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Grafakou ME, Barda C, Skaltsa H, Heilmann J. Study on the metabolism of natural sesquiterpene lactones in human liver microsomes using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1855-1863. [PMID: 37354443 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2226301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are naturally occurring, highly active -specialised metabolites, which are biosynthesized by important medicinal plants, fulfilling many functions. The in vitro metabolism of parthenolide (1), grosheimin (2), carbetolide C (3), 8α-O-(3,4-dihydroxy--methylenebutanoyloxy)-dehydromelitensin (4) and arteludovicinolide A (5) was examined using human liver microsomes. Phase I, phase II (glucuronidation), as well as combined phase I + II metabolism were studied. Metabolites were identified via liquid chromatography-high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Monohydroxylated, hydrated, carboxylated, methylated derivatives, together with corresponding monoglucuronides were detected, suggesting that the metabolism of sesquiterpene lactones is changeable due to structural features and scaffold diversity, though the lactone ring is the main site of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Grafakou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Barda
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joerg Heilmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Kiran NR, Narayanan AK, Mohapatra S, Gupta P, Nagegowda DA. Analysis of root volatiles and functional characterization of a root-specific germacrene A synthase in Artemisia pallens. PLANTA 2024; 259:58. [PMID: 38308700 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that Artemisia pallens roots can be a source of terpene-rich essential oil and root-specific ApTPS1 forms germacrene A contributing to major root volatiles. Davana (Artemisia pallens Bess) is a valuable aromatic herb within the Asteraceae family, highly prized for its essential oil (EO) produced in the aerial parts. However, the root volatile composition, and the genes responsible for root volatiles have remained unexplored until now. Here, we show that A. pallens roots possess distinct oil bodies and yields ~ 0.05% of EO, which is primarily composed of sesquiterpenes β-elemene, neryl isovalerate, β-selinene, and α-selinene, and trace amounts of monoterpenes β-myrcene, D-limonene. This shows that, besides aerial parts, roots of davana can also be a source of unique EO. Moreover, we functionally characterized a terpene synthase (ApTPS1) that exhibited high in silico expression in the root transcriptome. The recombinant ApTPS1 showed the formation of β-elemene and germacrene A with E,E-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a substrate. Detailed analysis of assay products revealed that β-elemene was the thermal rearrangement product of germacrene A. The functional expression of ApTPS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed the in vivo germacrene A synthase activity of ApTPS1. At the transcript level, ApTPS1 displayed predominant expression in roots, with significantly lower level of expression in other tissues. This expression pattern of ApTPS1 positively correlated with the tissue-specific accumulation level of germacrene A. Overall, these findings provide fundamental insights into the EO profile of davana roots, and the contribution of ApTPS1 in the formation of a major root volatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Kiran
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ananth Krishna Narayanan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumyajit Mohapatra
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-CIMAP Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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3
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Li J, Hu H, Fu H, Li J, Zeng T, Li J, Wang M, Jongsma MA, Wang C. Exploring the co-operativity of secretory structures for defense and pollination in flowering plants. PLANTA 2024; 259:41. [PMID: 38270671 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION In flowers multiple secretory systems cooperate to deliver specialized metabolites to support specific roles in defence and pollination. The collective roles of cell types, enzymes, and transporters are discussed. The interplay between reproductive strategies and defense mechanisms in flowering plants has long been recognized, with trade-offs between investment in defense and reproduction predicted. Glandular trichomes and secretory cavities or ducts, which are epidermal and internal structures, play a pivotal role in the secretion, accumulation, and transport of specialized secondary metabolites, and contribute significantly to defense and pollination. Recent investigations have revealed an intricate connection between these two structures, whereby specialized volatile and non-volatile metabolites are exchanged, collectively shaping their respective ecological functions. However, a comprehensive understanding of this profound integration remains largely elusive. In this review, we explore the secretory systems and associated secondary metabolism primarily in Asteraceous species to propose potential shared mechanisms facilitating the directional translocation of these metabolites to diverse destinations. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the cooperativity between epidermal and internal secretory structures in the biosynthesis, secretion, accumulation, and emission of terpenes, providing specific well-documented examples from pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium). Pyrethrum is renowned for its natural pyrethrin insecticides, which accumulate in the flower head, and more recently, for emitting an aphid alarm pheromone. These examples highlight the diverse specializations of secondary metabolism in pyrethrum and raise intriguing questions regarding the regulation of production and translocation of these compounds within and between its various epidermal and internal secretory systems, spanning multiple tissues, to serve distinct ecological purposes. By discussing the cooperative nature of secretory structures in flowering plants, this review sheds light on the intricate mechanisms underlying the ecological roles of terpenes in defense and pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation, Unifilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation, Unifilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hansen Fu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation, Unifilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tuo Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation, Unifilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation, Unifilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manqun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Maarten A Jongsma
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Caiyun Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation, Unifilization of Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Giuliani C, Bottoni M, Milani F, Spada A, Falsini S, Papini A, Santagostini L, Fico G. An Integrative Approach to Selected Species of Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae): Insights into Morphology and Phytochemistry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38256709 PMCID: PMC10819483 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we studied Tanacetum vulgare, Tanacetum parthenium, and Tanacetum corymbosum (Asteraceae) cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northern Italy) of the University of Milan. An integrative research approach was adopted: microscopic and histochemical, with special focus on the secretory structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; phytochemical, with the analysis of the essential oil (EO) profiles from the air-dried, flowered aerial parts collected in June 2021; bio-ecological, with emphasis, based on literature data, on the ecology and biological activity of the main EO components. In all three species, two basic trichome morphotypes (flagellar non-glandular and biseriate glandular) occurred with different distribution patterns. The glandular ones produced terpenes, along with flavonoids. A high level of chemical variability in the EO compositions emerged, specifically for qualitative data. T. vulgare profile was more complex and heterogeneous than those obtained from T. parthenium and T. corymbosum, with camphor as the predominant compound, followed by farnesol and α-santalone, respectively. Finally, the obtained scientific findings were made available to the visitors of the botanic garden through new dissemination labeling that highlights the "invisible", microscopic features of the plants, from an Open Science perspective ("Botanic Garden, factories of molecules…work in progress"-Lombardy Region Project Lr. 25/2016, year 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Spada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Falsini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Giorgio La Pira, 50121 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Giorgio La Pira, 50121 Florence, Italy; (S.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Santagostini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.M.); (G.F.)
- Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy
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5
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Lanier ER, Andersen TB, Hamberger B. Plant terpene specialized metabolism: complex networks or simple linear pathways? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1178-1201. [PMID: 36891828 PMCID: PMC11166267 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
From the perspectives of pathway evolution, discovery and engineering of plant specialized metabolism, the nature of the biosynthetic routes represents a critical aspect. Classical models depict biosynthesis typically from an end-point angle and as linear, for example, connecting central and specialized metabolism. As the number of functionally elucidated routes increased, the enzymatic foundation of complex plant chemistries became increasingly well understood. The perception of linear pathway models has been severely challenged. With a focus on plant terpenoid specialized metabolism, we review here illustrative examples supporting that plants have evolved complex networks driving chemical diversification. The completion of several diterpene, sesquiterpene and monoterpene routes shows complex formation of scaffolds and their subsequent functionalization. These networks show that branch points, including multiple sub-routes, mean that metabolic grids are the rule rather than the exception. This concept presents significant implications for biotechnological production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Molecular Plant Sciences Building, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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Habib MA, Islam MM, Islam MM, Hasan MM, Baek KH. Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050623. [PMID: 37233664 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are the most diversified nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and are extensively used in pharmaceuticals to treat different types of cancer. Nicotiana serves as a reservoir of anti-cancer alkaloids and is also used as a model plant for the de novo synthesis of various anti-cancer molecules through genetic engineering. Up to 4% of the total dry weight of Nicotiana was found to be composed of alkaloids, where nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine are reported as the dominant alkaloids. Additionally, among the alkaloids present in Nicotiana, β-carboline (Harmane and Norharmane) and Kynurenines are found to show anti-tumor effects, especially in the cases of colon and breast cancers. Creating new or shunting of existing biosynthesis pathways in different species of Nicotiana resulted in de novo or increased synthesis of different anti-tumor molecules or their derivatives or precursors including Taxadiane (~22.5 µg/g), Artemisinin (~120 μg/g), Parthenolide (~2.05 ng/g), Costunolide (~60 ng/g), Etoposide (~1 mg/g), Crocin (~400 µg/g), Catharanthine (~60 ng/g), Tabersonine (~10 ng/g), Strictosidine (~0.23 mg/g), etc. Enriching the precursor pool, especially Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (DMAPP), down-regulating other bi-product pathways, compartmentalization or metabolic shunting, or organelle-specific reconstitution of the precursor pool, might trigger the enhanced accumulation of the targeted anti-cancer alkaloid in Nicotiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsan Habib
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mobinul Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mukul Islam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohidul Hasan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Dogra A, Kumar J. Biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemical compounds and their chemistry. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136779. [PMID: 36969868 PMCID: PMC10034375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe health issue, and cancer cases are rising yearly. New anticancer drugs have been developed as our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind diverse solid tumors, and metastatic malignancies have increased. Plant-derived phytochemical compounds target different oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, protein channels, immune cells, protein channels, and pumps, which have attracted much attention for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Despite the anticancer capabilities of these phytochemical compounds, systemic toxicity, medication resistance, and limited absorption remain more significant obstacles in clinical trials. Therefore, drug combinations of new phytochemical compounds, phytonanomedicine, semi-synthetic, and synthetic analogs should be considered to supplement the existing cancer therapies. It is also crucial to consider different strategies for increased production of phytochemical bioactive substances. The primary goal of this review is to highlight several bioactive anticancer phytochemical compounds found in plants, preclinical research, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs, and clinical trials. Additionally, biotechnological and metabolic engineering strategies are explored to enhance the production of bioactive phytochemical compounds. Ligands and their interactions with their putative targets are also explored through molecular docking studies. Therefore, emphasis is given to gathering comprehensive data regarding modern biotechnology, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and in silico tools.
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Shahhoseini R, Daneshvar H. Phytochemical and physiological reactions of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip) to TiO 2 nanoparticles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:674-684. [PMID: 36563573 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials can be used as elicitors for improving the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to assay the titanium dioxide-nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) effects on feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) as an anti-cancer plant. The study showed that TiO2-NPs application increased the amounts of the main compounds and oxygenated monoterpene in essential oils, thereby causing an improvement in the quantity and quality of the essential oils compared to control. The highest effect was related to 1500 ppm TiO2-NPs concentration. Regarding parthenolide, TiO2-NPs had no positive effect on parthenolide content and the highest content was observed in control. Increasing the concentrations over 1500 ppm resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll content, capitule diameter, flower yield, and harvest index compared to other concentrations and control. Additionally, the results indicated that TiO2-NPs foliar spray reduced flower number, biological yield, fresh weight, and dry weights compared with untreated plants. The increase in quality and content of essential oil and lack of increase in parthenolide content, and reproductive and vegetative characteristics showed that TiO2-NPs mainly affected the content and composition of essential oil. Totally, the application of TiO2-NPs in terms of positive effect on the yield and metabolites (without damaging biological effects) can be recommended and followed up to the concentration of 1000 ppm. Overall, the results indicated that improving the synthesis of valuable medicinal metabolites using TiO2-NPs has promising results depending on the type of species, concentration used and target metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shahhoseini
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hadiseh Daneshvar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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9
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Kashkooli AB, van Dijk ADJ, Bouwmeester H, van der Krol A. Individual lipid transfer proteins from Tanacetum parthenium show different specificity for extracellular accumulation of sesquiterpenes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:153-166. [PMID: 36255594 PMCID: PMC9849177 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly specialized function for individual LTPs for different products from the same terpenoid biosynthesis pathway is described and the function of an LTP GPI anchor is studied. Sequiterpenes produced in glandular trichomes of the medicinal plant Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) accumulate in the subcuticular extracellular space. Transport of these compounds over the plasma membrane is presumably by specialized membrane transporters, but it is still not clear how these hydrophobic compounds are subsequently transported over the hydrophilic cell wall. Here we identified eight so-called non-specific Lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) genes that are expressed in feverfew trichomes. A putative function of these eight nsLTPs in transport of the lipophilic sesquiterpene lactones produced in feverfew trichomes, was tested in an in-planta transport assay using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Of eight feverfew nsLTP candidate genes analyzed, two (TpLTP1 and TpLTP2) can specifically improve extracellular accumulation of the sesquiterpene costunolide, while one nsLTP (TpLTP3) shows high specificity towards export of parthenolide. The specificity of the nsLTPs was also tested in an assay that test for the exclusion capacity of the nsLTP for influx of extracellular substrates. In such assay, TpLTP3 was identified as most effective in blocking influx of both costunolide and parthenolide, when these substrates are infiltrated into the apoplast. The TpLTP3 is special in having a GPI-anchor domain, which is essential for the export activity of TpLTP3. However, addition of the TpLTP3 GPI-anchor domain to TpLTP1 resulted in loss of TpLTP1 export activity. These novel export and exclusion assays thus provide new means to test functionality of plant nsLTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Applied Bioinformatics, Bioscience, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Parthenolide alleviates peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation via the NF-κB/ TGF-β/Smad signaling axis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1346-1354. [PMID: 36307537 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with a complicated pathogenesis and limited treatments. Parthenolide (PTL), a recognized nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor extracted from Tanacetum balsamita, has been widely used to treat various inflammatory diseases and has been proven to improve peritoneal fibrosis in PD mice by selectively inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), via Smad-dependent signaling, has a pivotal role in promoting pathogenic of fibrosis. To investigate whether PTL can inhibit peritoneal fibrosis, we affected the interaction between NF-κB and the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway. Long dwell peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) and peritoneum tissues were collected from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. PTL was administered intragastrically into a PD mouse model by daily infusion of 4.25% dextrose-containing PDF. Treated HMrSV5 cells or rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were treated with high glucose(138 mM) at the same concentration as 2.5% dextrose-containing PDF and PTL. PD-related peritoneal fibrosis samples indicated an increase in inflammation, and PTL decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (L-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1). PTL inhibited high glucose-induced mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), as indicated by a reduced expression of fibrosis markers (fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA) and increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. PTL also significantly decreased TGF-β1 expression and the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κBp65. The changes in the levels of TGF-β1 expression and p-p65 or p65 showed similar trends according to western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm that PTL regulates the transcription of TGF-β1 induced by high glucose through NF-κBp65. In summary, PTL induces a therapeutic effect in peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation via the NF-κB/ TGF-β/Smad signaling axis.
