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Liu X, Luo M, Wang Z, Yang SJ, Su M, Wang Y, Wang W, Sun Z, Cai Y, Wu L, Zhou R, Xu M, Zhao Q, Chen L, Zuo W, Huang Y, Ren P, Huang X. Mind shift I: Fructus Aurantii - Rhizoma Chuanxiong synergistically anchors stress-induced depression-like behaviours and gastrointestinal dysmotility cluster by regulating psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155324. [PMID: 38552437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have not studied the integrity, orderly correlation, and dynamic openness of complex organisms and explored the laws of systems from a global perspective. In the context of reductionism, antidepressant development formerly focused on advanced technology and molecular details, clear targets and mechanisms, but the clinical results were often unsatisfactory. PURPOSE MDD represents an aggregate of different and highly diverse disease subtypes. The co-occurrence of stress-induced nonrandom multimorbidity is widespread, whereas only a fraction of the potential clusters are well known, such as the MDD-FGID cluster. Mapping these clusters, and determining which are nonrandom, is vital for discovering new mechanisms, developing treatments, and reconfiguring services to better meet patient needs. STUDY DESIGN Acute stress 15-minute forced swimming (AFS) or CUMS protocols can induce the nonrandom MDD-FGID cluster. Multiple biological processes of rats with depression-like behaviours and gastrointestinal dysmobility will be captured under conditions of stress, and the Fructus Aurantii-Rhizoma Chuanxiong (ZQCX) decoction will be utilized to dock the MDD-FGID cluster. METHODS/RESULTS Here, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, one of the seven components of Chaihu-shugan-San, elicited the best antidepressant effect on CUMS rats, followed by Fructus Aurantii. ZQCX reversed AFS-induced depression-like behaviours and gastrointestinal dysmobility by regulating the glutamatergic system, AMPAR/BDNF/mTOR/synapsin I pathway, ghrelin signalling and gastrointestinal nitric oxide synthase. Based on the bioethnopharmacological analysis strategy, the determined meranzin hydrate (MH) and senkyunolide I (SI) by UPLC-PDA, simultaneously absorbed by the jejunum and hippocampus of rats, have been considered major absorbed bioactive compounds acting on behalf of ZQCX. Cotreatment with MH and SI at an equivalent dose in ZQCX synergistically replicated over 50.33 % efficacy of the parent formula in terms of antidepressant and prokinetic actions by modulating neuroinflammation and ghrelin signalling. CONCLUSION Brain-centric mind shifts require the integration of multiple central and peripheral systems and the elucidation of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that ultimately contribute to novel therapeutic options. Ghrelin signalling and the immune system may partially underlie multimorbidity vulnerability, and ZQCX anchors stress-induced MDD-FGID clusters by docking them. Combining the results of micro details with the laws of the macro world may be more effective in finding treatments for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangFei Liu
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Jie Yang
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqing Su
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - ZhongHua Sun
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - YaWen Cai
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - RunZe Zhou
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - QiuLong Zhao
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - WenTing Zuo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - YunKe Huang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 XianLin Avenue, QiXia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Bablis P, Day RR, Bablis S, Pollard H. Treatment of Hypothyroidism and Stress Using Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET): A Case Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58231. [PMID: 38745794 PMCID: PMC11092426 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is generally considered an autoimmune condition, and typical medical management involves taking levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid hormone) for life. This case report details the results of a mind-body intervention (MBI) called the Neuro-Emotional Technique (NET) used to treat a 28-year-old Caucasian female presenting with symptoms and bloodwork markers associated with two years of hypothyroidism and a long history of stress. The patient's medical doctor provided a diagnosis of hypothyroidism after blood tests showed that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were high at 6.87 mIU/L (where the acceptable range is 0.40-3.50 mIU/L) and free T4 (FT4) levels were low at 8.6 pmol/L (where the acceptable range is 9.0-19.0 pmol/L). Psychometric tests were completed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment to evaluate changes in mental health and emotional well-being. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q) revealed a high degree of childhood trauma that may have predisposed to the underlying autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. At the conclusion of the treatment period, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 were within normal ranges and psychometric indicators normalized. We hypothesize that these changes may be due to the stress-reducing mechanism of NET and outline possible mechanisms via the Psycho-Immune-Neuroendocrine (PINE) network. The PINE network model asserts that chronic stress acts as a potential driver of pathophysiology that can lead to one or more medical and mental health conditions. While further studies with larger sample sizes are required to establish whether these results could be extrapolated to a wider population, the results of this case suggest that it may be pertinent to consider co-management of subclinical hypothyroidism with a relatively quick and cost-effective MBI such as NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bablis
