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Sangma JT, Renthlei Z, Trivedi AK. Bright daylight produces negative effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in nocturnal rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112885. [PMID: 38460431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The daily light/dark cycle affects animals' learning, memory, and cognition. Exposure to insufficient daylight illumination negatively impacts emotion and cognition, leading to seasonal affective disorder characterized by depression, anxiety, low motivation, and cognitive impairment in diurnal animals. However, how this affects memory, learning, and cognition in nocturnal rodents is largely unknown. Here, we studied the effect of daytime light illuminance on memory, learning, cognition, and expression of mRNA levels in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, the higher-order learning centers. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, rats were exposed to 12 L:12D (12 h light and 12 h dark) with a 10, 100, or 1000 lx daytime light illuminance. After 30 days, various behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, and passive avoidance test) were performed. In experiment 2, rats since birth were raised either under constant bright light (250 lx; LL) or a daily light-dark cycle (12 L:12D). After four months, behavioral tests (novel object recognition test, hole board test, elevated plus maze test, radial arm maze, passive avoidance test, Morris water maze, and Y-maze tests) were performed. At the end of experiments, rats were sampled, and mRNA expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf), Tyrosine kinase (Trk), microRNA132 (miR132), Neurogranin (Ng), Growth Associated Protein 43 (Gap-43), cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (Crebp), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β), and Tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) were measured in the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus of individual rats. Our results show that exposure to bright daylight (100 and 1000 lx; experiment 1) or constant light (experiment 2) compromises memory, learning, and cognition. Suppressed expression levels of these mRNA were also observed in the hypothalamus, cortex, and thalamus. These results suggest that light affects differently to different groups of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Sangma
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
| | | | - Amit K Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India.
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Denaroso GE, Smith Z, Angeliu CG, Cheli VT, Wang C, Paez PM. Deletion of voltage-gated calcium channels in astrocytes decreases neuroinflammation and demyelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:263. [PMID: 37964385 PMCID: PMC10644533 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis was used in combination with a Cav1.2 conditional knock-out mouse (Cav1.2KO) to study the role of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca++ channels in autoimmune CNS inflammation and demyelination. Cav1.2 channels were specifically ablated in Glast-1-positive astrocytes by means of the Cre-lox system before EAE induction. After immunization, motor activity was assessed daily, and a clinical score was given based on the severity of EAE symptoms. Cav1.2 deletion in astrocytes significantly reduced the severity of the disease. While no changes were found in the day of onset and peak disease severity, EAE mean clinical score was lower in Cav1.2KO animals during the chronic phase of the disease. This corresponded to better performance on the rotarod and increased motor activity in Cav1.2KO mice. Furthermore, decreased numbers of reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and infiltrating lymphocytes were found in the lumbar section of the spinal cord of Cav1.2KO mice 40 days after immunization. The degree of myelin protein loss and size of demyelinated lesions were also attenuated in Cav1.2KO spinal cords. Similar results were found in EAE animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca++ channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS. Mice injected with nimodipine during the acute and chronic phases of the disease exhibited lower numbers of reactive astrocytes, activated microglial, and infiltrating immune cells, as well as fewer demyelinated lesions in the spinal cord. These changes were correlated with improved clinical scores and motor performance. In summary, these data suggest that antagonizing Cav1.2 channels in astrocytes during EAE alleviates neuroinflammation and protects the spinal cord from autoimmune demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Denaroso
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Z Smith
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - C G Angeliu
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - V T Cheli
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - C Wang
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - P M Paez
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Synthetic Mono-Carbonyl Curcumin Analogues Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102597. [PMID: 36289859 PMCID: PMC9599840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia associated with short-term memory loss and impaired cognition and, worldwide, it is a growing health issue. A number of therapeutic strategies have been studied to design and develop an effective anti-Alzheimer drug. Curcumin has a wide spectrum of biological properties. In this regard, the antioxidant potentials of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues (h1−h5) were investigated using in vitro antioxidant assays and hippocampal-based in vivo mouse models such as light−dark box, hole board, and Y-maze tests. In the in vitro assay, mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues h2 and h3 with methoxy and chloro-substituents, respectively, showed promising 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging activities. In the in vivo studies, scopolamine administration significantly (p < 0.001) induced oxidative stress and memory impairment in mice, in comparison to the normal control group. The pretreatment with mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues, specifically h2 and h3, significantly decreased (123.71 ± 15.23 s (p < 0.001), n = 8; 156.53 ± 14.13 s (p < 0.001), n = 8) the duration of time spent in the light chamber and significantly enhanced (253.95 ± 19.05 s (p < 0.001), n = 8, and 239.57 ± 9.98 s (p < 0.001), n = 8) the time spent in the dark compartment in the light−dark box arena. The numbers of hole pokings were significantly (p < 0.001, n = 8) enhanced in the hole board test and substantially increased the percent spontaneous alternation performance (SAP %) in the Y-maze mouse models in comparison to the stress control group. In the biomarker analysis, the significant reduction in the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level and enhanced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) activities in the brain hippocampus reveal their antioxidant and memory enhancing potentials. However, further research is needed to find out the appropriate mechanism of reducing oxidative stress in pathological models.
