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Smit SJ, Ayten S, Radzikowska BA, Hamilton JP, Langer S, Unsworth WP, Larson TR, Buell CR, Lichman BR. The genomic and enzymatic basis for iridoid biosynthesis in cat thyme (Teucrium marum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1589-1602. [PMID: 38489316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Iridoids are non-canonical monoterpenoids produced by both insects and plants. An example is the cat-attracting and insect-repelling volatile iridoid nepetalactone, produced by Nepeta sp. (catmint) and aphids. Recently, both nepetalactone biosynthetic pathways were elucidated, showing a remarkable convergent evolution. The iridoid, dolichodial, produced by Teucrium marum (cat thyme) and multiple insect species, has highly similar properties to nepetalactone but its biosynthetic origin remains unknown. We set out to determine the genomic, enzymatic, and evolutionary basis of iridoid biosynthesis in T. marum. First, we generated a de novo chromosome-scale genome assembly for T. marum using Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads and proximity-by-ligation Hi-C reads. The 610.3 Mb assembly spans 15 pseudomolecules with a 32.9 Mb N50 scaffold size. This enabled identification of iridoid biosynthetic genes, whose roles were verified via activity assays. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the evolutionary history of T. marum iridoid synthase, the iridoid scaffold-forming enzyme, is not orthologous to typical iridoid synthases but is derived from its conserved paralog. We discovered an enzymatic route from nepetalactol to diverse iridoids through the coupled activity of an iridoid oxidase cytochrome P450 and acetyltransferases, via an inferred acylated intermediate. This work provides a genomic resource for specialized metabolite research in mints and demonstration of the role of acetylation in T. marum iridoid diversity. This work will enable future biocatalytic or biosynthetic production of potent insect repellents, as well as comparative studies into iridoid biosynthesis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Smit
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sefa Ayten
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Barbara A Radzikowska
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - John P Hamilton
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Swen Langer
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Tony R Larson
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - C Robin Buell
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin R Lichman
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Li Y, Zhai X, Ma L, Zhao L, An N, Feng W, Huang L, Zheng X. Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Catalpol Biosynthesis in the Medicinal Plant Rehmannia glutinosa and the Functional Characterization of RgGES Genes. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:155. [PMID: 38397145 PMCID: PMC10888080 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa, a member of the Scrophulariaceae family, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. The main bioactive component of R. glutinosa is catalpol. However, the biogenesis of catalpol, especially its downstream pathway, remains unclear. To identify candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of catalpol, transcriptomes were constructed from R. glutinosa using the young leaves of three cultivars, Beijing No. 3, Huaifeng, and Jin No. 9, as well as the tuberous roots and adventitious roots of the Jin No. 9 cultivar. As a result, 71,142 unigenes with functional annotations were generated. A comparative analysis of the R. glutinosa transcriptomes identified over 200 unigenes of 13 enzymes potentially involved in the downstream steps of catalpol formation, including 9 genes encoding UGTs, 13 for aldehyde dehydrogenases, 70 for oxidoreductases, 44 for CYP450s, 22 for dehydratases, 30 for decarboxylases, 19 for hydroxylases, and 10 for epoxidases. Moreover, two novel genes encoding geraniol synthase (RgGES), which is the first committed enzyme in catalpol production, were cloned from R. glutinosa. The purified recombinant proteins of RgGESs effectively converted GPP to geraniol. This study is the first to discover putative genes coding the tailoring enzymes mentioned above in catalpol biosynthesis, and functionally characterize the enzyme-coding gene in this pathway in R. glutinosa. The results enrich genetic resources for engineering the biosynthetic pathway of catalpol and iridoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoru Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Ligang Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Le Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Na An
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Longyu Huang
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.)
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Guo M, Lv H, Chen H, Dong S, Zhang J, Liu W, He L, Ma Y, Yu H, Chen S, Luo H. Strategies on biosynthesis and production of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:13-26. [PMID: 38375043 PMCID: PMC10874775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a valuable source of essential medicines and herbal products for healthcare and disease therapy. Compared with chemical synthesis and extraction, the biosynthesis of natural products is a very promising alternative for the successful conservation of medicinal plants, and its rapid development will greatly facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants. Here, we summarize the advances in strategies and methods concerning the biosynthesis and production of natural products of medicinal plants. The strategies and methods mainly include genetic engineering, plant cell culture engineering, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology based on multiple "OMICS" technologies, with paradigms for the biosynthesis of terpenoids and alkaloids. We also highlight the biosynthetic approaches and discuss progress in the production of some valuable natural products, exemplifying compounds such as vindoline (alkaloid), artemisinin and paclitaxel (terpenoids), to illustrate the power of biotechnology in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxian Guo
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haizhou Lv
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuting Dong
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu He
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimian Ma
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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Rao P, Yaroslavsky MA, Miller JC, Schuler MA. Catalytic Site Constraints in the P450s Mediating Loganic Acid (7DLH) and Secologanic Acid Synthesis (SLAS) in Camptotheca. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2763-2774. [PMID: 37656055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) are plant-derived natural products synthesized in low levels in medicinal plants such as Catharanthus roseus and Camptotheca acuminata. TIA pathways species utilize several CYP72A subfamily members to form loganic acid from 7-deoxyloganic acid (a simple hydroxylation) as well as secologanin and secologanic acid from loganin and loganic acid (a C-C bond scission). Divergences in the specificities of these P450s have allowed Camptotheca secologanic acid synthases (SLASs) to become bifunctional enzymes capable of performing both reactions. In contrast, Catharanthus 7-deoxyloganic acid hydroxylase (7DLH) and secologanin synthase (SLS) have remained monofunctional enzymes capable either of monooxygenation or C-C bond scission. Our in vitro reconstitutions have now demonstrated that Camptotheca also contains a monofunctional 7DLH capable only of hydroxylating 7-deoxyloganic acid. Mutageneses aimed at evaluating residues important for the tight specificity of Camptotheca 7DLH (CYP72A729) and the broad specificity of SLAS (CYP72A564) have identified several residues where reciprocal switches substantially affect their activities: Lys128His in 7DLH increases hydroxylation of 7-deoxyloganic acid, and His132Lys in SLAS decreases this hydroxylation and C-C bond scissions of loganic acid and loganin; Gly321Ser in 7DLH does not affect hydroxylation of 7-deoxyloganic acid, whereas Ser324Gly in SLAS significantly increases C-C bond scission of loganic acid; Asp332Glu in the acid-alcohol pair of 7DLH increases hydroxylation of 7-deoxyloganic acid, whereas Glu335Asp in SLAS completely eliminates both of its activities. These mutations that enhance or eliminate these respective activities have significant potential to aid engineering efforts aimed at increasing TIA production in cell cultures, microbial systems, and/or other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mark A Yaroslavsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Justin C Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mary A Schuler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Salim V, Jarecki SA, Vick M, Miller R. Advances in Metabolic Engineering of Plant Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1056. [PMID: 37626942 PMCID: PMC10452178 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) encompass a diverse family of over 3000 plant natural products with a wide range of medical applications. Further utilizations of these compounds, however, are hampered due to low levels of abundance in their natural sources, causing difficult isolation and complex multi-steps in uneconomical chemical syntheses. Metabolic engineering of MIA biosynthesis in heterologous hosts is attractive, particularly for increasing the yield of natural products of interest and expanding their chemical diversity. Here, we review recent advances and strategies which have been adopted to engineer microbial and plant systems for the purpose of generating MIAs and discuss the current issues and future developments of manufacturing MIAs by synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonny Salim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Sara-Alexis Jarecki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Marshall Vick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Ryan Miller