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11
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Zhou H, Hua J, Zhang J, Luo S. Negative Interactions Balance Growth and Defense in Plants Confronted with Herbivores or Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12723-12732. [PMID: 36165611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a series of defensive mechanisms against pathogens and herbivores, but the defense response always leads to decreases in growth or reproduction, which has serious implications for agricultural production. Growth and defense are negatively regulated not only through metabolic consumption but also through the antagonism of different phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Meanwhile, plants can limit the expression of defensive metabolites to reduce the costs of defense by producing constitutive defenses such as glandular trichomes or latex and accumulating specific metabolites, determining the activation of plant defense or the maintenance of plant growth. Interestingly, plant defense pathways might be prepared in advance which may be transmitted to descendants. Plants can also use external organisms to protect themselves, thus minimizing the costs of defense. In addition, plant relatives exhibit cooperation to deal with pathogens and herbivores, which is also a way to regulate growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
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12
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Elyasi R, Majdi M, Krause ST, Kücükay N, Azizi A, Degenhardt J. Identification and functional characterization of a γ-terpinene synthase in Nigella sativa L (black cumin). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113290. [PMID: 35803303 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nigella sativa (Black cumin) has many applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Thymoquinone has been considered as a main effective compound in N. sativa seeds and attracted researchers' attention mainly due to its medicinal potential. In this study, the essential oil components of leaves, flowers and seed developmental stages including half black seeds, soft black seeds and hard black seeds were analyzed in N. sativa. Whereas no terpenes were detected in flowers and leaves, seeds showed an essential oil composition that increased in its thymoquinone content during seed maturation. To study the proposed first step of thymoquinone biosynthesis, the formation of γ-terpinene from geranyl diphosphate (GDP), we identified and functionally characterized a γ-terpinene synthase (NsTPS1) in N. sativa. This monoterpene synthase was identified in RNA sequence data derived from seeds. After heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, partially purified NsTPS1 converted GDP to γ-terpinene. NsTPS1 is the first functionally characterized terpene synthase from N. sativa and displays a higher similarity to other terpene synthases from Ranunculaceae than known γ-terpinene synthases from more distant plant species. Characterization of NsTPS1 elucidates the first dedicated step in the biosynthesis of thymoquinone in N. sativa and paves the way towards metabolic engineering for high-level thymoquinone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizan Elyasi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majdi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Sandra T Krause
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Nagihan Kücükay
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Abdolbaset Azizi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jörg Degenhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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13
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Mahood HE, Sarropoulou V, Tzatzani TT. Effect of explant type (leaf, stem) and 2,4-D concentration on callus induction: influence of elicitor type (biotic, abiotic), elicitor concentration and elicitation time on biomass growth rate and costunolide biosynthesis in gazania (Gazania rigens) cell suspension cultures. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:100. [PMID: 38647613 PMCID: PMC10991164 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant with high ornamental potential and use in landscaping. The therapeutic potential of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) as plant natural products for pharmaceutical development has gained extensive interest with costunolide (chemical name: 6E,10E,11aR-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one) used as a popular herbal remedy due to its anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-allergic, and anti-diabetic activities, among others. In the present study, two explant types (leaf, stem) and four 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) were tested for callusing potential. The results showed that stem explants treated with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D exhibited higher callus induction percentage (90%) followed by leaf explants (80%) with 1 mg/L 2,4-D, after a 4-week period. Cell suspension cultures were established from friable callus obtained from stem explants following a sigmoid pattern of growth curve with a maximum fresh weight at 20 days of subculture and a minimum one at 5 days of subculture. In the following stage, the effects of elicitation of cell suspension cultures with either yeast extract (YE) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA), each applied in five concentrations (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L) on cell growth (fresh and dry biomass) and costunolide accumulation were tested. After 20 days of culture, YE or MeJA suppressed cell growth as compared to the non-elicited cells, while costunolide accumulation was better enhanced under the effect of 150 mg/L MeJA followed by 200 mg/L YE, respectively. In the subsequent experiment conducted, the optimal concentration of the two elicitors (200 mg/L YE, 150 mg/L MeJA) was selected to investigate further elicitation time (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days). The results revealed that YE biotic elicitation stimulated cell growth and costunolide production, being maximum on day 20 for fresh biomass, on day 5 for dry biomass and on day 15 for the bioactive compound. Accordingly, cell growth parameters were maximized under the effect of abiotic elicitation with MeJA for 15 days, while highest costunolide content was achieved after 10 days. Overall, MeJA served as a better elicitor type than YE for biomass and costunolide production. Irrespective of elicitor type, elicitor concentration and elicitation time, maximal response was obtained with 150 mg/L MeJA for 10 days regarding costunolide accumulation (18.47 ppm) and 15 days for cell growth (fresh weight: 954 mg and dry weight: 76.3 mg). The application of elicitors can lead the large quantity of costunolide to encounter extensive range demand through marketable production without endangering of G. rigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda E Mahood
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, 58002, Iraq
| | - Virginia Sarropoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Laboratory of Protection and Evaluation of Native and Floriculture Species, Hellenic Agricultural Organization (HAO)-DEMETER, Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia, Thermi, P.O. Box 60458, P.C. 570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Thiresia-Teresa Tzatzani
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops & Viticulture, Laboratory of Subtropical Plants & Tissue Culture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization (HAO)-DEMETER, 167 K. Karamanlis Avenue, 73134, Chania, Greece
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14
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Khakdan F, Govahi M, Mohebi Z, Ranjbar M. Water deficit stress responses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in different Iranian cultivars of basil. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:896-910. [PMID: 34161632 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum, a popular aromatic plant, contains aromatic terpenes of terpenoids with in vivo and in vitro verified cytotoxicity. Considering the characteristics and potential of its utilization, it would be attractive to reveal its regulation and biosynthesis, originally at the molecular level under water deficit stress. For this aim, for the first time, the gene encoding the enzyme involved in the end step of the MEP biosynthetic pathways (HDR) was cloned, and the accumulation ratio of linalool, germacrene D and γ-cadinene compounds as well as the expression trait of four critical genes (i.e., HDR, LinS, GerS, and GadS) was assessed under water deficit stress in three Iranian cultivars of basil. The highest value of linalool and γ-cadinene were detected for Cultivar 1 (Cult. 1) under mild stress (W1; 52.6 and 21.1%), while insignificant amounts were obtained for Cultivar 3 (Cult. 3). The germacrene D level of Cultivar 2 (Cult. 2) increased under severe and moderate water stresses as compared with mild water deficit stress. Apart from some expectation, all the studied genes demonstrated divergent transcription ratios under water deficit stress. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that the relative water content (RWC) and HDR gene expression correlated significantly with essential oil components and gene expression in Cult. 1 and 2, which could represent an elevated demand for corresponding metabolites in the plant tissues. The present work elaborates on the regulation of the mentioned genes, and the results indicate that the production of terpenoids might be a drought stress-dependent and cultivar-dependent procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Govahi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohebi
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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15
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Wang P, Moore BM, Uygun S, Lehti-Shiu MD, Barry CS, Shiu SH. Optimising the use of gene expression data to predict plant metabolic pathway memberships. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:475-489. [PMID: 33749860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolites from diverse pathways are important for plant survival, human nutrition and medicine. The pathway memberships of most plant enzyme genes are unknown. While co-expression is useful for assigning genes to pathways, expression correlation may exist only under specific spatiotemporal and conditional contexts. Utilising > 600 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) expression data combinations, three strategies for predicting memberships in 85 pathways were explored. Optimal predictions for different pathways require distinct data combinations indicative of pathway functions. Naive prediction (i.e. identifying pathways with the most similarly expressed genes) is error prone. In 52 pathways, unsupervised learning performed better than supervised approaches, possibly due to limited training data availability. Using gene-to-pathway expression similarities led to prediction models that outperformed those based simply on expression levels. Using 36 experimental validated genes, the pathway-best model prediction accuracy is 58.3%, significantly better compared with that for predicting annotated genes without experimental evidence (37.0%) or random guess (1.2%), demonstrating the importance of data quality. Our study highlights the need to extensively explore expression-based features and prediction strategies to maximise the accuracy of metabolic pathway membership assignment. The prediction framework outlined here can be applied to other species and serves as a baseline model for future comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bethany M Moore
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Melissa D Lehti-Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Cornelius S Barry
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shin-Han Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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16
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Matos MS, Anastácio JD, Nunes dos Santos C. Sesquiterpene Lactones: Promising Natural Compounds to Fight Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070991. [PMID: 34208907 PMCID: PMC8309091 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial and complex process that reestablishes the physiological state after a noxious stimulus. In pathological conditions the inflammatory state may persist, leading to chronic inflammation and causing tissue damage. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are composed of a large and diverse group of highly bioactive plant secondary metabolites, characterized by a 15-carbon backbone structure. In recent years, the interest in SLs has risen due to their vast array of biological activities beneficial for human health. The anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds results from their ability to target and inhibit various key pro-inflammatory molecules enrolled in diverse inflammatory pathways, and prevent or reduce the inflammatory damage on tissues. Research on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SLs has thrived over the last years, and numerous compounds from diverse plants have been studied, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Besides their anti-inflammatory potential, their cytotoxicity, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics have been investigated. This review aims to gather the most relevant results and insights concerning the anti-inflammatory potential of SL-rich extracts and pure SLs, focusing on their effects in different inflammatory pathways and on different molecular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S. Matos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.D.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José D. Anastácio
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.D.A.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.D.A.)