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, University Research Institute, Athens, GRC
- Department of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, Universal Health, Sydney, AUS
| | - Ryan R Day
- Department of Chiropractic, Universal Health, Sydney, AUS
| | - Sophia Bablis
- Department of Psychology, Universal Health, Sydney, AUS
| | - Henry Pollard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, ZAF
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Ciubuc-Batcu MT, Stapelberg NJC, Headrick JP, Renshaw GMC. A mitochondrial nexus in major depressive disorder: Integration with the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166920. [PMID: 37913835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system processes, including cognition and affective state, fundamentally rely on mitochondria. Impaired mitochondrial function is evident in major depressive disorder (MDD), reflecting cumulative detrimental influences of both extrinsic and intrinsic stressors, genetic predisposition, and mutation. Glucocorticoid 'stress' pathways converge on mitochondria; oxidative and nitrosative stresses in MDD are largely mitochondrial in origin; both initiate cascades promoting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage with disruptions to mitochondrial biogenesis and tryptophan catabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates proinflammatory dysbiosis while directly triggering immuno-inflammatory activation via released mtDNA, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), further disrupting mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control, promoting the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria (confirmed in autopsy studies). Established and putative mechanisms highlight a mitochondrial nexus within the psycho-immune neuroendocrine (PINE) network implicated in MDD. Whether lowering neuronal resilience and thresholds for disease, or linking mechanistic nodes within the MDD pathogenic network, impaired mitochondrial function emerges as an important risk, a functional biomarker, providing a therapeutic target in MDD. Several treatment modalities have been demonstrated to reset mitochondrial function, which could benefit those with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ciubuc-Batcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - N J C Stapelberg
- Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Headrick
- Griffith University School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Australia
| | - G M C Renshaw
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Australia.
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Stapelberg NJC, Braidy N. The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1072042. [PMID: 37153459 PMCID: PMC10160413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for modern chronic diseases, with distinct influences in males and females. The sex specificity of the mammalian stress response contributes to the sex-dependent development and impacts of coronary artery disease (CAD). Compared to men, women appear to have greater susceptibility to chronic forms of psychosocial stress, extending beyond an increased incidence of mood disorders to include a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of stress-dependent myocardial infarction in women, and up to 10-fold higher risk of Takotsubo syndrome-a stress-dependent coronary-myocardial disorder most prevalent in post-menopausal women. Sex differences arise at all levels of the stress response: from initial perception of stress to behavioural, cognitive, and affective responses and longer-term disease outcomes. These fundamental differences involve interactions between chromosomal and gonadal determinants, (mal)adaptive epigenetic modulation across the lifespan (particularly in early life), and the extrinsic influences of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. Pre-clinical investigations of biological mechanisms support distinct early life programming and a heightened corticolimbic-noradrenaline-neuroinflammatory reactivity in females vs. males, among implicated determinants of the chronic stress response. Unravelling the intrinsic molecular, cellular and systems biological basis of these differences, and their interactions with external lifestyle/socio-cultural determinants, can guide preventative and therapeutic strategies to better target coronary heart disease in a tailored sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Helman
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Tessa J. Helman
| | - John P. Headrick
- Schoolof Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Sapsford TP, Johnson SR, Headrick JP, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Sarfaraz M, Stapelberg NJC. Forgetful, sad and old: Do vascular cognitive impairment and depression share a common pre-disease network and how is it impacted by ageing? J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:611-627. [PMID: 36372004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and depression frequently coexist in geriatric populations and reciprocally increase disease risks. We assert that a shared pre-disease state of the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network model mechanistically explains bidirectional associations between VCI and depression. Five pathophysiological sub-networks are identified that are shared by VCI and depression: neuroinflammation, kynurenine pathway imbalance, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis overactivity, impaired neurotrophic support and cerebrovascular dysfunction. These do not act