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Li J, Chen Y, Wu L, Tuo X, Wang L, Zhou G, Huang SX, Xiong W, Huang JP. Phytochemical Analysis of Nothapodytes tomentosa and Distribution and Content of Camptothecin and its Analogues in Four Plants. Planta Med 2023; 89:1250-1258. [PMID: 37044129 DOI: 10.1055/a-2072-2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives have attracted worldwide attention because of their notable anticancer activity. However, the growing demand for CPT in the global pharmaceutical industry has caused a severe shortage of CPT-producing plant resources. In this study, phytochemical analysis of Nothapodytes tomentosa results in the isolation and identification of CPT (13: ) and 16 analogues (1: - 12, 14: - 17: ), including a new (1: ) and five known (9, 10, 12, 15: , and 17: ) CPT analogues with an open E-ring. In view of the potential anticancer activity of CPT analogues with an open E-ring, the fragmentation pathways and mass spectra profiles of these six CPT analogues (1, 9, 10, 12, 15: , and 17: ) are investigated, providing a reference for the rapid detection of these compounds in other plants. Furthermore, based on the fragmentation patterns of CPT (13: ) and known analogues (2: - 8, 11, 14, 16, 18: - 26: ), the distribution and content of these compounds in different tissues of N. tomentosa, N. nimmoniana, Camptotheca acuminata, and Ophiorrhiza japonica are further studied. Our findings not only provide an alternative plant resource for further expanding the development and utilization of CPT and its analogues, but also lay a foundation for improving the utilization of known CPT-producing plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaotao Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guanglian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Pu X, Chen M, Lei M, Lin X, Zhang J, Ai Z, He J, Liu Y, Yang S, Wang H, Liao J, Zhang L, Huang Q. Discovery of unique CYP716C oxidase involved in pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis from Camptotheca acuminata. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 202:107929. [PMID: 37542826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Dozens of triterpenes have been isolated from Camptotheca acuminata, however, triterpene metabolism in this plant remains poorly understood. The common C28 carboxy located in the oleanane-type and ursane-type triterpenes indicates the existence of a functionally active triterpene, C28 oxidase, in this plant. Thorough mining and screening of the CYP716 genes were initiated using the multi-omics database for C. acuminata. Two CYP716A (CYP716A394 and CYP716A395) and three CYP716C (CYP716C80-CYP716C82) were identified based on conserved domain analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses. CYP716 microsomal proteins were prepared and their enzymatic activities were evaluated in vitro. The CYP716 classified into the CYP716C subfamily displays β-amyrin oxidation activity, and CYP716A displays α-amyrin and lupeol oxidation activity, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The oxidation products were determined based on their mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrums. The optimum reaction conditions and kinetic parameters for CYP716C were determined, and functions were verified in Nicotiana benthaminana. Relative quantitative analyses revealed that these CYP716C genes were enriched in the leaves of C. acuminata plantlets after 60 d. These results indicate that CYP716C plays a dominant role in oleanane-type triterpene metabolism in the leaves of C. acuminata via a substrate-specific manner, and CYP716A is responsible for ursane- and lupane-type triterpene metabolism in fruit. This study provides valuable insights into the unique CYP716C-mediated oxidation step of pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis in C. acuminata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China.
| | - Menghan Chen
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Jinwei He
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Yuke Liu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Hanguang Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Jinqiu Liao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China
| | - Qianming Huang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625104, PR China.
