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Sang X, Guan X, Tong Y, Wang F, Zhou B, Li Y, Zhao Q. Sulfated Polysaccharides from Sea Cucumber Cooking Liquid Prevents Obesity by Modulating Gut Microbiome, Transcriptome, and Metabolite Profiles in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2024; 13:2017. [PMID: 38998524 PMCID: PMC11241695 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the anti-obesity mechanism from the microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome viewpoints, focusing on the sulfated polysaccharides found in the cooking liquid of Apostichopus japonicus (CLSPAJ) to explore the potential mediators of the anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The mice treated with CLSPAJ showed a decrease in obesity and blood lipid levels. Gut microbiome dysbiosis caused by the HFD was reversed after CLSPAJ supplementation, along with increased levels of indole-3-ethanol, N-2-succinyl-L-glutamic acid 5-semialdehyde, and urocanic acid. These increases were positively related to the increased Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Phascolarctobacterium. Transcriptome analysis showed that B cell receptor signaling and cytochrome P450 xenobiotic metabolism were the main contributors to the improvement in obesity. Metabolome-transcriptome analysis revealed that CLSPAJ reversal of obesity was mainly due to amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest that CLSPAJ could be a valuable prebiotic preparation for preventing obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High-Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xin Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yao Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fuyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Boqian Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High-Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (X.S.); (X.G.); (Y.T.); (F.W.); (B.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High-Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre, Dalian 116000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Sun F. Frontiers and hotspots of high-intensity interval exercise in children and adolescents: text mining and knowledge domain visualization. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1330578. [PMID: 38510943 PMCID: PMC10952003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1330578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: During the past two decades, research on high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in children and adolescents has steadily accumulated, especially on the subthemes of improving cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health. However, there is still little scientific understanding of using scientometric analysis to establish knowledge maps. Exploring the relationship between known and new emerging ideas and their potential value has theoretical and practical implications in the context of a researcher's limited ability to read, analyze, and synthesize all published works. Objective: First, this study aims to provide extensive information on HIIE research in children and adolescents, including authors, institutions, countries, journals, and references. Second, the objective is to use co-occurrence, burst, and co-citation analyses based on hybrid node types to reveal hotspots and forecast frontiers for HIIE research in children and adolescents. Methods: Using the bibliographic data of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) as the data source, publications, authors, and journals were analyzed with the help of bibliometric methods and visualization tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Pajek, and Bibliometrix R package. Authorial, institutional, and national collaboration networks were plotted, along with research hotspots and research frontiers based on keyword bursts and document co-citations. Results: This study found that executive function, high-intensity interval training, heart rate variability, and insulin resistance are emerging research topics; high-intensity training, mental health, exercise intensity, and cardiometabolic risk factors are continual frontier research areas in the subthemes. Conclusion: Our study has three novel contributions. First, it explicitly and directly reflects the research history and current situation of the HIIE intervention strategy in children and adolescents. This approach makes it clear and easy to trace the origin and development of this strategy in specific groups of children and adolescents. Second, it analyzes the research hotspots of HIIE in the field and predicts the research frontiers and development trends, which will help researchers get a deeper understanding of HIIE and pediatric health research. Third, the findings will enable researchers to pinpoint the most influential scholars, institutions, journals, and references in the field, increasing the possibility of future collaborations between authors, institutions, and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Sun
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Keating SE, Sabag A, Hallsworth K, Hickman IJ, Macdonald GA, Stine JG, George J, Johnson NA. Exercise in the Management of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Adults: A Position Statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia. Sports Med 2023; 53:2347-2371. [PMID: 37695493 PMCID: PMC10687186 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting 25% of people globally and up to 80% of people with obesity. MAFLD is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver (hepatic steatosis) with varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. MAFLD is strongly linked with cardiometabolic disease and lifestyle-related cancers, in addition to heightened liver-related morbidity and mortality. This position statement examines evidence for exercise in the management of MAFLD and describes the role of the exercise professional in the context of the multi-disciplinary care team. The purpose of these guidelines is to equip the exercise professional with a broad understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings of MAFLD, how it is diagnosed and managed in clinical practice, and to provide evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for exercise therapy in MAFLD management. The majority of research evidence indicates that 150-240 min per week of at least moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can reduce hepatic steatosis by ~ 2-4% (absolute reduction), but as little as 135 min/week has been shown to be effective. While emerging evidence shows that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) approaches may provide comparable benefit on hepatic steatosis, there does not appear to be an intensity-dependent benefit, as long as the recommended exercise volume is achieved. This dose of exercise is likely to also reduce central adiposity, increase cardiorespiratory fitness and improve cardiometabolic health, irrespective of weight loss. Resistance training should be considered in addition to, and not instead of, aerobic exercise targets. The information in this statement is relevant and appropriate for people living with the condition historically termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), regardless of terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Room 534, Bd 26B, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Angelo Sabag