independently, and their complex interactions necessitate a systems biology approach to better define disease pathogenesis. The PINE network is already established in the context of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as depression, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We build on previous literature to specifically explore mechanistic links between MDD and VCI in the context of PINE pathways and discuss key mechanistic commonalities linking these comorbid conditions and identify a common pre-disease state which precedes transition to VCI and MDD. We expand the model to incorporate bidirectional interactions with biological ageing. Diathesis factors for both VCI and depression feed into this network and the culmination of shared mechanisms (on an ageing substrate) lead to a critical network transition to one or both disease states. A common pre-disease state underlying VCI and depression can provide clinicians a unique opportunity for early risk assessment and intervention in disease development. Establishing the mechanistic elements and systems biology of this network can reveal early warning or predictive biomarkers together with novel therapeutic targets. Integrative studies are recommended to elucidate the dynamic networked biology of VCI and depression over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Sapsford
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susannah R Johnson
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Muhammad Sarfaraz
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Griffith TA, Russell JS, Naghipour S, Helman TJ, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJ, Headrick JP, Du Toit EF. Behavioural disruption in diabetic mice: Neurobiological correlates and influences of dietary α-linolenic acid. Life Sci 2022; 311:121137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Stapelberg NJC, Bui TA, Mansour V, Johnson S, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Ashton K, Taylor N, Headrick JP. The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder through the lens of systems biology: Network analysis of the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine physiome. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 372:577959. [PMID: 36095861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network is a predominantly physiological (metabolomic) model constructed from the literature, inter-linking multiple biological processes associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), thereby integrating putative mechanistic pathways for MDD into a single network. MATERIAL AND METHODS Previously published metabolomic pathways for the PINE network based on literature searches conducted in 1991-2021 were used to construct an edge table summarizing all physiological pathways in pairs of origin nodes and target nodes. The Gephi software program was used to calculate network metrics from the edge table, including total degree and centrality measures, to ascertain key network nodes and construct a directed network graph. RESULTS An edge table and directional network graph of physiological relationships in the PINE network is presented. The network has properties consistent with complex biological systems, with analysis yielding key network nodes comprising pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, IL6 and IL1), glucocorticoids and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). These may represent central structural and regulatory elements in the context of MDD. CONCLUSION The identified hubs have a high degree of connection and are known to play roles in the progression from health to MDD. These nodes represent strategic targets for therapeutic intervention or prevention. Future work is required to build a weighted and dynamic simulation of the network PINE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
| | | | - Verena Mansour
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia
| | | | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia; Mater Young Adult Health Service, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Service, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Vider J, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC. Sex-specific behavioral, neurobiological, and cardiovascular responses to chronic social stress in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2004-2027. [PMID: 36059192 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress promotes and links mood and cardiovascular disorders in a sex-specific manner. However, findings in animal models are equivocal, in some cases opposing human dimorphisms. We examined central nervous system (CNS), behavioral, endocrine, cardiac, and hepatic outcomes in male or female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to chronic social stress (56 days of social isolation, with intermittent social confrontation encounters twice daily throughout the final 20 days). Females exhibited distinct physiological and behavioral changes, including relative weight loss, and increases in coronary resistance, hepatic inflammation, and thigmotaxic behavior in the open field. Males evidence reductions in coronary resistance and cardiac ischemic tolerance, with increased circulating and hippocampal monoamine levels and emerging anhedonia. Shared CNS gene responses include reduced hippocampal Maoa and increased Htr1b expression, while unique responses include repression of hypothalamic Ntrk1 and upregulation of cortical Nrf2 and Htr1b in females; and repression of hippocampal Drd1 and hypothalamic Gabra1 and Oprm in males. Declining cardiac stress resistance in males was associated with repression of cardiac leptin levels and metabolic, mitochondrial biogenesis, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. These integrated data reveal distinct biological responses to social stress in males and females, and collectively evidence greater biological disruption or allostatic load in females (consistent with propensities to stress-related mood and cardiovascular disorders in humans). Distinct stress biology, and molecular to organ responses, emphasize the importance of sex-specific mechanisms and potential approaches to stress-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Helman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Stapelberg NJC, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Johnson S, Ashton K, Headrick J. Environmental Stressors and the PINE Network: Can Physical Environmental Stressors Drive Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Risks? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13226. [PMID: 36293807 PMCID: PMC9603079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both psychosocial and physical environmental stressors have been linked to chronic mental health and chronic medical conditions. The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network details metabolomic pathways which are responsive to varied stressors and link chronic medical conditions with mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder via a network of pathophysiological pathways. The primary objective of this review is to explore evidence of relationships between airborne particulate matter (PM, as a concrete example of a physical environmental stressor), the PINE network and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including mental health sequelae, with a view to supporting the assertion that physical environmental stressors (not only psychosocial stressors) disrupt the PINE network, leading to NCDs. Biological links have been established between PM exposure, key sub-networks of the PINE model and mental health sequelae, suggesting that in theory, long-term mental health impacts of PM exposure may exist, driven by the disruption of these biological networks. This disruption could trans-generationally influence health; however, long-term studies and information on chronic outcomes following acute exposure event are still lacking, limiting what is currently known beyond the acute exposure and all-cause mortality. More empirical evidence is needed, especially to link long-term mental health sequelae to PM exposure, arising from PINE pathophysiology. Relationships between physical and psychosocial stressors, and especially the concept of such stressors acting together to impact on PINE network function, leading to linked NCDs, evokes the concept of syndemics, and these are discussed in the context of the PINE network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Hospital, Brisbane, QID 4101, Australia
| | - Susannah Johnson
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - John Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QID 4215, Australia
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Bolton D. Looking forward to a decade of the biopsychosocial model. BJPsych Bull 2022; 46:1-5. [PMID: 35781123 PMCID: PMC9768524 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2022.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The topic of this article is the biopsychosocial model. My main contention is that - notwithstanding doubts as to what exactly it is, or indeed whether it is anything - there is a coherent account of it, in terms of both applications to particular health conditions and mechanisms with wide application. There is accumulating evidence from recent decades that psychosocial as well as biological factors are implicated in the aetiology and treatment of a large range of physical as well as mental health conditions. The original proposer of the biopsychosocial model, George Engel, back in 1977, was substantially correct about what he saw was on its way.
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC. Central and cardiac stress resiliences consistently linked to integrated immuno-neuroendocrine responses across stress models in male mice. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4333-4362. [PMID: 35763309 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress resilience, and behavioural and cardiovascular impacts of chronic stress, are theorised to involve integrated neuro-endocrine/inflammatory/transmitter/trophin signalling. We tested for this integration, and whether behaviour/emotionality, together with myocardial ischaemic tolerance, are consistently linked to these pathways across diverse conditions in male C57Bl/6 mice. This included: Restraint Stress (RS), 1 hr restraint/day for 14 days; Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS), 7 stressors randomised over 21 days; Social Stress (SS), 35 days social isolation with brief social encounters in final 13 days; and Control conditions (CTRL; un-stressed mice). Behaviour was assessed via open field (OFT) and sucrose preference (SPT) tests, and neurobiology from frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampal transcripts. Endocrine factors, and function and ischaemic tolerance in isolated hearts, were also measured. Model characteristics ranged from no behavioural or myocardial changes with homotypic RS, to increased emotionality and cardiac ischaemic injury (with apparently distinct endocrine/neurobiological profiles) in CUMS and SS models. Highly integrated expression of HPA axis, neuro-inflammatory, BDNF, monoamine, GABA, cannabinoid and opioid signalling genes was confirmed across conditions, and consistent/potentially causal correlations identified for: i) Locomotor activity (noradrenaline, ghrelin; FC Crhr1, Tnfrsf1b, Il33, Nfkb1, Maoa, Gabra1; hippocampal Il33); ii) Thigmotaxis (adrenaline, leptin); iii) Anxiety-like behaviour (adrenaline, leptin; FC Tnfrsf1a; hippocampal Il33); iv) Depressive-like behaviour (ghrelin; FC/hippocampal s100a8); and v) Cardiac stress-resistance (noradrenaline, leptin; FC Il33, Tnfrsf1b, Htr1a, Gabra1, Gabrg2; hippocampal Il33, Tnfrsf1a, Maoa, Drd2). Data support highly integrated pathway responses to stress, and consistent adipokine, sympatho-adrenergic, inflammatory and monoamine involvement in mood and myocardial disturbances across diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Helman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia.,Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Australia