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Kang M, Fu R, Zhang P, Lou S, Yang X, Chen Y, Ma T, Zhang Y, Xi Z, Liu J. A chromosome-level Camptotheca acuminata genome assembly provides insights into the evolutionary origin of camptothecin biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3531. [PMID: 34112794 PMCID: PMC8192753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin and its derivatives are widely used for treating malignant tumors. Previous studies revealed only a limited number of candidate genes for camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata, and it is still poorly understood how its biosynthesis of camptothecin has evolved. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-level C. acuminata genome assembly. We find that C. acuminata experiences an independent whole-genome duplication and numerous genes derive from it are related to camptothecin biosynthesis. Comparing with Catharanthus roseus, the loganic acid O-methyltransferase (LAMT) in C. acuminata fails to convert loganic acid into loganin. Instead, two secologanic acid synthases (SLASs) convert loganic acid to secologanic acid. The functional divergence of the LAMT gene and positive evolution of two SLAS genes, therefore, both contribute greatly to the camptothecin biosynthesis in C. acuminata. Our results emphasize the importance of high-quality genome assembly in identifying genetic changes in the evolutionary origin of a secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangling Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Rao S, Wu Y, Wang R. Bicarbonate stimulates non-structural carbohydrate pools of Camptotheca acuminata. Physiol Plant 2019; 165:780-789. [PMID: 29900556 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of root-derived dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has been emphasized lately, as it can provide an alternative source of carbon for photosynthesis. The fate of newly fixed DIC and its effect on non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pools has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. To this end, we used 13 C (NaHCO3 ) as a substrate tracer to investigate the incorporation of newly fixed bicarbonate into the plant organs and NSC compounds of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings for 24 and 72 h. NSC levels across the organs were all markedly increased within 24 h of labeling treatment and afterward only decreased in stems at 72 h. The variation range of NSC concentrations in roots was considerably smaller than in the stem and leaves. As time passed, the δ13 C in NSC compounds was significantly affected by 13 C labeling and was more positive in the roots than in the stem and leaves. Starch was more 13 C-enriched than was soluble carbohydrate, and the δ13 C of root starch was as high as -4.70‰. Bicarbonate incorporation into newly formed NSC compounds contributed up to 0.24% of the root starch within 72 h. These data provided strong evidence that bicarbonate not only acted as a C source that contributed slightly to the NSC pools but also stimulated the increase in NSC pools. The present study expands our understanding of the rapid change of NSC pools across the organs in response to bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
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Chang C, Liu Z, Wang Y, Tang Z, Yu F. A bZIP transcription factor, CaLMF, mediated light-regulated camptothecin biosynthesis in Camptotheca acuminata. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:372-380. [PMID: 30289548 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) has powerful biological activities and its analogs, irinothecan and topothecan, are effective anti-cancer drugs for clinical therapy. Camptothecin was first isolated from Camptotheca acuminata and its low accumulation in planta limits drug supply in the market. Previous works have confirmed that many environmental factors and plant hormones/elicitors could regulate CPT biosynthesis, but only light irradiance has a negative effect on CPT production in C. acuminata. Although light irradiance has been identified as a negative CPT biosynthesis regulator in C. acuminata for many years, the mechanisms of this regulation are still unknown. In order to search possible signal components involved in the process of light-regulated CPT biosynthesis, coexpression analysis was carried out according to the transcriptome database of Camptotheca above-ground green tissues. From coexpression analysis, a light-responsive bZIP transcription factor, CaLMF (Light-Mediated CPT biosynthesis Factor), was identified and further investigations showed that overexpression of CaLMF down-regulated the expression of CPT biosynthesis genes and decreased the accumulation of CPT in leaves, while light-regulated expression of CPT biosynthesis genes and CPT production were abolished in CaLMF silencing leaves under shading treatment. Our results show that CaLMF is a significant light signaling component, which mediates light-regulated CPT biosynthesis in C. acuminata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Chang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Salim V, Jones AD, DellaPenna D. Camptotheca acuminata 10-hydroxycamptothecin O-methyltransferase: an alkaloid biosynthetic enzyme co-opted from flavonoid metabolism. Plant J 2018; 95:112-125. [PMID: 29681057 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Camptotheca acuminata accumulates camptothecin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, and 10-methoxycamptothecin as its major bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids. Here, we describe identification and functional characterization of 10-hydroxycamptothecin O-methyltransferase (Ca10OMT), a member of the Diverse subclade of class II OMTs. Ca10OMT is highly active toward both its alkaloid substrate and a wide range of flavonoids in vitro and in this way contrasts with other alkaloid OMTs