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Yang Y, Cao Y, Zhu C, Jin Y, Sun H, Wang R, Li M, Zhang Z. Functional activities of three Rehmannia glutinosa enzymes: Elucidation of the Rehmannia glutinosa salidroside biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 2024; 928:148815. [PMID: 39097208 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa produces many phenylethanoid glycoside (PhG) compounds, including salidroside, which not only possesses various biological activities but also is a core precursor of some medicinal PhGs, so it is very important to elucidate the species' salidroside biosynthesis pathway to enhance the production of salidroside and its derivations. Although some plant copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs), phenylacetaldehyde reductases (PARs) and UDP-glucose glucosyltransferases (UGTs) are thought to be vital catalytic enzymes involved in the downstream salidroside biosynthesis pathways, to date, none of these proteins or the associated genes in R. glutinosa have been characterized. To verify a postulated R. glutinosa salidroside biosynthetic pathway starting from tyrosine, this study identified and characterized a set of R. glutinosa genes encoding RgCuAO, RgPAR and RgUGT enzymes for salidroside biosynthesis. The functional activities of these proteins were tested in vitro by heterologous expression of these genes in Escherichia coli, confirming these catalytic abilities in these corresponding reaction steps of the biosynthetic pathway. Importantly, four enzyme-encoding genes (including the previously reported RgTyDC2 encoding tyrosine decarboxylase and the RgCuAO1, RgPAR1 and RgUGT2 genes) were cointegrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae to reconstitute the R. glutinosa salidroside biosynthetic pathway, achieving an engineered strain that produced salidroside and validating these enzymes' catalytic functions. This study elucidates the complete R. glutinosa salidroside biosynthesis pathway from tyrosine metabolism in S. cerevisiae, establishing a basic platform for the efficient production of salidroside and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | - Yiming Cao
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Changrui Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Huiwen Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou High-technology Zone, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
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2
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Zhang T, Tian S, Gao Z, Li Y, Jia H. Engineering an Ancestral Glycosyltransferase for Biosynthesis of 2-Phenylethyl-β-d-Glucopyranoside and Salidroside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19966-19976. [PMID: 39189841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are naturally occurring glycosides derived from plants with various biological activities. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the production of PhGs from phenylethanols via a transglycosylation reaction. The low activity and stability of glycosyltransferase limit its industrial application. An ancestral glycosyltransferase, UGTAn85, with heat resistance, alkali resistance, and high stability was resurrected using ancestral sequence reconstruction technology. This enzyme can efficiently convert phenylethanols to PhGs. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for UGTAn85 were found to be 70 °C and pH 10.0, respectively. This study employed a combination of structure-guided rational design and co-evolution analysis to enhance its catalytic activity. Potential mutation sites were identified through computer-aided design, including homology modeling, molecular docking, Rosetta dock design, molecular dynamics simulation, and co-evolution analysis. By targeted mutagenesis, the UGTAn85 mutant Q23E/N65D exhibited a 2.2-fold increase in enzyme activity (11.85 U/mg) and elevated affinity (Km = 0.11 mM) for 2-phenylethanol compared to UGTAn85. Following a fed-batch reaction, 36.16 g/L 2-phenylethyl-β-d-glucopyranoside and 51.49 g/L salidroside could be produced within 24 h, respectively. The findings in this study provide a new perspective on enhancing the stability and activity of glycosyltransferases, as well as a potential biocatalyst for the industrial production of PhGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shaowei Tian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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3
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Wang D, Luo R, Qin Z, Lin F, Xia X, Liu X, Hu G. Efficient Biosynthesis of Salidroside via Artificial in Vivo enhanced UDP-Glucose System Using Cheap Sucrose as Substrate. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22386-22397. [PMID: 38799314 PMCID: PMC11112596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Salidroside, a valuable phenylethanoid glycoside, is obtained from plants belonging to the Rhodiola genus, known for its diverse biological properties. At present, salidroside is still far from large-scale industrial production due to its lower titer and higher process cost. In this study, we have for the first time increased salidroside production by enhancing UDP-glucose supply in situ. We constructed an in vivo UDP-glucose regeneration system that works in conjunction with UDP-glucose transferase from Rhodiola innovatively to improve UDP-glucose availability. And a coculture was formed in order to enable de novo salidroside synthesis. Confronted with the influence of tyrosol on strain growth, an adaptive laboratory evolution strategy was implemented to enhance the strain's tolerance. Similarly, salidroside production was optimized through refinement of the fermentation medium, the inoculation ratio of the two microbes, and the inoculation size. The final salidroside titer reached 3.8 g/L. This was the highest titer achieved at the shake flask level in the existing reports. And this marked the first successful synthesis of salidroside in an in situ enhanced UDP-glucose system using sucrose. The cost was reduced by 93% due to the use of inexpensive substrates. This accomplishment laid a robust foundation for further investigations into the synthesis of other notable glycosides and natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- AgroParisTech, 22 place de l’Agronomie, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Dan Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Ruoshi Luo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Fanzhen Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Ge Hu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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He Y, Zhang K, Li S, Lu X, Zhao H, Guan C, Huang X, Shi Y, Kang Z, Fan Y, Li W, Chen C, Li G, Long O, Chen Y, Hu M, Cheng