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Yan J, Qi N, Xu J, Hu L, Jiang Y, Bai Y. Metabolomic Analyses Reveal That IAA from Serratia marcescens Lkbn100 Promotes Plant Defense during Infection of Fusarium graminearum in Sorghum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2184. [PMID: 39204620 PMCID: PMC11360247 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Global sorghum production has been significantly reduced due to the occurrence of sorghum root rot caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. The utilization of biocontrol microorganisms has emerged as an effective strategy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of biocontrol bacteria in inducing sorghum resistance against sorghum root rot and explore the potential induced resistance mechanisms through metabolomics analysis. The results revealed that the biocontrol bacteria Lnkb100, identified as Serratia marcescens (GenBank: PP152264), significantly enhanced the resistance of sorghum against sorghum root rot and promoted its growth, leading to increased seed weight. Targeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that the highest concentration of the hormone IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) was detected in the metabolites of Lnkb100. Treatment with IAA enhanced the activity of disease-related enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD and PPO in sorghum, thereby improving its resistance against sorghum root rot. Further untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that IAA treatment resulted in higher concentrations of metabolites involved in the resistance against F. graminearum, such as geniposidic acid, 5-L-Glutamyl-taurine, formononetin 7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate, as well as higher concentrations of the defense-related molecules volicitin and JA. Additionally, "secondary bile acid biosynthesis" and "glycerophospholipid metabolism" pathways were found to play significant roles in the defense response of sorghum against fungal infection. These findings provide a reliable theoretical basis for utilizing biocontrol microorganisms to control sorghum root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (J.Y.); (J.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Nawei Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China;
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (J.Y.); (J.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Lan Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (J.Y.); (J.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China; (J.Y.); (J.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Yuanjun Bai
- Institute of Rice, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
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Foti C, Zambounis A, Bataka EP, Kalloniati C, Panagiotaki E, Nakas CT, Flemetakis E, Pavli OI. Metabolic Aspects of Lentil- Fusarium Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2005. [PMID: 39065530 PMCID: PMC11281263 DOI: 10.3390/plants13142005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) is considered the most destructive disease for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) worldwide. Despite the extensive studies elucidating plants' metabolic response to fungal agents, there is a knowledge gap in the biochemical mechanisms governing Fol-resistance in lentil. Τhis study aimed at comparatively evaluating the metabolic response of two lentil genotypes, with contrasting phenotypes for Fol-resistance, to Fol-inoculation. Apart from gaining insights into the metabolic reprogramming in response to Fol-inoculation, the study focused on discovering novel biomarkers to improve early selection for Fol-resistance. GC-MS-mediated metabolic profiling of leaves and roots was employed to monitor changes across genotypes and treatments as well as their interaction. In total, the analysis yielded 178 quantifiable compounds, of which the vast majority belonged to the groups of carbohydrates, amino acids, polyols and organic acids. Despite the magnitude of metabolic fluctuations in response to Fol-inoculation in both genotypes under study, significant alterations were noted in the content of 18 compounds, of which 10 and 8 compounds referred to roots and shoots, respectively. Overall data underline the crucial contribution of palatinitol and L-proline in the metabolic response of roots and shoots, respectively, thus offering possibilities for their exploitation as metabolic biomarkers for Fol-resistance in lentil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first metabolomics-based approach to unraveling the effects of Fol-inoculation on lentil's metabolome, thus providing crucial information related to key aspects of lentil-Fol interaction. Future investigations in metabolic aspects of lentil-Fol interactions will undoubtedly revolutionize the search for metabolites underlying Fol-resistance, thus paving the way towards upgrading breeding efforts to combat fusarium wilt in lentil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Foti
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (C.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evmorfia P. Bataka
- Laboratory of Biometry, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (E.P.B.); (C.T.N.)
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Evangelia Panagiotaki
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (C.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Christos T. Nakas
- Laboratory of Biometry, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (E.P.B.); (C.T.N.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Ourania I. Pavli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (C.F.); (E.P.)