in the subclade that only utilize alkaloid substrates. Ca10OMT shows a strong preference for the A-ring 7-OH of flavonoids, which is structurally equivalent to the 10-OH of 10-hydroxycamptothecin. The substrates of other alkaloid OMTs in the subclade bear little similarity to flavonoids, but the 3-D positioning of the 7-OH, A- and C-rings of flavonoids is nearly identical to the 10-OH, A- and B-rings of 10-hydroxycamptothecin. This structural similarity likely explains the retention of flavonoid OMT activity by Ca10OMT and also why kaempferol and quercetin aglycones are potent inhibitors of its 10-hydroxycamptothecin activity. The catalytic promiscuity and strong inhibition of Ca10OMT by flavonoid aglycones in vitro prompted us to investigate the potential physiological roles of the enzyme in vivo. Based on its regioselectivity, kinetic parameters and absence of 7-OMT flavonoids in vivo, we conclude that the major and likely only substrate of Ca10OMTin vivo is 10-hydroxycamptothecin. This is likely accomplished by Ca10OMT being kept spatially separated at the tissue levels from potentially inhibitory flavonoid aglycones, and flavonoid aglycones being rapidly glycosylated to non-inhibitory flavonoid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonny Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1319, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1319, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1319, USA
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1319, USA
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Sadre R, Magallanes-Lundback M, Pradhan S, Salim V, Mesberg A, Jones AD, DellaPenna D. Metabolite Diversity in Alkaloid Biosynthesis: A Multilane (Diastereomer) Highway for Camptothecin Synthesis in Camptotheca acuminata. Plant Cell 2016; 28:1926-44. [PMID: 27432874 PMCID: PMC5006703 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole alkaloid (MIA) used to produce semisynthetic antitumor drugs. We investigated camptothecin synthesis in Camptotheca acuminata by combining transcriptome and expression data with reverse genetics, biochemistry, and metabolite profiling. RNAi silencing of enzymes required for the indole and seco-iridoid (monoterpene) components identified transcriptional crosstalk coordinating their synthesis in roots. Metabolite profiling and labeling studies of wild-type and RNAi lines identified plausible intermediates for missing pathway steps and demonstrated nearly all camptothecin pathway intermediates are present as multiple isomers. Unlike previously characterized MIA-producing plants, C. acuminata does not synthesize 3-α(S)-strictosidine as its central MIA intermediate and instead uses an alternative seco-iridoid pathway that produces multiple isomers of strictosidinic acid. NMR analysis demonstrated that the two major strictosidinic acid isomers are (R) and (S) diastereomers at their glucosylated C21 positions. The presence of multiple diastereomers throughout the pathway is consistent with their use in synthesis before finally being resolved to a single camptothecin isomer after deglucosylation, much as a multilane highway allows parallel tracks to converge at a common destination. A model "diastereomer" pathway for camptothecin biosynthesis in C. acuminata is proposed that fundamentally differs from previously studied MIA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radin Sadre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
| | - Maria Magallanes-Lundback
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
| | - Sujana Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
| | - Vonny Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
| | - Alex Mesberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319 Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
| | - Dean DellaPenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1319
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Kusari S, Zühlke S, Spiteller M. Effect of artificial reconstitution of the interaction between the plant Camptotheca acuminata and the fungal endophyte Fusarium solani on camptothecin biosynthesis. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:764-775. [PMID: 21348469 DOI: 10.1021/np1008398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes inhabit healthy tissues of all terrestrial plant taxa studied and occasionally produce host-specific compounds. We recently isolated an endophytic fungus, Fusarium solani, from Camptotheca acuminata, capable of biosynthesizing camptothecin (CPT, 1), but this capability substantially decreased on repeated subculturing. The endophyte with an impaired 1 biosynthetic capability was artificially inoculated into the living host plants and then recovered after colonization. Although the host-endophyte interaction could be reconstituted, biosynthesis of 1 could not be restored. Using a homology-based approach and high-precision isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (HP-IRMS), a cross-species biosynthetic pathway is proposed where the endophyte utilizes indigenous G10H (geraniol 10-hydroxylase), SLS (secologanin synthase), and TDC (tryptophan decarboxylase) to biosynthesize precursors of 1. However, the endophyte requires host STR (strictosidine synthase) in order to condense the nitrogen-containing moiety (tryptamine, 2) with the carbon-containing moiety (secologanin, 3) to form strictosidine (4) and complete the biosynthesis of 1. Biosynthetic genes of 1 in the seventh subculture generation of the endophyte revealed random and unpredictable nonsynonymous mutations. These random base substitutions led to dysfunction at the amino acid level. The controls, Top1 gene and rDNA, remained intact over subculturing, revealing that instability of biosynthetic genes of 1 was not reflected in the primary metabolic processes and functioning of the housekeeping genes. The present results reveal the causes of decreased production of 1 on subculturing, which could not be reversed by host-endophyte reassociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Kusari