J, Xu B, Chapman MA, Georgiev MI, Fernie AR, Zhou M. Multiomics analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence in Rhizoctonia and jasmonic acid-mediated resistance in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2773-2798. [PMID: 37119263 PMCID: PMC10396374 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that seriously threatens the cultivation of economically important crops. Multiple strains with a very broad host range have been identified, but only 1 (AG1-IA, which causes rice sheath blight disease) has been examined in detail. Here, we analyzed AG4-HGI 3 originally isolated from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), but with a host range comparable to AG1-IA. Genome comparison reveals abundant pathogenicity genes in this strain. We used multiomic approaches to improve the efficiency of screening for disease resistance genes. Transcriptomes of the plant-fungi interaction identified differentially expressed genes associated with virulence in Rhizoctonia and resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Integration with jasmonate-mediated transcriptome and metabolome changes revealed a negative regulator of jasmonate signaling, cytochrome P450 (FtCYP94C1), as increasing disease resistance probably via accumulation of resistance-related flavonoids. The integration of resistance data for 320 Tartary buckwheat accessions identified a gene homolog to aspartic proteinase (FtASP), with peak expression following R. solani inoculation. FtASP exhibits no proteinase activity but functions as an antibacterial peptide that slows fungal growth. This work reveals a potential mechanism behind pathogen virulence and host resistance, which should accelerate the molecular breeding of resistant varieties in economically essential crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shijuan Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chaonan Guan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaliang Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ou Long
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mang Hu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Crop Gene Bank Building, Beijing 100081, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Malarz J, Yudina YV, Stojakowska A. Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants: Simple Phenolics, Phenolic Acids, Phenylethanoids, and Hydroxycinnamates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086920. [PMID: 37108084 PMCID: PMC10138958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived antioxidants are intrinsic components of human diet and factors implicated in tolerance mechanisms against environmental stresses in both plants and humans. They are being used as food preservatives and additives or ingredients of cosmetics. For nearly forty years, Rhizobium rhizogenes-transformed roots (hairy roots) have been studied in respect to their usability as producers of plant specialized metabolites of different, primarily medical applications. Moreover, the hairy root cultures have proven their value as a tool in crop plant improvement and in plant secondary metabolism investigations. Though cultivated plants remain a major source of plant polyphenolics of economic importance, the decline in biodiversity caused by climate changes and overexploitation of natural resources may increase the interest in hairy roots as a productive and renewable source of biologically active compounds. The present review examines hairy roots as efficient producers of simple phenolics, phenylethanoids, and hydroxycinnamates of plant origin and summarizes efforts to maximize the product yield. Attempts to use Rhizobium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation for inducing enhanced production of the plant phenolics/polyphenolics in crop plants are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Malarz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yulia V Yudina
- Educational and Scientific Medical Institute, National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyrpychova Street 2, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Comparative transcriptome analyses identify genes involved into the biosynthesis of forsythin and forsythoside A in Forsythia suspensa. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:731-741. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Rattan S, Kumar P, Kaur E, Sood A, Acharya V, Warghat AR. Comparative transcriptome and tissue-specific expression analysis of genes reveal tissue-cultured plants as an alternative source for phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids in Rhodiola imbricata (Edgew.). Gene X 2022; 836:146672. [PMID: 35714804 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata (Crassulaceae) is a traditional trans-Himalayan endangered medicinal herb with immense therapeutic applications. Over the years, over-exploitation, un-managed harvesting, and lack of captive cultivation procedures persuaded threat to its wild habitat. Plant tissue culture and RNA-Seq-based molecular bioprospection of key regulatory genes aid the understanding of molecular dynamics involved in specialized metabolites (phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids) biosynthesis and its sustainable production. Hence, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed using leaf and root tissues from the wild and tissue-cultured plants, revealing tissue-specific production of salidroside and rosavin. The transcriptome profiling resulted in 345 million high-quality reads yielding 92,380 unique transcripts with an N50 of 1260 bp. Tissue-specific gene expression analysis revealed that both phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids biosynthesis are predominantly associated with the shikimate pathway. In addition to RNA-Seq data, the downstream biosynthesis pathways genes viz., phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase (DAHPS), 3-dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS), shikimate kinase (SK), chorismate mutase (CM), arogenate dehydrogenase (TYRAAT), aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (TDC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4-CL), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) showed higher expression pattern in wild plant tissues compared to tissue-cultured plants. The transcript fold expression determined by RT-qPCR results followed similar patterns as those observed in RNA-seq and targeted metabolite profiling data. Salidroside and rosavin content in wild plants exhibited 2.40 fold and 1.77 fold increase accumulation compared to the tissue-cultured plant. The present investigation explained the tissue and condition-specific significant differences between the expression of proposed biosynthetic pathway genes and salidroside and rosavin content. Additionally, NAC, bHLH, and ARF were the most abundant transcription factor families found in the transcriptomic analysis of R. imbricata. The generated transcriptome dataset provides a valuable gene(s)/transcription factors hub that can be used for the sustainable production of salidroside and rosavin in R. imbricata under tissue culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Rattan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Archit Sood