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Ayaz M, Anwar F, Saleem U, Shahzadi I, Ahmad B, Mir A, Ismail T. Parkinsonism Attenuation by Antihistamines via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress, Histamine, and Inflammation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14772-14783. [PMID: 35557705 PMCID: PMC9088957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the motor activity of the brain, regulated by dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra, resulting in an increased density of histaminergic fibers. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of H1 antagonist's ebastine and levocetirizine in PD per se and in combination. Animals were divided into 9 groups (n = 10). Group 1 received carboxymethyl cellulose CMC (1 mL/kg). Group II was treated with haloperidol (1 mg/kg) (diseased group). Group III was treated with levodopa/carbidopa (levo 20 mg/kg). Groups IV and V were treated with ebastine at dose levels of 2 and 4 mg/kg, respectively. Groups VI and VII were treated with levocetirizine at dose levels of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VIII was treated with ebastine (4 mg/kg) + levo (20 mg/kg) in combination. Group IX was treated with levocetirizine (1 mg/kg) + levo (20 mg/kg). PD was induced with haloperidol (1 mg/kg iv, once daily for 23 days) for a duration of 30 min. Behavioral tests like rotarod, block and triple horizontal bars, actophotometer, and open field were performed. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress, i.e., SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA, dopamine, serotonin, and nor-adrenaline and nitrite, were determined. Histamine, mRNA expression of α-synuclein, and TNF-α level in the serum and brain of mice were analyzed. Endogenous biochemical markers were increased except mRNA expression of α-synuclein, which was reduced. In combination therapy with the standard drug, ebastine (4 mg/kg) significantly improved the cataleptic state and dopamine levels, but no significant difference in the renal and liver functioning tests was observed. This study concluded that ebastine (4 mg/kg) might work in the treatment of PD as it improves the cataleptic state in haloperidol-induced catalepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Ayaz
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- . Tel: +92-3338883251
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College
University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department
of Biotechnology, COMSAT University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Mir
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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Ghias M, Shah SWA, Al-Joufi FA, Shoaib M, Shah SMM, Ahmed MN, Zahoor M. In Vivo Antistress Effects of Synthetic Flavonoids in Mice: Behavioral and Biochemical Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041402. [PMID: 35209189 PMCID: PMC8879959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural flavonoids, in addition to some of their synthetic derivatives, are recognized for their remarkable medicinal properties. The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antistress effect of synthetic flavonoids (flavones and flavonols) in mice, where stress was induced by injecting acetic acid and physically through swimming immobilization. Among the synthesized flavones (F1–F6) and flavonols (OF1–OF6), the mono para substituted methoxy containing F3 and OF3 exhibited maximum scavenging potential against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) with IC50 of 31.46 ± 1.46 μg/mL and 25.54 ± 1.21 μg/mL, respectively. Minimum antioxidant potential was observed for F6 and OF6 with IC50 values of 174.24 ± 2.71 μg/mL and 122.33 ± 1.98 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison with tocopherol. The ABTS scavenging activity of all the synthesized flavones and flavonols were significantly higher than observed with DPPH assay, indicating their potency as good antioxidants and the effectiveness of ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assay in evaluating antioxidant potentials of chemical substances. The flavonoids-treated animals showed a significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, n = 8) reduction in the number of writhes and an increase in swimming endurance time. Stressful conditions changed plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which were used as markers when evaluating stress in animal models. The level of these markers was nearly brought to normal when pre-treated with flavones and flavonols (10 mg/kg) for fifteen days in experimental animals. These compounds also considerably reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), which was significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, n = 8) compared to the control group. A significant rise in the level of catalase and SOD (super oxide dismutase) was also observed in the treated groups. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Additionally, the flavonoids markedly altered the weight of the adrenal glands, spleen and brain in stress-induced mice. The findings of the study suggest that these flavonoids could be used as a remedy for stress and are capable of ameliorating diverse physiological and biochemical alterations associated with stressful conditions. However, further experiments are needed to confirm the observed potentials in other animal models, especially in those with a closer resemblance to humans. Toxicological evaluations are also equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.G.); (S.W.A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.G.); (S.W.A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Fakhria A. Al-Joufi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.G.); (S.W.A.S.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or