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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17
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Spatial and developmental regulation of putative genes associated with the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes and pyrethrin I in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Kim Y, Sengupta S, Sim T. Natural and Synthetic Lactones Possessing Antitumor Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031052. [PMID: 33494352 PMCID: PMC7865919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, accounting for an estimated 8 million deaths each year. As a result, there have been urgent unmet medical needs to discover novel oncology drugs. Natural and synthetic lactones have a broad spectrum of biological uses including anti-tumor, anti-helminthic, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Particularly, several natural and synthetic lactones have emerged as anti-cancer agents over the past decades. In this review, we address natural and synthetic lactones focusing on their anti-tumor activities and synthetic routes. Moreover, we aim to highlight our journey towards chemical modification and biological evaluation of a resorcylic acid lactone, L-783277 (4). We anticipate that utilization of the natural and synthetic lactones as novel scaffolds would benefit the process of oncology drug discovery campaigns based on natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science (Brain Korea 21 Project), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sandip Sengupta
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science (Brain Korea 21 Project), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Taebo Sim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science (Brain Korea 21 Project), College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-0797
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19
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Xu H, Dickschat JS. Germacrene A-A Central Intermediate in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:17318-17341. [PMID: 32442350 PMCID: PMC7821278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises known sesquiterpenes whose biosyntheses proceed through the intermediate germacrene A. First, the occurrence and biosynthesis of germacrene A in Nature and its peculiar chemistry will be highlighted, followed by a discussion of 6-6 and 5-7 bicyclic compounds and their more complex derivatives. For each compound the absolute configuration, if it is known, and the reasoning for its assignment is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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20
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Ahmadi SZ, Ghorbanpour M, Aghaee A, Hadian J. Deciphering morpho-physiological and phytochemical attributes of Tanacetum parthenium L. plants exposed to C60 fullerene and salicylic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127406. [PMID: 32585459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of C60 fullerene concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L) and salicylic acid (0 and 0.2 mM) on growth and phytochemical accumulation of two feverfew genotypes (Pharmasaat and Jelitto) in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. According to the ANOVA, triple interaction of treatments were significant on morphological and phytochmical traits, however, the main effect of treatments only affected physiological attributes. Application of salicylic acid differentially influenced the effects of various concentrations of C60 fullerene on growth traits of both genotypes. In Pharmasaat, foliar application of salicylic acid increased growth traits of plants exposed to C60 fullerene at all concentrations, however, it improved the growth of Jelitto at higher levels of fullerene. The maximum increase of flower + leaf dry weight was recorded at 1000 mg/L C60 fullerene in combination with salicylic acid compared to control for Jelitto. In Pharmasaat, the parthenolide content significantly increased following increase of C60 fullerene up to 250 mg/L with salicylic acid, but a rapid decrease followed at 500-1000 mg/L. SEM images showed a wider deposition (many spheres with different sizes) of C60 fullerene on leaf tissue of Pharmasaat exposed to high concentration, involving changes in trichome density and tissue rupture. The essential oil content was not significantly increased upon experimental treatments compared to control. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis, C60 fullerene and salicylic acid treatments caused to a co-induction of ion leakage, chlorophyll a, essential oil and parthenoloide in Pharmasaat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Aghaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Javad Hadian
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Padilla-González GF, Amrehn E, Frey M, Gómez-Zeledón J, Kaa A, Costa FBD, Spring O. Metabolomic and Gene Expression Studies Reveal the Diversity, Distribution and Spatial Regulation of the Specialized Metabolism of Yacón ( Smallanthus sonchifolius, Asteraceae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124555. [PMID: 32604977 PMCID: PMC7348818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Smallanthus sonchifolius, also known as yacón, is an Andean crop species commercialized for its nutraceutical and medicinal properties. The tuberous roots of yacón accumulate a diverse array of probiotic and bioactive metabolites including fructooligosaccharides and caffeic acid esters. However, the metabolic diversity of yacón remains unexplored, including the site of biosynthesis and accumulation of key metabolite classes. We report herein a multidisciplinary approach involving metabolomics, gene expression and scanning electron microscopy, to provide a comprehensive analysis of the diversity, distribution and spatial regulation of the specialized metabolism in yacón. Our results demonstrate that different metabolic fingerprints and gene expression patterns characterize specific tissues, organs and cultivars of yacón. Manual inspection of mass spectrometry data and molecular networking allowed the tentative identification of 71 metabolites, including undescribed structural analogues of known bioactive compounds. Imaging by scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of a new type of glandular trichome in yacón bracts, with a distinctive metabolite profile. Furthermore, the high concentration of sesquiterpene lactones in capitate glandular trichomes and the restricted presence of certain flavonoids and caffeic acid esters in underground organs and internal tissues suggests that these metabolites could be involved in protective and ecological functions. This study demonstrates that individual organs and tissues make specific contributions to the highly diverse and specialized metabolome of yacón, which is proving to be a reservoir of previously undescribed molecules of potential significance in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo F. Padilla-González
- AsterBioChem Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green Road, London TW9 3AB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-20-8332-5375
| | - Evelyn Amrehn
- Department of Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, BW, Germany; (E.A.); (M.F.); (J.G.-Z.); (A.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Maximilian Frey
- Department of Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, BW, Germany; (E.A.); (M.F.); (J.G.-Z.); (A.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Zeledón
- Department of Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, BW, Germany; (E.A.); (M.F.); (J.G.-Z.); (A.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Alevtina Kaa
- Department of Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, BW, Germany; (E.A.); (M.F.); (J.G.-Z.); (A.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Fernando B. Da Costa
- AsterBioChem Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;
| | - Otmar Spring
- Department of Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, BW, Germany; (E.A.); (M.F.); (J.G.-Z.); (A.K.); (O.S.)
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22
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Coricello A, Adams JD, Lien EJ, Nguyen C, Perri F, Williams TJ, Aiello F. A Walk in Nature: Sesquiterpene Lactones as Multi-Target Agents Involved in Inflammatory Pathways. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1501-1514. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory states are among the most common and most treated medical conditions.