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashish R Warghat
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Liu S, Xia Y, Yang H, Shen W, Chen X. Rational chromosome engineering of Escherichia coli for overproduction of salidroside. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Zhang Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Zhao R, Sun J, Yuan X, Xu H, Liu H, Wu Y. Gene excavation and expression analysis of CYP and UGT related to the post modifying stage of gypenoside biosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino by comprehensive analysis of RNA and proteome sequencing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260027. [PMID: 34874937 PMCID: PMC8651138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that gypenosides produced from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino are mainly dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins with diverse structures and important biological activities, but the mechanism of diversity for gypenoside biosynthesis is still unclear. In this study, a combination of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteome analysis and RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the proteins and genes related to gypenoside biosynthesis. A total of 3925 proteins were identified by proteomic sequencing, of which 2537 were quantified. Seventeen cytochrome P450 (CYP) and 11 uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) candidate genes involved in the side chain synthesis and modification of gypenosides were found. Seven putative CYPs (CYP71B19, CYP77A3, CYP86A7, CYP86A8, CYP89A2, CYP90A1, CYP94A1) and five putative UGTs (UGT73B4, UGT76B1, UGT74F2, UGT91C1 and UGT91A1) were selected as candidate structural modifiers of triterpenoid saponins, which were cloned for gene expression analysis. Comprehensive analysis of RNA sequencing and proteome sequencing showed that some CYPs and UGTs were found at both the transcription and translation levels. In this study, an expression analysis of 7 CYPs and 5 UGTs that contributed to gypenoside biosynthesis and distribution in G. pentaphyllum was performed, providing consistent results that will inspire more future research on vital genes/proteins involved in gypenoside biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Sichuan province, China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Yuanheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
| | - Xidong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
| | - Yaosheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Guangxi Higher Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi province, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Liu H, Tian Y, Zhou Y, Kan Y, Wu T, Xiao W, Luo Y. Multi-modular engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for high-titre production of tyrosol and salidroside. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2605-2616. [PMID: 32990403 PMCID: PMC8601180 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol and its glycosylated product salidroside are important ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. Despite the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to naturally synthesize tyrosol, high yield from de novo synthesis remains a challenge. Here, we used metabolic engineering strategies to construct S. cerevisiae strains for high-level production of tyrosol and salidroside from glucose. First, tyrosol production was unlocked from feedback inhibition. Then, transketolase and ribose-5-phosphate ketol-isomerase were overexpressed to balance the supply of precursors. Next, chorismate synthase and chorismate mutase were overexpressed to maximize the aromatic amino acid flux towards tyrosol synthesis. Finally, the competing pathway was knocked out to further direct the carbon flux into tyrosol synthesis. Through a combination of these interventions, tyrosol titres reached 702.30 ± 0.41 mg l-1 in shake flasks, which were approximately 26-fold greater than that of the WT strain. RrU8GT33 from Rhodiola rosea was also applied to cells and maximized salidroside production from tyrosol in S. cerevisiae. Salidroside titres of 1575.45 ± 19.35 mg l-1 were accomplished in shake flasks. Furthermore, titres of 9.90 ± 0.06 g l-1 of tyrosol and 26.55 ± 0.43 g l-1 of salidroside were achieved in 5 l bioreactors, both are the highest titres reported to date. The synergistic engineering strategies presented in this study could be further applied to increase the production of high value-added aromatic compounds derived from the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yujuan Tian
- Department of GastroenterologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of GastroenterologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Yeyi Kan
- Department of GastroenterologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Yunzi Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
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11
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Variability of Major Phenyletanes and Phenylpropanoids in 16-Year-Old Rhodiola rosea L. Clones in Norway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153463. [PMID: 32751483 PMCID: PMC7435400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. (roseroot) is an adaptogen plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. The broad spectrum of biological activity of R. rosea is attributed to its major phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids: rosavin, salidroside, rosin, cinnamyl alcohol, and tyrosol. In this study, we compared the content of phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes of R. rosea from the Norwegian germplasm collection collected in 2004 and in 2017. In general, the content of these bioactive compounds in 2017 was significantly higher than that observed in 2004. The freeze-drying method increased the concentration of all phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes compared with conventional drying at 70 °C. As far as we know, the content of salidroside (51.0 mg g−1) observed in this study is the highest ever detected in Rhodiola spp. Long-term vegetative propagation and high genetic diversity of R. rosea together with the freeze-drying method may have led to the high content of the bioactive compounds observed in the current study.