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Al Za'abi M, Ali BH, Al Suleimani Y, Al-Zakwani I, Al-Fulaiti B, Manoj P, Nemmar A. The Effects of Furosemide on Behavioral and Hormonal Parameters in Male and Female Mice Subjected to Immobilization and Cold-Water Stress. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:637-643. [PMID: 34262362 PMCID: PMC8274823 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s305770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diuretic agent furosemide (FUR, 25 and 50 mg/kg) has been shown in a single report to act as an anti-stressor agent in two models of acute stress in mice, viz. electric foot-shock stress and immobilization (IMS). The present work aimed to investigate the possible anti-stressor action of FUR on two models of acute stress in mice, cold-water stress (CWS) and IMS, and tried to determine whether gender has any impact on the effect of FUR. Methods FUR (40 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and after 30 minutes, mice were subjected to CWS (4°C for three minutes) or IMS (fixing movement for two and a half hrs using adhesive tape). Motor and exploratory activities, neuromuscular coordination, and thermal nociception were then tested. Blood was collected from the mice and used to measure the concentrations of three stress hormones (corticosterone, epinephrine and prolactin). Results Mice subjected to CWS and IMS had significantly reduced motor and exploratory activities, neuromuscular coordination, and increased nociception. CWS and IMS also significantly increased the plasma concentrations of the three hormones. FUR pretreatment significantly mitigated these stress-induced hormonal changes. There was no significant sex difference when CWS or IMS was applied. Discussion IMS and CWS stimuli in male and female mice caused significant elevations in the plasma concentrations of corticosterone, epinephrine, and prolactin, accompanied by a significant reduction of motor and exploratory activities, neuromuscular coordination, and thermal nociception. There were no sex differences when IMS was applied. In stressed mice, prior administration of FUR (40 mg/kg) significantly decreased the concentrations of stress hormones, and this effect significantly mitigated the stress-induced behavioural and motor changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Za'abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yousuf Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Balqees Al-Fulaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Donaire R, Papini MR, Torres C. Effects of alcohol consumption induced by reward loss on behavior in the hole-board test. Behav Processes 2020; 176:104135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar M, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Exploring the anti-stress effects of imatinib and tetrabenazine in cold-water immersion-induced acute stress in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1625-1634. [PMID: 32291496 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the ameliorative role of imatinib and tetrabenazine in acute stress-induced behavioural and biochemical changes in mice. Cold-water immersion (5 min duration) was employed to induce acute stress and the resulting changes in the locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour, motor activity and social behaviour were assessed using the actophotometer, the hole board, the open field and the social interaction tests. The biochemical alterations were assessed by measuring the plasma corticosterone levels using ELISA kit. Cold-water immersion-induced acute stress diminished the locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour, motor activity and social behaviour along with increase in the plasma corticosterone levels. Administration of imatinib (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly attenuated the cold-water immersion-induced behavioural alterations with normalization of the plasma corticosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, administration of tetrabenazine (1 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.), a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, also abolished the acute stress-induced behavioural and biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner. The beneficial effects of imatinib and tetrabenazine in normalizing acute stress-induced biochemical and behavioural changes make them promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute stress-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Deletion of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Astrocytes during Demyelination Reduces Brain Inflammation and Promotes Myelin Regeneration in Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3332-3347. [PMID: 32169969 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1644-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether Cav1.2 voltage-gated Ca2+ channels contribute to astrocyte activation, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the Cav1.2 α subunit was deleted in GFAP-positive astrocytes. This astrocytic Cav1.2 knock-out mouse was tested in the cuprizone model of myelin injury and repair which causes astrocyte and microglia activation in the absence of a lymphocytic response. Deletion of Cav1.2 channels in GFAP-positive astrocytes during cuprizone-induced demyelination leads to a significant reduction in the degree of astrocyte and microglia activation and proliferation in mice of either sex. Concomitantly, the production of proinflammatory factors such as TNFα, IL1β and TGFβ1 was significantly decreased in the corpus callosum and cortex of Cav1.2 knock-out mice through demyelination. Furthermore, this mild inflammatory environment promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells maturation and myelin regeneration across the remyelination phase of the cuprizone model. Similar results were found in animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca2+ channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS. Mice of either sex injected with nimodipine during the demyelination stage of the cuprizone treatment displayed a reduced number of reactive astrocytes and showed a faster and more efficient brain remyelination. Together, these results indicate that Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels play a crucial role in the induction and proliferation of reactive astrocytes during demyelination; and that attenuation of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca2+ influx may be an effective therapy to reduce brain inflammation and promote myelin recovery in demyelinating diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reducing voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in astrocytes during brain demyelination significantly attenuates brain inflammation and astrocyte reactivity. Furthermore, these changes promote myelin restoration and oligodendrocyte maturation throughout remyelination.