Inflammation comes along with swelling, pain and uneasiness in using the affected
area. Inflammation is not always a simple symptom; more often is part of a defensive response
of the body to an external threat or is a sign that the damaged tissue has not healed yet
and needs to rest. The management of the pain associated with an inflammatory state could be
a tricky task. In fact, most remedies simply quench the pain, leaving the inflammatory state
unaltered. This review focuses on sesquiterpene lactones, a class of natural compounds, that
represents a future promise in the treatment of inflammation. Sesquiterpene lactones are efficient
inhibitors of multiple targets of the inflammatory process. Their natural sources are often
ancient remedies with relevant traditional uses in folk medicines. This work also aims to
elucidate how these compounds may represent the starting material for the development of
new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Coricello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - James D. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric J. Lien
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Filomena Perri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Travis J. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Dana and David Dornisfe College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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23
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Freund RRA, Gobrecht P, Fischer D, Arndt HD. Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of parthenolide. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:541-565. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
(−)-Parthenolide is a germacrane sesquiterpene lactone, available in ample amounts from the traditional medical plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. A. Freund
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Philipp Gobrecht
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Zellphysiologie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- D-44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
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Fathi E, Majdi M, Dastan D, Maroufi A. The spatio-temporal expression of some genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of terpenes/phenylpropanoids in yarrow (Achillea millefolium). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:43-52. [PMID: 31272034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a medicinal plant from the Asteracea which biosynthesize different secondary metabolites especially terpenes and phenylpropanoids. To improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind the biosynthesis of these compounds we analyzed the expression of some genes associated with the biosynthesis of terpenes and phenylpropanoids in different tissues and in response to trans-cinnamic acid (tCA) as an inhibitor of PAL activity. Isolation and expression analysis of DXR, GPPS, PAL and CHS genes together with linalool synthase (LIS) as monoterpene synthase was conducted in different developmental stages of leaves, flowers and in response to trans-cinnamic acid (tCA). Differential expression of these genes observed in different tissues. tCA up-regulated the biosynthetic genes of monterpenes and down-regulated the biosynthetic genes of phenylpropanoids. Gene expression analysis in intact leaves and leaves without glandular trichomes showed that DXR, LIS, PAL and CHS are highly expressed in glandular trichomes while GPPS expressed ubiquitously. Analysis of essential oils composition showed that sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes are main compounds; in which from 57 identified compounds the highest were germacreneD (% 11.5), guaiol (%10.38), spatulenol (%8.73) and caryophyllene oxide (%7.48).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fathi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majdi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran; (b)Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Asad Maroufi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Morimoto M. Chemical defense against insects in Heterotheca subaxillaris and three Orobanchaceae species using exudates from trichomes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2474-2481. [PMID: 30828973 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the roles of plant trichomes is thought to be reducing feeding damage from herbivores. Among trichomes, glandular trichomes play a role in chemical defense systems in plants by means of stored biologically active phytochemicals. These phytochemicals act as pest repellents. They show antimicrobial and insecticidal activities, and they have also been isolated and identified from wild plants. RESULTS The Asteraceae species Heterotheca subaxillaris has many glandular trichomes on the leaf surface, and these contain sesquiterpene carboxylates, which show insect antifeedant activity. Because these sesquiterpene carboxylates are major constituents of glandular trichomes, they may act as a chemical defense in H. subaxillaris. The Orobanchaceae species Parentucellia viscosa also has many glandular trichomes on the leaf surface and produces an insect antifeedant clerodane-type diterpene, kolavenic acid, in these trichomes. Additionally, two other Orobanchaceae species, Bellardia trixago and Parentucellia latifolia, also have many glandular trichomes, but the constituents of these glandular trichomes did not show biological activities against test insects. However, the seco-labdane diterpene alcohol trixagol and its hemi-malonate were major constituents in B. trixago, and these terpenes may act as physical defenses against herbivores by interfering with feeding due to their viscosity. CONCLUSION The secondary metabolites from glandular trichomes of H. subaxillaris and P. viscosa showed insect antifeedant activity, and these secondary metabolites were presumed to act as chemical defenses for these plant species. On the other hand, non-biologically active secondary metabolites produced by two other Orobanchaceae, B. trixago and P. latifolia, were presumed to act as physical defenses due to their viscosity. Defense systems such as these may be applicable to new crop breeding to enhance protection against insect pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Morimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
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Liu Y, Jing SX, Luo SH, Li SH. Non-volatile natural products in plant glandular trichomes: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:626-665. [PMID: 30468448 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation methods, chemistry, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of non-volatile natural products involving 489 compounds in plant glandular trichomes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
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Brunetti A, Marinelli O, Morelli MB, Iannarelli R, Amantini C, Russotti D, Santoni G, Maggi F, Nabissi M. Isofuranodiene synergizes with temozolomide in inducing glioma cells death. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:51-59. [PMID: 30599912 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly brain form of tumor. GBM exhibits high resistance to the standard treatment consisting of temozolomide (TMZ) combined with radiotherapy. Isofuranodiene (IFD) is a bioactive sesquiterpene occurring in the essential oils obtained from Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum L., Apiaceae). This compound has shown a broad spectrum of antitumoral activities in different human cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of action of IFD on GBM and its potential effects in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, have not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of IFD itself and in combination with TMZ in GBM. METHODS Sulforhodamine B-based proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis and Annexin V/PI staining were carried out to determine the IFD effects on three human GBM cell lines, U87, T98, U251 and in normal human astrocyte. Modulation of protein expression levels was determined by western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by cytofluorimetry. Moreover, the effects on cell viability of the IFD and TMZ co-administration was evaluated through the calculation of combination index (CI). RESULTS IFD exerted cytotoxic effects against the GBM cell lines, but not in normal cells (normal human astrocytes). This compound induced a cell cycle blockage and a necrotic cell death depending on the increase of intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, the synergism between IFD and TMZ was demonstrated in GBM cell lines. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the glioma selectivity of IFD and its cytotoxic properties suggesting a new strategy for the treatment of GBM in order to overcome the TMZ resistance and to reduce its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy
| | | | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 63032, Italy.