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12
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Fan F, Yang L, Li R, Zou X, Li N, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang X. Salidroside as a potential neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke: a review of sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanism and safety. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110458. [PMID: 32603893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salidroside (Sal) is a bioactive extract principally from traditional herbal medicine such as Rhodiola rosea L., which has been commonly used for hundreds of years in Asia countries. The excellent neuroprotective capacity of Sal has been illuminated in recent studies. This work focused on the source, pharmacokinetics, safety and anti-ischemic stroke (IS) effect of Sal, especially emphasizing its mechanism of action and BBB permeability. Extensive databases, including Pubmed, Web of science (WOS), Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were applied to obtain relevant online literatures. Sal exerts powerful therapeutic effects on IS in experimental models either in vitro or in vivo due to its neuroprotection, with significantly diminishing infarct size, preventing cerebral edema and improving neurological function. Also, the findings suggest the underlying mechanisms involve anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways and key molecules, such as NF-κB, TNF-α and PI3K/Akt pathway. In pharmacokinetics, although showing a rapid absorption and elimination, bioavailability of Sal is elevated under some non-physiological conditions. The component and its metabolite (tyrosol) are capable of distributing to brain tissue and the later keeps a higher level of concentration. Moreover, Sal scarcely has obvious toxicity or side effects in a variety of animal experiments and clinical trials, but combination of drugs and perinatal use of medicine should be taken more attentions. Finally, as an active ingredient, not only is Sal isolated from diverse plants with limited yield, but also large batches of the products can be harvested by biological and chemical synthesis. With higher efficacy and better safety profiles, Sal could sever as a promising neuroprotectant for preventing and treating IS. Nevertheless, further investigations are still required to explore the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of Sal in the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuemei Zou
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ning Li
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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13
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Xie H, Shen CY, Jiang JG. The sources of salidroside and its targeting for multiple chronic diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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14
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Wilson AE, Tian L. Phylogenomic analysis of UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases provides insights into the evolutionary landscape of glycosylation in plant metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:1273-1288. [PMID: 31446648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated metabolites generated by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play critical roles in plant interactions with the environment as well as human and animal nutrition. The evolution of plant UGTs has previously been explored, but with a limited taxon sampling. In this study, 65 fully sequenced plant genomes were analyzed, and stringent criteria for selection of candidate UGTs were applied to ensure a more comprehensive taxon sampling and reliable sequence inclusion. In addition to revealing the overall evolutionary landscape of plant UGTs, the phylogenomic analysis also resolved the phylogenetic association of UGTs from free-sporing plants and gymnosperms, and identified an additional UGT group (group R) in seed plants. Furthermore, lineage-specific expansions and contractions of UGT groups were detected in angiosperms, with the total number of UGTs per genome remaining constant generally. The loss of group Q UGTs in Poales and Brassicales, rather than functional convergence in the group Q containing species, was supported by a gene tree of group Q UGTs sampled from many species, and further corroborated by the absence of group Q homologs on the syntenic chromosomal regions in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicales). Branch-site analyses of the group Q UGT gene tree allowed for identification of branches and amino acid sites that experienced episodic positive selection. The positively selected sites are located on the surface of a representative group Q UGT (PgUGT95B2), away from the active site, suggesting their role in protein folding/stability or protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Wilson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Mirmazloum I, Ladányi M, Beinrohr L, Kiss-Bába E, Kiss A, György Z. Identification of a novel UDP-glycosyltransferase gene from Rhodiola rosea and its expression during biotransformation of upstream precursors in callus culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:847-858. [PMID: 31226374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) is a medicinal plant with adaptogenic properties and several pharmaceutically important metabolites. In this study, a full length cDNA encoding a UDPG gene of roseroot was identified, cloned and characterized. Its ORF (1425 bp) was transferred into E. coli, where the expression of the recombinant enzyme was confirmed. To monitor the enzyme activity, 3 precursors (tyramine, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate & tyrosol) of salidroside biosynthesis pathway were added to roseroot callus cultures and samples were harvested after 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 & 96 h. Along with the controls (without precursor feeding), each sample was subjected to HPLC and qRT-PCR for phytochemical and relative UDP-glycosyltransferase gene expression analysis, respectively. The HPLC analysis showed that the salidroside content significantly increased; reaching 0.5% of the callus dry weight (26-fold higher than the control) after 96 h when 2 mM tyrosol was given to the media. The expression of the UDP-glycosyltransferase increased significantly being the highest at 12 h after the feeding. The effect of tyramine and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate was not as pronounced as of tyrosol. Here, we introduce a R. rosea specific UDPG gene and its expression pattern after biotransformation of intermediate precursors in in vitro roseroot callus cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Biochemistry, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary; Food Science Innovation Centre, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Márta Ladányi