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Lakmes A, Jhar A, Sadanandom A, Brennan AC, Kahriman A. Inheritance of Resistance to Chickpea Fusarium Wilt Disease ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris Race 2) in a Wide-Cross Cicer arietinum × Cicer reticulatum Mapping Family. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:819. [PMID: 38927754 PMCID: PMC11202674 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a major food legume providing high quality nutrition, especially in developing regions. Chickpea wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) causes significant annual losses. Integrated disease management of Fusarium wilt is supported by resistant varieties. Relatively few resistance genes are known so there is value in exploring genetic resources in chickpea wild relatives. This study investigates the inheritance of Fusarium wilt resistance (race 2) in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a cultivated susceptible chickpea variety (Gokce) and a wild resistant Cicer reticulatum line (Kayat-077). RILs, parents, resistant and susceptible tester lines were twice grown in the greenhouse with inoculation and disease symptoms scored. DNA was extracted from dried leaves and individuals were single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyped. SNPs were placed on the reference chickpea genome and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed. Significant QTL regions were examined using PulseDB to identify candidate genes. The results showed the segregation of Fusarium wilt resistance conforming to a single gene inheritance. One significant QTL was found at the start of chromosome 8, containing 138 genes, three of which were disease-resistance candidates for chickpea breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Lakmes
- Department of Field Crops, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63100, Türkiye; (A.L.); (A.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Abdullah Jhar
- Department of Field Crops, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63100, Türkiye; (A.L.); (A.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Biosciences Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
| | | | - Abdullah Kahriman
- Department of Field Crops, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63100, Türkiye; (A.L.); (A.J.); (A.K.)
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Yadav P, Sharma K, Tiwari N, Saxena G, Asif MH, Singh S, Kumar M. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Fusarium-infected root xylem tissues to decipher genes involved in chickpea wilt resistance. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:390. [PMID: 37942053 PMCID: PMC10630269 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is the most destructive soil-borne disease that poses a major threat to chickpea production. To comprehensively understand the interaction between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum, the xylem-specific transcriptome analysis of wilt-resistant (WR315) and wilt-susceptible (JG62) genotypes at an early timepoint (4DPI) was investigated. Differential expression analysis showed that 1368 and 348 DEGs responded to pathogen infection in resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. Both genotypes showed transcriptional reprogramming in response to Foc2, but the responses in WR315 were more severe than in JG62. Results of the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEGS in both genotypes with enrichment in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and carbon metabolism. Genes associated with defense-related metabolites synthesis such as thaumatin-like protein 1b, cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases, MLP-like proteins, polygalacturonase inhibitor 2-like, ethylene-responsive transcription factors, glycine-rich cell wall structural protein-like, beta-galactosidase-like, subtilisin-like protease, thioredoxin-like protein, chitin elicitor receptor kinase-like, proline transporter-like, non-specific lipid transfer protein and sugar transporter were mostly up-regulated in resistant as compared to susceptible genotypes. The results of this study provide disease resistance genes, which would be helpful in understanding the Foc resistance mechanism in chickpea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Kritika Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Nikita Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Garima Saxena
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mehar H. Asif
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Swati Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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Chen L, Ma Y, He T, Chen T, Pan Y, Zhou D, Li X, Lu Y, Wu Q, Wang L. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis unveil the response mechanism in wild rice ( Zizania latifolia griseb.) against sheath rot infection. Front Genet 2023; 14:1163464. [PMID: 37359383 PMCID: PMC10289006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1163464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath rot disease (SRD) is one of the most devastating diseases of Manchurian wild rice (MWR) (Zizania latifolia Griseb). Pilot experiments in our laboratory have shown that an MWR cultivar "Zhejiao NO.7"exhibits signs of SRD tolerance. To explore the responses of Zhejiao No. 7 to SRD infection, we used a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis approach. A total of 136 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs, 114 up- and 22 down-accumulated in FA compared to CK) were detected. These up-accumulated metabolites were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, flavonoids, and phytohormone signaling. Transcriptome sequencing results showed the differential expression of 11,280 genes (DEGs, 5,933 up-, and 5,347 downregulated in FA compared to CK). The genes expressed in tryptophan metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis confirmed the metabolite results. In addition, genes related to the cell wall, carbohydrate metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction (especially hypersensitive response) showed changes in expression in response to SRD infection. These results provide a basis for understanding the response mechanisms in MWR to FA attack that can be used for breeding SRD-tolerant MWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Ma
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jinyun County, Jinyun, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianjun He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - TingTing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Pan
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dayun Zhou
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quancong Wu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lailiang Wang