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Liu Q, Beyraghdar Kashkooli A, Manzano D, Pateraki I, Richard L, Kolkman P, Lucas MF, Guallar V, de Vos RCH, Franssen MCR, van der Krol A, Bouwmeester H. Kauniolide synthase is a P450 with unusual hydroxylation and cyclization-elimination activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4657. [PMID: 30405138 PMCID: PMC6220293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Guaianolides are an important class of sesquiterpene lactones with unique biological and pharmaceutical properties. They have been postulated to be derived from germacranolides, but for years no progress has been made in the elucidation of their biosynthesis that requires an unknown cyclization mechanism. Here we demonstrate the isolation and characterization of a cytochrome P450 from feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), kauniolide synthase. Kauniolide synthase catalyses the formation of the guaianolide kauniolide from the germacranolide substrate costunolide. Unlike most cytochrome P450s, kauniolide synthase combines stereoselective hydroxylation of costunolide at the C3 position, with water elimination, cyclization and regioselective deprotonation. This unique mechanism of action is supported by in silico modelling and docking experiments. The full kauniolide biosynthesis pathway is reconstructed in the heterologous hosts Nicotiana benthamiana and yeast, paving the way for biotechnological production of guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Arman Beyraghdar Kashkooli
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - David Manzano
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Campus Diagonal, Av. de Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irini Pateraki
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Lea Richard
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Kolkman
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Fátima Lucas
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), C/ Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), C/ Jordi Girona 29, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C R Franssen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Plant Hormone Biology group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Niinemets Ü. Storage of defense metabolites in the leaves of Myrtaceae: news of the eggs in different baskets. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1445-1450. [PMID: 30307578 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, Estonia
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Gou J, Hao F, Huang C, Kwon M, Chen F, Li C, Liu C, Ro DK, Tang H, Zhang Y. Discovery of a non-stereoselective cytochrome P450 catalyzing either 8α- or 8β-hydroxylation of germacrene A acid from the Chinese medicinal plant, Inula hupehensis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:92-106. [PMID: 29086444 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are C15 terpenoid natural products with α-methylene γ-lactone moiety. A large proportion of STLs in Asteraceae species is derived from the central precursor germacrene A acid (GAA). Formation of the lactone rings depends on the regio-(C6 or C8) and stereoselective (α- or β-)hydroxylations of GAA, producing STLs with four distinct stereo-configurations (12,6α-, 12,6β-, 12,8α-, and 12,8β-olide derivatives of GAA) in nature. Curiously, two configurations of STLs (C12,8α and C12,8β) are simultaneously present in the Chinese medicinal plant, Inula hupehensis. However, how these related yet distinct STL stereo-isomers are co-synthesized in I. hupehensis remains unknown. Here, we describe the functional identification of the I. hupehensis cytochrome P450 (CYP71BL6) that can catalyze the hydroxylation of GAA in either 8α- or 8β-configuration, resulting in the synthesis of both 8α- and 8β-hydroxyl GAAs. Of these two products, only 8α-hydroxyl GAA spontaneously lactonizes to the C12,8α-STL while the 8β-hydroxyl GAA remains stable without lactonization. Chemical structures of the C12,8α-STL, named inunolide, and 8β-hydroxyl GAA were fully elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and mass spectrometry. The CYP71BL6 displays 63-66% amino acid identity to the previously reported CYP71BL1/2 catalyzing GAA 6α- or 8β-hydroxylation, indicating CYP71BL6 shares the same evolutionary lineage with other stereoselective cytochrome P450s, but catalyzes hydroxylation in a non-stereoselective manner. We observed that the CYP71BL6 transcript abundance correlates closely to the accumulation of C12,8-STLs in I. hupehensis. The identification of CYP71BL6 provides an insight into the biosynthesis of STLs in Asteraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Gou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chongyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fangfang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Changfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Huiru Tang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Xiao CJ, Liu YC, Luo SH, Hua J, Liu Y, Li SH. Localisation of Two Bioactive Labdane Diterpenoids in the Peltate Glandular Trichomes of Leonurus japonicus by Laser Microdissection Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:404-409. [PMID: 28485033 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glandular trichomes of plants are biochemical factories that could produce, store and secrete copious pharmaceutically important natural products. The Labiatae plant Leonurus japonicus is an important traditional Chinese medicine used to treat gynecological diseases, and has abundant peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs), in which the secondary metabolites accumulated are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the secondary metabolites specifically accumulated in the PGTs of L. japonicus and their biological activities, and provide a new way to pinpoint bioactive natural products from plants. METHODOLOGY Morphology of the trichomes on L. japonicus were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The PGTs of L. japonicus were precisely collected using laser microdissection (LMD) and analysed for their secondary metabolites with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Targeted compounds were isolated with classical phytochemical methods, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Biological activities were evaluated by in vitro assays. RESULTS Two labdane diterpenoids, leoheterin (1) and galeopsin (2), were localised in the PGTs of L. japonicus. Antithrombotic activity of 1 in anti-platelet aggregation assay induced by arachidonic acid was observed. Both compounds showed potential anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. In addition, anti-proliferative effect of both compounds on several cancer cell lines was also detected. CONCLUSION Two bioactive labdane diterpenoids were localised in the PGTs of L. japonicus. The findings suggested that it might be an efficient approach to explore bioactive natural products from the glandular trichomes of medicinal plants with LMD-UPLC/MS/MS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Juan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
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Adekenov S. Sesquiterpene lactones with unusual structure. Their biogenesis and biological activity. Fitoterapia 2017; 121:16-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Majdi M, Malekzadeh-Mashhady A, Maroufi A, Crocoll C. Tissue-specific gene-expression patterns of genes associated with thymol/carvacrol biosynthesis in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their differential changes upon treatment with abiotic elicitors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:152-162. [PMID: 28365519 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is known to produce a variety of phenolic monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol. Thymol and carvacrol are health-promoting, biocide and antitoxin compounds and have been considered as the main constituents of essential oils in T. vulgaris. To improve our understanding of the regulation of monoterpene biosynthesis in thyme, the expression of genes related to thymol and carvacrol biosynthesis in different tissues and in response to abiotic elicitors was analyzed. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), trans-cinnamic acid (tCA) and UV-C irradiation were applied to T. vulgare leaves and transcript levels of early (DXR) and late (TvTPS1, CYP71D178 and CYP71D180) biosynthetic genes of thymol and carvacrol were measured. The results showed that early step and late step genes in thymol/carvacrol biosynthesis are differentially regulated. DXR was not found to be exclusively expressed in glandular trichomes; in contrast, biosynthetic genes including γ-terpinene synthase (TvTPS1) and two cytochrome P450s, CYP71D178 and CYP71D180, were preferentially expressed in glandular secretory trichomes. The high expression of late biosynthetic genes in glandular trichomes, which also contain the highest concentration of thymol and carvacrol, suggests that glandular trichomes are the structure in which thymol/carvacrol biosynthesis and accumulation occur. Our results indicate that in addition to abiotic elicitors, developmental and spatial factors also play a key role in the biosynthesis of thymol and carvacrol, most likely relating to glandular trichome density and/or activity. Hence optimization of these factors could be considered as a useful strategy to achieve high yield of valuable compounds in T. vulgare or other closely related plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Majdi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran; Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | | | - Asad Maroufi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cárdenas J, Reyes-Pérez V, Hernández-Navarro MD, Dorantes-Barrón AM, Almazán S, Estrada-Reyes R. Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of an aqueous extract of Tanacetum parthenium L. Schultz-Bip (Asteraceae) in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:22-30. [PMID: 28213105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Tanacetum parthenium L. Schultz-Bip (Asteraceae) is widely used worldwide in traditional medicine for the treatment of convulsions and culture-bound syndromes such as susto (fear). The aim of this work was to evaluate the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of an aqueous extract of T. parthenium in behavioral paradigms in mice. The effects of T. parthenium were compared with those produced by anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs. We carried out the chemical characterization of the main constituents of T. parthenium. The involvement with the GABAergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitter systems were explored be means of synergic and antagonist experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anxiolytic-like effect was evaluated using the Burying Behavior Test (BBT) and the Elevated Plus-Maze Test (PMT). The antidepressant-like effect was evaluated in the Forced Swimming Test (FST), and ambulatory activity was assessed in the Open Field Test (OFT). Employing the behavioral tests, synergism and antagonism experiments with Alprazolam, Muscimol, and Picrotoxin were carried out in the PMT. In a series of independent experiments, concomitant administration of T. parthenium and Alprazolam, Fluoxetine, or p-chlorophenylalanine were conducted in the FST. For chemical characterization, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electro Spray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis was performed. RESULTS T. parthenium exerts clear anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in mice, without affecting the ambulatory activity of the experimental subjects. CONCLUSIONS Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like T. parthenium effects result, at least part from the involvement of the GABAergic system. Our results support the use of Tanacetum parthenium in traditional medicine and suggest its therapeutic potential in the comorbid anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), México
| | - Valeria Reyes-Pérez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), México; Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Toluca, Estado de México, México; Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Del. Tlalpan, 14370 CDMX, México
| | | | - Ana María Dorantes-Barrón
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Del. Tlalpan, 14370 CDMX, México
| | - Salvador Almazán
- Departamento de Bioelectrónica, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Del. Tlalpan, 14370 CDMX, México
| | - Rosa Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Del. Tlalpan, 14370 CDMX, México.