- Department of Biometrics and Agricultural Informatics, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Beinrohr
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Kiss-Bába
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Biochemistry, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kiss
- Food Science Innovation Centre, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna György
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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Liu X, Li L, Liu J, Qiao J, Zhao GR. Metabolic engineering Escherichia coli for efficient production of icariside D2. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:261. [PMID: 31709010 PMCID: PMC6833136 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariside D2 is a plant-derived natural glycoside with pharmacological activities of inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme and killing leukemia cancer cells. Production of icariside D2 by plant extraction and chemical synthesis is inefficient and environmentally unfriendly. Microbial cell factory offers an attractive route for economical production of icariside D2 from renewable and sustainable bioresources. RESULTS We metabolically constructed the biosynthetic pathway of icariside D2 in engineered Escherichia coli. We screened the uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and obtained an active RrUGT3 that regio-specifically glycosylated tyrosol at phenolic position to exclusively synthesize icariside D2. We put heterologous genes in E. coli cell for the de novo biosynthesis of icariside D2. By fine-tuning promoter and copy number as well as balancing gene expression pattern to decrease metabolic burden, the BMD10 monoculture was constructed. Parallelly, for balancing pathway strength, we established the BMT23-BMD12 coculture by distributing the icariside D2 biosynthetic genes to two E. coli strains BMT23 and BMD12, responsible for biosynthesis of tyrosol from preferential xylose and icariside D2 from glucose, respectively. Under the optimal conditions in fed-batch shake-flask fermentation, the BMD10 monoculture produced 3.80 g/L of icariside D2 using glucose as sole carbon source, and the BMT23-BMD12 coculture produced 2.92 g/L of icariside D2 using glucose-xylose mixture. CONCLUSIONS We for the first time reported the engineered E. coli for the de novo efficient production of icariside D2 with gram titer. It would be potent and sustainable approach for microbial production of icariside D2 from renewable carbon sources. E. coli-E. coli coculture approach is not limited to glycoside production, but could also be applied to other bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Lingling Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Jincong Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350 China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350 China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350 China
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Kapoor S, Sharma A, Bhardwaj P, Sood H, Saxena S, Chaurasia OP. Enhanced Production of Phenolic Compounds in Compact Callus Aggregate Suspension Cultures of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:817-837. [PMID: 30090988 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola imbricata is a rare medicinal plant of the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. It is used for the treatment of numerous health ailments. Compact callus aggregate (CCA) suspension cultures of Rhodiola imbricata were established to counter extinction threats and for production of therapeutically valuable phenolic compounds to meet their increasing industrial demands. The present study also investigated the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) on production of phenolic compounds and bioactivities in CCA suspension cultures. CCA suspension cultures established in an optimized Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 3 mg/l NAA, and 3 mg/l BAP showed maximum biomass accumulation (8.43 g/l DW) and highest salidroside production (3.37 mg/g DW). Upon 100 μM JA treatment, salidroside production (5.25 mg/g DW), total phenolic content (14.69 mg CHA/g DW), total flavonoid content (4.95 mg RE/g DW), and ascorbic acid content (17.93 mg/g DW) were significantly increased in cultures. In addition, DPPH-scavenging activity (56.32%) and total antioxidant capacity (60.45 mg QE/g DW) were significantly enhanced upon JA treatment, and this was positively correlated with increased accumulation of phenolic compounds. JA-elicited cultures exhibited highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. This is the first report describing the enhanced production of phenolic compounds and bioactivities from JA-elicited CCA suspension cultures of Rhodiola imbricata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kapoor
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Pushpender Bhardwaj
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Hemant Sood
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat (Solan), Himachal Pradesh, 173215, India.
| | - Shweta Saxena
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Om Prakash Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DRDO), C/O 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
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A Novel UDP-Glycosyltransferase of Rhodiola crenulata Converts Tyrosol to Specifically Produce Icariside D2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7970590. [PMID: 30027099 PMCID: PMC6031081 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7970590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola crenulata is a Tibetan native herbal plant belonging to the family of Crassulaceae, which produces the pharmaceutical icariside D2 with the activities of inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme and killing leukemia cancer cells. In this study, we functionally characterized a novel UDP-glycosyltransferase (RcUGT1) that converted tyrosol to specifically produce icariside D2 from R. crenulata at molecular and biochemical levels. RcUGT1 was highly expressed in flowers and roots, while the icariside D2 content was much higher in stems than that in other organs, suggesting the potential translocation of icariside D2 from flowers and roots to stems. The high production of icariside D2 in stems provided a reasonable suggestion to farmers to harvest stems instead of roots for icariside D2 production. Enzymatic assays of recombinant RcUGT1 indicated that it converted tyrosol to specifically form icariside D2, with the values of Km 0.97±0.10 mM, Vmax 286±8.26 pKat/mg, Kcat 0.01552 s−1, and Kcat/Km 159.55 s−1 M−1. Functional identification of RcUGT1 facilitated the icariside D2 production through metabolic engineering in plants or synthetic biology in microbes.
