporated into a habitual diet, consumption of test foods with a decreased GL does not ameliorate metabolic risk markers in overweight subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Vrolix
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S, Behrooz J, Zare M. Relationship between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition 2010; 26:986-92. [PMID: 20624672 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary habits have been associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and limited data are available in this field for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. This study focused on the association between major dietary patterns and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done in 425 subjects 35 to 55 y of age. Dietary data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, triacylglycerols, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured and metabolic syndrome was defined based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. RESULTS Five major dietary patterns were found: a western pattern (high in sweets, butter, soda, mayonnaise, sugar, cookies, tail of a lamb, hydrogenated fat, and eggs), a prudent pattern (high in fish, peas, honey, nuts, juice, dry fruits, vegetable oil, liver and organic meat, and coconuts and low in hydrogenated fat and non-leafy vegetables), a vegetarian pattern (high in potatoes, legumes, fruits rich in vitamin C, rice, green leafy vegetables, and fruits rich in vitamin A), a high-fat dairy pattern (high in high-fat yogurt and high-fat milk and low in low-fat yogurt, peas, and bread), and a chicken and plant pattern (high in chicken, fruits rich in vitamin A, green leafy vegetables, and mayonnaise and low in beef, liver, and organic meat). After adjusting for confounding variables, the western pattern was associated with greater odds of having increased triacylglycerol (odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.07) and blood pressure (odds ratio 2.62, 95% confidence interval 1.32-5.23). The prudent pattern was positively associated with a prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.96). The vegetarian dietary pattern was inversely associated with a risk of an abnormal fasting blood glucose level (odds ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.25-4.06). CONCLUSION Major dietary patterns were significantly associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Amini
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Schiltz B, Minich DM, Lerman RH, Lamb JJ, Tripp ML, Bland JS. A Science-Based, Clinically Tested Dietary Approach for the Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009; 7:187-92. [PMID: 19450142 DOI: 10.1089/met.2008.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schiltz
- Functional Medicine Research Center, MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, Washington
| | - Deanna M. Minich
- Functional Medicine Research Center, MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, Washington
| | - Robert H. Lerman
- Functional Medicine Research Center, MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, Washington
| | - Joseph J. Lamb
- Functional Medicine Research Center, MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, Washington
| | - Matthew L. Tripp
- Functional Medicine Research Center, MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, Washington
| | - Jeffrey S. Bland
- Functional Medicine Research Center, MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, Washington
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Vidurrizaga-De Amezaga CA, Zulet MA, Marti A, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Martinez JA. The Mediterranean food pattern: a good recipe for patients with the metabolic syndrome. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-008-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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