1
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Kunz CF, de Vries S, de Vries J. Plant terrestrialization: an environmental pull on the evolution of multi-sourced streptophyte phenolics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230358. [PMID: 39343031 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds of land plants are varied: they are chemodiverse, are sourced from different biosynthetic routes and fulfil a broad spectrum of functions that range from signalling phytohormones, to protective shields against stressors, to structural compounds. Their action defines the biology of land plants as we know it. Often, their roles are tied to environmental responses that, however, impacted already the algal progenitors of land plants, streptophyte algae. Indeed, many streptophyte algae successfully dwell in terrestrial habitats and have homologues for enzymatic routes for the production of important phenolic compounds, such as the phenylpropanoid pathway. Here, we synthesize what is known about the production of specialized phenolic compounds across hundreds of millions of years of streptophyte evolution. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which selective pressures borne out of environmental cues shaped the chemodiversity of phenolics in streptophytes. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cäcilia F Kunz
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
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2
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Dong P, Fan Y, Huo YX, Sun L, Guo S. Pathway-Adapted Biosensor for High-Throughput Screening of O-Methyltransferase and its Application in Vanillin Synthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2873-2886. [PMID: 39208264 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vanillin is a widely used flavoring compound in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics area. However, the biosynthesis of vanillin from low-cost shikimic acid is significantly hindered by the low activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, caffeate O-methyltransferase (COMT). To screen COMT variants with improved conversion rates, we designed a biosensing system that is adaptable to the COMT-mediated vanillin synthetic pathway. Through the evolution of aldehyde transcriptional factor YqhC, we obtained a dual-responsive variant, MuYqhC, which positively responds to the product and negatively responds to the substrate, with no response to intermediates. Using the MuYqhC-based vanillin biosensor, we successfully identified a COMT variant, Mu176, that displayed a 7-fold increase in the conversion rate compared to the wild-type COMT. This variant produced 2.38 mM vanillin from 3 mM protocatechuic acid, achieving a conversion rate of 79.33%. The enhanced activity of Mu176 was attributed to an enlarged binding pocket and strengthened substrate interaction. Applying Mu176 to Bacillus subtilis increased the level of vanillin production from shikimic acid by 2.39-fold. Further optimization of the production chassis, increasing the S-adenosylmethionine supply and the precursor concentration, elevated the vanillin titer to 1 mM, marking the highest level of vanillin production from shikimic acid in Bacillus. Our work highlights the significance of the MuYqhC-based biosensing system and the Mu176 variant in vanillin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yunjuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, 063611 Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, 063611 Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
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3
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Zeng T, Jin Z, Zheng S, Yu T, Wu R. Developing BioNavi for Hybrid Retrosynthesis Planning. JACS AU 2024; 4:2492-2502. [PMID: 39055138 PMCID: PMC11267531 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Illuminating synthetic pathways is essential for producing valuable chemicals, such as bioactive molecules. Chemical and biological syntheses are crucial, and their integration often leads to more efficient and sustainable pathways. Despite the rapid development of retrosynthesis models, few of them consider both chemical and biological syntheses, hindering the pathway design for high-value chemicals. Here, we propose BioNavi by innovating multitask learning and reaction templates into the deep learning-driven model to design hybrid synthesis pathways in a more interpretable manner. BioNavi outperforms existing approaches on different data sets, achieving a 75% hit rate in replicating reported biosynthetic pathways and displaying superior ability in designing hybrid synthesis pathways. Additional case studies further illustrate the potential application of BioNavi in a de novo pathway design. The enhanced web server (http://biopathnavi.qmclab.com/bionavi/) simplifies input operations and implements step-by-step exploration according to user experience. We show that BioNavi is a handy navigator for designing synthetic pathways for various chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhehao Jin
- Center
for Synthetic Biochemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering
Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
(CAS), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuangjia Zheng
- Global
Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Center
for Synthetic Biochemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering
Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