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Makhumbila P, Rauwane ME, Muedi HH, Madala NE, Figlan S. Metabolome profile variations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) resistant and susceptible genotypes incited by rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). Front Genet 2023; 14:1141201. [PMID: 37007949 PMCID: PMC10060544 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1141201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal agent of rust, Uromyces appendiculatus is a major constraint for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production. This pathogen causes substantial yield losses in many common bean production areas worldwide. U. appendiculatus is widely distributed and although there have been numerous breakthroughs in breeding for resistance, its ability to mutate and evolve still poses a major threat to common bean production. An understanding of plant phytochemical properties can aid in accelerating breeding for rust resistance. In this study, metabolome profiles of two common bean genotypes Teebus-RR-1 (resistant) and Golden Gate Wax (susceptible) were investigated for their response to U. appendiculatus races (1 and 3) at 14- and 21-days post-infection (dpi) using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS). Non-targeted data analysis revealed 71 known metabolites that were putatively annotated, and a total of 33 were statistically significant. Key metabolites including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and lipids were found to be incited by rust infections in both genotypes. Resistant genotype as compared to the susceptible genotype differentially enriched metabolites including aconifine, D-sucrose, galangin, rutarin and others as a defence mechanism against the rust pathogen. The results suggest that timely response to pathogen attack by signalling the production of specific metabolites can be used as a strategy to understand plant defence. This is the first study to illustrate the utilization of metabolomics to understand the interaction of common bean with rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Makhumbila
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Penny Makhumbila,
| | - Molemi E. Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Hangwani H. Muedi
- Research Support Services, North-West Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Sandiswa Figlan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodeport, South Africa
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Sathiyabama M, Indhumathi M. Chitosan thiamine nanoparticles intervene innate immunomodulation during Chickpea-Fusarium interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 198:11-17. [PMID: 34963622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of chitosan thiamine nanoparticles (TCNP) on the activation of defence responses in chickpea against stress caused by wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC), under greenhouse condition. A significant increase in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was observed in the TCNP treated chickpea plants challenged with FOC compared to the untreated control. Histochemical staining showed high deposition of lignin in the vascular bundles of chickpea stem tissues in TCNP treated plants challenged with FOC. More than 90% protection against wilt pathogen was observed in TCNP treated chickpea plants challenged with FOC, under greenhouse condition. Higher accumulation of antioxidants and phenylpropanoids in TCNP treated challenged chickpea plants well correlates with resistance against wilt pathogen. These results suggest that the elicitation of stress response in TCNP treated chickpea during FOC interaction play a vital role in suppressing the wilt disease in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sathiyabama
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Indhumathi
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Garikapati V, Colasante C, Baumgart-Vogt E, Spengler B. Sequential lipidomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses of serum, liver, and heart tissue specimens from peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11α knockout mice. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2235-2250. [PMID: 35083512 PMCID: PMC8821073 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are versatile single membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic organelles, involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid metabolism and diverse other metabolic processes. Peroxisomal disorders result from mutations in Pex genes-encoded proteins named peroxins (PEX proteins) and single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. The PEX11 protein family (α, β, and γ isoforms) plays an important role in peroxisomal proliferation and fission. However, their specific functions and the metabolic impact caused by their deficiencies have not been precisely characterized. To understand the systemic molecular alterations caused by peroxisomal defects, here we utilized untreated peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11α knockout (Pex11α KO) mouse model and performed serial relative-quantitative lipidomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses of serum, liver, and heart tissue homogenates. We demonstrated significant specific changes in the abundances of multiple lipid species, polar metabolites, and proteins and dysregulated metabolic pathways in distinct biological specimens of the Pex11α KO adult mice in comparison to the wild type (WT) controls. Overall, the present study reports comprehensive semi-quantitative molecular omics information of the Pex11α KO mice, which might serve in the future as a reference for a better understanding of the roles of Pex11α and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vannuruswamy Garikapati
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Colasante
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Synergistic Effect between Trichoderma virens and Bacillus velezensis on the Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Disease. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Ralstonia solanacearum causes tomato bacterial wilt disease, one of the most serious tomato diseases. As the combination of Trichoderma virens (Tvien6) and Bacillus velezensis (X5) was more effective at controlling tomato bacterial wilt disease than a single agent, we investigated the synergistic effect of Tvien6 and X5 in controlling this disease; (2) Methods: The disease incidence, plant heights and weights, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD values), defensive enzymes (PPO, POD, and SOD) activities, and metabolome were estimated among four treatment groups (BR treatment, X5 + R. solanacearum (RS-15); TR treatment, Tvien6+ RS-15; TBR treatment, Tvien6 + X5 + RS-15; and R treatment, RS-15); (3) Results: The R treatment group had the highest disease incidence and lowest plant heights, plant weights, SPAD values, defensive enzyme activities, and D-fructose and D-glucose contents; the TBR treatment group had the lowest disease incidence and highest plant heights, plant weights, SPAD values, defensive enzyme activities, and D-fructose and D-glucose contents; (4) Conclusions: The results revealed that Tvien6 and X5 can both individually promote tomato plant growth, increase leaf chlorophyll content, enhance defensive enzyme activities, and induce the accumulation of D-fructose and D-glucose; however, they were more effective when combined.