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Jiang J, Yin H, Wang S, Zhuang Y, Liu S, Liu T, Ma Y. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for High-Level Production of Salidroside from Glucose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4431-4438. [PMID: 29671328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside is an important plant-derived aromatic compound with diverse biological properties. Because of inadequate natural resources, the supply of salidroside is currently limited. In this work, we engineered the production of salidroside in yeast. First, the aromatic aldehyde synthase (AAS) from Petroselinum crispum was overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae when combined with endogenous Ehrlich pathway to produce tyrosol from tyrosine. Glucosyltransferases from different resources were tested for ideal production of salidroside in the yeast. Metabolic flux was enhanced toward tyrosine biosynthesis by overexpressing pathway genes and eliminating feedback inhibition. The pathway genes were integrated into yeast chromosome, leading to a recombinant strain that produced 239.5 mg/L salidroside and 965.4 mg/L tyrosol. The production of salidroside and tyrosol reached up to 732.5 and 1394.6 mg/L, respectively, by fed-batch fermentation. Our work provides an alternative way for industrial large-scale production of salidroside and tyrosol from S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Jiang
- College of Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Hua Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Shaowei Liu
- College of Biotechnology, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
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Torrens-Spence MP, Pluskal T, Li FS, Carballo V, Weng JK. Complete Pathway Elucidation and Heterologous Reconstitution of Rhodiola Salidroside Biosynthesis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:205-217. [PMID: 29277428 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside is a bioactive tyrosine-derived phenolic natural product found in medicinal plants under the Rhodiola genus. In addition to their anti-fatigue and anti-anoxia roles in traditional medicine, Rhodiola total extract and salidroside have also displayed medicinal properties as anti-cardiovascular diseases and anti-cancer agents. The resulting surge in global demand of Rhodiola plants and salidroside has driven some species close to extinction. Here, we report the full elucidation of the Rhodiola salidroside biosynthetic pathway utilizing the first comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics datasets for Rhodiola rosea. Unlike the previously proposed pathway involving separate decarboxylation and deamination enzymatic steps from tyrosine to the key intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA), Rhodiola contains a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent 4-HPAA synthase that directly converts tyrosine to 4-HPAA. We further identified genes encoding the subsequent 4-HPAA reductase and tyrosol:UDP-glucose 8-O-glucosyltransferase, respectively, to complete salidroside biosynthesis in Rhodiola. We show that heterologous production of salidroside can be achieved in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as the plant Nicotiana benthamiana through transgenic expression of Rhodiola salidroside biosynthetic genes. This study provides new tools for engineering sustainable production of salidroside in heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fu-Shuang Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Valentina Carballo
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Fan B, Chen T, Zhang S, Wu B, He B. Mining of efficient microbial UDP-glycosyltransferases by motif evolution cross plant kingdom for application in biosynthesis of salidroside. Sci Rep 2017; 7:463. [PMID: 28352078 PMCID: PMC5428655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom provides a large resource of natural products and various related enzymes are analyzed. The high catalytic activity and easy genetically modification of microbial enzymes would be beneficial for synthesis of natural products. But the identification of functional genes of target enzymes is time consuming and hampered by many contingencies. The potential to mine microbe-derived glycosyltransferases (GTs) cross the plant kingdom was assessed based on alignment and evolution of the full sequences and key motifs of target enzymes, such as Rhodiola-derived UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT73B6) using in salidroside synthesis. The GTs from Bacillus licheniformis ZSP01 with high PSPG motif similarity were speculated to catalyze the synthesis of salidroside. The UGTBL1, which had similarity (61.4%) PSPG motif to UGT73B6, displayed efficient activity and similar regioselectivity. Highly efficient glycosylation of tyrosol (1 g/L) was obtained by using engineered E. coli harboring UGTBL1 gene, which generated 1.04 g/L salidroside and 0.99 g/L icariside D2. All glycosides were secreted into the culture medium and beneficial for downstream purification. It was the first report on the genome mining of UGTs from microorganisms cross the plant kingdom. The mining approach may have broader applications in the selection of efficient candidate for making high-value natural products.
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Zhou W, Bi H, Zhuang Y, He Q, Yin H, Liu T, Ma Y. Production of Cinnamyl Alcohol Glucoside from Glucose in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2129-2135. [PMID: 28229589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rosin, a cinnamyl alcohol glucoside, is one of the important ingredients in Rhodiola rosea, which is a valuable medicinal herb used for centuries. Rosin displayed multiple biological activities. The traditional method for producing rosin and derivatives is direct extraction from R. rosea, which suffers from limited availability of natural resources and complicated purification procedure. This work achieved de novo biosynthesis of rosin in Escherichia coli. First, a biosynthetic pathway of aglycon cinnamyl alcohol from phenylalanine was constructed. Subsequently, the UGT genes from Rhodiola sachalinensis (UGT73B6) or Arabidopsis thaliana (UGT73C5) were introduced into the above recombinant E. coli strain to produce rosin. Then the phenylalanine metabolic pathway of E. coli was optimized by genetic manipulation, and the production of rosin by the engineered E. coli reached 258.5 ± 8.8 mg/L. This study lays a significant foundation for microbial production of rosin and its derivatives using glucose as the renewable carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Huiping Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qinglin He
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308, China
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Expression of Codon-Optimized Plant Glycosyltransferase UGT72B14 in Escherichia coli Enhances Salidroside Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9845927. [PMID: 27597978 PMCID: PMC5002478 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9845927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside, a plant secondary metabolite in Rhodiola, has been demonstrated to have several adaptogenic properties as a medicinal herb. Due to the limitation of plant source, microbial production of salidroside by expression of plant uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) is promising. However, glycoside production usually remains hampered by poor expression of plant UGTs in microorganisms. Herein, we achieved salidroside production by expression of Rhodiola UGT72B14 in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and codon optimization was accordingly applied. UGT72B14 expression was optimized by changing 278 nucleotides and decreasing the G+C content to 51.05% without altering the amino acid sequence. The effect of codon optimization on UGT72B14 catalysis for salidroside production was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, salidroside production by codon-optimized UGT72B14 is enhanced because of a significantly improved protein yield (increased by 4.8-fold) and an equivalently high activity as demonstrated by similar kinetic parameters (KM and Vmax), compared to that by wild-type protein. In vivo, both batch and fed-batch cultivation using the codon-optimized gene resulted in a significant increase in salidroside production, which was up to 6.7 mg/L increasing 3.2-fold over the wild-type UGT72B14.
