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Wang S, Wang C, Zhang J, Jiang K, Nian F. Allelopathy and potential allelochemicals of Ligularia sagitta as an invasive plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2335025. [PMID: 38678583 PMCID: PMC11057658 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2335025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy is the main chemical means in the invasion process of exotic plants and one of the key factors in grassland degradation. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of ethyl acetate phase extract (EAE), n-butanol phase extract (BE) and aqueous phase extract (AE) from the aboveground (stems and leaves) and roots of Ligularia sagitta on seed germination and seedling growth of four Gramineae forages (Poa pratensis L. Festuca ovina L. Elymus nutans Griseb. Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) in their sympatric domains and one Legosuminae forage (Medicago sativa L.). The chemical components in each phase extract of L. sagitta were determined with UHPLC-MS/MS non-targeted metabolomics, and the differential compounds were screened using Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). Within a set concentration range, EAE significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of four Gramineae forages. BE and AE acted mainly in the seedling growth stage and did not significantly inhibit forage seed germination. P. pratensis was most sensitive to L. sagitta extracts; at 2.0 mg/mL of EAE from roots, germination energy and germination rate of P. pratensis seeds were 0. L. sagitta extracts inhibited the growth of M. sativa seedlings and did not inhibit its seed germination. A total of 904 compounds were identified with UHPLC-MS/MS, among which 31, 64, 81 and 66 metabolites displayed different accumulation patterns in the four comparison groups (R.EAE vs. R.BE, R.EAE vs. R.AE, SL.EAE vs. SL.BE, SL.EAE vs. SL.AE), respectively. In particular, 9 compounds were found to be common up-regulated differential metabolites in the four comparison groups and were enriched in EAE. Additionally, N,N-dimethylaniline, Caffeic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and cis-9-Octadecenoic acid as potential allelochemicals in L. sagitta. The results of this study support efforts at finding alternative control plants for the restoration of poisonous grass-type degraded grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiao Wang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kan Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Nian
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhao L, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Chen G, Li W, Li N. Research progress on the toxicity of toxic Traditional Herbals from Thymelaeaceae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117594. [PMID: 38110134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants from the Thymelaeaceae family are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, with approximately 113 species used as Traditional Herbals. There are numerous applications for them, such as treating leukemia, AIDS, and liver cancer. It should be noted that around 20% of these plants have shown harmful side effects when used in clinical applications, including solid irritations to the skin and mucous membranes, carcinogenic effects, organ damage, vomiting, and diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aims to review the toxic side effects, toxic compounds, toxic mechanisms, and detoxification methods of Traditional Herbals in Thymelaeaceae, guiding their safe clinical uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review employed the keywords "Thymelaeaceae," 48 different "genus," 966 "species," and the combination of "toxicity" to identify the medicinal value and toxicity of plants from Thymelaeaceae in scientific databases (Pubmed, SciFinder Scholar, Elsevier, Web of Science, and CNKI). Information relevant to the toxicity of Traditional Herbals from Thymelaeaceae up to June 2023 has been summarized. The plant names have been checked with "World Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org). RESULTS 28 toxic Traditional Herbals from 13 genera within the Thymelaeaceae family were categorized. Toxicities were summarized at the cellular, animal, and clinical levels. The toxic substances are primarily concentrated in the Daphne L. and Wikstroemia Endl. genera, with terpenes being the main toxic components. The toxicity mechanism is primarily associated with the mitochondrial pathways. Detoxification and enhanced efficacy can be achieved through processing methods such as vinegar-processing and sweat-soaking. CONCLUSIONS Medicinal plants in the Thymelaeaceae exhibit significant pharmacological activities, such as anti-HIV and anti-tumor effects, indicating a broad potential for application. However, their clinical uses are hindered by their inherent toxicity. Researching the toxic components and mechanisms of these Traditional Herbals and exploring more effective detoxification methods can contribute to unveiling the latent value of these medicinal plants from Thymelaeaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Wu J, Ye Z, Liao C, Li R, Chen X. Terpenoids from the Roots of Stellera chamaejasme (L.) and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2023; 28:7726. [PMID: 38067457 PMCID: PMC10707970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An undescribed diterpene, stellerterpenoid A (1), and two undescribed sesquiterpenoids, stellerterpenoids B and C (2-3), together with six known compounds, prostratin (4) stelleraguaianone B (5), chamaejasnoid A (6), auranticanol L (7), wikstronone C (8), and oleodaphnone (9), were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, IR, UV, and HR-ESI-MS). The absolute configuration of 1-3 was elucidated based on ECD calculation. Among them, stellerterpenoid A was a rare 13, 14-seco nortigliane diterpenoid and stellerterpenoid B was a guaiacane-type sesquiterpenoid with an unusual 1, 2-diketone moiety. The known stelleraguaianone B (5) exhibited moderate activity for suppressing NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells with an IC50 value of 24.76 ± 0.4 μM. None of the compounds showed anti-influenza virus or anti-tumor activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhujun Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Caicen Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for Respiratory Viral Diseases of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuanqin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.W.); (Z.Y.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for Respiratory Viral Diseases of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