- Institut für Umweltforschung (INFU) der Fakultät Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Umweltchemie und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Sun SQ, Yan XF. [Effects of nitrogen forms on camptothecin content and its metabolism-related enzymes activities in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2008; 33:1519-1523. [PMID: 18837304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of nitrogen forms on the camptothecin (CPT) content, tryptophan synthase (TSB) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) activities in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings. METHOD The seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pairs of leaves were subjected to 5 different NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio (0 : 100, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 100 : 0) treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content, TSB activity in the young leaves and TDC in the stem barks of the seedlings were determined by HPLC on the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 75th day, respectively. RESULT The obvious relationship between CPT content and nitrogen forms was observed. When NH4(+) - N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, CPT accumulation in young leaves displayed the best advantages (the highest value is 5.69 per thousand) and increased in the early 30 days of treatment and then declined. There was no obvious relationship between TSB activity in the young leaves and nitrogen forms. TDC activity in the stem bark was the highest when NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, and the change of TDC activity paralleled to CPT content in the young leaves. CONCLUSION A short-term treatment that NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25:75 may gain high CPT content in the young leaves through enhancing the TDC activity in the stem bark of C. acuminata seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qin Sun
- Harbin Medical University, Daqing Branch, Department of Pharmacy, Daqing 163319, China
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Jiang ML, Huang RS, Wu Y, Zhou FL, Su Q, Wei AY. [The study of dynamic acccumulation of camptothecin in Camptotheca acuminata fruit by TLCS]. Zhong Yao Cai 2008; 31:684-686. [PMID: 18826145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish TLC scanning method for the determination of camptothecin in Camptotheca acuminata fruit, and analysis the dynamic accumulation of camptothecin in Camptotheca acuminata fruit to find out the best collection period. METHODS Silica gel H-CMC-Na thin layer plate was adopted in the determination with chloroform-acetone (7 : 3) used as deeloper, Single-wavelength and linear scanning of TLC was used, and the detection wavelength was 360 nm. RESULTS There was a good linear relationship for Comptothecin within the range of 0.0542 - 0.3252 microg, the average recovery was 97.13%, RSD was 1.76%. CONCLUSION The method is accurate, simple and reliable, and can be used for the determination of camptothecin in Camptotheca acuminata fruit and dynamic accumulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lian Jiang
- Nanning Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning 530001, China.
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Sun SQ, Yan XF. [Effect of nitrogen on camptothecin content in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2008; 33:356-359. [PMID: 18533483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of nitrogen concentration on the camptothecin (CPT) content in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings: METHOD The seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pair of leaves were subjected to five nitrogen concentrations treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content in the seedlings was determined by HPLC on the 20th, 35th, 50th, 65th and 80th day respectively. RESULT The CPT content in the young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings supplied with different nitrogen concentration was significantly higher than that in other organs (P < 0.01), and it showed a single peak curve with the time course, the highest CPT content was observed on the 50th day after treatment. The CPT content in the young leaves obviously declined with increasing nitrogen concentration, and it reached the highest (6.72%) when nitrogen concentration was 4 mmol x L(-1), equal to 1.1 times that of 16 mmol x L(-1) nitrogen. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that proper deficient nitrogen stress can significantly enhance CPT accumulation in young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qin Sun
- Harbin Medical University Daqing Branch, Medical Department, Daqing 163319, China
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Gu Q, Song DF, Zhang H, Zhu MY. [Effects of cu2+ on biosynthesis of camptothecin in cell cultures of Camptotheca acuminata]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2006; 22:624-8. [PMID: 16894899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin is a strong anti-tumor compound isolated from Camptotheca acuminata. One of the most important way for the production of Camptothecin is by cell cultures of Camptotheca acuminata. The effect of Cu2+ on camptothecin accumulation in Camptotheca acuminata cell line was described in this paper. The results showed that the optimum CuCl2 concentration in B5 medium was 0.008 mg/mL, which increased camptothecin production for 30 times compare to the control while has no inhibitive effects on cell growth, at the same time, the peroxidase activity was increased and the anthocyanidin accumulation was inhibited. The promotive effects of Cu2+ on camptothecin accumulation in light was higher than that in dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
