1
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Klingbeil EA, Schade R, Lee SH, Kirkland R, de La Serre CB. Manipulation of feeding patterns in high fat diet fed rats improves microbiota composition dynamics, inflammation and gut-brain signaling. Physiol Behav 2024; 285:114643. [PMID: 39059597 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic consumption of high fat (HF) diets has been shown to increase meal size and meal frequency in rodents, resulting in overeating. Reducing meal frequency and establishing periods of fasting, independently of caloric intake, may improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Additionally, diet-driven changes in microbiota composition have been shown to play a critical role in the development and maintenance of metabolic disorders. In this study, we used a pair-feeding paradigm to reduce meal frequency and snacking episodes while maintaining overall intake and body weight in HF fed rats. We hypothesized that manipulation of feeding patterns would improve microbiota composition and metabolic outcomes. Male Wistar rats were placed in three groups consuming either a HF, low fat diet (LF, matched for sugar), or pair-fed HF diet for 7 weeks (n = 11-12/group). Pair-fed animals received the same amount of food consumed by the HF fed group once daily before dark onset (HF-PF). Rats underwent oral glucose tolerance and gut peptide cholecystokinin sensitivity tests. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the feces collected during both dark and light cycles and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S V4 region. Our pair-feeding paradigm reduced meal numbers, especially small meals in the inactive phase, without changing total caloric intake. This shift in feeding patterns reduced relative abundances of obesity-associated bacteria and maintained circadian fluctuations in microbial abundances. These changes were associated with improved gastrointestinal (GI) function, reduced inflammation, and improved glucose tolerance and gut to brain signaling. We concluded from these data that targeting snacking may help improve metabolic outcomes, independently of energy content of the diet and hyperphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Klingbeil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - R Schade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Food Sciences, Sun Moon University, South Korea
| | - R Kirkland
- Office of Research, University of Georgia, United States
| | - C B de La Serre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, United States.
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2
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Ferrario CR, Münzberg-Gruening H, Rinaman L, Betley JN, Borgland SL, Dus M, Fadool DA, Medler KF, Morton GJ, Sandoval DA, de La Serre CB, Stanley SA, Townsend KL, Watts AG, Maruvada P, Cummings D, Cooke BM. Obesity- and diet-induced plasticity in systems that control eating and energy balance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1425-1440. [PMID: 39010249 PMCID: PMC11269035 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In April 2023, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), in partnership with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Aging, and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, hosted a 2-day online workshop to discuss neural plasticity in energy homeostasis and obesity. The goal was to provide a broad view of current knowledge while identifying research questions and challenges regarding neural systems that control food intake and energy balance. This review includes highlights from the meeting and is intended both to introduce unfamiliar audiences with concepts central to energy homeostasis, feeding, and obesity and to highlight up-and-coming research in these areas that may be of special interest to those with a background in these fields. The overarching theme of this review addresses plasticity within the central and peripheral nervous systems that regulates and influences eating, emphasizing distinctions between healthy and disease states. This is by no means a comprehensive review because this is a broad and rapidly developing area. However, we have pointed out relevant reviews and primary articles throughout, as well as gaps in current understanding and opportunities for developments in the field.
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Grants
- NSF1949989 National Science Foundation
- T32 DC000044 NIDCD NIH HHS
- R01 DK133464 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK089056 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK130246 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK124801 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK100685 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK124238 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK130875 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK125890 NIDDK NIH HHS
- Z99 DK999999 Intramural NIH HHS
- R01 DK124461 NIDDK NIH HHS
- K26 DK138368 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK121995 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK121531 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 DK089503 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P01 DK119130 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK118910 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 AT011683 NCCIH NIH HHS
- Reported research was supported by DK130246, DK092587, AT011683, MH059911, DK100685, DK119130, DK124801, DK133399, AG079877, DK133464, T32DC000044, F31DC016817, NSF1949989, DK089056, DK124238, DK138368, DK121995, DK125890, DK118910, DK121531, DK124461, DK130875; Canada Research Chair: 950-232211, CIHRFDN148473, CIHRPJT185886; USDA Predoctoral Fellowship; Endowment from the Robinson Family and Tallahassee Memorial Hospital; Department of Defense W81XWH-20-1-0345 and HT9425-23-1-0244; American Diabetes Association #1-17-ACE-31; W.M. Keck Foundation Award; National Science Foundation CAREER 1941822
- R01 DK133399 NIDDK NIH HHS
- HT9425-23-1-0244 Department of Defense
- R01 DK092587 NIDDK NIH HHS
- W81XWH-20-1-0345 Department of Defense
- 1941822 National Science Foundation
- R01 MH059911 NIMH NIH HHS
- F31 DC016817 NIDCD NIH HHS
- R01 AG079877 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 DK017047 NIDDK NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Ferrario
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Heike Münzberg-Gruening
- Laboratory of Central Leptin Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Linda Rinaman
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - J Nicholas Betley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Monica Dus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Debra A Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Kathryn F Medler
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Darleen A Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Claire B de La Serre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alan G Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Padma Maruvada
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diana Cummings
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley M Cooke