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Zhang R, Qu S, Zhang B, Gao Y, Xing F. Interactive effects between the invasive weed Stellera chamaejasme and grass: can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal pathogens coregulate interspecific relationships? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236891. [PMID: 37711687 PMCID: PMC10498474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between poisonous weeds and neighboring plants is complex. Poisonous weeds frequently have a competitive advantage in the interaction between poisonous weeds and neighboring plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant pathogenic fungi (PPF) are closely related to the interspecific relationships of plants. However, the role of AMF and PPF between poisonous weeds and neighboring grasses remains unclear. Here, we designed a pot experiment to determine the interspecific relationship between Leymus chinensis and Stellera chamaejasme and the regulation of AMF and PPF. The results showed that interactive effects between L. chinensis and S. chamaejasme significantly inhibited the aboveground growth of both but promoted the underground growth of L. chinensis. As the proportions of S. chamaejasme increased, the total nitrogen content and pH in the rhizosphere soil of L. chinensis were reduced, the soil pH of S. chamaejasme was reduced, and the relative abundance of AMF in the rhizosphere soil of L. chinensis significantly increased and that of S. chamaejasme decreased considerably. The relative abundances of PPF in the rhizosphere soil of both in the mono-cultures were significantly higher than those in the mixed cultures. Structural equation modeling indicated that soil abiotic (pH and N availability) and biotic (AMF and PPF) factors are major drivers explaining the interactive effects between L. chinensis and S. chamaejasme. We provided new evidence for the interspecific interactions between poisonous weeds and neighboring grasses and revealed the regulatory role of AMF and PPF in the interactive effects of both plants. This study will provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of poisonous weeds and the vegetation restoration of degraded grasslands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanmin Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Pecio Ł, Pecio S, Mroczek T, Oleszek W. Spiro-Flavonoids in Nature: A Critical Review of Structural Diversity and Bioactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:5420. [PMID: 37513292 PMCID: PMC10385819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the literature data from 1973 to 2022, this work summarizes reports on spiro-flavonoids with a spiro-carbon at the center of their structure and how this affects their isolation methods, stereochemistry, and biological activity. The review collects 65 unique structures, including spiro-biflavonoids, spiro-triflavonoids, spiro-tetraflavonoids, spiro-flavostilbenoids, and scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids. Scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids comprise spiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,3'-chromane]-1(6),2,4-trien-4'-one, while the other spiro-flavonoids contain either 2H,2'H-3,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-2-one or 2'H,3H-2,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-3-one in the core of their structures. Spiro-flavonoids have been described in more than 40 species of eight families, including Asparagaceae, Cistaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Pinaceae, Thymelaeaceae, and Vitaceae. The possible biosynthetic pathways for each group of spiro-flavonoids are summarized in detail. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities are the most important biological activities of spiro-flavonoids, both in vitro and in vivo. Our work identifies the most promising natural sources, the existing challenges in assigning the stereochemistry of these compounds, and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Solomiia Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Otify AM, Mohamed OG, El-Amier YA, Saber FR, Tripathi A, Younis IY. Bioherbicidal Activity and Metabolic Profiling of Allelopathic Metabolites of Three Cassia species using UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and Molecular Networking. Metabolomics 2023; 19:16. [PMID: 36892715 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared to synthetic herbicides, natural products with allelochemical properties can inhibit weed germination, aiding agricultural output with less phytotoxic residue in water and soil. OBJECTIVES To identify natural product extracts of three Cassia species; C. javanica, C. roxburghii, and C. fistula and to investigate the possible phytotoxic and allelopathic potential. METHODS Allelopathic activity of three Cassia species extracts was evaluated. To further investigate the active constituents, untergated metabolomics using UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and ion-identity molecular networking (IIMN) approach was performed to identify and determine the distribution of metabolites in different Cassia species and plant parts. RESULTS We observed in our study that the plant extracts showed consistent allelopathic activity against seed germination (P < 0.05) and the inhibition of shoot and root development of Chenopodium murale in a dose-dependent manner. Our comprehensive study identified at least 127 compounds comprising flavonoids, coumarins, anthraquinones, phenolic acids, lipids, and fatty acid derivatives. We also report the inhibition of seed germination, shoot growth, and root growth when treated with enriched leaf and flower extracts of C. fistula, and C. javanica, and the leaf extract of C. roxburghii. CONCLUSION The present study recommends further evaluation of Cassia extracts as a potential source of allelopathic compounds in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Otify