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Leysen H, Walter D, Christiaenssen B, Vandoren R, Harputluoğlu İ, Van Loon N, Maudsley S. GPCRs Are Optimal Regulators of Complex Biological Systems and Orchestrate the Interface between Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413387. [PMID: 34948182 PMCID: PMC8708147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GPCRs arguably represent the most effective current therapeutic targets for a plethora of diseases. GPCRs also possess a pivotal role in the regulation of the physiological balance between healthy and pathological conditions; thus, their importance in systems biology cannot be underestimated. The molecular diversity of GPCR signaling systems is likely to be closely associated with disease-associated changes in organismal tissue complexity and compartmentalization, thus enabling a nuanced GPCR-based capacity to interdict multiple disease pathomechanisms at a systemic level. GPCRs have been long considered as controllers of communication between tissues and cells. This communication involves the ligand-mediated control of cell surface receptors that then direct their stimuli to impact cell physiology. Given the tremendous success of GPCRs as therapeutic targets, considerable focus has been placed on the ability of these therapeutics to modulate diseases by acting at cell surface receptors. In the past decade, however, attention has focused upon how stable multiprotein GPCR superstructures, termed receptorsomes, both at the cell surface membrane and in the intracellular domain dictate and condition long-term GPCR activities associated with the regulation of protein expression patterns, cellular stress responses and DNA integrity management. The ability of these receptorsomes (often in the absence of typical cell surface ligands) to control complex cellular activities implicates them as key controllers of the functional balance between health and disease. A greater understanding of this function of GPCRs is likely to significantly augment our ability to further employ these proteins in a multitude of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Deborah Walter
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Bregje Christiaenssen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Romi Vandoren
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - İrem Harputluoğlu
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Çankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nore Van Loon
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (H.L.); (D.W.); (B.C.); (R.V.); (İ.H.); (N.V.L.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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A syndemic of psychiatric morbidity, substance misuse, violence, and poor physical health among young Scottish men with reduced life expectancy. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100858. [PMID: 34307825 PMCID: PMC8258690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scotland has the shortest life expectancy in Western Europe, driven by high rates of cancer, suicides, alcohol-related causes and drug-related poisonings. These disparities cannot be explained solely by socioeconomic deprivation. Our aim was to investigate whether a syndemic in a socioeconomically deprived area of Glasgow might account for premature mortality among men. Methods We analysed data from two cross-sectional population surveys: a national sample of 1916 British men and another of 765 men in Glasgow East. The survey included men aged 18–34, and was undertaken in 2011 to study correlates of violence. Questionnaires covered current physical health, psychiatric symptoms, substance misuse, and crime and violence. Syndemic components were identified using confirmatory factor analysis. Associations and synergistic interactions between these variables and health status were estimated using logistic regression. Results An aggregation of multiple health conditions and health-related behaviours was found in Glasgow East. A syndemic model of joint effects, adducing a four-component latent variable (violence, substance dependence, psychiatric morbidity and a diathesis of biological/behavioural risk) showed synergy between components and explained persistent disparities in poor physical health/chronic health conditions. Effect modification was found between the general syndemic factor and contextual variables at individual and social environmental level according to location. Conclusions Syndemic effects from synergistic interactions were confirmed between psychiatric morbidity, substance misuse, violence, and biological/behavioural risk for physical health. A hypothetical model was developed to explain how the syndemic leads to potentially life-threatening risks to young men, both currently and as precursors of physical health conditions which may shorten their lives in the future. Scotland has the shortest life expectancy in Western Europe, especially among men in areas of Glasgow. This has not responded to Public Health interventions. A syndemic was identified among young men with synergism between violence, substance misuse, biological/behavioural physical health risks, and psychiatric morbidity. Synergistic interactions between components of the syndemic may result in precursors of multiple physical health conditions which will shorten men's lives in the future.