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Kaur R, Jaggi AS, Bali A. Investigating the role of nitric oxide in stress adaptive process in electric foot shock stress-subjected mice. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:116-127. [PMID: 32083948 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1733560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was designed to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the non-development of stress adaptation in high-intensity foot-shock stress (HIFS) subjected mice. METHODS Mice were subjected to low-intensity shocks (LIFS i.e. 0.5 mA) or HIFS (1.5 mA) for 5 days. Stress-induced behavioral changes were assessed by actophotometer, hole board, open field and social interaction tests. Biochemically, the serum corticosterone levels were measured as a marker of stress. L-arginine (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), as NO donor, and L-NAME (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg), as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, were employed as pharmacological agents. RESULTS A single exposure of LIFS and HIFS produced behavioral and biochemical alterations. However, there was the restoration of behavioral and biochemical alterations on 5th day in response to repeated LIFS exposure suggesting the development of stress adaptation. However, no stress adaptation was observed in HIFS subjected mice. Administration of L-arginine (300 mg/kg) abolished the stress adaptive response in LIFS-subjected mice, while L-NAME (30 mg/kg) induced the development of stress adaptation in HIFS subjected mice. CONCLUSION It is concluded that an increase in the NO release may possibly impede the process of stress adaptation in HIFS-subjected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmacology, Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
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Pahwa P, Goel RK. Antidepressant-like effect of a standardized hydroethanolic extract of Asparagus adscendens in mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2019; 51:98-108. [PMID: 31142945 PMCID: PMC6533926 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_116_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Asparagus adscendens Roxb. (Liliaceae), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used as an aphrodisiac and brain tonic in Asian countries. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of standardized hydroethanolic extract of A. adscendens root and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice administered with vehicle, imipramine (15 mg/kg/day; i.p.), and A. adscendens extract (AAE) (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day; i.p.) for 14 days were subjected to behavioral tests including forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open-field test (OFT) on the 14th day. In order to explore the underlying mechanism behind an antidepressant effect of AAE, the brain monoamine levels, oxidative stress parameters, and serum corticosterone levels were monitored. RESULTS: Our results indicated that pretreatment of AAE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for 14 days statistically significantly (P < 0.01) demonstrated antidepressant-like effect as evidenced by reduced immobility time in both FST (105, 78.6, and 53.6 s) and TST (97.6, 73.5, and 54.67 s), with no significant change in spontaneous locomotor activities as observed in OFT. Further, the behavioral improvement was supported by the statistically significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced levels of monoamines and reduced corticosterone level along with amelioration of oxidative stress in AAE-treated animals as compared to vehicle control group. Conclusion: Our findings clearly demonstrated the antidepressant-like effect of AAE, which might have been mediated through the modulation of monoaminergic system and by regulating hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis with amelioration of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pahwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Kaur S, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Opening of T-type Ca2+ channels and activation of HCN channels contribute in stress adaptation in cold water immersion stress-subjected mice. Life Sci 2019; 232:116605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wang X, Wang H, Li H. Inhibition of iNOS ameliorates traumatic stress-induced deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:413-418. [PMID: 30125872 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by cognitive deficits including impaired explicit memory. Nitric oxide (NO), which is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been considered to modulate learning and memory. In current study, we evaluated the role of NOS in the mouse model of PTSD. We established the immobilization (IMO) mouse model of PTSD and analyzed mice behavior, NOS expression and hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission after immobilization. We inhibited iNOS by applying of iNOS inhibitor 1400 W and monitored the effect of iNOS inhibition by 1400 W in IMO mice. IMO induced iNOS expression and resulted in abnormal behavior and deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory in mice. Inhibition of iNOS rescued abnormal hippocampal long-term potentiation and abnormal behavior in IMO mice. Inhibition of iNOS ameliorates traumatic stress-induced deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wanpingnan Road #600, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wanpingnan Road #600, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Wanpingnan Road #600, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Improving effect of mild foot electrical stimulation on pentylenetetrazole-induced impairment of learning and memory. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 84:83-87. [PMID: 29754109 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects learning and memory. Recently it has been shown that mild foot electrical stimulation (MFES) can increase learning and memory in normal rats. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling is a model of human epilepsy. As with human epilepsy, PTZ kindling impairs learning and memory in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect MFES on kindling-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. Forty-nine male Wistar rats weighting 200 to 250 g were divided into the following seven groups: PTZ only, phenytoin only, MFES only, PTZ plus phenytoin, PTZ plus MFES, phenytoin plus MFES, and saline (control), with the treatments administered for 26 days. Forty-eight hours after the last injection, the animals performed the Morris water maze (MWM) task, and spatial learning and memory were measured. The results indicated that although chronic administration of phenytoin inhibited the development of PTZ kindling, it did not exert a protective effect against kindling-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in rats. On the other hand, pretreatment of PTZ-kindled animals with MFES significantly improved spatial working and reference memory. The results point to potential novel beneficial effects of MFES on learning and memory impairment induced by PTZ kindling in rats.