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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Zhou M, Jiang Y, Liu X, Kong W, Zhang C, Yang J, Ke S, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution Analysis of the CYP76 Subfamily in Rice ( Oryza sativa). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108522. [PMID: 37239869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The CYP76 subfamily, a member of the CYP superfamily, plays crucial roles in the biosynthesis of phytohormones in plants, involving biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, hormone signaling, and response to environmental stresses. Here, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the CYP76 subfamily in seven AA genome species: Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, Oryza sativa ssp. indica, Oryza rufipogon, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza barthii, and Oryza glumaepatula. These were identified and classified into three groups, and it was found that Group 1 contained the largest number of members. Analysis of cis-acting elements revealed a large number of elements related to jasmonic acid and light response. The gene duplication analysis revealed that the CYP76 subfamily expanded mainly in SD/WGD and tandem forms and underwent strong purifying selection during evolution. Expression pattern analysis of OsCYP76s in various developmental stages revealed that the majority of OsCYP76s exhibit relatively restricted expression patterns in leaves and roots. We further analyzed the expression of CYP76s in O. sativa, japonica, and O. sativa, indica under cold, flooding, drought, and salt abiotic stresses by qRT-PCR. We found that OsCYP76-11 showed a huge increase in relative expression after drought and salt stresses. After flooding stress, OsiCYP76-4 showed a greater increase in expression compared to other genes. CYP76 in japonica and indica showed different response patterns to the same abiotic stresses, revealing functional divergence in the gene family during evolution; these may be the key genes responsible for the differences in tolerance to indica japonica. Our results provide valuable insights into the functional diversity and evolutionary history of the CYP76 subfamily and pave the way for the development of new strategies for improving stress tolerance and agronomic traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weilong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Simin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wu M, Lai H, Peng W, Zhou X, Zhu L, Tu H, Yuan K, Yang Z. Monotropein: A comprehensive review of biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109940. [PMID: 36937894 PMCID: PMC10017856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monotropein, a principal natural compound in iridoid glycosides extracted from Morindae officinalis radix, has potent pharmacological activities. To understand and utilize monotropein, we systematically summarized the studies on monotropein, including its biosynthetic pathway, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology. Interestingly, we found that the multiple bioactivities of monotropein, such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-nociception, and hepatic or renal protection, are closely associated with its capability of downregulating the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, attenuating the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway, and regulating the mammalian target of rapamycin/autophagy signaling pathway. However, the clinically therapeutic effects and the potential problems need to be addressed. This review highlights the current research progress on monotropein, which provides a reference for further investigation of monotropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingquan Wu, ; Zhirui Yang,
| | - Huabing Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation and Prosthetic Orthopedics Center, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kezhu Yuan
- Department of Scientific Research, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingquan Wu, ; Zhirui Yang,
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Improved protein glycosylation enabled heterologous biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids and their unnatural derivatives in yeast. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 16:e00215. [PMID: 36569379 PMCID: PMC9772838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With over 3000 reported structures, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) constitute one of the largest alkaloid groups in nature, including the clinically important anticancer drug vinblastine and its semi-synthetic derivatives from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar's periwinkle). With the elucidation of the complete 28-step biosynthesis for anhydrovinblastine, it is possible to investigate the heterologous production of vinblastine and other medicinal MIAs. In this study, we successfully expressed the flavoenzyme O-acetylstemmadenine oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) by signal peptide modification, which is a vinblastine biosynthetic gene that has not been functionally expressed in this system. We also reported the simultaneous integration of ∼18 kb MIA biosynthetic gene cassettes as single copies into four genomic loci of baker's yeast by CRISPR-Cas9, which enabled the biosynthesis of vinblastine precursors catharanthine and tabersonine from the feedstocks secologanin and tryptamine. We further demonstrated the biosynthesis of fluorinated and hydroxylated catharanthine and tabersonine derivatives using our yeasts, which showed that the MIA biosynthesis accommodates unnatural substrates, and the system can be further explored to produce other complex MIAs.
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Abstract
Plants, animals, and microbes produce a plethora of natural products that are important for defense and communication. Most of these compounds show a phylogenetically restricted occurrence, but, in rare instances, the same natural product is biosynthesized by organisms in two different kingdoms. The monoterpene-derived iridoids, for example, have been found in more than 50 plant families but are also observed in several insect orders. The discovery of the aphid iridoid pathway, one of the longest and most chemically complex insect-derived natural product biosynthetic pathways reported to date, highlights the mechanisms underlying the convergent evolution of metabolic enzymes in insects and plants, including the recruitment of different enzyme classes to catalyze the same chemical processes. Iridoid monoterpenes, widely distributed in plants and insects, have many ecological functions. While the biosynthesis of iridoids has been extensively studied in plants, little is known about how insects synthesize these natural products. Here, we elucidated the biosynthesis of the iridoids cis-trans-nepetalactol and cis-trans-nepetalactone in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), where they act as sex pheromones. The exclusive production of iridoids in hind legs of sexual female aphids allowed us to identify iridoid genes by searching for genes specifically expressed in this tissue. Biochemical characterization of candidate enzymes revealed that the iridoid pathway in aphids proceeds through the same sequence of intermediates as described for plants. The six identified aphid enzymes are unrelated to their counterparts in plants, conclusively demonstrating an independent evolution of the entire iridoid pathway in plants and insects. In contrast to the plant pathway, at least three of the aphid iridoid enzymes are likely membrane bound. We demonstrated that a lipid environment facilitates the cyclization of a reactive enol intermediate to the iridoid cyclopentanoid-pyran scaffold in vitro, suggesting that membranes are an essential component of the aphid iridoid pathway. Altogether, our discovery of this complex insect metabolic pathway establishes the genetic and biochemical basis for the formation of iridoid sex pheromones in aphids, and this discovery also serves as a foundation for understanding the convergent evolution of complex metabolic pathways between kingdoms.
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Uzaki M, Yamamoto K, Murakami A, Fuji Y, Ohnishi M, Ishizaki K, Fukaki H, Hirai MY, Mimura T. Differential regulation of fluorescent alkaloid metabolism between idioblast and lacticifer cells during leaf development in Catharanthus roseus seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:473-483. [PMID: 35243587 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive specialized (secondary) metabolites are indispensable for plant development or adjustment to their surrounding environment. In many plants, these specialized metabolites are accumulated in specifically differentiated cells. Catharanthus roseus is a well-known medicinal plant known for producing many kinds of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs). C. roseus has two types of specifically differentiated cells accumulating MIAs, so-called idioblast cells and laticifer cells. In this study, we compared each of the cells as they changed during seedling growth, and found that the fluorescent metabolites accumulated in these cells were differentially regulated. Analysis of fluorescent compounds revealed that the fluorescence observed in these cells was emitted from the compound serpentine. Further, we found that the serpentine content of leaves increased as leaves grew. Our findings suggest that idioblast cells and laticifer cells have different biological roles in MIA biosynthesis and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Uzaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yushiro Fuji
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, No.1, University Road, 701, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Li T, Yu X, Ren Y, Kang M, Yang W, Feng L, Hu Q. The chromosome-level genome assembly of Gentiana dahurica (Gentianaceae) provides insights into gentiopicroside biosynthesis. DNA Res 2022; 29:6563597. [PMID: 35380665 PMCID: PMC9019652 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiana dahurica Fisch. is a perennial herb of the family Gentianaceae. This species is used as a traditional Tibetan medicine because of its rich gentiopicroside constituents. Here, we generate a high-quality, chromosome-level genome of G. dahurica with a total length of 1,416.54 Mb. Comparative genomic analyses showed that G. dahurica shared one whole-genome duplication (WGD) event with Gelsemium sempervirens of the family Gelsemiaceaei and had one additional species-specific WGD after the ancient whole-genome triplication with other eudicots. Further transcriptome analyses identified numerous enzyme coding genes and the transcription factors related to gentiopicroside biosynthesis. A set of candidate cytochrome P450 genes were identified for being involved in biosynthetic shifts from swertiamarin to gentiopicroside. Both gene expressions and the contents measured by high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the gentiopicrosides were mainly synthesized in the rhizomes with the highest contents. In addition, we found that two above-mentioned WGDs, contributed greatly to the identified candidate genes involving in gentiopicroside biosynthesis. The first reference genome of Gentianaceae we generated here will definitely accelerate evolutionary, ecological, and pharmaceutical studies of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yumeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minghui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Landi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Quanjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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Quan LQ, Zhou Y, Liu D, Chen CH, Li HM, Li RT. Iridoids and sesquiterpenoids from Valeriana jatamansi and their anti-influenza virus activities. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Kang M, Fu R, Zhang P, Lou S, Yang X, Chen Y, Ma T, Zhang Y, Xi Z, Liu J. A chromosome-level Camptotheca acuminata genome assembly provides insights into the evolutionary origin of camptothecin biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3531. [PMID: 34112794 PMCID: PMC8192753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin and its derivatives are widely used for treating malignant tumors. Previous studies revealed only a limited number of candidate genes for camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata, and it is still poorly understood how its biosynthesis of camptothecin has evolved. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-level C. acuminata genome assembly. We find that C. acuminata experiences an independent whole-genome duplication and numerous genes derive from it are related to camptothecin biosynthesis. Comparing with Catharanthus roseus, the loganic acid O-methyltransferase (LAMT) in C. acuminata fails to convert loganic acid into loganin. Instead, two secologanic acid synthases (SLASs) convert loganic acid to secologanic acid. The functional divergence of the LAMT gene and positive evolution of two SLAS genes, therefore, both contribute greatly to the camptothecin biosynthesis in C. acuminata. Our results emphasize the importance of high-quality genome assembly in identifying genetic changes in the evolutionary origin of a secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangling Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Colinas M, Pollier J, Vaneechoutte D, Malat DG, Schweizer F, De Milde L, De Clercq R, Guedes JG, Martínez-Cortés T, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Sottomayor M, Vandepoele K, Goossens A. Subfunctionalization of Paralog Transcription Factors Contributes to Regulation of Alkaloid Pathway Branch Choice in Catharanthus roseus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:687406. [PMID: 34113373 PMCID: PMC8186833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces a diverse range of specialized metabolites of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) class in a heavily branched pathway. Recent great progress in identification of MIA biosynthesis genes revealed that the different pathway branch genes are expressed in a highly cell type- and organ-specific and stress-dependent manner. This implies a complex control by specific transcription factors (TFs), only partly revealed today. We generated and mined a comprehensive compendium of publicly available C. roseus transcriptome data for MIA pathway branch-specific TFs. Functional analysis was performed through extensive comparative gene expression analysis and profiling of over 40 MIA metabolites in the C. roseus flower petal expression system. We identified additional members of the known BIS and ORCA regulators. Further detailed study of the ORCA TFs suggests subfunctionalization of ORCA paralogs in terms of target gene-specific regulation and synergistic activity with the central jasmonate response regulator MYC2. Moreover, we identified specific amino acid residues within the ORCA DNA-binding domains that contribute to the differential regulation of some MIA pathway branches. Our results advance our understanding of TF paralog specificity for which, despite the common occurrence of closely related paralogs in many species, comparative studies are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Colinas
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Vaneechoutte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deniz G. Malat
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Schweizer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca De Clercq
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joana G. Guedes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairaão, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Martínez-Cortés
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairaão, Portugal
| | - Francisco J. Molina-Hidalgo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariana Sottomayor
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairaão, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Xiang Q, Lott AA, Assmann SM, Chen S. Advances and perspectives in the metabolomics of stomatal movement and the disease triangle. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110697. [PMID: 33288010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crops are continuously exposed to microbial pathogens that cause tremendous yield losses worldwide. Stomatal pores formed by pairs of specialized guard cells in the leaf epidermis represent a major route of pathogen entry. Guard cells have an essential role as a first line of defense against pathogens. Metabolomics is an indispensable systems biology tool that has facilitated discovery and functional studies of metabolites that regulate stomatal movement in response to pathogens and other environmental factors. Guard cells, pathogens and environmental factors constitute the "stomatal disease triangle". The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances toward understanding the stomatal disease triangle in the context of newly discovered signaling molecules, hormone crosstalk, and consequent molecular changes that integrate pathogens and environmental sensing into stomatal immune responses. Future perspectives on emerging single-cell studies, multiomics and molecular imaging in the context of stomatal defense are discussed. Advances in this important area of plant biology will inform rational crop engineering and breeding for enhanced stomatal defense without disruption of other pathways that impact crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Xiang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aneirin A Lott
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, FL, USA; Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Florida, FL, USA.
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16
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Stander EA, Sepúlveda LJ, Dugé de Bernonville T, Carqueijeiro I, Koudounas K, Lemos Cruz P, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Papon N, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Dirks R, O’Connor SE, Atehortùa L, Oudin A, Courdavault V. Identifying Genes Involved in alkaloid Biosynthesis in Vinca minor Through Transcriptomics and Gene Co-Expression Analysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121595. [PMID: 33255314 PMCID: PMC7761029 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lesser periwinkle Vinca minor accumulates numerous monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) including the vasodilator vincamine. While the biosynthetic pathway of MIAs has been largely elucidated in other Apocynaceae such as Catharanthus roseus, the counterpart in V. minor remains mostly unknown, especially for reactions leading to MIAs specific to this plant. As a consequence, we generated a comprehensive V. minor transcriptome elaborated from eight distinct samples including roots, old and young leaves exposed to low or high light exposure conditions. This optimized resource exhibits an improved completeness compared to already published ones. Through homology-based searches using C. roseus genes as bait, we predicted candidate genes for all common steps of the MIA pathway as illustrated by the cloning of a tabersonine/vincadifformine 16-O-methyltransferase (Vm16OMT) isoform. The functional validation of this enzyme revealed its capacity of methylating 16-hydroxylated derivatives of tabersonine, vincadifformine and lochnericine with a Km 0.94 ± 0.06 µM for 16-hydroxytabersonine. Furthermore, by combining expression of fusions with yellow fluorescent proteins and interaction assays, we established that Vm16OMT is located in the cytosol and forms homodimers. Finally, a gene co-expression network was performed to identify candidate genes of the missing V. minor biosynthetic steps to guide MIA pathway elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Amor Stander
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Liuda Johana Sepúlveda
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia Medellin 050021, Colombia;
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Study Group (GEIHP, EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, 49933 Angers, France;
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
| | - Ron Dirks
- Future Genomics Technologies, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sarah Ellen O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Antioquia Medellin 050021, Colombia;
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 “Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales”, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France; (E.A.S.); (L.J.S.); (T.D.d.B.); (I.C.); (K.K.); (P.L.C.); (S.B.); (A.L.); (N.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (V.C.)
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17
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Kouda R, Yakushiji F. Recent Advances in Iridoid Chemistry: Biosynthesis and Chemical Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3771-3783. [PMID: 33016562 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Iridoids are a large family of monoterpenoids found in traditional medicinal plants and show significant effects for the human species. In addition to their wide range of biological activities, such as neuroprotective and antitumor activities, the cis-fused bicyclic ring systems of iridoids are still attractive as synthetic targets to apply novel synthetic methodologies. Accordingly, recent progress regarding the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of iridoids is covered in this minireview. Identification of new enzymes for the iridoid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus and ingenious synthetic strategies for the construction of the iridoid skeleton are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Kouda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumika Yakushiji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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18
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Metabolic Regulation Analysis of Ajmalicine Biosynthesis Pathway in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Suspension Culture Using Nanosensor. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ajmalicine is one of the most popular antihypertensive drugs obtained from the root barks of Cathranthus roseus (L.) G. Don and Rauvolfia serpentine (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. It has also potential antimicrobial, cytotoxic, central depressant and antioxidant activities. As the demand for the alkaloid is significantly high, metabolic engineering approaches are being tried to increase its production in both homologous and heterologous systems. The metabolic engineering approach requires knowledge of the metabolic regulation of the alkaloid. For understanding the metabolic regulation, fluxomic analysis is important as it helps in understanding the flux of the alkaloid through the complicated metabolic pathway. The present study was conducted to analyse the flux analysis of the ajmalicine biosynthesis, using a genetically encoded Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer FRET-based nanosensor for ajmalicine (FLIP-Ajn). Here, we have silenced six important genes of terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA), namely G10H, 10HGO, TDC, SLS, STR and SDG, through RNA-mediated gene silencing in different batches of C. roseus suspension cells, generating six silenced cell lines. Monitoring of the ajmalicine level was carried out using FLIP-Ajn in these silenced cell lines, with high spatial and temporal resolution. The study offers the rapid, high throughput real-time measurement of ajmalicine flux in response to the silenced TIA genes, thereby identifying the regulatory gene controlling the alkaloid flux in C. roseus suspension cells. We have reported that the STR gene encoding strictosidine synthase of the TIA pathway could be the regulatory gene of the ajmalicine biosynthesis.