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Hallsworth
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ingrid J Hickman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, PA-Southside Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graeme A Macdonald
- Faculty of Medicine, PA-Southside Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University- College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Liver Center, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan A Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Szűcs G, Pipicz M, Szabó MR, Csont T, Török L, Csonka C. Effect of Eccentric Exercise on Metabolic Health in Diabetes and Obesity. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37775653 PMCID: PMC10541389 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence showing the importance of physical activity against civilization-induced metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. Eccentric contraction, when skeletal muscles generate force by lengthening, is a unique type of skeletal muscle activity. Eccentric contraction may lead to better power production characteristics of the muscle because eccentric contraction requires less energy and can result in higher tension. Therefore, it is an ideal tool in the rehabilitation program of patients. However, the complex metabolic effect (i.e., fat mass reduction, increased lipid oxidation, improvement in blood lipid profile, and increased insulin sensitivity) of the eccentric contraction alone has scarcely been investigated. This paper aims to review the current literature to provide information on whether eccentric contraction can influence metabolic health and body composition in T2DM or obesity. We also discussed the potential role of myokines in mediating the effects of eccentric exercise. A better understanding of the mechanism of eccentric training and particularly their participation in the regulation of metabolic diseases may widen their possible therapeutic use and, thereby, may support the fight against the leading global risks for mortality in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Szűcs
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Richárd Szabó
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Török
- Department of Traumatology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 107, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csonka
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Sports Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 107, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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Stine JG, Long MT, Corey KE, Sallis RE, Allen AM, Armstrong MJ, Conroy DE, Cuthbertson DJ, Duarte-Rojo A, Hallsworth K, Hickman IJ, Kappus MR, Keating SE, Pugh CJA, Rotman Y, Simon TL, Vilar-Gomez E, Wai-Sun Wong V, Schmitz KH. Physical Activity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Roundtable Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1717-1726. [PMID: 37126039 PMCID: PMC10524517 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although physical activity (PA) is crucial in the prevention and clinical management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, most individuals with this chronic disease are inactive and do not achieve recommended amounts of PA. There is a robust and consistent body of evidence highlighting the benefit of participating in regular PA, including a reduction in liver fat and improvement in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, vascular biology, and health-related quality of life. Importantly, the benefits of regular PA can be seen without clinically significant weight loss. At least 150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA are recommended weekly for all patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including those with compensated cirrhosis. If a formal exercise training program is prescribed, aerobic exercise with the addition of resistance training is preferred. In this roundtable document, the benefits of PA are discussed, along with recommendations for 1) PA assessment and screening; 2) how best to advise, counsel, and prescribe regular PA; and 3) when to refer to an exercise specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University- College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Michelle T. Long
- Section of Gastroenterology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Robert E. Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Sports Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, CA
| | - Alina M. Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew J. Armstrong
- Liver Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham, and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David E. Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Daniel J. Cuthbertson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andres Duarte-Rojo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kate Hallsworth
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ingrid J. Hickman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
| | - Matthew R. Kappus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Shelley E. Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
| | - Christopher J. A. Pugh
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver & Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tracey L. Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CHINA