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Seca AM, Silva AM, Pinto DC. Parthenolide and Parthenolide-Like Sesquiterpene Lactones as Multiple Targets Drugs. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63931-8.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Freund RRA, Arndt HD. Synthesis of (±)-4,5-dia-Parthenolide, an Unnatural Parthenolide Stereoisomer. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11009-11016. [PMID: 27726361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A short total synthesis of the novel unnatural parthenolide diastereomer (±)-4,5-dia-parthenolide was accomplished in 13 steps and an overall yield of 1.75% starting from commercially available (E,E)-farnesol. The challenging isopropenyl side chain oxidation was regioselectively achieved via a newly developed stepwise dihydroxylation procedure, employing a Bartlett-Smith iodocarbonate cyclization followed by iodide substitution and catalytic transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R A Freund
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie , Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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38
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Farzadfar S, Zarinkamar F, Behmanesh M, Hojati M. Magnesium and manganese interactively modulate parthenolide accumulation and the antioxidant defense system in the leaves of Tanacetum parthenium. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 202:10-20. [PMID: 27450490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A balanced nutrient supply is a critical factor affecting accumulation of terpenoids in plants, yet data related to the interactive effects of two essential nutrients for the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes are scarce. Here, the interactional effects between magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) on plant growth, oxidative status, parthenolide accumulation and expression of key genes involved in parthenolide biosynthesis including 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase (HDR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase (HMGR), germacrene A synthase (GAS), germacrene A oxidase (GAO), costunolide synthase (COS) and parthenolide synthase (PTS) in the leaves of feverfew plants grown at different Mn and Mn levels were assessed. Plant growth and leaf pigment concentrations were associated with the amount of applied Mg but could be modified by the Mn level. Deprivation and the addition of both Mg and Mn induce oxidative stress. Mg supply also alleviated the adverse effects of Mn excess on plant growth and oxidative status. In addition, parthenolide biosynthesis decreased under deprivation of Mg or Mn, but the addition of Mn up to 50μM under 2mM Mg supply considerably increased its accumulation. The parthenolide accumulation trend might reflect the up-regulation of terpenoid-related genes and enzyme activities as well as the oxidative status of feverfew leaves. Our data suggest a profound effect of the combined supply of Mg and Mn on parthenolide biosynthesis through the activation of terpene synthases, which concomitantly modulate by oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Farzadfar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarinkamar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hojati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Aschenbrenner AK, Kwon M, Conrad J, Ro DK, Spring O. Identification and characterization of two bisabolene synthases from linear glandular trichomes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 124:29-37. [PMID: 26880289 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower is known to produce a variety of bisabolene-type sesquiterpenes and accumulates these substances in trichomes of leaves, stems and flowering parts. A bioinformatics approach was used to identify the enzyme responsible for the initial step in the biosynthesis of these compounds from its precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate. Based on sequence similarity with a known bisabolene synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana AtTPS12, candidate genes of Helianthus were searched in EST-database and used to design specific primers. PCR experiments identified two candidates in the RNA pool of linear glandular trichomes of sunflower. Their sequences contained the typical motifs of sesquiterpene synthases and their expression in yeast functionally characterized them as bisabolene synthases. Spectroscopic analysis identified the stereochemistry of the product of both enzymes as (Z)-γ-bisabolene. The origin of the two sunflower bisabolene synthase genes from the transcripts of linear trichomes indicates that they may be involved in the synthesis of sesquiterpenes produced in these trichomes. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the sunflower bisabolene synthases showed high similarity with sesquiterpene synthases from other Asteracean species and indicated putative evolutionary origin from a β-farnesene synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Otmar Spring
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Li Y, Chen F, Li Z, Li C, Zhang Y. Identification and Functional Characterization of Sesquiterpene Synthases from Xanthium strumarium. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:630-41. [PMID: 26858282 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium synthesizes various pharmacologically active sesquiterpenes. The molecular characterization of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in X. strumarium has not been reported so far. In this study, the cDNAs coding for three sesquiterpene synthases (designated as XsTPS1, XsTPS2 and XsTPS3) were isolated using the X. strumarium transcriptome that we recently constructed. XsTPS1, XsTPS2 and XsTPS3 were revealed to have primary activities forming germacrene D, guaia-4,6-diene and germacrene A, respectively, by either ectopic expression in yeast cells or purified recombinant protein-based in vitro assays. Quantitative real-time PCRs and metabolite analysis for the different plant parts showed that the transcript abundance of XsTPS1-XsTPS3 is consistent with the accumulation pattern of their enzymatic products, supporting their biochemical functions in vivo. In particular, we discovered that none of the XsTPS2 product, guaia-4,6-diene, can be detected in one of the X. strumarium cultivars used in this study (it was named the Hubei-cultivar), in which a natural deletion of two A bases in the XsTPS2 cDNA disrupts its activity, which further confirmed the proposed biochemical role of XsTPS2 in X. strumarium in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenqiu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Changfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, China
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41
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Majdi M, Ashengroph M, Abdollahi MR. Sesquiterpene lactone engineering in microbial and plant platforms: parthenolide and artemisinin as case studies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1041-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Majdi M, Abdollahi MR, Maroufi A. Parthenolide accumulation and expression of genes related to parthenolide biosynthesis affected by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid in Tanacetum parthenium. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1909-1918. [PMID: 26183953 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of germacrene A synthase and down-regulation of parthenolide hydroxylase genes play key role in parthenolide accumulation of feverfew plants treated with methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. Parthenolide is an important sesquiterpene lactone due to its anti-migraine and anti-cancer properties. Parthenolide amount was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography after foliar application of methyl jasmonate (100 µM) or salicylic acid (1.0 mM) on feverfew leaves in time course experiment (3-96 h). Results indicate that exogenous application of methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid activated parthenolide biosynthesis. Parthenolide content reached its highest amount at 24 h after methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid treatments, which were 3.1- and 1.96-fold higher than control plants, respectively. Parthenolide transiently increased due to methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid treatments until 24 h, but did not show significant difference compared with control plants at 48 and 96 h time points in both treatments. Also, the transcript levels of early pathway (upstream) genes of terpene biosynthesis including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase and hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase and the biosynthetic genes of parthenolide including germacrene A synthase, germacrene A oxidase, costunolide synthase and parthenolide synthase were increased by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid treatments, but with different intensity. The transcriptional levels of these genes were higher in methyl jasmonate-treated plants than salicylic acid-treated plants. Parthenolide content measurements along with expression pattern analysis of the aforementioned genes and parthenolide hydroxylase as side branch gene of parthenolide suggest that the expression patterns of early pathway genes were not directly consistent with parthenolide accumulation pattern; hence, parthenolide accumulation is probably further modulated by the expression of its biosynthetic genes, especially germacrene A synthase and also its side branch gene, parthenolide hydroxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Majdi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Asad Maroufi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Sotes GJ, Cavieres LA, Montesinos D, Pereira Coutinho AX, Peláez WJ, Lopes SM, Pinho e Melo TM. Inter-regional variation on leaf surface defenses in native and non-native Centaurea solstitialis plants. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Eljounaidi K, Comino C, Moglia A, Cankar K, Genre A, Hehn A, Bourgaud F, Beekwilder J, Lanteri S. Accumulation of cynaropicrin in globe artichoke and localization of enzymes involved in its biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:128-36. [PMID: 26398797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) belongs to the Asteraceae family, in which one of the most biologically significant class of secondary metabolites are sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). In globe artichoke the principal STL is the cynaropicrin, which contributes to approximately 80% of its characteristic bitter taste. Cynaropicrin content was assessed in globe artichoke tissues and was observed to accumulate in leaves of different developmental stages. In the receptacle, a progressive decrease was observed during inflorescence development, while the STL could not be detected in the inflorescence bracts. Almost undetectable amounts were found in the roots and inflorescence stems at the commercial stage. Cynaropicrin content was found to correlate with expression of genes encoding CcGAS, CcGAO and CcCOS, which are involved in the STL biosynthesis. A more detailed study of leaf material revealed that cynaropicrin predominantly accumulates in the trichomes, and not in the apoplastic cavity fluids. Analysis of the promoter regions of CcGAO and CcCOS revealed the presence of L1-box motifs, which confers trichome-specific expression in Arabidopsis, suggesting that cynaropicrin is not only stored but also synthesized in trichomes. A transient expression of GFP fusion proteins was performed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants: the CcGAS fluorescence signal was located in the cytoplasm while the CcGAO and CcCOS localized to the endoplasmatic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eljounaidi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - C Comino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - A Moglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - K Cankar
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - A Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - F Bourgaud
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; INRA, UMR 1121 Agronomie et Environnement, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J Beekwilder
- Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Lanteri
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Yang ZJ, Ge WZ, Li QY, Lu Y, Gong JM, Kuang BJ, Xi X, Wu H, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Costunolide, Parthenolide, and Their Fluorinated Analogues. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7007-20. [PMID: 26226279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), herein we report the asymmetric total synthesis of the germacrane ring (24). The synthetic strategy features a selective aldol reaction between β,γ-unsaturated chiral sulfonylamide 15a and aldehyde 13, as well as the intramolecular α-alkylation of sulfone 21 to construct a 10-membered carbocylic ring. The key intermediate 24 can be used to prepare the natural products costunolide and parthenolide (PTL), which are the key precursors for transformation into other SLs. Furthermore, the described synthetic sequences are amenable to the total synthesis of SL analogues, such as trifluoromethylated analogues 32 and 45. Analogues 32 and 45 maintained high activities against a series of cancer cell lines compared to their parent PTL and costunolide, respectively. In addition, 32 showed enhanced tolerance to acidic media compared with PTL. To our surprise, PTL and 32 showed comparable half-lives in rat plasma and in the presence of human liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhi Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ying Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Miao Gong
- Accendatech Company, Ltd. , Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Jia Kuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Xi
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiting Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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46
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Optimization of Biochemical Screening Methods for Volatile and Unstable Sesquiterpenoids Using HS-SPME-GC-MS. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Yin H, Zhuang YB, Li EE, Bi HP, Zhou W, Liu T. Heterologous biosynthesis of costunolide in Escherichia coli and yield improvement. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1249-55. [PMID: 25700819 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide, the main bioactive compound of the medicinal plant, Radix Aucklandiae, is a sesquiterpene lactone (SL) and has a broad range of biological activities. It is also a precursor of many biologically-active SLs and is a branching point in the biosynthesis of SLs. Here we have reconstituted the costunolide biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli by co-expression of three genes (GAS, GAO, LsCOS) involved in costunolide biosynthesis and eight genes involved in converting acetyl-CoA into farnesyl diphosphate from mevalonate pathway. Costunolide production was then detected. By screening and optimization of cultured medium and inducing temperature, costunolide yield was up to 100 mg l(-1) in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xiqidao, Airport Economic Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China,
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Benabdelkader T, Guitton Y, Pasquier B, Magnard JL, Jullien F, Kameli A, Legendre L. Functional characterization of terpene synthases and chemotypic variation in three lavender species of section Stoechas. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:43-57. [PMID: 24943828 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. subsp. lusitanica, Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas and Lavandula viridis l'Hér. are three lavender taxa that belong to the botanical section Stoechas and are widely used as aromatherapy, culinary herb or folk medicine in many Mediterranean regions. The analysis of their bioactive volatile constituents revealed the presence of 124 substances, the most abundant being the bicyclic monoterpenes fenchone, camphor and 1,8-cineole that give these three species their respective chemotypes. Most noteworthy was fenchone which, with its reduced form fenchol, made 48% of the total volatile constituents of L. pedunculata while present at 2.9% in L. stoechas and undetectable in L. viridis. In order to provide a molecular explanation to the differences in volatile compounds of these three species, two monoterpene synthases (monoTPS) and one sesquiterpene synthase (sesquiTPS) were cloned in L. pedunculata and functionally characterized as fenchol synthase (LpFENS), α-pinene synthase (LpPINS) and germacrene A synthase (LpGEAS). The two other lavender species contained a single orthologous gene for each of these three classes of TPS with similar enzyme product specificities. Expression profiles of FENS and PINS genes matched the accumulation profile of the enzyme products unlike GEAS. This study provides one of the rare documented cases of chemotype modification during plant speciation via changes in the level of plant TPS gene expression, and not functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Benabdelkader
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université M'hamed Bougara, Boumerdes, 35000, Algeria
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49
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Pazouki L, Memari HR, Kännaste A, Bichele R, Niinemets Ü. Germacrene A synthase in yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is an enzyme with mixed substrate specificity: gene cloning, functional characterization and expression analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:111. [PMID: 25784918 PMCID: PMC4347605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoid synthases constitute a highly diverse gene family producing a wide range of cyclic and acyclic molecules consisting of isoprene (C5) residues. Often a single terpene synthase produces a spectrum of molecules of given chain length, but some terpene synthases can use multiple substrates, producing products of different chain length. Only a few such enzymes has been characterized, but the capacity for multiple-substrate use can be more widespread than previously thought. Here we focused on germacrene A synthase (GAS) that is a key cytosolic enzyme in the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis pathway in the important medicinal plant Achillea millefolium (AmGAS). The full length encoding gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), functionally characterized, and its in vivo expression was analyzed. The recombinant protein catalyzed formation of germacrene A with the C15 substrate farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), while acyclic monoterpenes were formed with the C10 substrate geranyl diphosphate (GDP) and cyclic monoterpenes with the C10 substrate neryl diphosphate (NDP). Although monoterpene synthesis has been assumed to be confined exclusively to plastids, AmGAS can potentially synthesize monoterpenes in cytosol when GDP or NDP become available. AmGAS enzyme had high homology with GAS sequences from other Asteraceae species, suggesting that multi-substrate use can be more widespread among germacrene A synthases than previously thought. Expression studies indicated that AmGAS was expressed in both autotrophic and heterotrophic plant compartments with the highest expression levels in leaves and flowers. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the cloning and characterization of germacrene A synthase coding gene in A. millefolium, and multi-substrate use of GAS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Leila Pazouki, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia e-mail:
| | - Hamid R. Memari
- Biotechnology and Life Science Center and School of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran UniversityAhvaz, Iran
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
| | - Rudolf Bichele
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life SciencesTartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of SciencesTallinn, Estonia
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Silva MP, Tourn GM, López D, Galati BG, Piazza LA, Zarlavsky G, Cantero JJ, Scopel AL. Secretory Structures in <i>Flourensia campestris</i> and <i>F. oolepis</i>: Ultrastructure, Distribution, and (-)-Hamanasic Acid A Secretion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.67100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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