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19
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Mele MA, Kang HM, Lee YT, Islam MZ. Grape terpenoids: flavor importance, genetic regulation, and future potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1429-1447. [PMID: 32401037 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1760203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes significantly affect the flavor and quality of grapes and wine. This review summarizes recent research on terpenoids with regard to grape wine. Although, the grapevine terpene synthase gene family is the largest identified, genetic modifications involving terpenes to improve wine flavor have received little attention. Key enzyme modulation alters metabolite production. Over the last decade, the heterologous manipulation of grape glycosidase has been used to alter terpenoids, and cytochrome P450s may affect terpene synthesis. Metabolic and genetic engineering can further modify terpenoid metabolism, while using transgenic grapevines (trait transfer to the plant) could yield more flavorful wine. We also discuss traits involved in wine aroma quality, and the strategies that can be used to improve grapevine breeding technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Akter Mele
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Min Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tack Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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20
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Rather GA, Sharma A, Misra P, Kumar A, Kaul V, Lattoo SK. Molecular characterization and overexpression analyses of secologanin synthase to understand the regulation of camptothecin biosynthesis in Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham.) Mabb. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:391-405. [PMID: 31701251 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin is a high-value anti-cancerous compound produced in many taxonomically unrelated species. Its biosynthesis involves a complex network of pathways and a diverse array of intermediates. Here, we report the functional characterization and regulation of secologanin synthase (NnCYP72A1), a cytochrome P450 involved in camptothecin biosynthesis from Nothapodytes nimmoniana. It comprises an open reading frame of 1566 bp in length. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro enzymatic assays using loganin as substrate confirmed the formation of secologanin. In planta transient overexpression analysis of NnCYP72A1 resulted in 4.21- and 2.73-fold increase in transcript levels of NnCYP72A1 on days 3 and 6 respectively. Phytochemical analysis of transformed tissues revealed ~ 1.13-1.43- and 2.02-2.86-fold increase in secologanin and CPT accumulation, respectively. Furthermore, promoter analysis of NnCYP72A1 resulted in the identification of several potential cis-regulatory elements corresponding to different stress-related components. Methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and wounding treatments resulted in considerable modulation of mRNA transcripts of NnCYP72A1 gene. Chemical analysis of elicitor-treated samples showed a significant increase in CPT content which was concordant with the mRNA transcript levels. Overall, the functional characterization and overexpression of NnCYP72A1 may plausibly enhance the pathway intermediates and serve as prognostic tool for enhancing CPT accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar A Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Veenu Kaul
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi, 180006, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India.
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21
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Qu Z, Ma L, Zhang Q, Yang R, Hou G, Wang Y, Zhao F. Characterization, crystal structure and cytotoxic activity of a rare iridoid glycoside from Lonicera saccata. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 76:269-275. [PMID: 32132285 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229620001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new iridoid glycoside, methyl (3R,4R,4aS,7S,7aR)-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-5-oxooctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate-3-O-β-D-(1'S,2'R,3'S,4'S,5'R)-glucopyranoside, named loniceroside A, C17H26O10, (1), was obtained from the aerial parts of Lonicera saccata. Its structure was established based on an analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HRESIMS, and the configurations of the chiral C atoms were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The single-crystal structure reveals that the cyclopenta[c]pyran scaffold is formed from a five-membered ring and a chair-like six-membered ring connected through two bridgehead chiral C atoms. In the solid state, the glucose group of (1) plays an important role in constructing an unusual supramolecular motif. The structure analysis revealed adjacent molecules linked together through intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds to generate a banded structure. Furthermore, the banded structures are linked into a three-dimensional network by interesting hydrogen bonds. Biogenetically, compound (1) carries a glucopyranosyloxy moiety at the C-3 position, representing a rare structural feature for naturally occurring iridoid glycosides. The growth inhibitory effects against human cervical carcinoma cells (Hela), human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), human acute mononuclear granulocyte leukaemia (THP-1) and the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) were evaluated by the MTT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Qu
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346#, Yantai, Shandong 264003, People's Republic of China
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22
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Palaniappan N, Cole I, Caballero-Briones F, Manickam S, Justin Thomas KR, Santos D. Experimental and DFT studies on the ultrasonic energy-assisted extraction of the phytochemicals of Catharanthus roseus as green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in NaCl medium. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5399-5411. [PMID: 35498297 PMCID: PMC9049168 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08971c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae family) extract is rich in organic phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, and flavonoids. It contains several functional entities such as fused heterocycles, and hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which could be useful for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in NaCl environments. In the present work, ultrasonic energy was used to obtain the ethanolic extracts of root and stem which were then tested as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in the presence of 3.5% NaCl. The corrosion inhibition process was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, weight loss, and electrochemical methods. After immersing in the corrosive medium, the microstructures of mild steel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ellipsometry. The extract of C. roseus showed excellent adsorption on mild steel surface as confirmed by DFT calculations. The results indicate that the extract of C. roseus acts as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor, where the stem extract is the most efficient inhibitor in 3.5% NaCl solution possibly due to the higher active area of stem phytochemicals. C. roseus phytochemicals are physisorbed on the 111 Fe surface, and the oxygen non-bonding electron chemisorbed on the polarized state 111 Fe surface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Palaniappan
- School Chemicals Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- India
| | - I. Cole
- ECP Director
- Adv. Manufacture and Fabrication
- RMIT University
- Australia
| | - F. Caballero-Briones
- Instituto Politecnico, Nacional, Materials, and Technologies for Energy, Health, and Environment (GESMAT)
- CICATA Altamira
- Altamira
- Mexico
| | - S. Manickam
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- University of Nottingham Malaysia
- Kuala Lumpur 43500
- Malaysia
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - D. Santos
- Computing Institute
- Federal University of Alagoas
- Brazil
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23
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Present status of Catharanthus roseus monoterpenoid indole alkaloids engineering in homo- and hetero-logous systems. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Zheng X, Li P, Lu X. Research advances in cytochrome P450-catalysed pharmaceutical terpenoid biosynthesis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4619-4630. [PMID: 31037306 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, the biggest class of plant secondary metabolites, have a wide range of significant physiological roles, while many of them are important natural drugs. Biosynthesis of pharmaceutical terpenoids in plants is a fairly complex process, most of which involves cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenases. CYP450 enzymes are versatile biocatalysts that play critical roles in terpenoid skeleton modification and structural diversity. Therefore, the discovery and identification of CYP450 genes is significant for elucidating the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. This review summarizes the progress and cloning strategies relating to CYP450s in pharmaceutical terpenoid biosynthesis of the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Kidd T, Easson ML, Qu Y, De Luca V. Inter-organ transport of secologanin allows assembly of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in a Catharanthus roseus mutant. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 159:119-126. [PMID: 30611871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal value of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) such as 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, as well as their chemical complexity have stimulated extensive efforts to understand the biochemical and molecular pathways involved in their biosynthesis in plants such as Catharanthus roseus, Rawvolfia serpentina and others. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis has been used successfully together with simple MIA thin layer chromatography screening to identify C. roseus mutants with altered MIA profiles. This study describes the isolation of very low iridoid and MIA containing C. roseus mutant (M2-1582) that accumulates MIAs when the plant is provided with secologanin by feeding mutant roots or by grafting the mutant scion onto wild type roots. The observed low iridoid and MIA content was correlated with lowered expression of BIS1/BIS2 transcription factors and several genes involved in secologanin biosynthesis that are expressed in internal phloem parenchyma cells of leaves. When exogenous secologanin was applied to the roots of the mutant plant, secologanin levels rose more than 13-fold, while two major MIAs catharanthine and vindoline rose more than 8- and 4- fold, respectively. Grafting the mutant on WT stocks led to 27-, 11- and 27-fold increases in secologanin, catharanthine and vindoline, respectively in leaves of the scion one week after graft initiation. Other minor MIAs (serpentine, anhydrovinblastine, vindolidine, deacetylvindoline, tabersonine and 16-methoxytabersonine) that were not detected in the mutant, became detectable in leaves of the scion. These results provide strong evidence for a secologanin transport mechanism that mobilizes this iridoid between different plant organs in C. roseus and that secologanin transport to the mutant across the graft union permits the formation of MIAs in leaves of the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Kidd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Michael Lae Easson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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26