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Khalafi M, Symonds ME, Ghasemi F, Rosenkranz SK, Rohani H, Hossein Sakhaei M. The effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110741. [PMID: 37276984 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia (PPG) and insulinemia (PPI) in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched until May 2022 using the key words "exercise," "postprandial," and "randomized control trial" to identify original studies investigating the effects of exercise training on PPG and/or PPI in adults with a body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 25 kg.m2. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models to calculate effect sizes for outcomes and to generate forest plots. Sub-group analyses and meta-regressions were performed for potential categorical and continuous moderators. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies involving 41 intervention arms and 1,401 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training significantly decreased PPG [-0.36 (95% CI -0.50 to -0.22), p=0.001] and PPI [-0.37 (95% CI -0.52 to -0.21), p=0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that PPG decreased following both aerobic and resistance training; whereas PPI was reduced following aerobic training, independent of age, BMI, and baseline glucose levels. Meta-regression analyses showed that frequency of exercise sessions, intervention durations, and duration of exercise time, did not moderate the effects of exercise training on PPI or PPG (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders, exercise training is effective for reducing PPG and PPI, across ages and BMIs, irrespective of baseline glucose levels and exercise training characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Faeghe Ghasemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Hadi Rohani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
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Kavyani Z, Dehghan P, Khani M, Khalafi M, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of camelina sativa oil and high-intensity interval training on liver function and metabolic outcomes in male type 2 diabetic rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1102862. [PMID: 36937342 PMCID: PMC10014722 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent and combined effects of camelina sativa oil and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on liver function, and metabolic outcomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five equal groups (8 per group): Normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + camelina sativa oil (300 mg/kg by oral gavage per day; D + CSO), diabetic + HIIT (running on a treadmill 5 days/week for 8 weeks; D + HIIT), diabetic + camelina sativa oil + HIIT (D + CSO + HIIT). Results In all three intervention groups (D + CSO, D + HIIT, and D + CSO + HIIT) compared to the DC, hepatic TNF-α, MDA, and histopathology markers, decreased and hepatic PGC-1α, and PPAR-γ increased (p < 0.05). However, the effect of D + CSO was greater than D + HIIT alone. Hepatic TG decreased significantly in D + HIIT and D + CSO + HIIT compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucose in all three intervention groups (D + CSO, D + HIIT, and D + CSO + HIIT) and HOMA-IR in D + CSO and D + CSO + HIIT were decreased compared to DC (p < 0.001). Only hepatic TAC and fasting plasma insulin remained unaffected in the three diabetic groups (p < 0.001). Overall, D + CSO + HIIT had the largest effect on all outcomes. Conclusions At the doses and treatment duration used in the current study, combination of CSO and HIIT was beneficial for reducing liver function and metabolic outcomes other than CSO and HIIT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvin Dehghan,
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Khalafi M, Sakhaei MH, Kazeminasab F, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of high-intensity interval training on vascular function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1046560. [PMID: 36465439 PMCID: PMC9713318 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1046560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or with no exercise (CON) on vascular function in adults who were free of cardiometabolic diseases and those with cardiometabolic diseases. Methods A search across three electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted through February 2022 to identify the randomized trials evaluating HIIT vs. MICT and/or CON on vascular function as measured using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in adults. Separate analyses were conducted for HIIT vs. MICT and/or CON to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using random or fixed models. Results A total of 36 studies involving 1,437 participants who were either free of cardiometabolic diseases or had cardiometabolic diseases were included in the meta-analysis. HIIT effectively increased FMD when compared with MICT [1.59% (95% CI 0.87-2.31), p = 0.001] or CON [3.80% (95% CI 2.58-5.01), p = 0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that HIIT increased FMD in participants with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but not in participants who were free of cardiometabolic diseases. In addition, HIIT effectively increased FMD regardless of age and body mass index. Conclusion We confirm that HIIT is effective for improving vascular function in individuals with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases and has a superior effect compared to MICT, demonstrating time efficiency. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022320863].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is often caused by obesity. Currently, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are two effective treatments for reducing fat mass in patients with obesity and NAFLD. However, the comparative fat-reducing effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of MICT and HIIT remain unclear. This comprehensive study was performed on male Wistar rats treated with standard diet, high-fat diet, MICT, and HIIT to explore their comparative fat-reducing effects and corresponding molecular mechanisms. HIIT had a greater effect on hepatic vacuolation density and lipid content reduction than MICT, and triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in the serum and the liver demonstrated different sensitivities to different exercise training programs. At the molecular level, both MICT and HIIT altered the processes of fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid transport, fatty acid β-oxidation, and cholesterol synthesis, wherein the transcriptional and translational levels of signaling molecules peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulating fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis were strongly changed. Moreover, the metabolic pathways of amino acids, bile acids, and carbohydrates were also affected according to transcriptome analysis, and the changes in the above-mentioned processes in the HIIT group were greater than those in the MICT group. In combination with the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) analysis and the role of PPARs in lipid metabolism, as well as the expression pattern of PPARs in the MICT and HIIT groups, the MICT-and HIIT-induced fat loss was mediated by the PPAR pathway, causing feedback responses in fatty acid, steroid, amino acid, bile acid, and carbohydrate metabolism, and HIIT had a better fat-reducing effect, which may be initiated by PPAR-α. This study provides a theoretical basis for targeted therapy of patients with obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Gu