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Pasqua G, Silvestrini A, Monacelli B, Mulinacci N, Menendez P, Botta B. Triterpenoids and ellagic acid derivatives from in vitro cultures of Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne. Plant Physiol Biochem 2006; 44:220-5. [PMID: 16762560 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic profile of secondary products in calli and cell suspension cultures of Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne was investigated and compared to that of the leaves and roots taken from the plant. Neither in vitro system produced the anticancer quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT); they accumulated discrete quantities of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids, different from those found in the plant organs, and ellagic acid derivatives. Nine ellagic acid derivatives (1a-1d and 2a-2e) and eight triterpenoid acids (3a-3e and 4a-4c) were isolated and characterised. All the identified triterpenes were related to ursane- or oleanane-type skeletons and their concentrations rose to 4.5% in suspended cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pasqua
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Pan XW, Xu HH, Liu X, Gao X, Lu YT. Improvement of growth and camptothecin yield by altering nitrogen source supply in cell suspension cultures of Camptotheca acuminata. Biotechnol Lett 2004; 26:1745-8. [PMID: 15604829 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-004-4580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate at 70 mM gave the highest biomass of Camptotheca acuminata in suspension culture in MS medium, but a NH4+/NO3- molar ratio of 5:1 (giving a total of 40 mM N) gave the maximum camptothecin yield. A two-stage flask culture system was established to improve culture efficiency; cell dry weight, camptothecin content and yield was increased by 30%, 280% and 340%, respectively when compared with those of control, reaching up to 36 g l(-1), 0.36 mg g(-1), and 12.8 mg l(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wu Pan
- Key Lab of MOE for Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P.R. China
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Liu WZ, Wang ZF. [Accumulation and localization of camptothecin in young shoot of Camptotheca acuminata]. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao 2004; 30:405-12. [PMID: 15627689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The developmental of young stems and leaves were investigated using optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy and the camptothecin content in Camptotheca acuminata was analyzed by HPLC. Secretory structure, especially secretory canals were found. A linear relationship (r(2)=0.9257) was found between CPT content and secretory canal density of stem. The secretion in canals and glandular trichomes showed intense blue autofluorescence under 360 nm UV light. The results showed that camptothecin was primarily accumulated in glandular trichomes and secretory canals of stems and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhe Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Pasqua G, Monacelli B, Valletta A. Cellular localisation of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin in Camptotheca acuminata Decne (Nyssaceae). Eur J Histochem 2004; 48:321-7. [PMID: 15596415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Camptotheca acuminata, we studied the cellular sites of accumulation of the alkaloid camptothecin (CPT), in both plants grown in the field and those grown in a greenhouse, subjecting the latter to stress (i.e., draught, nutritional deficit, and pruning). Fresh sections of the leaf, stem, and root were analysed for the presence of CPT by examining the autofluorescence that the CPT molecule emits when exposed to UV radiation. In the plants grown in the field, CPT was observed only rarely. In the greenhouse plants, CPT had accumulated in crystalline form in the vacuole of specialised cells (i.e., segregator idioblasts), which were not morphologically distinguishable from the cells of the surrounding tissues. In the organs examined, the segregator idioblasts were localised in parenchymatic and epidermal tissues. CPT crystals were also detected in the glandular trichomes on both the stem and leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pasqua
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Camptotheca (Nyssaceae) is a major source of anticancer camptothecin (CPT). It is imperative to understand CPT accumulation and variations in Camptotheca in order to develop CPT production strategies for endangered germplasm. Our study results showed that CPT is primarily accumulated in glandular trichomes of leaves and stems, and CPT content varies among species and varieties but even more significantly within the plant (with different tissues, tissue ages, and seasons). Because of higher CPT yield and desirable biological and ecological features, 'Hicksii' and 'Katie' should be considered the major management germplasm as CPT sources in the future. Young leaves and mature fruits have higher CPT contents than other tissues in the plants. Young photosynthetic leaves and stems contain higher CPT contents than old ones, but 'sink' tissues such as wood, roots, and fruits show different patterns. CPT content also shows a great seasonal change, but is less influenced by tree age. Intact clipping of young leaves and stems should be managed for harvest for CPT production. Preservation and treatment methods influence the CPT extraction. CPT is better preserved in fresh or freeze-dried material than in air or oven-dried material. CPT can be more efficiently extracted after homogenizer treatment of plant materials because more trichome walls can be broken to allow solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyou Li
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-6109, USA
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