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Zhang J, Lu Z, Ren T, Cong R, Lu J, Li X. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Potassium Deficiency During Sarocladium oryzae Infection Reveal Insights into Rice Sheath Rot Disease Resistance. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:81. [PMID: 34533651 PMCID: PMC8448798 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath rot disease caused by Sarocladium oryzae (S. oryzae) infection is an emerging disease, and infection can cause yield losses of 20-85%. Adequate potassium (K) application is a feasible strategy for rice tolerance to S. oryzae infection. However, little is known about the metabolic mechanisms regulated by K that allow rice to cope better with S. oryzae infection. The present study performed a comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis of rice with different K nutrition statuses before and upon S. oryzae infection. Sarocladium oryzae infection triggered a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) burst, and K starvation aggravated the accumulation of H2O2 in the flag leaf sheath (FLS), which resulted in lipid peroxidation. Likewise, K deficiency altered the lipid homeostasis of the host plants by hyperaccumulation of 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine. K starvation decreased the content of glycoglycerolipids including monogalactosyldiacyglycerol and digalactosyldoacylglycerol during S. oryzae infection, which destroyed the stability of bilayer membranes. In contrast, sufficient K supply increased antioxidant-related transcript expression (for example, the genes related to glutathione-S-transferase biosynthesis were upregulated), which activated the antioxidant systems. Additionally, upon S. oryzae infection, K starvation amplified the negative impacts of S. oryzae infection on flag leaf photosynthetic potential. These results provide new insight into the role of K in alleviating S. oryzae infection. Adequate K supply decreased the negative impacts of sheath rot disease on rice growth by alleviating lipid peroxidation and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070 China
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11
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Norvienyeku J, Lin L, Waheed A, Chen X, Bao J, Aliyu SR, Lin L, Shabbir A, Batool W, Zhong Z, Zhou J, Lu G, Wang Z. Bayogenin 3-O-cellobioside confers non-cultivar-specific defence against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:589-601. [PMID: 33043566 PMCID: PMC7955875 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivars from japonica and indica lineage possess differential resistance against blast fungus as a result of genetic divergence. Whether different rice cultivars also show distinct metabolomic changes in response to P. oryzae, and their role in host resistance, are poorly understood. Here, we examine the responses of six different rice cultivars from japonica and indica lineage challenged with P. oryzae. Both susceptible and resistant rice cultivars expressed several metabolites exclusively during P. oryzae infection, including the saponin Bayogenin 3-O-cellobioside. Bayogenin 3-O-cellobioside level in infected rice directly correlated with their resistant attributes. These findings reveal, for the first time to our knowledge that besides oat, other grass plants including rice produces protective saponins. Our study provides insight into the role of pathogen-mediated metabolomics reprogramming in host immunity. The correlation between Bayogenin 3-O-Cellobioside levels and blast resistance suggests that engineering saponin expression in cereal crops represents attractive and sustainable disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice Norvienyeku
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Abdul Waheed
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jiandong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Sami Rukaiya Aliyu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Lianyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ammarah Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wajjiha Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Institute of OceanographyMinjiang UniversityFuzhouChina
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12
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Farag MA, Sharaf El-Din MG, Selim MA, Owis AI, Abouzid SF, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA, Otify A. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Approach for the Analysis of Major Legume Sprouts Coupled to Chemometrics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030761. [PMID: 33540661 PMCID: PMC7867271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Legume sprouts are a fresh nutritive source of phytochemicals of increasing attention worldwide owing to their many health benefits. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was utilized for the metabolite fingerprinting of 4 major legume sprouts, belonging to family Fabaceae, to be exploited for quality control purposes. Thirty-two metabolites were identified belonging to different classes, i.e., fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, nucleobases, organic acids, sterols, alkaloids, and isoflavonoids. Quantitative NMR was employed for assessing the major identified metabolite levels and multivariate data analysis was utilized to assess metabolome heterogeneity among sprout samples. Isoflavones were detected exclusively in Cicer sprouts, whereas Trigonella was characterized by 4-hydroxyisoleucine. Vicia sprouts were distinguished from other legume sprouts by the presence of L-Dopa versus acetate abundance in Lens. A common alkaloid in all sprouts was trigonelline, detected at 8–25 µg/mg, suggesting its potential role in legume seeds’ germination. Trigonelline was found at highest levels in Trigonella sprouts. The aromatic NMR region data (δ 11.0–5.0 ppm) provided a better classification power than the full range (δ 11.0–0.0 ppm) as sprout variations mostly originated from secondary metabolites, which can serve as chemotaxonomic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; (M.A.S.); (A.O.)