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yasser A El-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatema R Saber
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Inas Y Younis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Aqueous Extracts of Three Herbs Allelopathically Inhibit Lettuce Germination but Promote Seedling Growth at Low Concentrations. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040486. [PMID: 35214819 PMCID: PMC8877897 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allelopathy is an important process in plant communities. The effects of allelopathy on seed germination and seedling development have been extensively investigated. However, the influences of extract soaking time and concentration on the foregoing parameters are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a seed germination assay to determine the allelopathic effects of the donor herbs Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski, Artemisia frigida Willd., and Stellera chamaejasme L., from a degraded grassland ecosystem in northern China, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed germination and early seedling growth. Extract soaking times (12 h or 24 h) did not exhibit significantly different effects on lettuce seed germination or seedling development. However, all aqueous herb extracts inhibited lettuce seed germination and root length (RI < 0) and promoted lettuce shoot length, stem length, leaf length, and leaf width (RI > 0) at both low (0.005 g mL−1) and high (0.05 g mL−1) concentrations. Moreover, A. splendens extracts increased seedling biomass (RI > 0) and synthetical allelopathic effect (SE > 0) at both concentrations. In contrast, both A. frigida and S. chamaejasme extracts had hormesis effects, which stimulate at low concentrations (RI > 0) but inhibit at high concentrations (RI < 0) on seedling biomass and synthetical allelopathic effect (SE). The results suggest that allelopathic potential may be an important mechanism driving the dominance of A. frigida and S. chamaejasme in degraded grasslands. Reseeding allelopathy-promoting species such as A. splendens may be beneficial to grassland restoration. The present study also demonstrated that seedling biomass, root and shoot length, and seed germination rate are the optimal bioindicators in allelopathy assays and could be more representative when they are combined with the results of multivariate analyses.
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Cheng J, Jin H, Zhang J, Xu Z, Yang X, Liu H, Xu X, Min D, Lu D, Qin B. Effects of Allelochemicals, Soil Enzyme Activities, and Environmental Factors on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community of Stellera chamaejasme L. along a Growth-Coverage Gradient. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010158. [PMID: 35056607 PMCID: PMC8781187 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allelochemicals released from the root of Stellera chamaejasme L. into rhizosphere soil are an important factor for its invasion of natural grasslands. The aim of this study is to explore the interactions among allelochemicals, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of S. chamaejasme along a growth-coverage gradient. High-throughput sequencing was used to determine the microbial composition of the rhizosphere soil sample, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect allelopathic substances. The main fungal phyla in the rhizosphere soil with a growth coverage of 0% was Basidiomycetes, and the other sample plots were Ascomycetes. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in all sites. RDA analysis showed that neochamaejasmin B, chamaechromone, and dihydrodaphnetin B were positively correlated with Ascomycota and Glomeromycota and negatively correlated with Basidiomycota. Neochamaejasmin B and chamaechromone were positively correlated with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria and negatively correlated with Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes. Allelochemicals, soil physicochemical properties, and enzyme activity affected the composition and diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community to some extent. When the growth coverage of S. chamaejasme reached the primary stage, it had the greatest impact on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.X.); (D.M.)
- Center of Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.X.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (B.Q.); Tel.: +86-931-4968371 (H.J.); +86-931-4968372 (B.Q.)
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- Center of Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Zhongxiang Xu
- Animal, Plant & Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.X.); (D.M.)
| | - Haoyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.X.); (D.M.)
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.X.); (D.M.)
| | - Deng Min
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.X.); (D.M.)
| | - Dengxue Lu
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (J.C.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.X.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (B.Q.); Tel.: +86-931-4968371 (H.J.); +86-931-4968372 (B.Q.)