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Ballesio A, Santamaria T, Furio S, Parisi P, Polese D, Micheli F, Baccini F, Di Nardo G, Lombardo C. Associations between immune biomarkers and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A preliminary longitudinal analysis. Physiol Behav 2024; 278:114510. [PMID: 38479583 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity may influence the onset of affective symptoms and alter sleep patterns in chronic inflammatory conditions. Here, we tested the prospective associations between baseline serum C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and CRP/albumin ratio (CAR, i.e., an emerging biomarker of disease activity), and self-reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia at 1-year follow up in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (n = 17). After controlling for baseline values, CAR (ρ = 0.591, p = 0.026) predicted anxiety symptoms, while albumin predicted both anxiety (ρ = -0.687, p = 0.007) and insomnia symptoms (ρ = -0.648, p = 0.012). Current findings preliminarily suggest that inflammation may influence anxiety and sleep disturbance in paediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Santamaria
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Furio
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Polese
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Micheli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Baccini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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4
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Aghighi F, Salami M. What we need to know about the germ-free animal models. AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:107-147. [PMID: 38525038 PMCID: PMC10955174 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM), as a forgotten organ, refers to the microbial community that resides in the gastrointestinal tract and plays a critical role in a variety of physiological activities in different body organs. The GM affects its targets through neurological, metabolic, immune, and endocrine pathways. The GM is a dynamic system for which exogenous and endogenous factors have negative or positive effects on its density and composition. Since the mid-twentieth century, laboratory animals are known as the major tools for preclinical research; however, each model has its own limitations. So far, two main models have been used to explore the effects of the GM under normal and abnormal conditions: the isolated germ-free and antibiotic-treated models. Both methods have strengths and weaknesses. In many fields of host-microbe interactions, research on these animal models are known as appropriate experimental subjects that enable investigators to directly assess the role of the microbiota on all features of physiology. These animal models present biological model systems to either study outcomes of the absence of microbes, or to verify the effects of colonization with specific and known microbial species. This paper reviews these current approaches and gives advantages and disadvantages of both models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran
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5
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Salvi J, Andreoletti P, Audinat E, Balland E, Ben Fradj S, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Heurtaux T, Liénard F, Nédélec E, Rovère C, Savary S, Véjux A, Trompier D, Benani A. Microgliosis: a double-edged sword in the control of food intake. FEBS J 2024; 291:615-631. [PMID: 35880408 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining energy balance is essential for survival and health. This physiological function is controlled by the brain, which adapts food intake to energy needs. Indeed, the brain constantly receives a multitude of biological signals that are derived from digested foods or that originate from the gastrointestinal tract, energy stores (liver and adipose tissues) and other metabolically active organs (muscles). These signals, which include circulating nutrients, hormones and neuronal inputs from the periphery, collectively provide information on the overall energy status of the body. In the brain, several neuronal populations can specifically detect these signals. Nutrient-sensing neurons are found in discrete brain areas and are highly enriched in the hypothalamus. In turn, specialized brain circuits coordinate homeostatic responses acting mainly on appetite, peripheral metabolism, activity and arousal. Accumulating evidence shows that hypothalamic microglial cells located at the vicinity of these circuits can influence the brain control of energy balance. However, microglial cells could have opposite effects on energy balance, that is homeostatic or detrimental, and the conditions for this shift are not totally understood yet. One hypothesis relies on the extent of microglial activation, and nutritional lipids can considerably change it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Salvi
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Eglantine Balland
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Selma Ben Fradj
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- IPMC, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphane Savary
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Véjux
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Doriane Trompier
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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6
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Cui CP, Xiong X, Zhao JX, Fu DH, Zhang Y, Ma PB, Wu D, Li BY. Piezo1 channel activation facilitates baroreflex afferent neurotransmission with subsequent blood pressure reduction in control and hypertension rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:76-86. [PMID: 37670136 PMCID: PMC10770313 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive cation channels such as Piezo1 and Piezo2 are activated by mechanical force like a starched wall of the aorta while blood pressure (BP) rising, which helps to elucidate the underlying mechanism of mechanotransduction of baroreceptor endings. In this study we investigated how Piezo1 channel activation-mediated gender- and afferent-specific BP regulation in rats. We established high-fat diet and fructose drink-induced hypertension model rats (HFD-HTN) and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-sensitive hypertension model rats. We showed that the expression levels of Piezo1 and Piezo2 were significantly up-regulated in left ventricle of HFD and DOCA hypertensive rats, whereas the down-regulation of Piezo1 was likely to be compensated by Piezo2 up-regulation in the aorta. Likewise, down-regulated Piezo1 was observed in the nodose ganglion (NG), while up-regulated Piezo2 was found in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which might synergistically reduce the excitatory neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic membrane. Notably, microinjection of Yoda1 (0.025-2.5 mg/ml) into the NG concentration-dependently reduced BP in both hypertensive rat models as well as in control rats with similar EC50; the effect of Yoda1 was abolished by microinjection