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (L.A.W.)
| | | | - Mohamed A. Selim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; (M.A.S.); (A.O.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science & Technology (MUST), 6th October City 12566, Egypt
| | - Asmaa I. Owis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; (A.I.O.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Sameh F. Abouzid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; (A.I.O.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Asmaa Otify
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; (M.A.S.); (A.O.)
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13
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Jha UC, Bohra A, Pandey S, Parida SK. Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics Approaches for Improving Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Major Grain Legumes. Front Genet 2020; 11:1001. [PMID: 33193586 PMCID: PMC7644945 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt (FW) disease is the key constraint to grain legume production worldwide. The projected climate change is likely to exacerbate the current scenario. Of the various plant protection measures, genetic improvement of the disease resistance of crop cultivars remains the most economic, straightforward and environmental-friendly option to mitigate the risk. We begin with a brief recap of the classical genetic efforts that provided first insights into the genetic determinants controlling plant response to different races of FW pathogen in grain legumes. Subsequent technological breakthroughs like sequencing technologies have enhanced our understanding of the genetic basis of both plant resistance and pathogenicity. We present noteworthy examples of targeted improvement of plant resistance using genomics-assisted approaches. In parallel, modern functional genomic tools like RNA-seq are playing a greater role in illuminating the various aspects of plant-pathogen interaction. Further, proteomics and metabolomics have also been leveraged in recent years to reveal molecular players and various signaling pathways and complex networks participating in host-pathogen interaction. Finally, we present a perspective on the challenges and limitations of high-throughput phenotyping and emerging breeding approaches to expeditiously develop FW-resistant cultivars under the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chand Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Pandey
- Forest Protection Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
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14
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Pontes JGDM, Fernandes LS, Dos Santos RV, Tasic L, Fill TP. Virulence Factors in the Phytopathogen-Host Interactions: An Overview. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7555-7570. [PMID: 32559375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens are responsible for great losses in agriculture, once they are able to subvert or elude the host defense mechanisms through virulence factors secretion for their dissemination. Herein, it is reviewed phytotoxins that act as virulence factors and are produced by bacterial phytopathogens (Candidatus Liberibacter spp., Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pvs and Xanthomonas spp.) and fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cochliobolus spp., Fusarium spp., Magnaporthe spp., and Penicillium spp.), which were selected in accordance to their worldwide importance due to the biochemical and economical aspects. In the current review, it is sought to understand the role of virulence factors in the pathogen-host interactions that result in plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Soler Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Quı́mica Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratório de Quı́mica Biológica (LQB), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taicia Pacheco Fill
- Laboratório de Biologia Quı́mica Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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15
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Hashem A, Tabassum B, Abd_Allah EF. Omics Approaches in Chickpea Fusarium Wilt Disease Management. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35947-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Gharat SA, Shinde BA, Mule RD, Punekar SA, Dholakia BB, Jayaramaiah RH, Ramaswamy G, Giri AP. High-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses vet the potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis in two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. PLANTA 2019; 251:28. [PMID: 31802261 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploration with high-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics of two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa identifies candidate genes, crucial metabolites and a potential cerpegin biosynthetic pathway. Ceropegia bulbosa is an important medicinal plant, used in the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea, dysentery, and syphilis. This is primarily attributed to the presence of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, especially cerpegin. As this plant belongs to an endemic threatened category, genomic resources are not available hampering exploration on the molecular basis of cerpegin accumulation till now. Therefore, we undertook high-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses using different tissues from two varieties namely, C. bulbosa var. bulbosa and C. bulbosa var. lushii. Metabolomic analysis revealed spatial and differential accumulation of various metabolites. We chemically synthesized and characterized the cerpegin and its derivatives by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Importantly, these comparisons suggested the presence of cerpegin and 5-allyl cerpegin in all C. bulbosa tissues. Further, de novo transcriptome analysis indicated the presence of significant transcripts for secondary metabolic pathways through the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database. Tissue-specific profiling of transcripts and metabolites showed a significant correlation, suggesting the intricate mechanism of cerpegin biosynthesis. The expression of potential candidate genes from the proposed cerpegin biosynthetic pathway was further validated by qRT-PCR and NanoString nCounter. Overall, our findings propose a potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis. Identified transcripts and metabolites have built a foundation as new molecular resources that could facilitate future research on biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of cerpegin or other important metabolites in such non-model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin A Gharat