(CAS), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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4
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Brescia FF, Korf L, Essen LO, Zorn H, Ruehl M. A Novel O- and S-Methyltransferase from Pleurotus sapidus Is Involved in Flavor Formation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6471-6480. [PMID: 38462720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Increasing consumer aversion to non-natural flavoring substances is prompting a heightened interest in enzymatic processes for flavor production. This includes methylation reactions, which are often performed by using hazardous chemicals. By correlation of aroma profile data and transcriptomic analysis, a novel O-methyltransferase (OMT) catalyzing a respective reaction within the formation of p-anisaldehyde was identified in the mushroom Pleurotus sapidus. Heterologous expression in E. coli followed by purification allowed for further characterization of the enzyme. Besides p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, the proposed precursor of p-anisaldehyde, the enzyme catalyzed the methylation of further hydroxylated aromatic compounds at the meta- and para-position. The Km values determined for p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and S-adenosyl-l-methionine were 80 and 107 μM, respectively. Surprisingly, the studied enzyme enabled the transmethylation of thiol-nucleophiles, as indicated by the formation of 2-methyl-3-(methylthio)furan from 2-methyl-3-furanthiol. Moreover, the enzyme was crystallized at a resolution of 2.0 Å, representing the first published crystal structure of a basidiomycetous OMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Francesco Brescia
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Lukas Korf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Philips University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Philips University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Martin Ruehl
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, Giessen 35392, Germany
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5
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Lam LPY, Lui ACW, Bartley LE, Mikami B, Umezawa T, Lo C. Multifunctional 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferases (CAldOMTs) in plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1671-1695. [PMID: 38198655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, flavonoids, melatonin, and stilbenes are plant specialized metabolites with diverse physiological and biological functions, supporting plant growth and conferring stress resistance. Their biosynthesis requires O-methylations catalyzed by 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase (CAldOMT; also called caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT). CAldOMT was first known for its roles in syringyl (S) lignin biosynthesis in angiosperm cell walls and later found to be multifunctional. This enzyme also catalyzes O-methylations in flavonoid, melatonin, and stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the convergent evolution of enzymes with OMT activities towards the monolignol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in some gymnosperm species that lack S-lignin and Selaginella moellendorffii, a lycophyte which produces S-lignin. Furthermore, neofunctionalization of CAldOMTs occurred repeatedly during evolution, generating unique O-methyltransferases (OMTs) with novel catalytic activities and/or accepting novel substrates, including lignans, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and phenylpropenes. This review summarizes multiple aspects of CAldOMTs and their related proteins in plant metabolism and discusses their evolution, molecular mechanism, and roles in biorefineries, agriculture, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Pui Ying Lam
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Andy C W Lui
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Cai T, Sharif Y, Zhuang Y, Yang Q, Chen X, Chen K, Chen Y, Gao M, Dang H, Pan Y, Raza A, Zhang C, Chen H, Zhuang W. In-silico identification and characterization of O-methyltransferase gene family in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) reveals their putative roles in development and stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145624. [PMID: 37063183 PMCID: PMC10102615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a leading protein and oil-providing crop and food source in many countries. At the same time, it is affected by a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. O-methyltransferases (OMTs) play important roles in secondary metabolism, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the OMT genes have not been comprehensively analyzed in peanut. In this study, we performed a genome-wide investigation of A. hypogaea OMT genes (AhOMTs). Gene structure, motifs distribution, phylogenetic history, genome collinearity and duplication of AhOMTs were studied in detail. Promoter cis-elements, protein-protein interactions, and micro-RNAs targeting AhOMTs were also predicted. We also comprehensively studied their expression in different tissues and under different stresses. We identified 116 OMT genes in the genome of cultivated peanut. Phylogenetically, AhOMTs were divided into three groups. Tandem and segmental duplication events played a role in the evolution of AhOMTs, and purifying selection pressure drove the duplication process. AhOMT promoters were enriched in several key cis-elements involved in growth and development, hormones, light, and defense-related activities. Micro-RNAs from 12 different families targeted 35 AhOMTs. GO enrichment analysis indicated that AhOMTs are highly enriched in transferase and catalytic activities, cellular metabolic and biosynthesis processes. Transcriptome datasets revealed that AhOMTs possessed varying expression levels in different tissues and under hormones, water, and temperature stress. Expression profiling based on qRT-PCR results also supported the transcriptome results. This study provides the theoretical basis for further work on the biological roles of AhOMT genes for developmental and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiecheng Cai