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15
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Michels S, Ganjam GK, Martins H, Schratt GM, Wöhr M, Schwarting RKW, Culmsee C. Downregulation of the psychiatric susceptibility gene Cacna1c promotes mitochondrial resilience to oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:54. [PMID: 29760952 PMCID: PMC5945680 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness and their etiologies involve complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Over the past ten years, several genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified CACNA1C as one of the strongest genetic risk factors for the development of affective disorders. However, its role in disease pathogenesis is still largely unknown. Vulnerability to affective disorders also involves diverse environmental risk factors such as perinatal insults, childhood maltreatment, and other adverse pathophysiological or psychosocial life events. At the cellular level, such environmental influences may activate oxidative stress pathways, thereby altering neuronal plasticity and function. Mitochondria are the key organelles of energy metabolism and, further, highly important for the adaptation to oxidative stress. Accordingly, multiple lines of evidence including post-mortem brain and neuro-imaging studies suggest that psychiatric disorders are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effects of Cacna1c downregulation in combination with glutamate-induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial function, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell viability in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. We found that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cacna1c preserved mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels after glutamate treatment. Further, Cacna1c silencing inhibited excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation and calcium influx, and protected the HT22 cells from oxidative cell death. Overall, our findings suggest that the GWAS-confirmed psychiatric risk gene CACNA1C plays a major role in oxidative stress pathways with particular impact on mitochondrial integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Michels
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Goutham K Ganjam
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Helena Martins
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,3Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Systems Neuroscience, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard M Schratt
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,3Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Systems Neuroscience, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wöhr
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,4Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- 2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,4Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- 1Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,2Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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16
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Pegylated nanoparticles for the oral delivery of nimodipine: Pharmacokinetics and effect on the anxiety and cognition in mice. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:245-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Bali A, Jaggi AS. Anti-stress effects of a GSK-3β inhibitor, AR-A014418, in immobilization stress of variable duration in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:315-325. [PMID: 28590916 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to explore the anti-stress role of AR-A014418, a selective glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor (GSK-3β), on changes provoked by immobilization stress of varying duration. METHODS Acute stress of varying degree was induced by subjecting mice to immobilization stress of short duration (30 min) or long duration (120 min). Thereafter, these animals were exposed to the same stressor for 5 days to induce stress adaptation. The behavioral alterations were assessed using an actophotometer, a hole-board, and the open field and social interaction tests. The serum corticosterone levels were assessed as markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The levels of total GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β-S9 were determined in the prefrontal cortex. RESULTS A single exposure to short or long immobilization stress produced behavioral and biochemical changes and the levels of p-GSK-3β-S9 decreased without affecting the total GSK-3β levels in the brain. However, repeated exposure to both short and long stress reversed the behavioral and biochemical changes along with the normalization of p-GSK-3β-S9 levels. The administration of AR-A014418, a selective GSK-3β inhibitor, diminished acute stress-induced behavioral and biochemical changes. Furthermore, AR-A014418 normalized acute stress-induced alterations in p-GSK-3β-S9 levels without changing total GSK-3β levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that acute stress-induced decrease in p-GSK-3β-S9 levels in the brain contributes to the development of behavioral and biochemical alterations and the normalization of GSK-3β signaling may contribute to stress adaptive behavior in mice which have been subjected to repeated immobilization stress.