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Balkrishna A Shinde
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Ravindra D Mule
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sachin A Punekar
- Biospheres, Eshwari, 52/403, Lakshmi nagar, Parvati, Pune, 411009, India
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ramesha H Jayaramaiah
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Theracues Innovations Private Limited, Sahakar nagar, Bangalore, 560092, India
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | | | - Ashok P Giri
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
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17
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Caballo C, Castro P, Gil J, Millan T, Rubio J, Die JV. Candidate genes expression profiling during wilting in chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224212. [PMID: 31644597 PMCID: PMC6808423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickpea production may be seriously threatened by Fusarium wilt, a disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. F. oxysporum race 5 is the most important race in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, the region responsible for resistance race 5 has been delimited within a region on chromosome 2 that spans 820 kb. To gain a better understanding of this genomic region, we used a transcriptomic approach based on quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the expression profiles of 22 selected candidate genes. We used a pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing in their sensitivity to Fusarium race 5 (resistant vs susceptible) to monitor the transcriptional changes over a time-course experiment (24, 48, and 72 hours post inoculation, hpi). Qualitative differences occurred during the timing of regulation. A cluster of 12 genes were induced by the resistant NIL at 24 hpi, whereas a second cluster contained 9 genes induced by the susceptible NIL at 48 hpi. Their possible functions in the molecular defence of chickpea is discussed. Our study provides new insight into the molecular defence against Fusarium race 5 and demonstrates that development of NILs is a rich resource to facilitate the detection of candidate genes. The new genes regulated here may be useful against other Fusarium races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Caballo
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA, Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Patricia Castro
- Department of Genetics - ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Gil
- Department of Genetics - ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Millan
- Department of Genetics - ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Josefa Rubio
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA, Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose V. Die
- Department of Genetics - ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
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18
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Chen F, Ma R, Chen XL. Advances of Metabolomics in Fungal Pathogen-Plant Interactions. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080169. [PMID: 31443304 PMCID: PMC6724083 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant disease caused by fungus is one of the major threats to global food security, and understanding fungus-plant interactions is important for plant disease control. Research devoted to revealing the mechanisms of fungal pathogen-plant interactions has been conducted using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Metabolomics research based on mass spectrometric techniques is an important part of systems biology. In the past decade, the emerging field of metabolomics in plant pathogenic fungi has received wide attention. It not only provides a qualitative and quantitative approach for determining the pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi but also helps to elucidate the defense mechanisms of their host plants. This review focuses on the methods and progress of metabolomics research in fungal pathogen-plant interactions. In addition, the prospects and challenges of metabolomics research in plant pathogenic fungi and their hosts are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ruijing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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19
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Rashmi D, Barvkar VT, Nadaf A, Mundhe S, Kadoo NY. Integrative omics analysis in Pandanus odorifer (Forssk.) Kuntze reveals the role of Asparagine synthetase in salinity tolerance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:932. [PMID: 30700750 PMCID: PMC6353967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandanus odorifer (Forssk) Kuntze grows naturally along the coastal regions and withstands salt-sprays as well as strong winds. A combination of omics approaches and enzyme activity studies was employed to comprehend the mechanistic basis of high salinity tolerance in P. odorifer. The young seedlings of P. odorifer were exposed to 1 M salt stress for up to three weeks and analyzed using RNAsequencing (RNAseq) and LC-MS. Integrative omics analysis revealed high expression of the Asparagine synthetase (AS) (EC 6.3.5.4) (8.95 fold) and remarkable levels of Asparagine (Asn) (28.5 fold). This indicated that salt stress promoted Asn accumulation in P. odorifer. To understand this further, the Asn biosynthesis pathway was traced out in P. odorifer. It was noticed that seven genes involved in Asn bisynthetic pathway namely glutamine synthetase (GS) (EC 6.3.1.2) glutamate synthase (GOGAT) (EC 1.4.1.14), aspartate kinase (EC 2.7.2.4), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) (EC 2.6.1.1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) (EC 4.1.1.31) and AS were up-regulated under salt stress. AS transcripts were most abundant thereby showed its highest activity and thus were generating maximal Asn under salt stress. Also, an up-regulated Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX1) facilitated compartmentalization of Na+ into vacuoles, suggesting P. odorifer as salt accumulator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deo Rashmi