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14
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Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: The importance of the vagus nerve for biopsychosocial resilience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:1-10. [PMID: 33582230 PMCID: PMC8106638 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread increases in mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. The development of these and other psychiatric disorders may be related to changes in immune, endocrine, autonomic, cognitive, and affective processes induced by a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, many of these same changes can be triggered by psychosocial stressors such as social isolation and rejection, which have become increasingly common due to public policies aimed at reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The present review aims to shed light on these issues by describing how viral infections and stress affect mental health. First, we describe the multi-level mechanisms linking viral infection and life stress exposure with risk for psychopathology. Then, we summarize how resilience can be enhanced by targeting vagus nerve function by, for example, applying transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and targeting lifestyle factors, such as exercise. With these biopsychosocial insights in mind, researchers and healthcare professionals will be better equipped to reduce risk for psychopathology and increase resilience during this challenging pandemic period and beyond.
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15
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Gao Y, Li X, Zhao HL, Ling-Hu T, Zhou YZ, Tian JS, Qin XM. Comprehensive Analysis Strategy of Nervous-Endocrine-Immune-Related Metabolites to Evaluate Arachidonic Acid as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Depression. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2477-2486. [PMID: 33797260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most complex multifactorial diseases affected by genetic and environmental factors. The molecular mechanism underlying depression remains largely unclear. To address this issue, a novel nervous-endocrine-immune (NEI) network module was used to find the metabolites and evaluate the diagnostic ability of patients with depression. During this process, metabolites were acquired from a professional depression metabolism database. Over-representation analysis was performed using IMPaLA. Then, the metabolite-metabolite interaction (MMI) network of the NEI system was used to select key metabolites. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was evaluated for the diagnostic ability of arachidonic acid. The results show that the numbers of the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system pathways are 10, 19, and 12 and the numbers of metabolites are 38, 52, and 13, respectively. The selected shared metabolite-enriched pathways can be 97.56% of the NEI-related pathways. Arachidonic acid was extracted from the NEI system network by using an optimization formula and validated by in vivo experiments. It was indicated that the proposed model was good at screening arachidonic acid for the diagnosis of depression. This method provides reliable evidences and references for the diagnosis and mechanism research of other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Hui-Liang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Ling-Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi, China
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16
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Hoseini R. How to Exercise During Coronavirus Quarantine? CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021; 11:479-483. [PMID: 33425264 PMCID: PMC7780864 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.0.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused stress and anxiety in many people that can be reduced by regular physical activity. Regular physical exercise is essential for health. In the absence of COVID-19 symptoms, no limitation in physical activity is recommended. However, parameters such as frequency, intensity, type, and time need to be considered to prescribe the program and obtain the best results. Consequently, the level of physical activity that should be done during the outbreak has always been one of the most important and common questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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17
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Du Toit EF, Tai WS, Cox A, O’Connor D, Griffith TA, Helman T, Wendt L, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC, Headrick JP. Synergistic effects of low-level stress and a Western diet on metabolic homeostasis, mood, and myocardial ischemic tolerance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R347-R357. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00322.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
How low-level psychological stress and overnutrition interact in influencing cardiometabolic disease is unclear. Mechanistic overlaps suggest potential synergies; however, findings are contradictory. We test whether low-level stress and Western diet (WD) feeding synergistically influence homeostasis, mood, and myocardial ischemic tolerance. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed a control diet or WD (32%/57%/11% calories from fat/carbohydrates/protein) for 12 wk, with subgroups restrained for 30 min/day over the final 3 wk. Metabolism, behavior, tolerance of perfused hearts to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and cardiac “death proteins” were assessed. The WD resulted in insignificant trends toward increased body weight (+5%), glucose (+40%), insulin (+40%), triglycerides (+15%), and cholesterol (+20%) and reduced leptin (−20%) while significantly reducing insulin sensitivity [100% rise in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), P < 0.05]. Restraint did not independently influence metabolism while increasing HOMA-IR a further 50% (and resulting in significant elevations in insulin and glucose to 60–90% above control) in WD mice ( P < 0.05), despite blunting weight gain in control and WD mice. Anxiogenesis with restraint or WD was nonadditive, whereas anhedonia (reduced sucrose consumption) only arose with their combination. Neuroinflammation markers (hippocampal TNF-α, Il-1b) were unchanged. Myocardial I/R tolerance was unaltered with stress or WD alone, whereas the combination worsened dysfunction and oncosis [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux]. Apoptosis (nucleosome accumulation) and death protein expression (BAK, BAX, BCL-2, RIP-1, TNF-α, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP) were unchanged. We conclude that mild, anxiogenic yet cardio-metabolically “benign” stress interacts synergistically with a WD to disrupt homeostasis, promote anhedonia (independently of neuroinflammation), and impair myocardial ischemic tolerance (independently of apoptosis and death protein levels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene F. Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wei Shan Tai