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18
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Hwang GS, Chen CC, Chou JC, Chang LL, Kan SF, Lai WH, Lieu FK, Hu S, Wang PS, Wang SW. Stimulatory Effect of Intermittent Hypoxia on the Production of Corticosterone by Zona Fasciculata-Reticularis Cells in Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9035. [PMID: 28831034 PMCID: PMC5567345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia (IH) have known to alter both synthesis and secretion of hormones. However, the effect of IH on the production of adrenal cortical steroid hormones is still unclear. The aim of present study was to explore the mechanism involved in the effect of IH on the production of corticosterone by rat ZFR cells. Male rats were exposed at 12% O2 and 88% N2 (8 hours per day) for 1, 2, or 4 days. The ZFR cells were incubated at 37 °C for 1 hour with or without ACTH, 8-Br-cAMP, calcium ion channel blockers, or steroidogenic precursors. The concentration of plasma corticosterone was increased time-dependently by administration of IH hypoxia. The basal levels of corticosterone production in cells were higher in the IH groups than in normoxic group. IH resulted in a time-dependent increase of corticosterone production in response to ACTH, 8-Br-cAMP, progesterone and deoxycorticosterone. The production of pregnenolone in response to 25-OH-C and that of progesterone in response to pregnenolone in ZFR cells were enhanced by 4-day IH. These results suggest that IH in rats increases the secretion of corticosterone via a mechanism at least in part associated with the activation of cAMP pathway and steroidogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guey-Shyang Hwang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33378, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Chun Chou
- Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40254, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Kan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ho Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 11212, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Kong Lieu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 11212, Taiwan
| | - Sindy Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33378, Taiwan
| | - Paulus S Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shyi-Wu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33378, Taiwan.
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19
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Schampel A, Volovitch O, Koeniger T, Scholz CJ, Jörg S, Linker RA, Wischmeyer E, Wunsch M, Hell JW, Ergün S, Kuerten S. Nimodipine fosters remyelination in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis and induces microglia-specific apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3295-E3304. [PMID: 28381594 PMCID: PMC5402421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620052114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous interest in multiple sclerosis (MS) research, there is still a lack of neuroprotective strategies, because the main focus has remained on modulating the immune response. Here we performed in-depth analysis of neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in in vitro studies regarding the effect of the well-established L-type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine. Nimodipine treatment attenuated clinical EAE and spinal cord degeneration and promoted remyelination. Surprisingly, we observed calcium channel-independent effects on microglia, resulting in apoptosis. These effects were cell-type specific and irrespective of microglia polarization. Apoptosis was accompanied by decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in cell culture as well as decreased iNOS and reactive oxygen species levels in EAE. In addition, increased numbers of Olig2+APC+ oligodendrocytes were detected. Overall, nimodipine application seems to generate a favorable environment for regenerative processes and therefore could be a treatment option for MS, because it combines features of immunomodulation with beneficial effects on neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schampel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Volovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Koeniger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- The Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jörg
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erhard Wischmeyer
- Institute of Physiology, Molecular Electrophysiology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marie Wunsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany;
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20
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Ca v1.2 channels mediate persistent chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits that are associated with prefrontal cortex activation of the p25/Cdk5-glucocorticoid receptor pathway. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 7:27-37. [PMID: 28289693 PMCID: PMC5338724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is known to precipitate and exacerbate neuropsychiatric symptoms, and exposure to stress is particularly pathological in individuals with certain genetic predispositions. Recent genome wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene CACNA1C, which codes for the Cav1.2 subunit of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC), as a common risk variant for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. Cav1.2 channels mediate experience-dependent changes in gene expression and long-term synaptic plasticity through activation of downstream calcium signaling pathways. Previous studies have found an association between stress and altered Cav1.2 expression in the brain, however the contribution of Cav1.2 channels to chronic stress-induced behaviors, and the precise Cav1.2 signaling mechanisms activated are currently unknown. Here we report that chronic stress leads to a delayed increase in Cav1.2 expression selectively within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but not in other stress-sensitive brain regions such as the hippocampus or amygdala. Further, we demonstrate that while Cav1.2 heterozygous (Cav1.2+/−) mice show chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior, anxiety-like behavior, and deficits in working memory 1–2 days following stress, they are resilient to the effects of chronic stress when tested 5–7 days later. Lastly, molecular studies find a delayed upregulation of the p25/Cdk5-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway in the PFC when examined 8 days post-stress that is absent in Cav1.2+/− mice. Our findings reveal a novel Cav1.2-mediated molecular mechanism associated with the persistent behavioral effects of chronic stress and provide new insight into potential Cav1.2 channel mechanisms that may contribute to CACNA1C-linked neuropsychiatric phenotypes.