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Altafhusain Nadaf
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Swapnil Mundhe
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Narendra Y Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
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20
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Shinde BA, Dholakia BB, Hussain K, Panda S, Meir S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Giri AP, Kamble AC. Dynamic metabolic reprogramming of steroidal glycol-alkaloid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may impart early blight resistance in wild tomato (Solanum arcanum Peralta). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:411-423. [PMID: 28980117 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exploration with high throughput leaf metabolomics along with functional genomics in wild tomato unreveal potential role of steroidal glyco-alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during early blight resistance. Alternaria solani severely affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield causing early blight (EB) disease in tropical environment. Wild relative, Solanum arcanum Peralta could be a potential source of EB resistance; however, its underlying molecular mechanism largely remains unexplored. Hence, non-targeted metabolomics was applied on resistant and susceptible S. arcanum accessions upon A. solani inoculation to unravel metabolic dynamics during different stages of disease progression. Total 2047 potential metabolite peaks (mass signals) were detected of which 681 and 684 metabolites revealed significant modulation and clear differentiation in resistant and susceptible accessions, respectively. Majority of the EB-triggered metabolic changes were active from steroidal glycol-alkaloid (SGA), lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Further, biochemical and gene expression analyses of key enzymes from these pathways positively correlated with phenotypic variation in the S. arcanum accessions indicating their potential role in EB. Additionally, transcription factors regulating lignin biosynthesis were also up-regulated in resistant plants and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed sequence-specific binding of rSaWRKY1 with MYB20 promoter. Moreover, transcript accumulation of key genes from phenylpropanoid and SGA pathways along with WRKY and MYB in WRKY1 transgenic tomato lines supported above findings. Overall, this study highlights vital roles of SGAs as phytoalexins and phenylpropanoids along with lignin accumulation unrevealing possible mechanistic basis of EB resistance in wild tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balkrishna A Shinde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sayantan Panda
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Plant Molecular Biology Unit, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
| | - Avinash C Kamble
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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21
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Upasani ML, Limaye BM, Gurjar GS, Kasibhatla SM, Joshi RR, Kadoo NY, Gupta VS. Chickpea-Fusarium oxysporum interaction transcriptome reveals differential modulation of plant defense strategies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7746. [PMID: 28798320 PMCID: PMC5552786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is one of the major biotic stresses reducing chickpea productivity. The use of wilt-resistant cultivars is the most appropriate means to combat the disease and secure productivity. As a step towards understanding the molecular basis of wilt resistance in chickpea, we investigated the transcriptomes of wilt-susceptible and wilt-resistant cultivars under both Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) challenged and unchallenged conditions. Transcriptome profiling using LongSAGE provided a valuable insight into the molecular interactions between chickpea and Foc, which revealed several known as well as novel genes with differential or unique expression patterns in chickpea contributing to lignification, hormonal homeostasis, plant defense signaling, ROS homeostasis, R-gene mediated defense, etc. Similarly, several Foc genes characteristically required for survival and growth of the pathogen were expressed only in the susceptible cultivar with null expression of most of these genes in the resistant cultivar. This study provides a rich resource for functional characterization of the genes involved in resistance mechanism and their use in breeding for sustainable wilt-resistance. Additionally, it provides pathogen targets facilitating the development of novel control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha L Upasani
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Bhakti M Limaye
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Gayatri S Gurjar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sunitha M Kasibhatla
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rajendra R Joshi
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Narendra Y Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
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22