of a Piezo1 antagonist GsMTx4 (1.0 μM). Functional analysis in an in vitro aortic arch preparation showed that instantaneous firing frequency of single Ah-fiber of aortic depressor nerve was dramatically increased by Yoda1 (0.03-1.0 μM) and blocked by GsMTx4 (1.0 μM). Moreover, spontaneous synaptic currents recorded from identified 2nd-order Ah-type baroreceptive neurons in the NTS was also facilitated over 100% by Yoda1 (1.0 μM) and completely blocked by GsMTx4 (3.0 μM). These results demonstrate that Piezo1 expressed on Ah-type baroreceptor and baroreceptive neurons in the NG and NTS plays a key role in a sexual-dimorphic BP regulation under physiological and hypertensive condition through facilitation of baroreflex afferent neurotransmission, which is presumably collaborated by Piezo2 expression at different level of baroreflex afferent pathway via compensatory and synergistic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Peng Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xue Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dong-Hong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Peng-Bo Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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7
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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8
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Kardan R, Hemmati J, Nazari M, Ahmadi A, Asghari B, Azizi M, Khaledi M, Arabestani MR. Novel therapeutic strategy for obesity through the gut microbiota-brain axis: A review article. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2024; 15:215-227. [PMID: 38807723 PMCID: PMC11129059 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Background: The interaction between commensal bacteria and the host is essential for health and the gut microbiota-brain axis plays a vital role in this regard. Obesity as a medical problem not only affect the health of the individuals, but also the economic and social aspects of communities. The presence of any dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota disrupts in the gut microbiota-brain axis, which in turn leads to an increase in appetite and then obesity. Because common treatments for obesity have several drawbacks, the use of microbiota-based therapy in addition to treatment and prevention of obesity can have other numerous benefits for the individual. In this review, we intend to investigate the relationship between obesity and the gut microbiota-brain axis as well as novel treatment strategies based on this axis with an emphasis on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Kardan
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- These authors contributed equally in this article
| | - Jaber Hemmati
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- These authors contributed equally in this article
| | - Mohsen Nazari
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amjad Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Babak Asghari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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9
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Echeverria-Villalobos M, Tortorici V, Brito BE, Ryskamp D, Uribe A, Weaver T. The role of neuroinflammation in the transition of acute to chronic pain and the opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1297931. [PMID: 38161698 PMCID: PMC10755684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1297931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that activation of glial and immune cells leads to increased production of proinflammatory mediators, creating a neuroinflammatory state. Neuroinflammation has been proven to be a fundamental mechanism in the genesis of acute pain and its transition to neuropathic and chronic pain. A noxious event that stimulates peripheral afferent nerve fibers may also activate pronociceptive receptors situated at the dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn of the spinal cord, as well as peripheral glial cells, setting off the so-called peripheral sensitization and spreading neuroinflammation to the brain. Once activated, microglia produce cytokines, chemokines, and neuropeptides that can increase the sensitivity and firing properties of second-order neurons, upregulating the signaling of nociceptive information to the cerebral cortex. This process, known as central sensitization, is crucial for chronification of acute pain. Immune-neuronal interactions are also implicated in the lesser-known complex regulatory relationship between pain and opioids. Current evidence suggests that activated immune and glial cells can alter neuronal function, induce, and maintain pathological pain, and disrupt the analgesic effects of opioid drugs by contributing to the development of tolerance and dependence, even causing paradoxical hyperalgesia. Such alterations may occur when the neuronal environment is impacted by trauma, inflammation, and immune-derived molecules, or when opioids induce proinflammatory glial activation. Hence, understanding these intricate interactions may help in managing pain signaling and opioid efficacy beyond the classical pharmacological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Tortorici
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Center of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Beatriz E. Brito
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Center of Experimental Medicine, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - David Ryskamp
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alberto Uribe
- Anesthesiology Department, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tristan Weaver
- Anesthesiology Department, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Kim JS, Williams KC, Kirkland RA, Schade R, Freeman KG, Cawthon CR, Rautmann AW, Smith JM, Edwards GL, Glenn TC, Holmes PV, de Lartigue G, de La Serre CB. The gut-brain axis mediates bacterial driven modulation of reward signaling. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101764. [PMID: 37380023 PMCID: PMC10372379 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal is to investigate if microbiota composition modulates reward signaling and assess the role of the vagus in mediating microbiota to brain communication. METHODS Male germ-free Fisher rats were colonized with gastrointestinal contents from chow (low fat (LF) ConvLF) or HF (ConvHF) fed rats. RESULTS Following colonization, ConvHF rats consumed significantly more food than ConvLF animals. ConvHF rats displayed lower feeding-induced extracellular DOPAC levels (a metabolite of dopamine) in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) as well as reduced motivation for HF foods compared to ConvLF rats. Dopamine receptor 2 (DDR2) expression levels in the NAc were also significantly lower in ConvHF animals. Similar deficits were observed in conventionally raised HF fed rats, showing that diet-driven alteration in reward can be initiated via microbiota. Selective gut to brain deafferentation restored DOPAC levels, DRD2 expression, and motivational drive in ConvHF rats. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from these data that a HF-type microbiota is sufficient to alter appetitive feeding behavior and that bacteria to reward communication is mediated by the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung S Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Ruth Schade