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21
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Verma M, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Investigating the role of nisoldipine in foot-shock-induced post-traumatic stress disorder in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:128-36. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research; Punjabi University; Patiala 147002 Punjab India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research; Punjabi University; Patiala 147002 Punjab India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research; Punjabi University; Patiala 147002 Punjab India
| | - Amteshwar S. Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research; Punjabi University; Patiala 147002 Punjab India
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22
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Bali A, Jaggi AS. Differential role of angiotensin neuropeptides in repeated exposure of immobilization stress of varying duration in mice. Life Sci 2015; 141:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Kumar D, Dedic N, Flachskamm C, Voulé S, Deussing JM, Kimura M. Cacna1c (Cav1.2) Modulates Electroencephalographic Rhythm and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Recovery. Sleep 2015; 38:1371-80. [PMID: 25845695 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The CACNA1C gene encodes the alpha 1C (α1C) subunit of the Cav1.2 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel (LTCC). Some of the other voltage-dependent calcium channels, e.g., P-/Q-type, Cav2.1; N-type, Cav2.2; E-/R-type, Cav2.3; and T-type, Cav3.3 have been implicated in sleep modulation. However, the contribution of LTCCs to sleep remains largely unknown. Based on recent genome-wide association studies, CACNA1C emerged as one of potential candidate genes associated with both sleep and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, most patients with mental illnesses have sleep problems and vice versa. DESIGN To investigate an impact of Cav1.2 on sleep-wake behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, polysomnography was performed in heterozygous Cacna1c (HET) knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates under baseline and challenging conditions (acute sleep deprivation and restraint stress). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS HET mice displayed significantly lower EEG spectral power than WT mice across high frequency ranges (beta to gamma) during wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Although HET mice spent slightly more time asleep in the dark period, daily amounts of sleep did not differ between the two genotypes. However, recovery sleep after exposure to both types of challenging stress conditions differed markedly; HET mice exhibited reduced REM sleep recovery responses compared to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the involvement of Cacna1c (Cav1.2) in fast electroencephalogram oscillations and REM sleep regulatory processes. Lower spectral gamma activity, slightly increased sleep demands, and altered REM sleep responses found in heterozygous Cacna1c knockout mice may rather resemble a sleep phenotype observed in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Dedic
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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24
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Investigations in foot shock stress of variable intensity in mice: Adaptation and role of angiotensin II. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Chauhan E, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Pharmacological investigations on cross adaptation in mice subjected to stress immobilization. Life Sci 2015; 127:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Kaur A, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Investigating the stress attenuating potential of furosemide in immobilization and electric foot-shock stress models in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:497-507. [PMID: 25604076 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antistress effect of furosemide (sodium potassium chloride co-transporter inhibitor) in immobilization and foot-shock stress-induced behavioral alterations in the mice. Acute stress was induced in Swiss albino mice either by applying electric foot shocks of 0.6-mA intensity of 1-s duration with 30-s inter-shock interval for 1 h or immobilizing for 150 min. The acute stress-induced behavioral changes were assessed by using actophotometer, hole board, open-field, and social interaction tests. Biochemically, the corticosterone levels were estimated in the serum as a biomarker of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Acute stress resulted in the development of behavioral alterations and elevation of the corticosterone levels. Intraperitoneal administration of furosemide (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated immobilization and foot-shock stress-induced behavioral changes along with normalization of the corticosterone levels. It may be concluded that furosemide produces beneficial effects in reestablishing the behavioral and biochemical alterations in immobilization and foot-shock-induced acute stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalamjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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27
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Bali A, Jaggi AS. Preclinical experimental stress studies: protocols, assessment and comparison. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:282-92. [PMID: 25446911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a state of threatened homeostasis during which a variety of adaptive processes are activated to produce physiological and behavioral changes. Preclinical models are pivotal for understanding these physiological or pathophysiological changes in the body in response to stress. Furthermore, these models are also important for the development of novel pharmacological agents for stress management. The well described preclinical stress models include immobilization, restraint, electric foot shock and social isolation stress. Stress assessment in animals is done at the behavioral level using open field, social interaction, hole board test; at the biochemical level by measuring plasma corticosterone and ACTH; at the physiological level by measuring food intake, body weight, adrenal gland weight and gastric ulceration. Furthermore the comparison between different stressors including electric foot shock, immobilization and cold stressor is described in terms of intensity, hormonal release, protein changes in brain, adaptation and sleep pattern. This present review describes these preclinical stress protocols, and stress assessment at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