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meijia Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Dang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yijing Pan
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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7
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Wu D, Guo J, Zhang Q, Shi S, Guan W, Zhou C, Chen R, Du B, Zhu L, He G. Necessity of rice resistance to planthoppers for OsEXO70H3 regulating SAMSL excretion and lignin deposition in cell walls. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1031-1046. [PMID: 35119102 PMCID: PMC9306520 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The planthopper resistance gene Bph6 encodes a protein that interacts with OsEXO70E1. EXO70 forms a family of paralogues in rice. We hypothesized that the EXO70-dependent trafficking pathway affects the excretion of resistance-related proteins, thus impacting plant resistance to planthoppers. Here, we further explored the function of EXO70 members in rice resistance against planthoppers. We used the yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays to identify proteins that play roles in Bph6-mediated planthopper resistance. The functions of the identified proteins were characterized via gene transformation, plant resistance evaluation, insect performance, cell excretion observation and cell wall component analyses. We discovered that another EXO70 member, OsEXO70H3, interacted with BPH6 and functioned in cell excretion and in Bph6-mediated planthopper resistance. We further found that OsEXO70H3 interacted with an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase-like protein (SAMSL) and increased the delivery of SAMSL outside the cells. The functional impairment of OsEXO70H3 and SAMSL reduced the lignin content and the planthopper resistance level of rice plants. Our results suggest that OsEXO70H3 may recruit SAMSL and help its excretion to the apoplast where it may be involved in lignin deposition in cell walls, thus contributing to rice resistance to planthoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Shaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Wei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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8
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Deklerck V, Fowble KL, Coon AM, Espinoza EO, Beeckman H, Musah RA. Opportunities in phytochemistry, ecophysiology and wood research via laser ablation direct analysis in real time imaging-mass spectrometry. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:319-331. [PMID: 34861069 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of wood transects in a manner that preserves the spatial distribution of the metabolites present is highly desirable to among other things: (1) facilitate ecophysiology studies that reveal the association between chemical make-up and environmental factors or climatic events over time; and (2) investigate the mechanisms of the synthesis and trafficking of small molecules within specialised tissues. While a variety of techniques could be applied to achieve these goals, most remain challenging and impractical. Laser ablation direct analysis in real time imaging-mass spectrometry (LADI-MS) was successfully used to survey the chemical profile of wood, while also preserving the small-molecule spatial distributions. The tree species Entandrophragma candollei Harms, Millettia laurentii DeWild., Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen, Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Benth. and Dalbergia normandii Bosser & R.Rabev were analysed. Several compounds were associated with anatomical features. A greater diversity was detected in the vessels and parenchyma compared with the fibres. Analysis of single vessels revealed that the chemical fingerprint used for timber identification is mainly determined by vessel content. Laser ablation direct analysis in real time imaging-mass spectrometry offers unprecedented opportunities to investigate the distribution of metabolites within wood samples, while circumventing the issues associated with previous methods. This technique opens up new vistas for the discovery of small-molecule biomarkers that are linked to environmental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Deklerck
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond,, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Kristen L Fowble
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Allix M Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Edgard O Espinoza
- US National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 East Main Street, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteensweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
| | - Rabi A Musah
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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9