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gaylen L Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, USA
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, USA
| | | | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Monell Chemical Senses Center and Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Rosendo-Silva D, Viana S, Carvalho E, Reis F, Matafome P. Are gut dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and endotoxemia related to adipose tissue dysfunction in metabolic disorders? Overview of the mechanisms involved. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1287-1302. [PMID: 37014495 PMCID: PMC10412677 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, compelling evidence points to dysbiosis and disruption of the epithelial intestinal barrier as major players in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Upon the intestinal barrier disruption, components from bacterial metabolism and bacteria itself can reach peripheral tissues through circulation. This has been associated with the low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity and other metabolic diseases. While circulating bacterial DNA has been postulated as a common feature of obesity and even type 2 diabetes, almost no focus has been given to the existence and effects of bacteria in peripheral tissues, namely the adipose tissue. As a symbiont population, it is expected that gut microbiota modulate the immunometabolism of the host, thus influencing energy balance mechanisms and inflammation. Gut inflammatory signals cause direct deleterious inflammatory responses in adipose tissue and may also affect key gut neuroendocrine mechanisms governing nutrient sensing and energy balance, like incretins and ghrelin, which play a role in the gut-brain-adipose tissue axis. Thus, it is of major importance to disclose how gut microbiota and derived signals modulate neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways, which contribute to the dysfunction of adipose tissue and to the metabolic sequelae of obesity and related disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding these topics and identifies new perspectives in this field of research, highlighting new pathways toward the reduction of the inflammatory burden of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rosendo-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, Pole III of University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, 1st floor, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Hamamah S, Amin A, Al-Kassir AL, Chuang J, Covasa M. Dietary Fat Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Impact on Regulatory Pathways Controlling Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3365. [PMID: 37571301 PMCID: PMC10421457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that the development of obesity may be influenced by taxonomic shifts in gut microbiota in response to the consumption of dietary fats. Further, these alterations in gut microbiota have been shown to promote important changes in satiation signals including gut hormones (leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1, peptide YY and CCK) and orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides (AgRP, NPY, POMC, CART) that influence hyperphagia and therefore obesity. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which gut microbiota can influence these satiation signals both locally in the gastrointestinal tract and via microbiota-gut-brain communication. Then, we describe the effects of dietary interventions and associated changes in gut microbiota on satiety signals through microbiota-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we present microbiota optimizing therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and weight loss surgery that can help restore beneficial gut microbiota by enhancing satiety signals to reduce hyperphagia and subsequent obesity. Overall, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary fats induce taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota and their impact on satiation signaling pathways will help develop more targeted therapeutic interventions in delaying the onset of obesity and in furthering its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Arman Amin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Abdul Latif Al-Kassir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Judith Chuang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (S.H.); (A.A.); (A.L.A.-K.); (J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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13
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Siopi E, Galerne M, Rivagorda M, Saha S, Moigneu C, Moriceau S, Bigot M, Oury F, Lledo PM. Gut microbiota changes require vagus nerve integrity to promote depressive-like behaviors in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3002-3012. [PMID: 37131071 PMCID: PMC10615761 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress constitutes a major risk factor for depression that can disrupt various aspects of homeostasis, including the gut microbiome (GM). We have recently shown that GM imbalance affects adult hippocampal (HPC) neurogenesis and induces depression-like behaviors, with the exact mechanisms being under active investigation. Here we hypothesized that the vagus nerve (VN), a key bidirectional route of communication between the gut and the brain, could relay the effects of stress-induced GM changes on HPC plasticity and behavior. We used fecal samples derived from mice that sustained unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to inoculate healthy mice and assess standard behavioral readouts for anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, conduct histological and molecular analyses for adult HPC neurogenesis and evaluate neurotransmission pathways and neuroinflammation. To study the potential role of the VN in mediating the effects of GM changes on brain functions and behavior, we used mice that sustained subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vx) prior the GM transfer. We found that inoculation of healthy mice with GM from UCMS mice activates the VN and induces early and sustained changes in both serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission pathways in the brainstem and HPC. These changes are associated with prompt and persistent deficits in adult HPC neurogenesis and induce early and sustained neuroinflammatory responses in the HPC. Remarkably, Vx abrogates adult HPC neurogenesis deficits, neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior, suggesting that vagal afferent pathways are necessary to drive GM-mediated effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Siopi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Mathieu Galerne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Manon Rivagorda
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Soham Saha