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Kumar Y, Zhang L, Panigrahi P, Dholakia BB, Dewangan V, Chavan SG, Kunjir SM, Wu X, Li N, Rajmohanan PR, Kadoo NY, Giri AP, Tang H, Gupta VS. Fusarium oxysporum mediates systems metabolic reprogramming of chickpea roots as revealed by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1589-603. [PMID: 26801007 PMCID: PMC5066658 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular changes elicited by plants in response to fungal attack and how this affects plant-pathogen interaction, including susceptibility or resistance, remain elusive. We studied the dynamics in root metabolism during compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc), using quantitative label-free proteomics and NMR-based metabolomics. Results demonstrated differential expression of proteins and metabolites upon Foc inoculations in the resistant plants compared with the susceptible ones. Additionally, expression analysis of candidate genes supported the proteomic and metabolic variations in the chickpea roots upon Foc inoculation. In particular, we found that the resistant plants revealed significant increase in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism; generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lignification and phytoalexins. The levels of some of the pathogenesis-related proteins were significantly higher upon Foc inoculation in the resistant plant. Interestingly, results also exhibited the crucial role of altered Yang cycle, which contributed in different methylation reactions and unfolded protein response in the chickpea roots against Foc. Overall, the observed modulations in the metabolic flux as outcome of several orchestrated molecular events are determinant of plant's role in chickpea-Foc interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Kumar
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Priyabrata Panigrahi
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Bhushan B Dholakia
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Veena Dewangan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Sachin G Chavan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Shrikant M Kunjir
- Central NMR Facility, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Narendra Y Kadoo
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Huiru Tang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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23
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Upasani ML, Gurjar GS, Kadoo NY, Gupta VS. Dynamics of Colonization and Expression of Pathogenicity Related Genes in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri during Chickpea Vascular Wilt Disease Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156490. [PMID: 27227745 PMCID: PMC4882060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) is a constant threat to chickpea productivity in several parts of the world. Understanding the molecular basis of chickpea-Foc interaction is necessary to improve chickpea resistance to Foc and thereby the productivity of chickpea. We transformed Foc race 2 using green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and used it to characterize pathogen progression and colonization in wilt-susceptible (JG62) and wilt-resistant (Digvijay) chickpea cultivars using confocal microscopy. We also employed quantitative PCR (qPCR) to estimate the pathogen load and progression across various tissues of both the chickpea cultivars during the course of the disease. Additionally, the expression of several candidate pathogen virulence genes was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), which showed their characteristic expression in wilt-susceptible and resistant chickpea cultivars. Our results suggest that the pathogen colonizes the susceptible cultivar defeating its defense; however, albeit its entry in the resistant plant, further proliferation is severely restricted providing an evidence of efficient defense mechanism in the resistant chickpea cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha L. Upasani
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Gayatri S. Gurjar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Narendra Y. Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- * E-mail: (VSG); (NYK)
| | - Vidya S. Gupta
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- * E-mail: (VSG); (NYK)
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24
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Pandey MK, Roorkiwal M, Singh VK, Ramalingam A, Kudapa H, Thudi M, Chitikineni A, Rathore A, Varshney RK. Emerging Genomic Tools for Legume Breeding: Current Status and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:455. [PMID: 27199998 PMCID: PMC4852475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Legumes play a vital role in ensuring global nutritional food security and improving soil quality through nitrogen fixation. Accelerated higher genetic gains is required to meet the demand of ever increasing global population. In recent years, speedy developments have been witnessed in legume genomics due to advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput genotyping technologies. Reference genome sequences for many legume crops have been reported in the last 5 years. The availability of the draft genome sequences and re-sequencing of elite genotypes for several important legume crops have made it possible to identify structural variations at large scale. Availability of large-scale genomic resources and low-cost and high-throughput genotyping technologies are enhancing the efficiency and resolution of genetic mapping and marker-trait association studies. Most importantly, deployment of molecular breeding approaches has resulted in development of improved lines in some legume crops such as chickpea and groundnut. In order to support genomics-driven crop improvement at a fast pace, the deployment of breeder-friendly genomics and decision support tools seems appear to be critical in breeding programs in developing countries. This review provides an overview of emerging genomics and informatics tools/approaches that will be the key driving force for accelerating genomics-assisted breeding and ultimately ensuring nutritional and food security in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Vikas K. Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Abirami Ramalingam
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Anu Chitikineni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
- The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
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25
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Belowground Defence Strategies Against Fusarium oxysporum. BELOWGROUND DEFENCE STRATEGIES IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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