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Yang B, Liu SH, He Y, Li Y, Feng L, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Yu X, Chen H, Hou D, Zhao J, Yu M. Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics to identify key coumarin biosynthetic genes in Bupleurum chinense. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2023327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shi-Hang Liu
- Department of Genetic Resources, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yilian He
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuchan Li
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- Department of Genetic Resources, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Genetic, Genetic Research Institute, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yongchuan, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dabin Hou
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Department of Genetic Resources, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ma Yu
- Department of Agronomy, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, PR China
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10
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Yang H, Barros-Rios J, Kourteva G, Rao X, Chen F, Shen H, Liu C, Podstolski A, Belanger F, Havkin-Frenkel D, Dixon RA. A re-evaluation of the final step of vanillin biosynthesis in the orchid Vanilla planifolia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 139:33-46. [PMID: 28411481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A recent publication describes an enzyme from the vanilla orchid Vanilla planifolia with the ability to convert ferulic acid directly to vanillin. The authors propose that this represents the final step in the biosynthesis of vanillin, which is then converted to its storage form, glucovanillin, by glycosylation. The existence of such a "vanillin synthase" could enable biotechnological production of vanillin from ferulic acid using a "natural" vanilla enzyme. The proposed vanillin synthase exhibits high identity to cysteine proteases, and is identical at the protein sequence level to a protein identified in 2003 as being associated with the conversion of 4-coumaric acid to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. We here demonstrate that the recombinant cysteine protease-like protein, whether expressed in an in vitro transcription-translation system, E. coli, yeast, or plants, is unable to convert ferulic acid to vanillin. Rather, the protein is a component of an enzyme complex that preferentially converts 4-coumaric acid to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, as demonstrated by the purification of this complex and peptide sequencing. Furthermore, RNA sequencing provides evidence that this protein is expressed in many tissues of V. planifolia irrespective of whether or not they produce vanillin. On the basis of our results, V. planifolia does not appear to contain a cysteine protease-like "vanillin synthase" that can, by itself, directly convert ferulic acid to vanillin. The pathway to vanillin in V. planifolia is yet to be conclusively determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Yang
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jaime Barros-Rios
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Galina Kourteva
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73402, USA
| | - Xiaolan Rao
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Chenggang Liu
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Andrzej Podstolski
- Institute of Plant Experimental Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Faith Belanger
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Daphna Havkin-Frenkel
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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11
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Jin Y, Ye N, Zhu F, Li H, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhang J. Calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28 targets the methionine adenosyltransferases for degradation by the 26S proteasome and affects ethylene biosynthesis and lignin deposition in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:304-318. [PMID: 28112445 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is synthesized by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), and plays an essential role in ethylene biosynthesis and other methylation reactions. Despite increasing knowledge of MAT regulation at transcriptional levels, how MAT is post-translationally regulated remains unknown in plant cells. Phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification for regulating the activity of enzymes, protein function and signaling transduction. Using molecular and biochemical approaches, we have identified the phosphorylation of MAT proteins by calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK28). Phenotypically, both MAT2-overexpressing transgenic plants and cpk28 mutants display short hypocotyls and ectopic lignifications. Their shortened hypocotyl phenotypes are caused by ethylene overproduction and rescued by ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine treatment. Genetic evidence reveals that MAT2 mutation restores the phenotype of ectopic lignification in CPK28-deficient plants. We find that total MAT proteins and AdoMet are increased in cpk28 mutants, but decreased in CPK28-overexpressing seedlings. We also find that MATs in OE::CPK28 are degraded through the 26S