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Carine Moigneu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Moriceau
- Platform for Neurobehavior and Metabolism, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, 26 INSERM US24/CNRS UAR 3633, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bigot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Franck Oury
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
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14
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Marques LS, Jung JT, Zborowski VA, Pinheiro RC, Nogueira CW, Zeni G. Emotional-Single Prolonged Stress: A promising model to illustrate the gut-brain interaction. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114070. [PMID: 36574940 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive stress can precipitate depression and anxiety diseases, and damage gastrointestinal functionality and microbiota changes, favoring the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) - defined by dysregulation in the brain-gut interaction. Therefore, the present study investigated if Emotional-Single Prolonged Stress (E-SPS) induces depressive/anxiety-like phenotype and gut dysfunction in adult Swiss male mice. For this, mice of the E-SPS group were subjected to three stressors sequential exposure: immobilization, swimming, and odor of the predator for 7 days (incubation period). Next, animals performed behavior tests and 24 h later, samples of feces, blood, and colon tissue were collected. E-SPS increased the plasma corticosterone levels, immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim test, decreased the grooming time in the splash test, OAT%, and OAE% in the elevated plus-maze test, as well as increased anxiety index. Mice of E-SPS had increased % of intestinal transit rate, % of fecal moisture content, and fecal pellets number, and decreased Claudin1 content in the colon. E-SPS decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidia class, Bacteroidales order, Muribaculaceae and Porphyromonadaceae family, Muribaculum, and Duncaniella genus. However, E-SPS increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phylum, Coriobacteriales order, and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and demonstrated Mucispirillum genus presence. The present study showed that E-SPS induced depressive/anxiety-like phenotype, predominant diarrhea gut dysfunction, and modulated the gut bacterial microbiota profile in male adult Swiss mice. E-SPS might be a promising model for future studies on the brain-gut interaction and the development of FGIDs with psychological comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza S Marques
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Tk Jung
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Zborowski
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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15
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The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pathogenesis of depression: A narrative review. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114056. [PMID: 36528127 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional regulatory pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, which plays an important role in maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota could influence the behavior, cognition, stress response and others via the axis. Depression is a complex psychiatric disease, giving rise to heavy social health and economic burden. In recent years, studies have shown that the gut microbiota are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of depression. In this article, the interaction and its underlying mechanisms between depression and gut microbiota were summarized.
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16
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D'Alessandro G, Marrocco F, Limatola C. Microglial cells: Sensors for neuronal activity and microbiota-derived molecules. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011129. [PMID: 36426369 PMCID: PMC9679421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells play pleiotropic homeostatic activities in the brain, during development and in adulthood. Microglia regulate synaptic activity and maturation, and continuously patrol brain parenchyma monitoring for and reacting to eventual alterations or damages. In the last two decades microglia were given a central role as an indicator to monitor the inflammatory state of brain parenchyma. However, the recent introduction of single cell scRNA analyses in several studies on the functional role of microglia, revealed a not-negligible spatio-temporal heterogeneity of microglial cell populations in the brain, both during healthy and in pathological conditions. Furthermore, the recent advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of cerebral activity induced by gut microbe-derived molecules open new perspectives for deciphering the role of microglial cells as possible mediators of these interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent studies correlating gut-derived molecules and vagal stimulation, as well as dysbiotic events, to alteration of brain functioning, and the contribution of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Marrocco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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17
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Factors Affecting the Circulating Levels of Oxyntomodulin in Health and After Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2022; 51:774-783. [PMID: 36395403 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the factors associated with the circulating levels of oxyntomodulin in healthy individuals and individuals after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Blood samples were collected from all participants after an overnight fast and analyzed for 28 biomarkers. Participants also underwent comprehensive body composition analysis on a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Regression analyses were done to investigate the associations between oxyntomodulin and the studied factors. RESULTS The study included 105 individuals who had a primary diagnosis of AP and 58 healthy individuals. Peptide YY (B coefficient, 0.094; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.164-0.123), pancreatic polypeptide (0.048; 95% CI, 0.030-0.066), and leptin (0.394; 95% CI, 0.128-0.661) had significant associations with oxyntomodulin in healthy individuals. Peptide YY was the most prominent factor associated with oxyntomodulin, explaining 60% of its variance in health. Cholecystokinin (0.014; 95% CI, 0.010-0.018), amylin (-0.107; 95% CI, -0.192 to -0.021), and glycated hemoglobin (-0.761; 95% CI, -1.249 to -0.273) had significant associations with oxyntomodulin in individuals after AP. Cholecystokinin was the most prominent factor associated with oxyntomodulin, explaining 44% of its variance after AP. CONCLUSIONS Factors affecting the circulating levels of oxyntomodulin are different in health and after AP. These insights will enable the determination of populations that benefit from oxyntomodulin therapeutics in the future.