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Amari NO, Missoun F, Chaimbault P, Berkani A. [Profiling by LC-MS and LC-MS / MS with Electrospray source (ESI) of extracts from three organs of Thymelaea hirsuta L.]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 80:554-569. [PMID: 34742918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ouda Amari
- Laboratoire de Phytothérapie Api Pharmacognosie, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, Algérie
| | - Fatiha Missoun
- Laboratoire de Phytothérapie Api Pharmacognosie, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, Algérie.
| | - Patrick Chaimbault
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multiéchelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine-site de Metz)
| | - Abdellah Berkani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multiéchelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine-site de Metz)
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Study on Gas Chromatographic Fingerprint of Essential Oil from Stellera chamaejasme Flowers and Its Repellent Activities against Three Stored Product Insects. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216438. [PMID: 34770847 PMCID: PMC8587308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish the chromatographic fingerprints of the essential oil (EO) from Stellera chamaejasme flowers collected from various natural sites by gas chromatography (GC) combined with chemometric methods. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most components were identified as ketones and the relatively high-content components were fitone (38.973%), n-hentriacontane (5.807%), myristic acid (4.944%) and phytol (3.988%). In addition, the repellent activities of the EO from S. chamaejasme flowers and its four main chemical compounds were evaluated against three stored product pests (Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, Liposcelis bostrychophila) for the first time. In this work, the EO and the four chemical compounds showed a repellent effect against three storage pests after 2 and 4 h exposure. The experimental method and repellent activity of S. chamaejasme flower EO could provide a basis for the development of botanical pesticide and the utilization of the rich plant resources of S. chamaejasme in the future.
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Stelleranoids A-M, guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids based on [5,7] bicyclic system from Stellera chamaejasme and their cytotoxic activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105251. [PMID: 34390969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen previously undescribed guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids based on [5,7] bicyclic system, stelleranoids A-M (1-13), along with six known analogues (14-20), were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme with chromatographic techniques. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by HRESIMS and spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis. Cytotoxicity test in three cell lines indicated that compound 14 had relatively stronger cytotoxic effect against MKN-45, SKOV3, and Du145 cell lines with IC50 of 9.8, 17.4 and 7.3 μM, respectively; compounds 3 and 8 displayed moderate cytotoxic effect against MKN-45 and Du145 cell lines with IC50 ranged from 14.5 to 18.8 μM, comparable to those of the positive control. As determined by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry in Du145 cell line, compound 14 could promote cell apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Further Western blot analysis revealed that this inhibitory effect was accompanied by upregulating pro-apoptosis proteins cleaved-PARP, cleaved-Caspase-9 and tumor suppressor protein p53 while downregulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in 14-treated Du145 cells.
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Elhady SS, Abdelhameed RFA, El-Ayouty MM, Ibrahim AK, Habib ES, Elgawish MS, Hassanean HA, Safo MK, Nafie MS, Ahmed SA. New Antiproliferative Triflavanone from Thymelaea hirsuta-Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030739. [PMID: 33572651 PMCID: PMC7867015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study isolates from Thymelaea hirsuta, a wild plant from the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, were identified and their selective cytotoxicity levels were evaluated. Phytochemical examination of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of the plant led to the isolation of a new triflavanone compound (1), in addition to the isolation of nine previously reported compounds. These included five dicoumarinyl ethers found in Thymelaea: daphnoretin methyl ether (2), rutamontine (3), neodaphnoretin (4), acetyldaphnoretin (5), and edgeworthin (6); two flavonoids: genkwanin (7) and trans-tiliroside (8); p-hydroxy benzoic acid (9) and β sitosterol glucoside (10). Eight of the isolated compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against Vero and HepG2 cell lines using a sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 8.6, 12.3 and 9.4 μM, respectively, yet these compounds exhibited non-toxic activities against the Vero cells. Additionally, compound 1 further exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, with IC50 values of 4.26 and 9.6 μM, respectively. Compound 1 significantly stimulated apoptotic breast cancer cell death, resulting in a 14.97-fold increase and arresting 40.57% of the cell population at the Pre-G1 stage of the cell cycle. Finally, its apoptosis-inducing activity was further validated through activation of BAX and caspase-9, and inhibition of BCL2 levels. In silico molecular docking experiments revealed a good binding mode profile of the isolates towards Ras activation/pathway mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK); a common molecular pathway in the development and progression of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Mayada M. El-Ayouty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Eman S. Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Mohamed S. Elgawish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Hashim A. Hassanean
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-010-92638387; Fax: +20-064-3230741