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28
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Rinwa P, Kumar A. Panax quinquefolium involves nitric oxide pathway in olfactory bulbectomy rat model. Physiol Behav 2014; 129:142-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Bali A, Jaggi AS. Multifunctional aspects of allopregnanolone in stress and related disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:64-78. [PMID: 24044974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) is a major cholesterol-derived neurosteroid in the central nervous system and is synthesized from progesterone by steroidogenic enzymes, 5α-reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme) and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The pathophysiological role of allopregnanolone in neuropsychiatric disorders has been highlighted in several investigations. The changes in neuroactive steroid levels are detected in stress and stress-related disorders including anxiety, panic and depression. The changes in allopregnanolone in response to acute stressor tend to restore the homeostasis by dampening the hyper-activated HPA axis. However, long standing stressors leading to development of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety are associated with decrease in the allopregnanolone levels. GABAA receptor complex has been considered as the primary target of allopregnanolone and majority of its inhibitory actions are mediated through GABA potentiation or direct activation of GABA currents. The role of progesterone receptors in producing the late actions of allopregnanolone particularly in lordosis facilitation has also been described. Moreover, recent studies have also described the involvement of other multiple targets including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glutamate, dopamine, opioids, oxytocin, and calcium channels. The present review discusses the various aspects of allopregnanolone in stress and stress-related disorders including anxiety, depression and panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, India
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Moreno LCGEAI, da Silva Oliveira GZ, Cavalcanti IMF, Santos-Magalhães NS, Rolim HML, de Freitas RM. Development and evaluation of liposomal formulation containing nimodipine on anxiolytic activity in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 116:64-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bali A, Gupta S, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Implicating the role of plasma membrane localized calcium channels and exchangers in stress-induced deleterious effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:229-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Foti Cuzzola V, Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Cassata G, Giacoppo S, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Beneficial effects of (RS)-glucoraphanin on the tight junction dysfunction in a mouse model of restraint stress. Life Sci 2013; 93:288-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lee JS, Kim HG, Han JM, Lee JS, Son SW, Ahn YC, Son CG. Myelophil ameliorates brain oxidative stress in mice subjected to restraint stress. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:339-47. [PMID: 22813841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the pharmacological effects of Myelophil, a 30% ethanol extract of a mix of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, on oxidative stress-induced brain damage in mice caused by restraint stress. C57BL/6 male mice (eight weeks old) underwent daily oral administration of distilled water, Myelophil (25, 50, or 100mg/kg), or ascorbic acid (100mg/kg) 1h before induction of restraint stress, which involved 3h of immobilization per day for 21days. Nitric oxide levels, lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione redox system enzymes), and concentrations of adrenaline, corticosterone, and interferon-γ, were measured in brain tissues and/or sera. Restraint stress-induced increases in nitric oxide levels (serum and brain tissues) and lipid peroxidation (brain tissues) were significantly attenuated by Myelophil treatment. Restraint stress moderately lowered total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, glutathione content, and the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase; all these responses were reversed by Myelophil. Myelophil significantly attenuated the elevated serum concentrations of adrenaline and corticosterone and restored serum and brain interferon-γ levels. Moreover, Myelophil normalized expression of the genes encoding monoamine oxidase A, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, which was up-regulated by restraint stress in brain tissues. These results suggest that Myelophil has pharmacological properties protects brain tissues against stress-associated oxidative stress damage, perhaps in part through regulation of stress hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-724, Republic of Korea
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The effect of nimodipine on memory impairment during spontaneous morphine withdrawal in mice: Corticosterone interaction. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 695:83-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Investigations into mild electric foot shock stress-induced cognitive enhancement: possible role of angiotensin neuropeptides. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:197-203. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320312456579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
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