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18
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Johnson KVA, Steenbergen L. Do common antibiotic treatments influence emotional processing? Physiol Behav 2022; 255:113900. [PMID: 35810835 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide, yet research in recent years has revealed the detrimental effect they can have on the human microbiome, with implications for health. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gut has been shown to regulate physiological and neural processes. Since studies in both humans and animal models have revealed that the gut microbiome can affect the brain, influencing emotion and cognition, here we investigate whether antibiotic treatment is associated with changes in emotional processing and mood with a between-subject design in 105 young healthy adult volunteers, using both psychological tests and questionnaires. As both the immune system and vagal signalling can mediate the microbiome-gut-brain axis, we also assess whether there is any evidence of such changes in participant physiology. We find that individuals who have taken antibiotics in the past three months show a stronger emotional bias towards sadness and at a physiological level they have a higher heart rate (though this does not mediate the relationship with negative bias). While we cannot rule out a possible role of prior infection, our findings are in any case highly relevant in light of research revealing that antibiotics are linked to increased susceptibility to depression and anxiety. Our results also have implications for listing antibiotic use as an exclusion criterion in studies on emotional processing and psychophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina V-A Johnson
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden, 2333 AK, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Steenbergen
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden, 2333 AK, The Netherlands
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19
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Dai W, Liu J, Qiu Y, Teng Z, Li S, Yuan H, Huang J, Xiang H, Tang H, Wang B, Chen J, Wu H. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Current Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893567. [PMID: 35677440 PMCID: PMC9168430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the gut microbiota influences mood and cognitive function through the gut-brain axis, which is involved in the pathophysiology of neurocognitive and mental disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. These disorders have similar pathophysiology to that of cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder (BD), including neuroinflammation and dysregulation of various neurotransmitters (i.e., serotonin and dopamine). There is also emerging evidence of alterations in the gut microbial composition of patients with BD, suggesting that gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to disease progression and cognitive impairment in BD. Therefore, microbiota-centered treatment might be an effective adjuvant therapy for BD-related cognitive impairment. Given that studies focusing on connections between the gut microbiota and BD-related cognitive impairment are lagging behind those on other neurocognitive disorders, this review sought to explore the potential mechanisms of how gut microbial dysbiosis affects cognitive function in BD and identify potential microbiota-centered treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostic, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhou R, Qian S, Cho WCS, Zhou J, Jin C, Zhong Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Xu Z, Tian M, Chan LWC, Zhang H. Microbiota-microglia connections in age-related cognition decline. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13599. [PMID: 35349746 PMCID: PMC9124309 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process that all individuals experience, of which the extent differs among individuals. It has been recognized as the risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting gut microbiota compositions, microglia, and cognition abilities. Aging‐induced changes in gut microbiota compositions have a critical role in orchestrating the morphology and functions of microglia through the gut‐brain axis. Gut microbiota communicates with microglia by its secreted metabolites and neurotransmitters. This is highly associated with age‐related cognitive declines. Here, we review the main composition of microbiota in the aged individuals, outline the changes of the brain in age‐related cognitive decline from a neuroinflammation perspective, especially the changes of morphology and functions of microglia, discuss the crosstalk between microbiota and microglia in the aged brain and further highlight the role of microbiota‐microglia connections in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shufang Qian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jinyun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Zhoujiao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Lawrence W. C. Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- The College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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21
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Keller BN, Hajnal A, Browning KN, Arnold AC, Silberman Y. Involvement of the Dorsal Vagal Complex in Alcohol-Related Behaviors. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:801825. [PMID: 35330845 PMCID: PMC8940294 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.801825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms that regulate the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD) are complex and involve a wide variety of within and between systems neuroadaptations. While classic reward, preoccupation, and withdrawal neurocircuits have been heavily studied in terms of AUD, viable treatment targets from this established literature have not proven clinically effective as of yet. Therefore, examination of additional neurocircuitries not classically studied in the context of AUD may provide novel therapeutic targets. Recent studies demonstrate that various neuropeptides systems are important modulators of alcohol reward, seeking, and intake behaviors. This includes neurocircuitry within the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), which is involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system, control of intake of natural rewards like food, and acts as a relay of interoceptive sensory information via interactions of numerous gut-brain peptides and neurotransmitter systems with DVC projections to central and peripheral targets. DVC neuron subtypes produce a variety of neuropeptides and transmitters and project to target brain regions critical for reward such as the mesolimbic dopamine system as well as other limbic areas important for the negative reinforcing and aversive properties of alcohol withdrawal such as the extended amygdala. This suggests the DVC may play a role in the modulation of various aspects of AUD. This review summarizes the current literature on neurotransmitters and neuropeptides systems in the DVC (e.g., norepinephrine, glucagon-like peptide 1, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone), and their potential relevance to alcohol-related behaviors in humans and rodent models for AUD research. A better understanding of the role of the DVC in modulating alcohol related behaviors may lead to the elucidation of novel therapeutic targets for drug development in AUD.