proteasome pathway. Our work suggests that CPK28 targets MATs (MAT1, MAT2 and MAT3) for degradation by the 26S proteasome pathway, and thus affects ethylene biosynthesis and lignin deposition in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Systematic analysis of O -methyltransferase gene family and identification of potential members involved in the formation of O -methylated flavonoids in Citrus. Gene 2016; 575:458-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Khalil MNA, Brandt W, Beuerle T, Reckwell D, Groeneveld J, Hänsch R, Gaid MM, Liu B, Beerhues L. O-Methyltransferases involved in biphenyl and dibenzofuran biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:263-76. [PMID: 26017378 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Malinae involving apple and pear. Biosynthesis of the defence compounds includes two O-methylation reactions. cDNAs encoding the O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes were isolated from rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) cell cultures after treatment with an elicitor preparation from the scab-causing fungus, Venturia inaequalis. The preferred substrate for SaOMT1 was 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, supplied by the first pathway-specific enzyme, biphenyl synthase (BIS). 3,5-Dihydroxybiphenyl underwent a single methylation reaction in the presence of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). The second enzyme, SaOMT2, exhibited its highest affinity for noraucuparin, however the turnover rate was greater with 5-hydroxyferulic acid. Both substrates were only methylated at the meta-positioned hydroxyl group. The substrate specificities of the OMTs and the regiospecificities of their reactions were rationalized by homology modeling and substrate docking. Interaction of the substrates with SAM also took place at a position other than the sulfur group. Expression of SaOMT1, SaOMT2 and SaBIS3 was transiently induced in rowan cell cultures by the addition of the fungal elicitor. While the immediate SaOMT1 products were not detectable in elicitor-treated cell cultures, noraucuparin and noreriobofuran accumulated transiently, followed by increasing levels of the SaOMT2 products aucuparin and eriobofuran. SaOMT1, SaOMT2 and SaBIS3 were N- and C-terminally fused with the super cyan fluorescent protein and a modified yellow fluorescent protein, respectively. All the fluorescent reporter fusions were localized to the cytoplasm of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermis cells. A revised biosynthetic pathway of biphenyls and dibenzofurans in the Malinae is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N A Khalil
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Reckwell
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Josephine Groeneveld
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mariam M Gaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benye Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Hussain H, Krohn K, Al-Harrasi A, Kouam SF, Abbas G, Raees MA, Dzeha T, Ullah R, Zahoor A, Shah A, Badshah A, Khan A, Ali I, Schulz B. Microdiplanol and microdiplane: a new m-anisaldehyde and a new 24-methylcholestanol derivative from the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia sp. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:733-737. [PMID: 25559395 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.989221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia sp. afforded a new m-anisaldehyde derivative named microdiplanol (1) and a new 24-methylcholestanol derivative named microdiplane (2). Their structures were confirmed by a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Paderborn , 33098 Paderborn , Germany
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15
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Guo Q, Ma X, Wei S, Qiu D, Wilson IW, Wu P, Tang Q, Liu L, Dong S, Zu W. De novo transcriptome sequencing and digital gene expression analysis predict biosynthetic pathway of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline from Uncaria rhynchophylla, a non-model plant with potent anti-alzheimer's properties. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:676. [PMID: 25112168 PMCID: PMC4143583 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The major medicinal alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (gouteng in chinese) capsules are rhynchophylline (RIN) and isorhynchophylline (IRN). Extracts containing these terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) can inhibit the formation and destabilize preformed fibrils of amyloid β protein (a pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease), and have been shown to improve the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer-like symptoms. The biosynthetic pathways of RIN and IRN are largely unknown. Results In this study, RNA-sequencing of pooled Uncaria capsules RNA samples taken at three developmental stages that accumulate different amount of RIN and IRN was performed. More than 50 million high-quality reads from a cDNA library were generated and de novo assembled. Sequences for all of the known enzymes involved in TIAs synthesis were identified. Additionally, 193 cytochrome P450 (CYP450), 280 methyltransferase and 144 isomerase genes were identified, that are potential candidates for enzymes involved in RIN and IRN synthesis. Digital gene expression profile (DGE) analysis was performed on the three capsule developmental stages, and based on genes possessing expression profiles consistent with