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Qu Y, Safonova O, De Luca V. Completion of the canonical pathway for assembly of anticancer drugs vincristine/vinblastine in Catharanthus roseus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:257-266. [PMID: 30256480 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The important anticancer drugs, vinblastine, vincristine and analogs, are composed of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), catharanthine and vindoline, found uniquely in the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus. While 26 genes involved in the assembly of these two MIAs are known, two key reactions have eluded characterization to complete the documentation of the vinblastine pathway in this plant species. The assembly of these dimeric MIAs requires O-acetylstemmadenine oxidase (ASO) and a dual function geissoschizine synthase (GS) that reduces cathenamine to form geissoschizine, and that also reduces the ASO product to form a common intermediate for subsequent conversion by four separate hydrolases to catharanthine, tabersonine or vincadifformine, respectively. The in planta role of ASO is supported by identifying a single amino acid-substituted ASO mutant with very low enzyme activity and by virus-induced gene silencing of ASO to produce plants that accumulate O-acetylstemmadenine rather than catharanthine and vindoline found in wild-type (WT) plants. The in planta role of GS is supported by showing that a low GS-expressing mutant accumulating lower levels of catharanthine and vindoline also displays significantly lower tabersonine-forming activity in coupled enzyme assays than in the WT background. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that both ASO and GS are highly enriched in the leaf epidermis where the pathways for catharanthine and tabersonine biosynthesis are expressed. The full elucidation of this canonical pathway enables synthetic biology approaches for manufacturing a broad range of MIAs, including these dimers used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Olga Safonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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27
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Fellows R, Russo CM, Silva CS, Lee SG, Jez JM, Chisholm JD, Zubieta C, Nanao MH. A multisubstrate reductase from Plantago major: structure-function in the short chain reductase superfamily. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14796. [PMID: 30287897 PMCID: PMC6172241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (SDR) is a large family of NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes found in all kingdoms of life. SDRs are particularly well-represented in plants, playing diverse roles in both primary and secondary metabolism. In addition, some plant SDRs are also able to catalyse a reductive cyclisation reaction critical for the biosynthesis of the iridoid backbone that contains a fused 5 and 6-membered ring scaffold. Mining the EST database of Plantago major, a medicinal plant that makes iridoids, we identified a putative 5β-progesterone reductase gene, PmMOR (P. major multisubstrate oxido-reductase), that is 60% identical to the iridoid synthase gene from Catharanthus roseus. The PmMOR protein was recombinantly expressed and its enzymatic activity assayed against three putative substrates, 8-oxogeranial, citral and progesterone. The enzyme demonstrated promiscuous enzymatic activity and was able to not only reduce progesterone and citral, but also to catalyse the reductive cyclisation of 8-oxogeranial. The crystal structures of PmMOR wild type and PmMOR mutants in complex with NADP+ or NAD+ and either 8-oxogeranial, citral or progesterone help to reveal the substrate specificity determinants and catalytic machinery of the protein. Site-directed mutagenesis studies were performed and provide a foundation for understanding the promiscuous activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Fellows
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Catarina S Silva
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG, Grenoble, USA
| | - Soon Goo Lee
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Chloe Zubieta
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG, Grenoble, USA.
| | - Max H Nanao
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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28
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An engineered combinatorial module of transcription factors boosts production of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. Metab Eng 2018; 48:150-162. [PMID: 29852273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To fend off microbial pathogens and herbivores, plants have evolved a wide range of defense strategies such as physical barriers, or the production of anti-digestive proteins or bioactive specialized metabolites. Accumulation of the latter compounds is often regulated by transcriptional activation of the biosynthesis pathway genes by the phytohormone jasmonate-isoleucine. Here, we used our recently developed flower petal transformation method in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus to shed light on the complex regulatory mechanisms steering the jasmonate-modulated biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), to which the anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine belong. By combinatorial overexpression of the transcriptional activators BIS1, ORCA3 and MYC2a, we provide an unprecedented insight into the modular transcriptional control of MIA biosynthesis. Furthermore, we show that the expression of an engineered de-repressed MYC2a triggers a tremendous reprogramming of the MIA pathway, finally leading to massively increased accumulation of at least 23 MIAs. The current study unveils an innovative approach for future metabolic engineering efforts for the production of valuable bioactive plant compounds in non-model plants.
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29
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Petronikolou N, Hollatz AJ, Schuler MA, Nair SK. Loganic Acid Methyltransferase: Insights into the Specificity of Methylation on an Iridoid Glycoside. Chembiochem 2018; 19:784-788. [PMID: 29399933 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Loganin is an iridoid glycoside of interest as both an intermediate in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids in plants and as a bioactive compound itself. Loganic acid methyltransferase catalyzes the methylation of a monoterpenoid glycoside precursor to produce loganin and demonstrates stereospecificity for the (6S,7R) substrate. We have biochemically characterized this biocatalyst and elucidated the basis for its strict substrate specificity. These studies could help facilitate the design of new classes of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids of pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektaria Petronikolou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Lab Room 430, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Allison J Hollatz
- School of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mary A Schuler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Lab Room 430, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Satish K Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Roger Adams Lab Room 430, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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30
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Solution of the multistep pathway for assembly of corynanthean, strychnos, iboga, and aspidosperma monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from 19 E-geissoschizine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3180-3185. [PMID: 29511102 PMCID: PMC5866588 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719979115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The multistep assembly of catharanthine and tabersonine from strictosidine remains poorly characterized for understanding the biochemistry of anticancer monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthesis in the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus. The seven-step pathway from 19E-geissoschizine to four major MIA skeletons enables the assembly of catharanthine and tabersonine that complete the pathway for biosynthesis of the anticancer drugs, anhydrovinblastine and vincristine as well as for production of other biologically active MIAs. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) possess a diversity of alkaloid skeletons whose biosynthesis is poorly understood. A bioinformatic search of candidate genes, combined with their virus-induced gene silencing, targeted MIA profiling and in vitro/in vivo pathway reconstitution identified and functionally characterized six genes as well as a seventh enzyme reaction required for the conversion of 19E-geissoschizine to tabersonine and catharanthine. The involvement of pathway intermediates in the formation of four MIA skeletons is described, and the role of stemmadenine-O-acetylation in providing necessary reactive substrates for the formation of iboga and aspidosperma MIAs is described. The results enable the assembly of complex dimeric MIAs used in cancer chemotherapy and open the way to production of many other biologically active MIAs that are not easily available from nature.