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Rautmann AW, de La Serre CB. Microbiota's Role in Diet-Driven Alterations in Food Intake: Satiety, Energy Balance, and Reward. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093067. [PMID: 34578945 PMCID: PMC8470213 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host physiology and behavior, particularly feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. There is accumulating evidence demonstrating a role for gut microbiota in the etiology of obesity. In human and rodent studies, obesity and high-energy feeding are most consistently found to be associated with decreased bacterial diversity, changes in main phyla relative abundances and increased presence of pro-inflammatory products. Diet-associated alterations in microbiome composition are linked with weight gain, adiposity, and changes in ingestive behavior. There are multiple pathways through which the microbiome influences food intake. This review discusses these pathways, including peripheral mechanisms such as the regulation of gut satiety peptide release and alterations in leptin and cholecystokinin signaling along the vagus nerve, as well as central mechanisms, such as the modulation of hypothalamic neuroinflammation and alterations in reward signaling. Most research currently focuses on determining the role of the microbiome in the development of obesity and using microbiome manipulation to prevent diet-induced increase in food intake. More studies are necessary to determine whether microbiome manipulation after prolonged energy-dense diet exposure and obesity can reduce intake and promote meaningful weight loss.
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Loss of vagal integrity disrupts immune components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and inhibits the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on behavior and the corticosterone stress response. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108682. [PMID: 34175326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve is one of the major signalling components between the gut microbiota and brain. However, the exact relationship between gut-brain signaling along the vagus and the effects of gut microbes on brain function and behaviour is unclear. In particular, the relationship between the vagus nerve and immune signaling, that also appears to play a critical role in microbiota-gut-brain communication, has not been delineated. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on peripheral and central immune changes associated with the anxiolytic actions of L.rhamnosus. Male mice underwent vagotomy or sham surgery, followed by administration of L.rhamnosus for 14 days. L.rhamnosus administration following sham surgery resulted in reduced anxiety-like behaviour, and an attenuation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), as indicated by reduced plasma corticosterone after acute restraint stress. These effects were associated with an increase in splenic T regulatory cells and a decrease in activated microglia in the hippocampus. The anxiolytic effects, HPA modulation and increase in T regulatory cells were prevented by vagotomy, whereas vagotomy alone led to a significant increase in activated microglia in the hippocampus that was not altered with L.rhamnosus treatment. Thus, both microbe induced and constitutive vagal signaling influences critical immune components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These findings suggest that, rather than acting as a direct neural link to the central nervous system, the role of the vagus nerve in gut-microbe to brain signalling is as an integral component of a bi-directional neuroimmunoendocrine pathway.