RIN and IRN levels; four CYP450s, three methyltransferases and three isomerases were identified as the candidates most likely to be involved in the later steps of RIN and IRN biosynthesis. Conclusion A combination of de novo transcriptome assembly and DGE analysis was shown to be a powerful method for identifying genes encoding enzymes potentially involved in the biosynthesis of important secondary metabolites in a non-model plant. The transcriptome data from this study provides an important resource for understanding the formation of major bioactive constituents in the capsule extract from Uncaria, and provides information that may aid in metabolic engineering to increase yields of these important alkaloids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-676) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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16
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Negrel J, Javelle F, Wipf D. Detection of an O-methyltransferase synthesising acetosyringone in methyl jasmonate-treated tobacco cell-suspensions cultures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 99:52-60. [PMID: 24445177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetosyringone (3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyacetophenone) is a well-known and very effective inducer of the virulence genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens but the precise pathway of its biosynthesis in plants is still unknown. We have used two tobacco cell lines, cultured in suspension and exhibiting different patterns of accumulation of acetosyringone in their culture medium upon treatment with methyl jasmonate, to study different steps of acetosyringone biosynthesis. In the two cell lines studied, treatment with 100 μM methyl jasmonate triggered a rapid and transient increase in acetovanillone synthase activity followed by a progressive increase in S-adenosyl-L-methionine: 5-hydroxyacetovanillone 5-O-methyltransferase activity which paralleled the rise in acetosyringone concentration in the culture medium. This O-methyltransferase displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Km value of 18 μM for 5-hydroxyacetovanillone and its activity was magnesium-independent. Its molecular mass was estimated by gel permeation on an FPLC column and was found to be of ca. 81 kDa. 5-Hydroxyacetovanillone was the best substrate among the different o-diphenolic compounds tested as methyl acceptors in the O-methyltransferase assay. No formation of 5-hydroxyacetovanillone could be detected in vitro from 5-hydroxyferuloyl-CoA and NAD in the extracts used to measure acetovanillone synthase activity, indicating that 5-hydroxyacetovanillone is probably formed by direct hydroxylation of acetovanillone rather than by β-oxidation of 5-hydroxyferulic acid. Taken together our results strongly support the hypothesis that acetosyringone biosynthesis in tobacco proceeds from feruloyl-CoA via acetovanillone and 5-hydroxyacetovanillone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Negrel
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie INRA, AgroSup, Université de Bourgogne, 17 rue Sully BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Francine Javelle
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie INRA, AgroSup, Université de Bourgogne, 17 rue Sully BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- UMR 1347 Agroécologie INRA, AgroSup, Université de Bourgogne, 17 rue Sully BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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17
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Naaz H, Pandey VP, Singh S, Dwivedi UN. Structure-function analyses and molecular modeling of caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase and caffeoyl-CoA-O-methyltransferase: revisiting the basis of alternate methylation pathways during monolignol biosynthesis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 60:170-89. [PMID: 23600572 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ten protein sequences, each of caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and caffeoyl-coenzyme A-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), catalyzing methylation of precursors of monolignol from selected dicots and monocots have been analyzed and compared on the basis of their amino acid sequence, motifs/domains, three-dimensional (3D) structure, and substrate binding. The isoelectric points of all the COMT and CCoAOMT sequences analyzed were found to vary in the pH range of 5 to 6. Molecular weight analyses suggested CCoAOMT to be smaller monomeric proteins (27-29 kDa) as compared with those of COMTs (39-40 kDa), which were dimeric. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, COMT and CCoAOMT were clustered into two major groups, each of which could be further divided into two subgroups of monocots and dicots. Modeling and superimposition of COMT and CCoAOMT sequences of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) revealed that both were quite different at the 3D levels, although they had similarity in the core region. Molecular docking of 16 putative substrates (intermediates of monolignol biosynthesis pathway) revealed that both enzymes interact with all 16 substrates in a similar manner, with thiol esters being the most potent and binding of these putative substrates to CCoAOMT being more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Naaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., India
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18