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31
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Qu Y, Thamm AMK, Czerwinski M, Masada S, Kim KH, Jones G, Liang P, De Luca V. Geissoschizine synthase controls flux in the formation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in a Catharanthus roseus mutant. PLANTA 2018; 247:625-634. [PMID: 29147812 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A Catharanthus roseus mutant accumulates high levels of ajmalicine at the expense of catharanthine and vindoline. The altered chemistry depends on increased expression and biochemical activities of strictosidine β-glucosidase and ajmalicine synthase activities and reduced expression and biochemical activity of geissoschizine synthase. The Madagascar periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] is a commercially important horticultural flower species and is a valuable source for several monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), such as the powerful antihypertensive drug ajmalicine and the antineoplastic agents, vinblastine and vincristine. While biosynthesis of the common MIA precursor strictosidine and its reactive aglycones has been elucidated, the branch point steps leading to the formation of different classes of MIAs remain poorly characterized. Screening of 3600 ethyl methyl sulfonate mutagenized C. roseus plants using a simple thin-layer chromatography screen yielded a mutant (M2-0754) accumulating high levels of ajmalicine together with significantly lower levels of catharanthine and vindoline. Comparative bioinformatic analyses, virus-induced gene silencing, and biochemical characterization identified geissoschizine synthase, the gateway enzyme that controls flux for the formation of iboga and aspidosperma MIAs. The reduction of geissoschizine synthase transcripts in this high ajmalicine mutant, together with increased transcripts and enzyme activities of strictosidine β-glucosidase and of heteroyohimbine synthase, explains the preferential formation of ajmalicine in the mutant instead of catharanthine and vindoline that accumulates in the wild-type parent. Reciprocal crosses established that that the high ajmalicine phenotype is inherited as a Mendelian recessive trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Antje M K Thamm
- Havas Life Bird and Schulte, Urachstrasse 19, 79102, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Czerwinski
- Grain Farmers of Ontario, 679 Southgate Drive, Guelph, ON, N1G 4S2, Canada
| | - Sayaka Masada
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Graham Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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32
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Zhang XN, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Abozeid A, Yu ZG, Tang ZH. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals that Ethylene and Methyl Jasmonate Regulate Different Branch Pathways to Promote the Accumulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:335-342. [PMID: 29406718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus accumulates large numbers of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), including the pharmaceutically important vinblastine, vincristine, ajmalicine, and serpentine. The phytohormone ethylene or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can markedly enhance alkaloid accumulation. The interaction between ethylene or MeJA in the regulation of TIA biosynthesis in C. roseus is unknown. Here, a metabolomics platform is reported that is based on liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to study candidate components for TIA biosynthesis, which is controlled by ethylene or MeJA in C. roseus. Multivariate analysis identified 16 potential metabolites mostly associated with TIA metabolic pathways and seven targeted metabolites, outlining the TIA biosynthesis metabolic networks controlled by ethylene or MeJA. Interestingly, ethylene and MeJA regulate the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and acetate-mevalonate (MVA) pathways through AACT and HMGS and through DXS, respectively, to induce TIA biosynthesis in C. roseus. Overall, both nontargeted and targeted metabolomics, as well as transcript analysis, were used to reveal that MeJA and ethylene control different metabolic networks to induce TIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Antibiotics, Heilongjiang Institute for Food and Drug Control , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University , Shebin El-koom 32511, Egypt
| | - Zhi-Guo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
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33
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Edge A, Qu Y, Easson MLAE, Thamm AMK, Kim KH, De Luca V. A tabersonine 3-reductase Catharanthus roseus mutant accumulates vindoline pathway intermediates. PLANTA 2018; 247:155-169. [PMID: 28894945 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) have remarkable biological properties that have led to their medical uses for a variety of human diseases. Mutagenesis has been used to generate plants with new alkaloid profiles and a useful screen for rapid comparison of MIA profiles is described. The MIA mutants identified are useful for investigating MIA biosynthesis and for targeted production of these specialised metabolites. The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the dimeric anticancer monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine and derivatives, which are formed via the coupling of the MIAs, catharanthine and vindoline. While intense efforts to identify parts of the complex pathways involved in the assembly of these dimers have been successful, our understanding of MIA biochemistry in C. roseus remains limited. A simple thin layer chromatography screen of 4000 ethyl methanesulfonate-metagenized M2 plants is described to identify mutant lines with altered MIA profiles. One mutant (M2-1865) accumulated reduced levels of vindoline inside the leaves in favour of high levels of tabersonine-2,3-epoxide and 16-methoxytabersonine-2,3-epoxide on the leaf surface. This MIA profile suggested that changes in tabersonine 3-reductase (T3R) activity might be responsible for the observed phenotype. Molecular cloning of mutant and wild type T3R revealed two nucleotide substitutions at cytosine residues 565 (CAT to TAT) and 903 (ACC to ACA) in the mutant corresponding to substitution (H189Y) and silent (T305T) amino acid mutations, respectively, in the protein. The single amino acid substitution in the mutant T3R protein diminished the biochemical activity of T3R by 95% that explained the reason for the low vindoline phenotype of the mutant. This phenotype was recessive and exhibited standard Mendelian single-gene inheritance. The stable formation and accumulation of epoxides in the M2-1865 mutant provides a dependable biological source of these two MIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Edge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Michael L A E Easson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje M K Thamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Payne RME, Xu D, Foureau E, Teto Carqueijeiro MIS, Oudin A, de Bernonville TD, Novak V, Burow M, Olsen CE, Jones DM, Tatsis EC, Pendle A, Halkier BA, Geu-Flores F, Courdavault V, Nour-Eldin HH, O’Connor SE. An NPF transporter exports a central monoterpene indole alkaloid intermediate from the vacuole. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:16208. [PMID: 28085153 PMCID: PMC5238941 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants sequester intermediates of metabolic pathways into different cellular compartments, but the mechanisms by which these molecules are transported remain poorly understood. Monoterpene indole alkaloids, a class of specialized metabolites that includes the anticancer agent vincristine, antimalarial quinine and neurotoxin strychnine, are synthesized in several different cellular locations. However, the transporters that control the movement of these biosynthetic intermediates within cellular compartments have not been discovered. Here we present the discovery of a tonoplast localized nitrate/peptide family (NPF) transporter from Catharanthus roseus, CrNPF2.9, that exports strictosidine, the central intermediate of this pathway, into the cytosol from the vacuole. This discovery highlights the role that intracellular localization plays in specialized metabolism, and sets the stage for understanding and controlling the central branch point of this pharmacologically important group of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. E. Payne
- The John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UK, UK
| | - Deyang Xu
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Emilien Foureau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | - Marta Ines Soares Teto Carqueijeiro
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | - Vlastimil Novak
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Carl-Erik Olsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - D. Marc Jones
- The John Innes Centre, Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UK, UK
| | - Evangelos C. Tatsis
- The John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UK, UK
| | - Ali Pendle
- The John Innes Centre, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UK, UK
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Fernando Geu-Flores
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sarah E. O’Connor
- The John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UK, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sarah E. O’Connor ()
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Liu J, Cai J, Wang R, Yang S. Transcriptional Regulation and Transport of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus: Exploration of New Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010053. [PMID: 28036025 PMCID: PMC5297688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways, Catharanthus roseus synthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. Given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of TIA in C. roseus plant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking or long-distance transport of TIA end products or intermediates, as well as their regulation. While these transport processes are indispensable for multi-organelle, -tissue and -cell biosynthesis, storage and their functions, great efforts have been made to explore these dynamic cellular processes. Progress has been made in past decades on transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis by transcription factors as either activators or repressors; recent studies also revealed several transporters involved in subcellular and inter-cellular TIA trafficking. However, many details and the regulatory network for controlling the tissue-or cell-specific biosynthesis, transport and storage of serpentine and ajmalicine in root, catharanthine in leaf and root, vindoline specifically in leaf and vinblastine and vincristine only in green leaf and their biosynthetic intermediates remain to be determined. This review is to summarize the progress made in biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and transport of TIAs. Based on analysis of organelle, tissue and cell-type specific biosynthesis and progresses in transport and trafficking of similar natural products, the transporters that might be involved in transport of TIAs and their synthetic intermediates are discussed; according to transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic approaches, the transcription factors that might be involved in TIA biosynthesis are analyzed. Further discussion is made on a broad context of transcriptional and transport regulation in order to guide our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Junjun Cai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
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Sun P, Schuurink RC, Caissard JC, Hugueney P, Baudino S. My Way: Noncanonical Biosynthesis Pathways for Plant Volatiles. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:884-894. [PMID: 27475252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatiles are crucial for various interactions with other organisms and their surrounding environment. A large number of these volatiles belong to the terpenoid and benzenoid/phenylpropanoid classes, which have long been considered to be exclusively synthesized from a few canonical pathways. However, several alternative pathways producing these plant volatiles have been discovered recently. This review summarizes the current knowledge about new pathways for these two major groups of plant volatiles, which open new perspectives for applications in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulu Sun
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, BVpam FRE 3727, F-42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Caissard
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, BVpam FRE 3727, F-42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - Sylvie Baudino
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, BVpam FRE 3727, F-42023 Saint-Étienne, France.