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Zhang N, He J, Xia CY, Lian WW, Yan Y, Ding K, Zhang YY, Xu JK, Zhang WK. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical applications and toxicology of the genus Stellera Linn.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:112915. [PMID: 32360044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Stellera Linn. consists of species of perennial herbs and shrubs, and is mainly distributed in the temperate regions of east Asia to west Asia. There are 10∼12 species in the world, two species in China: Stellera chamaejasme Linn. and Stellera formosana Hayata ex Li. As recorded, the roots of Stellera species are used to dissipate phlegm and relieve pain. The roots and the barks can be used for papermaking. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to summarize the ethnopharmacological uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, clinical applications and toxicology of the genus Stellera to better understand their therapeutic potential in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information of the genus Stellera was collected from scientific databases (Pubmed, ACS website, SciFinder Scholar, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI). Information was also gathered from 'Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae (〈〈〉〉)', folk records, conference papers on ethnopharmacology, Ph.D. and Masters' Dissertation. RESULTS Stellera plants have been studied as traditional folk medicines all around the world. The chemical constituents of Stellera species mainly comprise terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, and so on. Extracts and compounds of Stellera species exhibit extensive pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-convulsive, anti-epileptic, anti-bacterial and anti-insect activities, etc. Clinical applications have suggested that the genus Stellera has the effects in treating several skin diseases and cancers, however, the results should be further verification. The genus Stellera plants are toxic and should be used reasonable. CONCLUSION This paper reviewed the ethnopharmacological uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology, clinical applications and toxicology of the genus Stellera. The genus Stellera has broad application prospects. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medical uses of the genus and its chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, clinical applications and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China; School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Ya-Yao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Sun J, Liu M, Xu M, Wang Y, Wu G, Zhou H, Ye C, Tsechoe D, Wei T. Don't judge toxic weeds on whether they are native but on their ecological effects. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9014-9025. [PMID: 32953042 PMCID: PMC7487251 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sharp rise in anthropogenic activities and climate change has caused the extensive degradation of grasslands worldwide, jeopardizing ecosystem function, and threatening human well-being. Toxic weeds have been constantly spreading in recent decades; indeed, their occurrence is considered to provide an early sign of land degeneration. Policymakers and scientific researchers often focus on the negative effects of toxic weeds, such as how they inhibit forage growth, kill livestock, and cause economic losses. However, toxic weeds can have several potentially positive ecological impacts on grasslands, such as promoting soil and water conservation, improving nutrient cycling and biodiversity conservation, and protecting pastures from excessive damage by livestock. We reviewed the literature to detail the adaptive mechanisms underlying toxic weeds and to provide new insight into their roles in degraded grassland ecosystems. The findings highlight that the establishment of toxic weeds may provide a self-protective strategy of degenerated pastures that do not require special interventions. Consequently, policymakers, managers, and other personnel responsible for managing grasslands need to take appropriate actions to assess the long-term trade-offs between the development of animal husbandry and the maintenance of ecological services provided by grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Zhang
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauInstitute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold AreaChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
| | - Miao Liu
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ming Xu
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesSchool environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Yi Wang
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gao‐lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess PlateauInstitute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold AreaChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
| | - Chongchong Ye
- Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research NetworkKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dorji Tsechoe
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tianxing Wei
- School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Flavonoids in Agriculture: Chemistry and Roles in, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses, and Microbial Associations. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current world of climate change, global warming and a constantly changing environment have made life very stressful for living entities, which has driven the evolution of biochemical processes to cope with stressed environmental and ecological conditions. As climate change conditions continue to develop, we anticipate more frequent occurrences of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature and salinity. Living plants, which are sessile beings, are more exposed to environmental extremes. However, plants are equipped with biosynthetic machinery operating to supply thousands of bio-compounds required for maintaining internal homeostasis. In addition to chemical coordination within a plant, these compounds have the potential to assist plants in tolerating, resisting and escaping biotic and abiotic stresses generated by the external environment. Among certain biosynthates, flavonoids are an important example of these stress mitigators. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites and biostimulants; they play a key role in plant growth by inducing resistance against certain biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the function of flavonoids as signal compounds to communicate with rhizosphere microbes is indispensable. In this review, the significance of flavonoids as biostimulants, stress mitigators, mediators of allelopathy and signaling compounds is discussed. The chemical nature and biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid production are also highlighted.