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Wu X, Wu J, Luo Y, Bragg J, Anderson O, Vogel J, Gu YQ. Phylogenetic, Molecular, and Biochemical Characterization of Caffeic Acid o-Methyltransferase Gene Family in Brachypodium distachyon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT GENOMICS 2013; 2013:423189. [PMID: 23431288 PMCID: PMC3562662 DOI: 10.1155/2013/423189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid o-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the important enzymes controlling lignin monomer production in plant cell wall synthesis. Analysis of the genome sequence of the new grass model Brachypodium distachyon identified four COMT gene homologs, designated as BdCOMT1, BdCOMT2, BdCOMT3, and BdCOMT4. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that they belong to the COMT gene family, whereas syntenic analysis through comparisons with rice and sorghum revealed that BdCOMT4 on Chromosome 3 is the orthologous copy of the COMT genes well characterized in other grass species. The other three COMT genes are unique to Brachypodium since orthologous copies are not found in the collinear regions of rice and sorghum genomes. Expression studies indicated that all four Brachypodium COMT genes are transcribed but with distinct patterns of tissue specificity. Full-length cDNAs were cloned in frame into the pQE-T7 expression vector for the purification of recombinant Brachypodium COMT proteins. Biochemical characterization of enzyme activity and substrate specificity showed that BdCOMT4 has significant effect on a broad range of substrates with the highest preference for caffeic acid. The other three COMTs had low or no effect on these substrates, suggesting that a diversified evolution occurred on these duplicate genes that not only impacted their pattern of expression, but also altered their biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianting Wu
- Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jiajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Avenue, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yangfan Luo
- Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jennifer Bragg
- Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Olin Anderson
- Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - John Vogel
- Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Yong Q. Gu
- Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- *Yong Q. Gu:
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19
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Palmer NA, Sattler SE, Saathoff AJ, Sarath G. A continuous, quantitative fluorescent assay for plant caffeic acid O-methyltransferases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5220-5226. [PMID: 20397733 DOI: 10.1021/jf904445q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant caffeic acid O-methyltransferases (COMTs) use S-adenosylmethionine (ado-met), as a methyl donor to transmethylate their preferred (phenolic) substrates in vivo, and will generally utilize a range of phenolic compounds in vitro. Collazo et al. (Anal. Biochem. 2005, 342, 86-92) have published a discrete, end-point fluorescence assay to detect histone methyltransferases using S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase and adeonsine deaminase as coupling enzymes and a thiol-specific fluorophore, Thioglo1, as the detecting reagent. Using this previous assay as a guide, we have developed and validated a facile, sensitive and real-time fluorescence assay for characterizing plant COMTs and in the process simplified the original assay as well by obviating the need for adenosine deaminase in the assay, and simultaneously converting an end-point assay into a continuous one. Our assay has been used to kinetically characterize recombinant sorghum COMT (Bmr-12) a key enzyme involved in cell wall lignification, and analyze COMT activity in maturing tillers from switchgrass plants. Data indicated that the calculated K(m) and V(max) values for the recombinant sorghum COMT using different substrates in the fluorescent assay were similar to published values for COMT enzymes from other plant species. Native COMT activity was greatest in internodes at the top of a tiller and declined in the more basal internodes. This new assay should have broad applicability for characterizing COMTs and potentially other plant methlytransferases that utilize ado-met as a methyl donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Palmer
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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20
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Messiano GB, da Silva T, Nascimento IR, Lopes LMX. Biosynthesis of antimalarial lignans from Holostylis reniformis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:590-596. [PMID: 19307005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Holostylis reniformis biosynthesizes 8-8' linked lignans without 9,9'-oxygenation. To elucidate the biosynthetic pathways to these lignans, the reputed precursors [U-(14)C]phenylalanine, [9-(3)H(1)]coniferyl alcohol, and [9-(3)H(1)]isoeugenol were administered to roots of the plant, which led to the incorporation of (3)H and (14)C into ten 2,7' linked-lignans (aryltetralone lignans) and two 7,7'-epoxylignans (furan lignans). These administration experiments demonstrated that the lignans were propenylphenol-derived and that H. reniformis can exhibit regioselective control over radical-radical coupling (via isoeugenol radicals). Regiospecific control over propenylphenol-derived lignan biosynthesis was observed, together with diastereoselective control of C2-C7' bond formation for the aryltetralone lignans (7'R). These experiments provide evidence that isoeugenol is a biosynthetic intermediate to the aryltetralone and furan lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele B Messiano