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Campbell A, Bauchart P, Gold ND, Zhu Y, De Luca V, Martin VJJ. Engineering of a Nepetalactol-Producing Platform Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the Production of Plant Seco-Iridoids. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:405-14. [PMID: 26981892 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a valuable family of chemicals that include the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. These compounds are of global significance-appearing on the World Health Organization's list of model essential medicines-but remain exorbitantly priced due to low in planta levels. Chemical synthesis and genetic manipulation of MIA producing plants such as Catharanthus roseus have so far failed to find a solution to this problem. Synthetic biology holds a potential answer, by building the pathway into more tractable organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent work has taken the first steps in this direction by producing small amounts of the intermediate strictosidine in yeast. In order to help improve on these titers, we aimed to optimize the early biosynthetic steps of the MIA pathway to the metabolite nepetalactol. We combined a number of strategies to create a base strain producing 11.4 mg/L of the precursor geraniol. We also show production of the critical intermediate 10-hydroxygeraniol and demonstrate nepetalactol production in vitro. Lastly we demonstrate that activity of the iridoid synthase toward the intermediates geraniol and 10-hydroxygeraniol results in the synthesis of the nonproductive intermediates citronellol and 10-hydroxycitronellol. This discovery has serious implications for the reconstruction of the MIA in heterologous organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Campbell
- Department
of Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Philippe Bauchart
- Department
of Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Nicholas D. Gold
- Department
of Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department
of Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincent J. J. Martin
- Department
of Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
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38
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Biocatalysts from alkaloid producing plants. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alagna F, Geu-Flores F, Kries H, Panara F, Baldoni L, O'Connor SE, Osbourn A. Identification and Characterization of the Iridoid Synthase Involved in Oleuropein Biosynthesis in Olive (Olea europaea) Fruits. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5542-5554. [PMID: 26709230 PMCID: PMC4786697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.701276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The secoiridoids are the main class of specialized metabolites present in olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit. In particular, the secoiridoid oleuropein strongly influences olive oil quality because of its bitterness, which is a desirable trait. In addition, oleuropein possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. In accordance, obtaining high oleuropein varieties is a main goal of molecular breeding programs. Here we use a transcriptomic approach to identify candidate genes belonging to the secoiridoid pathway in olive. From these candidates, we have functionally characterized the olive homologue of iridoid synthase (OeISY), an unusual terpene cyclase that couples an NAD (P)H-dependent 1,4-reduction step with a subsequent cyclization, and we provide evidence that OeISY likely generates the monoterpene scaffold of oleuropein in olive fruits. OeISY, the first pathway gene characterized for this type of secoiridoid, is a potential target for breeding programs in a high value secoiridoid-accumulating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Alagna
- From the Departments of Metabolic Biology and; the Institute of Biosciences and Bio-resources, National Research Council (CNR), 06128 Perugia, Italy,.
| | - Fernando Geu-Flores
- the Copenhagen Plant Science Centre & Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark, and
| | - Hajo Kries
- Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Panara
- the ENEA Trisaia Research Center, 75026 Rotondella, Matera, Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- the Institute of Biosciences and Bio-resources, National Research Council (CNR), 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Geissler M, Burghard M, Volk J, Staniek A, Warzecha H. A novel cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)-like reductase contributes to the structural diversity of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Rauvolfia. PLANTA 2016; 243:813-24. [PMID: 26715562 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on findings described herein, we contend that the reduction of vomilenine en route to antiarrhythmic ajmaline in planta might proceed via an alternative, novel sequence of biosynthetic steps. In the genus Rauvolfia, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are formed via complex biosynthetic sequences. Despite the wealth of information about the biochemistry and molecular genetics underlying these processes, many reaction steps involving oxygenases and oxidoreductases are still elusive. Here, we describe molecular cloning and characterization of three cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)-like reductases from Rauvolfia serpentina cell culture and R. tetraphylla roots. Functional analysis of the recombinant proteins, with a set of MIAs as potential substrates, led to identification of one of the enzymes as a CAD, putatively involved in lignin formation. The two remaining reductases comprise isoenzymes derived from orthologous genes of the investigated alternative Rauvolfia species. Their catalytic activity consists of specific conversion of vomilenine to 19,20-dihydrovomilenine, thus proving their exclusive involvement in MIA biosynthesis. The obtained data suggest the existence of a previously unknown bypass in the biosynthetic route to ajmaline further expanding structural diversity within the MIA family of specialized plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Geissler
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marie Burghard
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jascha Volk
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Agata Staniek
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3-5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Šiler B, Mišić D. Biologically Active Compounds from the Genus Centaurium s.l. (Gentianaceae). STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63601-0.00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ilc T, Parage C, Boachon B, Navrot N, Werck-Reichhart D. Monoterpenol Oxidative Metabolism: Role in Plant Adaptation and Potential Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:509. [PMID: 27200002 PMCID: PMC4844611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants use monoterpenols as precursors for the production of functionally and structurally diverse molecules, which are key players in interactions with other organisms such as pollinators, flower visitors, herbivores, fungal, or microbial pathogens. For humans, many of these monoterpenol derivatives are economically important because of their pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, flavor, or fragrance applications. The biosynthesis of these derivatives is to a large extent catalyzed by enzymes from the cytochrome P450 superfamily. Here we review the knowledge on monoterpenol oxidative metabolism in plants with special focus on recent elucidations of oxidation steps leading to diverse linalool and geraniol derivatives. We evaluate the common features between oxidation pathways of these two monoterpenols, such as involvement of the CYP76 family, and highlight the differences. Finally, we discuss the missing steps and other open questions in the biosynthesis of oxygenated monoterpenol derivatives.
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Carqueijeiro I, Masini E, Foureau E, Sepúlveda LJ, Marais E, Lanoue A, Besseau S, Papon N, Clastre M, Dugé de Bernonville T, Glévarec G, Atehortùa L, Oudin A, Courdavault V. Virus-induced gene silencing in Catharanthus roseus by biolistic inoculation of tobacco rattle virus vectors. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:1242-6. [PMID: 26284695 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus constitutes the unique source of several valuable monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including the antineoplastics vinblastine and vincristine. These alkaloids result from a complex biosynthetic pathway encompassing between 30 and 50 enzymatic steps whose characterisation is still underway. The most recent identifications of genes from this pathway relied on a tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach, involving an Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of plasmids encoding the two genomic components of the virus. As an alternative, we developed a biolistic-mediated approach of inoculation of virus-encoding plasmids that can be easily performed by a simple bombardment of young C. roseus plants. After optimisation of the transformation conditions, we showed that this approach efficiently silenced the phytoene desaturase gene, leading to strong and reproducible photobleaching of leaves. This biolistic transformation was also used to silence a previously characterised gene from the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway, encoding iridoid oxidase. Plant bombardment caused down-regulation of the targeted gene (70%), accompanied by a correlated decreased in MIA biosynthesis (45-90%), similar to results obtained via agro-transformation. Thus, the biolistic-based VIGS approach developed for C. roseus appears suitable for gene function elucidation and can readily be used instead of the Agrobacterium-based approach, e.g. when difficulties arise with agro-inoculations or when Agrobacterium-free procedures are required to avoid plant defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - E Masini
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - E Foureau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - L J Sepúlveda
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - E Marais
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - A Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - S Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - N Papon
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - M Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - T Dugé de Bernonville
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - G Glévarec
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - L Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - V Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
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Sumner LW, Lei Z, Nikolau BJ, Saito K. Modern plant metabolomics: advanced natural product gene discoveries, improved technologies, and future prospects. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:212-29. [PMID: 25342293 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics has matured and modern plant metabolomics has accelerated gene discoveries and the elucidation of a variety of plant natural product biosynthetic pathways. This review covers the approximate period of 2000 to 2014, and highlights specific examples of the discovery and characterization of novel genes and enzymes associated with the biosynthesis of natural products such as flavonoids, glucosinolates, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Additional examples of the integration of metabolomics with genome-based functional characterizations of plant natural products that are important to modern pharmaceutical technology are also reviewed. This article also provides a substantial review of recent technical advances in mass spectrometry imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, integrated LC-MS-SPE-NMR for metabolite identifications, and X-ray crystallography of microgram quantities for structural determinations. The review closes with a discussion on the future prospects of metabolomics related to crop species and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd W Sumner
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA.