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Tiwari P, Sangwan RS, Sangwan NS. Plant secondary metabolism linked glycosyltransferases: An update on expanding knowledge and scopes. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:714-739. [PMID: 27131396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The multigene family of enzymes known as glycosyltransferases or popularly known as GTs catalyze the addition of carbohydrate moiety to a variety of synthetic as well as natural compounds. Glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites is an emerging area of research in drug designing and development. The unsurpassing complexity and diversity among natural products arising due to glycosylation type of alterations including glycodiversification and glycorandomization are emerging as the promising approaches in pharmacological studies. While, some GTs with broad spectrum of substrate specificity are promising candidates for glycoengineering while others with stringent specificity pose limitations in accepting molecules and performing catalysis. With the rising trends in diseases and the efficacy/potential of natural products in their treatment, glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites constitutes a key mechanism in biogeneration of their glycoconjugates possessing medicinal properties. The present review highlights the role of glycosyltransferases in plant secondary metabolism with an overview of their identification strategies, catalytic mechanism and structural studies on plant GTs. Furthermore, the article discusses the biotechnological and biomedical application of GTs ranging from detoxification of xenobiotics and hormone homeostasis to the synthesis of glycoconjugates and crop engineering. The future directions in glycosyltransferase research should focus on the synthesis of bioactive glycoconjugates via metabolic engineering and manipulation of enzyme's active site leading to improved/desirable catalytic properties. The multiple advantages of glycosylation in plant secondary metabolomics highlight the increasing significance of the GTs, and in near future, the enzyme superfamily may serve as promising path for progress in expanding drug targets for pharmacophore discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, C-127, Phase-8, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160071, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
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Cui J, Guo T, Chao J, Wang M, Wang J. Potential of the Endophytic Fungus Phialocephala fortinii Rac56 Found in Rhodiola Plants to Produce Salidroside and p-Tyrosol. Molecules 2016; 21:502. [PMID: 27092483 PMCID: PMC6273359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ehyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (salidroside) and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol (p-tyrosol) are famous food and medicine additives originally derived from alpine Rhodiola plants. Salidroside or p-tyrosol production by the endophytic fungus Rac56 (Phialocephala fortinii) was confirmed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and ¹H-NMR. The fermentation conditions were optimized by orthogonal design using data processing system software. The broth fermentation results showed that salidroside and p-tyrosol extraction yields from Rac56 were stable and reached 1.729 ± 0.06 mg and 1.990 ± 0.05 mg per mL of culture medium, respectively. The optimal conditions for salidroside and p-tyrosol production in fermentation culture of Rac56 were determined to be 25 °C, pH values of 7 and 5, Czapek-Dox culture medium volumes of 150 mL and 50 mL in 250 mL flasks, rotation speeds of 100× g and 200× g, and fermentation durations of 7 and 15 days, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, stable yields of 2.339 ± 0.1093 mg and 2.002 ± 0.0009 mg per mL of culture medium of salidroside and p-tyrosol, respectively, were obtained, indicating that the P. fortinii Rac56 strain is a promising source of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Tingting Guo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Mengliang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Junhong Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Rusanov K, Atanassov A, Atanassov I. Engineering Cell and Organ Cultures from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Toward Commercial Production of Bioactive Metabolites. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32004-5_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Production of salidroside in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6640. [PMID: 25323006 PMCID: PMC4200411 DOI: 10.1038/srep06640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salidroside (1) is the most important bioactive component of Rhodiola (also called as “Tibetan Ginseng”), which is a valuable medicinal herb exhibiting several adaptogenic properties. Due to the inefficiency of plant extraction and chemical synthesis, the supply of salidroside (1) is currently limited. Herein, we achieved unprecedented biosynthesis of salidroside (1) from glucose in a microorganism. First, the pyruvate decarboxylase ARO10 and endogenous alcohol dehydrogenases were recruited to convert 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (2), an intermediate of L-tyrosine pathway, to tyrosol (3) in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, tyrosol production was improved by overexpressing the pathway genes, and by eliminating competing pathways and feedback inhibition. Finally, by introducing Rhodiola-derived glycosyltransferase UGT73B6 into the above-mentioned recombinant strain, salidroside (1) was produced with a titer of 56.9 mg/L. Interestingly, the Rhodiola-derived glycosyltransferase, UGT73B6, also catalyzed the attachment of glucose to the phenol position of tyrosol (3) to form icariside D2 (4), which was not reported in any previous literatures.