- Instituto de Química, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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21
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Bhuiya MW, Liu CJ. A cost-effective colorimetric assay for phenolic O-methyltransferases and characterization of caffeate 3-O-methyltransferases from Populus trichocarpa. Anal Biochem 2009; 384:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Structural and Functional Insights into O-Methyltransferase from Bacillus cereus. J Mol Biol 2008; 382:987-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Burga L, Wellmann F, Lukacin R, Witte S, Schwab W, Schröder J, Matern U. Unusual pseudosubstrate specificity of a novel 3,5-dimethoxyphenol O-methyltransferase cloned from Ruta graveolens L. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 440:54-64. [PMID: 16023070 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA was cloned from Ruta graveolens cells encoding a novel O-methyltransferase (OMT) with high similarity to orcinol or chavicol/eugenol OMTs, but containing a serine-rich N-terminus and a 13 amino acid insertion between motifs IV and V. Expression in Escherichia coli revealed S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent OMT activity with methoxylated phenols only with an apparent Km of 20.4 for the prime substrate 3,5-dimethoxyphenol. The enzyme forms a homodimer of 84 kDa, and the activity was insignificantly affected by 2.0 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+, whereas Fe2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ or Hg2+ were inhibitory (78-100%). Dithiothreitol (DTT) suppressed the OMT activity. This effect was examined further, and, in the presence of Zn2+ as a potential thiol methyltransferase (TMT) cofactor, the recombinant OMT methylated DTT to DTT-monomethylthioether. Sets of kinetic OMT experiments with 3,5-dimethoxyphenol at various Zn2+/DTT concentrations revealed the competitive binding of DTT with an apparent Ki of 52.0 microM. Thus, the OMT exhibited TMT activity with almost equivalent affinity to the thiol pseudosubstrate which is structurally unrelated to methoxyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Burga
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 17A, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
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24
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Jørgensen K, Rasmussen AV, Morant M, Nielsen AH, Bjarnholt N, Zagrobelny M, Bak S, Møller BL. Metabolon formation and metabolic channeling in the biosynthesis of plant natural products. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2005; 8:280-91. [PMID: 15860425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2005.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolon formation and metabolic channeling in plant secondary metabolism enable plants to effectively synthesize specific natural products and to avoid metabolic interference. Channeling can involve different cell types, take advantage of compartmentalization within the same cell or proceed directly within a metabolon. New experimental approaches document the importance of channeling in the synthesis of isoprenoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and cyanogenic glucosides. Metabolon formation and metabolic channeling in natural-product synthesis facilitate attempts to genetically engineer new pathways into plants to improve their content of valuable natural products. They also offer the opportunity to introduce new traits by genetic engineering to produce plant cultivars that adhere to the principle of substantial equivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Jørgensen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Lukacin R, Matern U, Specker S, Vogt T. Cations modulate the substrate specificity of bifunctional class I O-methyltransferase from Ammi majus. FEBS Lett 2005; 577:367-70. [PMID: 15556611 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase cDNA was cloned from dark-grown Ammi majus L. (Apiaceae) cells treated with a crude fungal elicitor and the open reading frame was expressed in Escherichia coli. The translated polypeptide of 27.1-kDa shared significant identity to other members of this highly conserved class of proteins and was 98.8% identical to the corresponding O-methyltransferase from parsley. For biochemical characterization, the recombinant enzyme could be purified to apparent homogeneity by metal-affinity chromatography, although the recombinant enzyme did not contain any affinity tag. Based on sequence analysis and substrate specificity, the enzyme classifies as a cation-dependent O-methyltransferase with pronounced preference for caffeoyl coenzyme A, when assayed in the presence of Mg2+-ions. Surprisingly, however, the substrate specificity changed dramatically, when Mg2+ was replaced by Mn2+ or Co2+ in the assays. This effect could point to yet unknown functions and substrate specificities in situ and suggests promiscuous roles for the lignin specific cluster of plant O-methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lukacin
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 17A, D- 35037 Marburg/Lahn, Germany
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