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Cox
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dylan O’Connor
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tia A. Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tessa Helman
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren Wendt
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N. Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P. Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Arias JA, Williams C, Raghvani R, Aghajani M, Baez S, Belzung C, Booij L, Busatto G, Chiarella J, Fu CH, Ibanez A, Liddell BJ, Lowe L, Penninx BWJH, Rosa P, Kemp AH. The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:199-228. [PMID: 32001274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sadness is typically characterized by raised inner eyebrows, lowered corners of the mouth, reduced walking speed, and slumped posture. Ancient subcortical circuitry provides a neuroanatomical foundation, extending from dorsal periaqueductal grey to subgenual anterior cingulate, the latter of which is now a treatment target in disorders of sadness. Electrophysiological studies further emphasize a role for reduced left relative to right frontal asymmetry in sadness, underpinning interest in the transcranial stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an antidepressant target. Neuroimaging studies - including meta-analyses - indicate that sadness is associated with reduced cortical activation, which may contribute to reduced parasympathetic inhibitory control over medullary cardioacceleratory circuits. Reduced cardiac control may - in part - contribute to epidemiological reports of reduced life expectancy in affective disorders, effects equivalent to heavy smoking. We suggest that the field may be moving toward a theoretical consensus, in which different models relating to basic emotion theory and psychological constructionism may be considered as complementary, working at different levels of the phylogenetic hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Arias
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis, and Operational Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claire Williams
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Rashmi Raghvani
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Julian Chiarella
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hy Fu
- School of Psychology, University of East London, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Autonoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ARC), New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Leroy Lowe
- Neuroqualia (NGO), Turo, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, GGZ InGeest Research & Innovation, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Discipline of Psychiatry, and School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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19
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Fan T, Hu Y, Xin J, Zhao M, Wang J. Analyzing the genes and pathways related to major depressive disorder via a systems biology approach. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01502. [PMID: 31875662 PMCID: PMC7010578 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder caused by the combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Over the years, a number of genes potentially associated with MDD have been identified. However, in many cases, the role of these genes and their relationship in the etiology and development of MDD remains unclear. Under such situation, a systems biology approach focusing on the function correlation and interaction of the candidate genes in the context of MDD will provide useful information on exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. METHODS We collected genes potentially related to MDD by screening the human genetic studies deposited in PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). The main biological themes within the genes were explored by function and pathway enrichment analysis. Then, the interaction of genes was analyzed in the context of protein-protein interaction network and a MDD-specific network was built by Steiner minimal tree algorithm. RESULTS We collected 255 candidate genes reported to be associated with MDD from available publications. Functional analysis revealed that biological processes and biochemical pathways related to neuronal development, endocrine, cell growth and/or survivals, and immunology were enriched in these genes. The pathways could be largely grouped into three modules involved in biological procedures related to nervous system, the immune system, and the endocrine system, respectively. From the MDD-specific network, 35 novel genes potentially associated with the disease were identified. CONCLUSION By means of network- and pathway-based methods, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of MDD at a systems biology level. Results from our work could provide valuable clues for understanding the molecular features of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juncai Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengwen Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Gao Y, Xu T, Zhao YX, Ling-Hu T, Liu SB, Tian JS, Qin XM. A Novel Network Pharmacology Strategy to Decode Metabolic Biomarkers and Targets Interactions for Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:667. [PMID: 32760300 PMCID: PMC7373779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent and serious mental disorders with a worldwide significant health burden. Metabolic abnormalities and disorders in patients with depression have attracted great research attention. Thirty-six metabolic biomarkers of clinical plasma metabolomics were detected by platform technologies, including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), combined with multivariate data analysis techniques in