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Urrutia MAD, Ramos AG, Menegusso RB, Lenz RD, Ramos MG, Tarone AG, Cazarin CBB, Cottica SM, da Silva SAV, Bernardi DM. Effects of supplementation with kombucha and green banana flour on Wistar rats fed with a cafeteria diet. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07081. [PMID: 34041411 PMCID: PMC8144004 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the increase of chronic diseases as a consequence of the population's eating habits, there is also a growing interest in foods rich in bioactive compounds capable of mitigating these diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with kombucha and green banana flour (GBF) on Wistar rats fed with cafeteria diet (CAF). Methods The animals were randomized into five groups of seven animals each, which were fed with the following diets: Treatment 1 (T1): Control treatment/commercial feed; Treatment 2 (T2): cafeteria diet (CAF); Treatment 3 (T3): CAF + kombucha; Treatment 4 (T4): CAF + green banana flour (GBF); Treatment 5 (T5): CAF + GBF + kombucha. Daily weight gain, daily food consumption, feed conversion, blood glucose, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, liver enzymes, antioxidant activity, and body composition were evaluated. Results T5 presented lower feed intake and less weight gain. Liver histology revealed vacuolization in all treatments except T1, which was confirmed by the results of liver enzymes. There was no increase in blood glucose, and changes were observed in the lipid profile of the animals. T1 had the lowest body fat and the highest protein levels. Differences were observed for the antioxidant capacity in the liver of animals among treatments. Conclusion The intake of cafeteria diet altered the lipid and liver profile of the animals and the consumption of kombucha and GBF did not prevent these changes. The high polyphenols level of kombucha did not exert a hepatoprotective effect as an antioxidant. However, this supplementation generated greater satiety in the animals, leading to less weight gain until the end of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Gemelli Ramos
- Centro Universitário Fundação Assis Gurgacz, Avenida da Torres, 500, Cascavel, PR, CEP: 85806 - 096, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Beatriz Menegusso
- Centro Universitário Fundação Assis Gurgacz, Avenida da Torres, 500, Cascavel, PR, CEP: 85806 - 096, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dewes Lenz
- Centro Universitário Fundação Assis Gurgacz, Avenida da Torres, 500, Cascavel, PR, CEP: 85806 - 096, Brazil
| | - Mateus Gemelli Ramos
- Federal University of Parana, Rua XV de Novembro, 1299, Centro, Curitiba, PR, CEP: 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gadioli Tarone
- University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, Caixa Postal: 6121, CEP: 13.083-862, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, Caixa Postal: 6121, CEP: 13.083-862, Brazil
| | - Solange Maria Cottica
- Federal Technological University of Parana, Rua Cristo Rei, 19, Vila Becker, Toledo, PR, CEP: 85902-490, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Miotto Bernardi
- Centro Universitário Fundação Assis Gurgacz, Avenida da Torres, 500, Cascavel, PR, CEP: 85806 - 096, Brazil
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Leclerc M, Dudonné S, Calon F. Can Natural Products Exert Neuroprotection without Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073356. [PMID: 33805947 PMCID: PMC8037419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of evidence on the neuroprotective impact of natural products has been greatly extended in recent years. However, a key question that remains to be answered is whether natural products act directly on targets located in the central nervous system (CNS), or whether they act indirectly through other mechanisms in the periphery. While molecules utilized for brain diseases are typically bestowed with a capacity to cross the blood–brain barrier, it has been recently uncovered that peripheral metabolism impacts brain functions, including cognition. The gut–microbiota–brain axis is receiving increasing attention as another indirect pathway for orally administered compounds to act on the CNS. In this review, we will briefly explore these possibilities focusing on two classes of natural products: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) from marine sources and polyphenols from plants. The former will be used as an example of a natural product with relatively high brain bioavailability but with tightly regulated transport and metabolism, and the latter as an example of natural compounds with low brain bioavailability, yet with a growing amount of preclinical and clinical evidence of efficacy. In conclusion, it is proposed that bioavailability data should be sought early in the development of natural products to help identifying relevant mechanisms and potential impact on prevalent CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- OptiNutriBrain-Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- OptiNutriBrain-Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- OptiNutriBrain-Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 48697); Fax: +1-(418)-654-2761
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26
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van Son J, Koekkoek LL, La Fleur SE, Serlie MJ, Nieuwdorp M. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Gut-Brain Axis in Obesity: Mechanisms and Future Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062993. [PMID: 33804250 PMCID: PMC7999163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the gut and the brain is essential for energy homeostasis. In obesity, this homeostasis is disrupted, leading to a positive energy balance and weight gain. Obesity is a global epidemic that affects individual health and strains the socioeconomic system. Microbial dysbiosis has long been reported in obesity and obesity-related disorders. More recent literature has focused on the interaction of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on human brain and behavior. Developing strategies that target the gut microbiota could be a future approach for the treatment of obesity. Here, we review the microbiota–gut–brain axis and possible therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie van Son
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Koekkoek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Susanne E. La Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Obesity and Related Type 2 Diabetes: A Failure of the Autonomic Nervous System Controlling Gastrointestinal Function? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic spread of obesity and type 2 diabetes is a serious health problem that cannot be contained with common therapies. At present, the most effective therapeutic tool is metabolic surgery, which substantially modifies the gastrointestinal anatomical structure. This review reflects the state of the art research in obesity and type 2 diabetes, describing the probable reason for their spread, how the various brain sectors are involved (with particular emphasis on the role of the vagal system controlling different digestive functions), and the possible mechanisms for the effectiveness of bariatric surgery. According to the writer’s interpretation, the identification of drugs that can modulate the activity of some receptor subunits of the vagal neurons and energy-controlling structures of the central nervous system (CNS), and/or specific physical treatment of cortical areas, could reproduce, non-surgically, the positive effects of metabolic surgery.
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