- Department of Sports and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea; Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaocui Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Mo
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
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Moslemi E, Dehghan P, Khani M. The effect of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and performance in active people: A blinded randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 28:100951. [PMID: 35769196 PMCID: PMC9234073 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient training method to improve vascular function, maximal oxygen consumption, and muscle mitochondrial capacity while maximizing muscular damage. Recently, functional foods have been considered a practical approach to avoiding HIIT damage and improving sports performance. Thus, the present study will evaluate the effectiveness of date seed powder as a functional food on the nutritional, oxidative stress, anti/inflammatory status, mental health, and performance of active people. Methods This study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which will be conducted among recreational runners at Tabriz stadiums, Iran. Thirty-six recreational runners will be randomly selected into two groups to consume 26 g/d date seed powder or placebo for 14 days. Both groups will do HIIT workouts. Body composition, food intake, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), uric acid, protein carbonyl (PC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6/IL-10, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MYO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), irisin, cortisol, muscle pain, aerobic and anaerobic performance will be evaluated at the beginning, end of the intervention and 24 h later. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of TBZMED (No.IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.1011). This research's findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (www.IRCT.ir/, IRCT20150205020965N9). Date seed powder may have the potential to improve exercise performance in healthy and active subjects performing HIIT bouts. The date seed is known as an excellent functional food due to its being high in polyphenols, and total dietary fiber. The consumption of date seed powder would improve oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health and performance. The results of this trial can be used to provide evidence-based recommendations for recreational runners, and nutritionists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding author. Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Khalafi M, Mojtahedi S, Ostovar A, Rosenkranz SK, Korivi M. High-intensity interval exercise versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on postprandial glucose and insulin responses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13459. [PMID: 35535401 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) as compared to moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) and a control condition (CON) on postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were comprehensively searched to identify relevant studies until October 2021. Separate analyses were conducted for HIIE versus MIE and HIIE versus CON. A total of 30 studies comprising 36 intervention arms and involving 467 participants (350 adults) were included in the meta-analysis. HIIE reduced PPG and PPI when compared with CON. Based on subgroup analyses, reductions in PPG and PPI were significant for both children and adult participants, as well as for healthy participants and participants with metabolic disorders, with larger effects in those with metabolic disorders. There were no significant differences between HIIE and MIE for PPG or PPI. However, when comparing studies matched for total work performed, HIIE was more effective for decreasing PPG as compared with MIE. HIIE is effective for reducing PPG and PPI in both children and adult participants, particularly in those with metabolic disorders. In addition, HIIE has superior effects for reducing PPG as compared with MIE, when equivalent work was performed at both intensity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shima Mojtahedi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostovar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Khalafi M, Ravasi AA, Malandish A, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of high-intensity interval training on postprandial glucose and insulin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109815. [PMID: 35271876 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) versus non-exercise control and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in participants with both normal and impaired glucose. METHODS The PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched up to October 2021 for randomized trials evaluating HIIT versus control and/or versus MICT on glucose and insulin AUC using oral glucose tolerance testing. Subgroup analyses based on intervention duration (short-duration < 8 weeks, moderate-duration ≥ 8 weeks), baseline glucose levels (normal glucose and impaired glucose) and type of HIIT (L-HIIT and SIT) were also conducted across included studies. RESULTS A total of 25 studies involving 870 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. HIIT effectively reduced glucose [-0.37 (95% CI -0.60 to -0.13), p = 0.002] and insulin [-0.36 (95% CI -0.68 to -0.04), p = 0.02] AUC when compared with a CON group. Reductions in glucose AUC were significant for those with impaired glucose at baseline (p = 0.03), but not for those with normal glucose levels (p = 0.11) and following moderate-duration (p = 0.01), but not short-duration interventions (p = 0.18). However, there were no differences in glucose (p = 0.76) or insulin (p = 0.43) AUC between HIIT and MICT intervention arms. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that both HIIT and MICT are effective for reducing postprandial glycemia and insulinemia, particularly by moderate-duration interventions, and in those with impaired glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Ali A Ravasi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Malandish
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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