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16
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Zhu X, Li X, Xing F, Chen C, Huang G, Gao Y. Interaction Between Root Exudates of the Poisonous Plant Stellera chamaejasme L. and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030364. [PMID: 32143469 PMCID: PMC7142538 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of a large number of poisonous plants is an indicator of grassland degradation. Releasing allelochemicals through root exudates is one of the strategies with which poisonous plants affect neighboring plants in nature. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a mutualistic symbiosis with most of the higher plants. However, the manner of interaction between root exudates of poisonous plants and AMF on neighboring herbage in grasslands remains poorly understood. Stellera chamaejasme L., a common poisonous plant with approved allelopathy, is widely distributed with the dominant grass of Leymus chinensis in the degradeds of Northern China. In this study, we investigated the addition of S. chamaejasme root exudates (SRE), the inoculation of AMF, and their interaction on the growth and tissue nitrogen contents of L. chinensis, the characteristics of rhizosphere AMF, and soil physicochemical properties. Results showed that SRE had significant effects on ramet number, aboveground biomass, and total nitrogen of L. chinensis in a concentration dependent manner. Additionally, SRE had a significant negative effect on the rate of mycorrhiza infection and spore density of the AMF. Meanwhile, the addition of SRE significantly affected soil pH, electrical conductivity, available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), and total carbon (TC) contents; while neither inoculation of AMF itself nor the interaction of AMF with SRE significantly affected the growth of L. chinensis. The interaction between AMF and SRE dramatically changed the pH, AP, and TC of rhizosphere soil. Therefore, we suggested SRE of S. chamaejasme affected the growth of L. chinensis by altering soil pH and nutrient availability. AMF could change the effect of SRE on soil nutrients and have the potential to regulate the allelopathic effects of S. chamaejasme and the interspecific interaction between the two plant species. We have provided new evidence for the allelopathic mechanism of S. chamaejasme and the regulation effects of AMF on the interspecific relationship between poisonous plants and neighboring plants. Our findings reveal the complex interplay between the root exudates of poisonous plants and rhizosphere AMF in regulating population growth and dynamics of neighboring plants in degraded grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (X.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaote Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (X.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Fu Xing
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (X.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (X.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guohui Huang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (X.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (X.Z.); (X.L.); (C.C.); (G.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (Y.G.)
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17
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Guo L, Li J, He W, Liu L, Huang D, Wang K. High nutrient uptake efficiency and high water use efficiency facilitate the spread of Stellera chamaejasme L. in degraded grasslands. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:50. [PMID: 31801501 PMCID: PMC6894284 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stellera chamaejasme L. is a poisonous plant widely distributes in degraded grasslands in China. The mechanism underlying its spread remains unknown. In some degraded grasslands, S. chamaejasme has gradually replaced previous dominant species, such as Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii, Artemisia eriopoda on typical steppes. Apart from its unpalatability by livestock, we hypothesized that the survival strategy (nutrient uptake and water use efficiency) of S. chamaejasme in degraded grasslands could be distinct from other coexisting species in the community. Recently, ecological stoichiometry has been suggested as a new approach for studying the demand for natural resources of plants in a changing world, and the leaf carbon isotopic composition (δ13C leaf) as a rapid and effective high throughput phenotyping method for water use efficiency (WUE), both of which can reveal the survival and adaptive strategies of plants. Therefore, in this study we aimed to fill the knowledge gap concerning ecological stoichiometry in the leaf, stem, and root of S. chamaejasme and its surrounding soil on grasslands with different degrees of degradation, and comparing the leaf nutrient content and δ13C of S. chamaejasme with the coexisting species (L. chinensis, S. krylovii, A. eriopoda) in the communities. Toward this goal, we conducted a field survey in which plants and soils were sampled from four different degraded grasslands on typical steppes in China. RESULTS Our results showed that there is no significant difference of carbon content (C%) and nitrogen content (N%) in leaves of S. chamaejasme in different degraded grasslands, and all element contents and element ratios in stems did not differ significantly. Meanwhile, ecological stoichiometry of S. chamaejasme is distinct from the coexisting species, with low C%, high N% and phosphorus content (P%) in the leaf, indicating high nutrient uptake efficiency of S. chamaejasme in nutrient-poor environments like degraded grasslands. Additionally, S. chamaejasme showed significant higher WUE than other species. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that high nutrient uptake efficiency and high WUE of S. chamaejasme might together contribute to the spread of S. chamaejasme in degraded grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Guo
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, 076550, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, 076550, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Biology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, 076550, China
| | - Ding Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, 076550, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- GuYuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Zhangjiakou, 076550, China.