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Li J, Li Z, Li C, Gou J, Zhang Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of an isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase from Pueraria lobata. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1173-85. [PMID: 24700248 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel isoflavone 7- O -glucosyltransferase PlUGT1 was isolated from Pueraria lobata . PlUGT1 could convert daidzein to daidzin, genistein to genistin as well as formononetin to ononin. Pueraria lobata roots are traditionally consumed as a rich source of isoflavone glycosides that have various human health benefits. However, to date, the genes encoding isoflavone UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have only been isolated from the roots of soybean seedlings (GmIF7GT), soybean seeds (UGT73F2) and Glycyrrhiza echinata cell suspension cultures (GeIF7GT). To investigate the isoflavone metabolism in P. lobata, 40 types of partial UGT cDNAs were isolated from P. lobata, and seven full-length UGT candidates with preferential expression in roots were identified. Functional assays in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) revealed that one of these UGT candidates, designated PlUGT1 (official UGT designation UGT88E12), efficiently glycosylated isoflavone aglycones at the 7-hydroxy group. Recombinant PlUGT1 purified from Escherichia coli cells was characterized and shown to be relatively specific for isoflavone aglycones, while flavonoid substrates were poorly accepted. The biochemical results suggested that PlUGT1 was an isoflavone 7-O-glucosyltransferase. The deduced amino acid sequence of PlUGT1 shared only 26 % identity with GeIF7GT, 27 % with UGT73F2 and 63 % with GmIF7GT. The PlUGT1 gene was highly expressed in P. lobata roots relative to other organs and strongly induced by methyl jasmonate signal in P. lobata cell suspension culture. The transcript abundance of PlUGT1 was correlated with the accumulation pattern of isoflavone glycosides such as daidzin in P. lobata plants or in cell suspension culture. The biochemical properties and gene expression profile supported the idea that PlUGT1 could play a role in isoflavone glycosylation in P. lobata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China,
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Grech-Baran M, Sykłowska-Baranek K, Pietrosiuk A. Biotechnological approaches to enhance salidroside, rosin and its derivatives production in selected Rhodiola spp. in vitro cultures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:657-674. [PMID: 26213525 PMCID: PMC4513219 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) an arctic-alpine plant, is extensively used in traditional folk medicine in Asian and European countries. A number of investigations have demonstrated that Rhodiola preparations exhibit adaptogenic, neuroprotective, anti-tumour, cardioprotective, and anti-depressant effects. The main compounds responsible for these activities are believed to be salidroside, rosin and its derivatives which became the target of biotechnological investigations. This review summarizes the results of the diverse biotechnological approaches undertaken to enhance the production of salidroside, rosin and its derivatives in callus, cell suspension and organ in vitro cultures of selected Rhodiola species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grech-Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pietrosiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Lan X, Chang K, Zeng L, Liu X, Qiu F, Zheng W, Quan H, Liao Z, Chen M, Huang W, Liu W, Wang Q. Engineering salidroside biosynthetic pathway in hairy root cultures of Rhodiola crenulata based on metabolic characterization of tyrosine decarboxylase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75459. [PMID: 24124492 PMCID: PMC3790822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine decarboxylase initializes salidroside biosynthesis. Metabolic characterization of tyrosine decarboxylase gene from Rhodiola crenulata (RcTYDC) revealed that it played an important role in salidroside biosynthesis. Recombinant 53 kDa RcTYDC converted tyrosine into tyramine. RcTYDC gene expression was induced coordinately with the expression of RcUDPGT (the last gene involved in salidroside biosynthesis) in SA/MeJA treatment; the expression of RcTYDC and RcUDPGT was dramatically upregulated by SA, respectively 49 folds and 36 folds compared with control. MeJA also significantly increased the expression of RcTYDC and RcUDPGT in hairy root cultures. The tissue profile of RcTYDC and RcUDPGT was highly similar: highest expression levels found in stems, higher expression levels in leaves than in flowers and roots. The gene expressing levels were consistent with the salidroside accumulation levels. This strongly suggested that RcTYDC played an important role in salidroside biosynthesis in R. crenulata. Finally, RcTYDC was used to engineering salidroside biosynthetic pathway in R. crenulata hairy roots via metabolic engineering strategy of overexpression. All the transgenic lines showed much higher expression levels of RcTYDC than non-transgenic one. The transgenic lines produced tyramine, tyrosol and salidroside at higher levels, which were respectively 3.21–6.84, 1.50–2.19 and 1.27–3.47 folds compared with the corresponding compound in non-transgenic lines. In conclusion, RcTYDC overexpression promoted tyramine biosynthesis that facilitated more metabolic flux flowing toward the downstream pathway and as a result, the intermediate tyrosol was accumulated more that led to the increased production of the end-product salidroside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Lan
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Nyingchi of Tibet, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Weilie Zheng
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Nyingchi of Tibet, P. R. China
| | - Hong Quan
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Nyingchi of Tibet, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZHL); (MC)
| | - Min Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZHL); (MC)
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Mirmazloum I, György Z. Review of the molecular genetics in higher plants towards salidrosid and cinnamyl alcohol glycosides biosynthesis inRhodiola roseaL. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.41.2012.suppl.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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