previous work. The principal objective of this study was to provide valuable information for the pathogenesis of depression by comprehensive analysis of 36 metabolic biomarkers in the plasma of depressed patients. The relationship between biomarkers and enzymes were collected from the HMDB database. Then the metabolic biomarkers-enzymes interactions (MEI) network was performed and analyzed to identify hub metabolic biomarkers and enzymes. In addition, the docking score-weighted multiple pharmacology index (DSWMP) was used to assess the important pathways of hub metabolic biomarkers involved. Finally, validated these pathways by published literature. The results show that stearic acid, phytosphingosine, glycine, glutamine and phospholipids were important metabolic biomarkers. Hydrolase, transferase and acyltransferase involve the largest number of metabolic biomarkers. Nine metabolite targets (TP53, IL1B, TNF, PTEN, HLA-DRB1, MTOR, HRAS, INS and PIK3CA) of potential drug proteins for treating depression are widely involved in the nervous system, immune system and endocrine system. Seven important pathways, such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway, are closely related to the pathology mechanisms of depression. The application of important biomarkers and pathways in clinical practice may help to improve the diagnosis of depression and the evaluation of antidepressant effect, which provides important clues for the study of metabolic characteristics of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying-Xia Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Ling-Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shao-Bo Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Active Constituents Research and Utilization of TCM, Taiyuan, China
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21
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de Almeida RN, Galvão ACDM, da Silva FS, Silva EADS, Palhano-Fontes F, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, de Araújo LSB, Lobão-Soares B, Galvão-Coelho NL. Modulation of Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor by a Single Dose of Ayahuasca: Observation From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1234. [PMID: 31231276 PMCID: PMC6558429 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics are emerging as potential antidepressant therapeutic tools, as suggested in a recent randomized controlled trial with ayahuasca for treatment-resistant depression. Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels increase after treatment with serotoninergic antidepressants, but the exact role of BDNF as a biomarker for diagnostic and treatment of major depression is still poorly understood. Here we investigated serum BDNF levels in healthy controls (N = 45) and patients with treatment-resistant depression (N = 28) before (baseline) and 48 h after (D2) a single dose of ayahuasca or placebo. In our sample, baseline serum BDNF levels did not predict major depression and the clinical characteristics of the patients did not predict their BDNF levels. However, at baseline, serum cortisol was a predictor of serum BDNF levels, where lower levels of serum BDNF were detected in a subgroup of subjects with hypocortisolemia. Moreover, at baseline we found a negative correlation between BDNF and serum cortisol in volunteers with eucortisolemia. After treatment (D2) we observed higher BDNF levels in both patients and controls that ingested ayahuasca (N = 35) when compared to placebo (N = 34). Furthermore, at D2 just patients treated with ayahuasca (N = 14), and not with placebo (N = 14), presented a significant negative correlation between serum BDNF levels and depressive symptoms. This is the first double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial that explored the modulation of BDNF in response to a psychedelic in patients with depression. The results suggest a potential link between the observed antidepressant effects of ayahuasca and changes in serum BDNF, which contributes to the emerging view of using psychedelics as an antidepressant. This trial is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02914769).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Nóbrega de Almeida
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília de Menezes Galvão
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Flávia Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Erick Allan dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palhano-Fontes
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Maia-de-Oliveira
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Natal, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lobão-Soares Barros de Araújo
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Natal, Brazil
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Vitamin D and the Risk of Depression: A Causal Relationship? Findings from a Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051085. [PMID: 31100827 PMCID: PMC6566390 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While observational studies show an association between 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptoms, intervention studies, which examine the preventive effects of vitamin D supplementation on the development of depression, are lacking. To estimate the role of lowered 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations in the etiology of depressive disorders, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study on depression, i.e., “depressive symptoms” (DS, n = 161,460) and “broad depression” (BD, n = 113,769 cases and 208,811 controls). Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were genome-wide significantly associated with 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations in 79,366 subjects from the SUNLIGHT genome-wide association study (GWAS), were used as an instrumental variable. None of the six SNPs was associated with DS or BD (all p > 0.05). MR analysis revealed no causal effects of 25(OH)vitamin D concentration, either on DS (inverse variance weighted (IVW); b = 0.025, SE = 0.038, p = 0.52) or on BD (IVW; b = 0.020, SE = 0.012, p = 0.10). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations were not significantly associated with DS or BD. The findings from this MR study indicate no causal relationship between vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptoms, or broad depression. Conflicting findings from observational studies might have resulted from residual confounding or reverse causation.
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