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Mecina GF, Chia MA, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Bittencourt-Oliveira MDC, Varela RM, Torres A, González Molinillo JM, Macías FA, da Silva RMG. Effect of flavonoids isolated from Tridax procumbens on the growth and toxin production of Microcystis aeruginos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:81-91. [PMID: 30954847 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The excessive proliferation of toxin producing cyanobacteria constitutes a significant health risk to the environment and humans. This is due to the contamination of potable water and accumulation of cyanotoxins in plant and animal tissues. As a means of controlling bloom forming cyanobacteria, secondary metabolites with pro-oxidative activities from plants are used to treat water bodies contaminated with cyanobacterial blooms and their associated toxins. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanism of action of extract, fractions and isolated flavonoids of Tridax procumbens L. on Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing. by monitoring changes in growth, oxidative stress, antioxidant response, and cyanatoxin microcystins (MCs) production. The extract, fraction 3 and the isolated flavonoids significantly reduced the cell density of the cyanobacterium. Furthermore, the extract and fraction 3 increased the production of reactive oxygen species, induced lipid peroxidation, and altered antioxidant enzyme activities of M. aeruginosa. The total MCs content of the cyanobacterium was negatively affected by the presence of the extract, fractions and isolated flavonoids. The present study show that T. procumbens has secondary metabolites that are capable of interfering with the physiology and microcystins production of M. aeruginosa. These characteristics are promising for the control of this noxious cyanobacterium in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Franciscatti Mecina
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages Assis, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Natural Products, Avenida Dom Antônio 2100, CEP: 19806-900, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, CEP: 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathias Ahii Chia
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810001 Nigeria
| | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional 6 (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ascensión Torres
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional 6 (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - José María González Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional 6 (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Antonio Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional 6 (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui 7, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages Assis, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Natural Products, Avenida Dom Antônio 2100, CEP: 19806-900, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, CEP: 14800-060, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Exploring Chemical Basis of Toxicity Reduction for Processed Roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:4854728. [PMID: 30956661 PMCID: PMC6431369 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4854728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some herbal medicines are treated with various processing methods to ensure their safe and effective use. However, chemical basis of toxicity reducing for most herbal medicines remains unclear. Stellera chamaejasme L., particularly the root (ruixianglangdu), is toxic. Thus, ruixianglangdu is commonly processed with vinegar or milk to reduce toxicity. Here, with help of multiple-ion monitoring (MIM)-based metabolomics, we comprehensively capture chemical information of ruixianglangdu. Then, 33 differential components between crude drugs and processed products were identified or tentatively characterized by multiple-ion monitoring–information dependent acquiring–enhanced product ion (MIM-IDA-EPI), whose level changed after being processed by vinegar or milk. It was found that flavonoids especially biflavonones could be the important chemical basis of toxicity reduction for processed ruixianglangdu. In addition, some coumarins and lignanoids could also play a role in reducing toxicity. It is believed that MIM-based metabolomics method was valuable for exploring chemical basis of toxicity reduction for processing. The data is critical to further study the mechanism of toxicity reducing for processed ruixianglangdu.
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Li YQ, Li CJ, Lv L, Cao QQ, Qian X, Li SW, Wang H, Zhao L. A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of five flavonoids from Stellera chamaejasme L. in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4189. [PMID: 29328498 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stellera chamaejasme L. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of scabies, tinea, stubborn skin ulcers, chronic tracheitis, cancer and tuberculosis. A sensitive and selective ultra-high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five flavonoids (stelleranol, chamaechromone, neochamaejasmin A, chamaejasmine and isochamaejasmin) of S. chamaejasme L. in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.7 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and the total analysis time was 7 min. The analytes were detected using multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The UPLC-MS/MS method was validated for specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. The validated method exhibited good linearity (r ≥ 0.9956), and the lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.51 to 0.64 ng/mL for five flavonoids. The intra- and inter-day precision were both <10.2%, and the accuracy ranged from -11.79 to 9.21%. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of five flavonoids in rats after oral administration of ethyl acetate extract of S. chamaejasme L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Children Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Center of Health Management, Zhejiang Changtai Hospital, Zhuji, China