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Foureau E, Parage C, Lanoue A, Clastre M, Londono MA, Oudin A, Houillé B, Papon N, Besseau S, Glévarec G, Atehortùa L, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, St-Pierre B, De Luca V, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. Characterization of a second secologanin synthase isoform producing both secologanin and secoxyloganin allows enhanced de novo assembly of a Catharanthus roseus transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:619. [PMID: 26285573 PMCID: PMC4541752 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptome sequencing offers a great resource for the study of non-model plants such as Catharanthus roseus, which produces valuable monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) via a complex biosynthetic pathway whose characterization is still undergoing. Transcriptome databases dedicated to this plant were recently developed by several consortia to uncover new biosynthetic genes. However, the identification of missing steps in MIA biosynthesis based on these large datasets may be limited by the erroneous assembly of close transcripts and isoforms, even with the multiple available transcriptomes. Results Secologanin synthases (SLS) are P450 enzymes that catalyze an unusual ring-opening reaction of loganin in the biosynthesis of the MIA precursor secologanin. We report here the identification and characterization in C. roseus of a new isoform of SLS, SLS2, sharing 97 % nucleotide sequence identity with the previously characterized SLS1. We also discovered that both isoforms further oxidize secologanin into secoxyloganin. SLS2 had however a different expression profile, being the major isoform in aerial organs that constitute the main site of MIA accumulation. Unfortunately, we were unable to find a current C. roseus transcriptome database containing simultaneously well reconstructed sequences of SLS isoforms and accurate expression levels. After a pair of close mRNA encoding tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H1 and T16H2), this is the second example of improperly assembled transcripts from the MIA pathway in the public transcriptome databases. To construct a more complete transcriptome resource for C. roseus, we re-processed previously published transcriptome data by combining new single assemblies. Care was particularly taken during clustering and filtering steps to remove redundant contigs but not transcripts encoding potential isoforms by monitoring quality reconstruction of MIA genes and specific SLS and T16H isoforms. The new consensus transcriptome allowed a precise estimation of abundance of SLS and T16H isoforms, similar to qPCR measurements. Conclusions The C. roseus consensus transcriptome can now be used for characterization of new genes of the MIA pathway. Furthermore, additional isoforms of genes encoding distinct MIA biosynthetic enzymes isoforms could be predicted suggesting the existence of a higher level of complexity in the synthesis of MIA, raising the question of the evolutionary events behind what seems like redundancy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1678-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Emilien Foureau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Claire Parage
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Monica Arias Londono
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France. .,Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Benjamin Houillé
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Universidad de Antioquia, Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc'h
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France.
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De Novo Assembly and Characterization of the Transcriptome of the Chinese Medicinal Herb, Gentiana rigescens. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11550-73. [PMID: 26006235 PMCID: PMC4463717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiana rigescens is an important medicinal herb in China. The main validated medicinal component gentiopicroside is synthesized in shoots, but is mainly found in the plant's roots. The gentiopicroside biosynthetic pathway and its regulatory control remain to be elucidated. Genome resources of gentian are limited. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can aid in supplying global gene expression profiles. In this study we present sequence and transcript abundance data for the root and leaf transcriptome of G. rigescens, obtained using the Illumina Hiseq2000. Over fifty million clean reads were obtained from leaf and root libraries. This yields 76,717 unigenes with an average length of 753 bp. Among these, 33,855 unigenes were identified as putative homologs of annotated sequences in public protein and nucleotide databases. Digital abundance analysis identified 3306 unigenes differentially enriched between leaf and root. Unigenes found in both tissues were categorized according to their putative functional categories. Of the differentially expressed genes, over 130 were annotated as related to terpenoid biosynthesis. This work is the first study of global transcriptome analyses in gentian. These sequences and putative functional data comprise a resource for future investigation of terpenoid biosynthesis in Gentianaceae species and annotation of the gentiopicroside biosynthetic pathway and its regulatory mechanisms.
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Qu Y, Easson MLAE, Froese J, Simionescu R, Hudlicky T, De Luca V. Completion of the seven-step pathway from tabersonine to the anticancer drug precursor vindoline and its assembly in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6224-9. [PMID: 25918424 PMCID: PMC4434687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501821112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor substances related to vinblastine and vincristine are exclusively found in the Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), a member of the Apocynaceae plant family, and continue to be extensively used in cancer chemotherapy. Although in high demand, these valuable compounds only accumulate in trace amounts in C. roseus leaves. Vinblastine and vincristine are condensed from the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) precursors catharanthine and vindoline. Although catharanthine biosynthesis remains poorly characterized, the biosynthesis of vindoline from the MIA precursor tabersonine is well understood at the molecular and biochemical levels. This study uses virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to identify a cytochrome P450 [CYP71D1V2; tabersonine 3-oxygenase (T3O)] and an alcohol dehydrogenase [ADHL1; tabersonine 3-reductase (T3R)] as candidate genes involved in the conversion of tabersonine or 16-methoxytabersonine to 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine or 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine, which are intermediates in the vindorosine and vindoline pathways, respectively. Biochemical assays with recombinant enzymes confirm that product formation is only possible by the coupled action of T3O and T3R, as the reaction product of T3O is an epoxide that is not used as a substrate by T3R. The T3O and T3R transcripts were identified in a C. roseus database representing genes preferentially expressed in leaf epidermis and suggest that the subsequent reaction products are transported from the leaf epidermis to specialized leaf mesophyll idioblast and laticifer cells to complete the biosynthesis of these MIAs. With these two genes, the complete seven-gene pathway was engineered in yeast to produce vindoline from tabersonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences and
| | | | - Jordan Froese
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Razvan Simionescu
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
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Dugé de Bernonville T, Clastre M, Besseau S, Oudin A, Burlat V, Glévarec G, Lanoue A, Papon N, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, St-Pierre B, Courdavault V. Phytochemical genomics of the Madagascar periwinkle: Unravelling the last twists of the alkaloid engine. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 113:9-23. [PMID: 25146650 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Madagascar periwinkle produces a large palette of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids (MIAs), a class of complex alkaloids including some of the most valuable plant natural products with precious therapeutical values. Evolutionary pressure on one of the hotspots of biodiversity has obviously turned this endemic Malagasy plant into an innovative alkaloid engine. Catharanthus is a unique taxon producing vinblastine and vincristine, heterodimeric MIAs with complex stereochemistry, and also manufactures more than 100 different MIAs, some shared with the Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae members. For over 60 years, the quest for these powerful anticancer drugs has inspired biologists, chemists, and pharmacists to unravel the chemistry, biochemistry, therapeutic activity, cell and molecular biology of Catharanthus roseus. Recently, the "omics" technologies have fuelled rapid progress in deciphering the last secret of strictosidine biosynthesis, the central precursor opening biosynthetic routes to several thousand MIA compounds. Dedicated C. roseus transcriptome, proteome and metabolome databases, comprising organ-, tissue- and cell-specific libraries, and other phytogenomic resources, were developed for instance by PhytoMetaSyn, Medicinal Plant Genomic Resources and SmartCell consortium. Tissue specific library screening, orthology comparison in species with or without MIA-biochemical engines, clustering of gene expression profiles together with various functional validation strategies, largely contributed to enrich the toolbox for plant synthetic biology and metabolic engineering of MIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617 Auzeville, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | | | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France.
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Abstract
The monoterpene indole alkaloids are a large group of plant-derived specialized metabolites, many of which have valuable pharmaceutical or biological activity. There are ∼3,000 monoterpene indole alkaloids produced by thousands of plant species in numerous families. The diverse chemical structures found in this metabolite class originate from strictosidine, which is the last common biosynthetic intermediate for all monoterpene indole alkaloid enzymatic pathways. Reconstitution of biosynthetic pathways in a heterologous host is a promising strategy for rapid and inexpensive production of complex molecules that are found in plants. Here, we demonstrate how strictosidine can be produced de novo in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae host from 14 known monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway genes, along with an additional seven genes and three gene deletions that enhance secondary metabolism. This system provides an important resource for developing the production of more complex plant-derived alkaloids, engineering of nonnatural derivatives, identification of bottlenecks in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis, and discovery of new pathway genes in a convenient yeast host.
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