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Chen W, Luo XH, Wang Z, Zhang YY, Liu LP, Wang HB. A new biflavone glucoside from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:550-3. [PMID: 26233846 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the chemical constituents of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme (Thymelaeaceae). One new biflavone glucoside (1), along with other thirteen known compounds (2-14), was isolated by repeated column chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses. The cytotoxic activities of selected compounds were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines (A549, BEL-7402, HCT-116, and MDA-MB-231) by the SRB assay method. Compound 9 showed remarkable cytotoxicity against BEL-7402 with IC50 value being 0.65 μg·mL(-1); compounds 7, 8, and 12 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against A549 with IC50 values being 2.38, 1.57, and 2.35 μg·mL(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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IKONOS Image-Based Extraction of the Distribution Area of Stellera chamaejasme L. in Qilian County of Qinghai Province, China. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pan L, Li XZ, Yan ZQ, Guo HR, Qin B. Phytotoxicity of umbelliferone and its analogs: Structure-activity relationships and action mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:272-7. [PMID: 26509496 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two coumarins, umbelliferone and daphnoretin, were isolated from roots of Stellera chamaejasme L; the former had been identified as one of the main allelochemicals in our previous studies. Both of them have the skeleton of 7-hydroxycoumarin, but showed different phytotoxic effects. Umbelliferone and its analogs were then prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationship of hydroxycoumarins and screened for phytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects varied observably in response to the coumarin derivatives, especially umbelliferone (1), 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (3) and coumarin (10) displayed strong inhibition of lettuce and two field weeds, Setaria viridis and Amaranthus retroflexus, and compounds 11 and 12 also exhibited phytotoxic activity with species specificity. The number and location of hydroxyl groups were importantly responsible for the phytotoxicity. A C7 hydroxyl group was considered to be a potentially active site and methyl substitution at the C4 position contributed significantly to the activity. The phytotoxic mechanism was briefly studied with umbelliferone by evaluating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophylls level in lettuce seedlings. The results showed that umbelliferone induced the accumulation of ROS in the root tip and significantly decreased the chlorophyll content in the leaves. Thus, a ROS-mediated regulation pathway and the inhibition of photosynthesis were definitely involved in the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiu-Zhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Yan M, Lu Y, Chen CH, Zhao Y, Lee KH, Chen DF. Stelleralides D-J and Anti-HIV Daphnane Diterpenes from Stellera chamaejasme. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2712-8. [PMID: 26562066 PMCID: PMC4774894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a petroleum ether extract of the roots of Stellera chamaejasme led to the isolation of seven new (stelleralides D-J, 1-7) and 12 known (8-19) daphnane diterpenoids. The structures and relative configurations of 1-7 were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS and comprehensive NMR techniques. All isolates were evaluated for anti-HIV activity in MT4 cells. All compounds tested, except 2, showed anti-HIV activity, and, especially, five 1α-alkyldaphnane diterpenoids (3, 4, 5, 10, and 11) exhibited extremely potent anti-HIV activity, with EC50 values of 0.06-1.1 nM and selectivity index values of more than 10,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2926, SORF, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
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Jin H, Yang X, Lu D, Li C, Yan Z, Li X, Zeng L, Qin B. Phylogenic diversity and tissue specificity of fungal endophytes associated with the pharmaceutical plant, Stellera chamaejasme L. revealed by a cultivation-independent approach. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:835-50. [PMID: 26194722 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plants have been demonstrated as a reservoir with novel natural products useful in medicine and agriculture. It is desirable to explore the species composition, diversity and tissue specificity of endophytic fungi that inhabit in different tissues of medicinal plants. In this study, a culture-independent survey of fungal diversity in the rhizosphere, leaves, stems and roots of a toxic medicinal plant, Stellera chamaejasme L., was conducted by sequence analysis of clone libraries of the partial internal transcribed spacer region. Altogether, 145 fungal OTUs (operational taxonomic units), represented by 464 sequences, were found in four samples, of these 109 OTUs (75.2 %) belonging to Ascomycota, 20 (13.8 %) to Basidiomycota, 14 (9.7 %) to Zygomycota, 1 (0.7 %) to Chytridiomycota, and 1 (0.7 %) to Glomeromycota. The richness and diversity of fungal communities were strongly influenced by plant tissue environments, and the roots are associated with a surprisingly rich endophyte community. The endophyte assemblages associated with S. chamaejasme were strongly shaped by plant tissue environments, and exhibited a certain degree of tissue specificity. Our results suggested that a wide variety of fungal assemblages inhabit in S. chamaejasme, and plant tissue environments conspicuously influence endophyte community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Yan Z, Zeng L, Jin H, Qin B. Potential ecological roles of flavonoids from Stellera chamaejasme. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1001225. [PMID: 25848835 PMCID: PMC4622577 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2014.1001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stellera chamaejasme L. (Thymelaeaceae), a perennial weed, distributes widely in the grasslands of Russia, Mongolia and China. The plant synthesizes various secondary metabolites including a group of flavonoids. To our knowledge, flavonoids play important roles in the interactions between plants and the environment. So, what are the benefits to S. chamaejasme from producing these flavonoids? Here, we discuss the potential ecological role of flavonoids from S. chamaejasme in protecting the plant from insects and other herbivores, as well as pathogens and competing plant species, and new data are provided on the phytotoxicity of flavonoids from S. chamaejasme toward Poa annua L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources of CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou, China
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Mierziak J, Kostyn K, Kulma A. Flavonoids as important molecules of plant interactions with the environment. Molecules 2014; 19:16240-65. [PMID: 25310150 PMCID: PMC6270724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191016240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are small molecular secondary metabolites synthesized by plants with various biological activities. Due to their physical and biochemical properties, they are capable of participating in plants' interactions with other organisms (microorganisms, animals and other plants) and their reactions to environmental stresses. The majority of their functions result from their strong antioxidative properties. Although an increasing number of studies focus on the application of flavonoids in medicine or the food industry, their relevance for the plants themselves also deserves extensive investigations. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functions of flavonoids in the physiology of plants and their relations with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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