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Yang Y, Cheng Y, Bai T, Liu S, Du Q, Xia W, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen X. Optimizing Trilobatin Production via Screening and Modification of Glycosyltransferases. Molecules 2024; 29:643. [PMID: 38338387 PMCID: PMC10856287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Trilobatin (TBL) is a key sweet compound from the traditional Chinese sweet tea plant (Rubus suavissimus S. Lee). Because of its intense sweetness, superior taste profile, and minimal caloric value, it serves as an exemplary natural dihydrochalcone sweetener. It also has various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering effects. It is primarily produced through botanical extraction, which impedes its scalability and cost-effectiveness. In a novel biotechnological approach, phloretin is used as a precursor that is transformed into TBL by the glycosyltransferase enzyme ph-4'-OGT. However, this enzyme's low catalytic efficiency and by-product formation limit the large-scale synthesis of TBL. In our study, the enzyme Mdph-4'-OGT was used to screen 17 sequences across species for TBL synthesis, of which seven exhibited catalytic activity. Notably, PT577 exhibited an unparalleled 97.3% conversion yield within 3 h. We then optimized the reaction conditions of PT577, attaining a peak TBL bioproduction of 163.3 mg/L. By employing virtual screening, we identified 25 mutation sites for PT577, thereby creating mutant strains that reduced by-products by up to 50%. This research enhances the enzymatic precision for TBL biosynthesis and offers a robust foundation for its industrial-scale production, with broader implications for the engineering and in silico analysis of glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China; (Y.Y.); (T.B.); (S.L.); (Q.D.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Y.C.); (W.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhan Cheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Y.C.); (W.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tao Bai
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China; (Y.Y.); (T.B.); (S.L.); (Q.D.)
| | - Shimeng Liu
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China; (Y.Y.); (T.B.); (S.L.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qiuhui Du
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China; (Y.Y.); (T.B.); (S.L.); (Q.D.)
| | - Wenhao Xia
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Y.C.); (W.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Y.C.); (W.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China; (Y.Y.); (T.B.); (S.L.); (Q.D.)
| | - Xianqing Chen
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China; (Y.Y.); (T.B.); (S.L.); (Q.D.)
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Rates ADB, Cesarino I. Pour some sugar on me: The diverse functions of phenylpropanoid glycosylation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154138. [PMID: 38006622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid metabolism is the source of a vast array of specialized metabolites that play diverse functions in plant growth and development and contribute to all aspects of plant interactions with their surrounding environment. These compounds protect plants from damaging ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species, provide mechanical support for the plants to stand upright, and mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications. The enormous metabolic diversity of phenylpropanoids is further expanded by chemical modifications known as "decorative reactions", including hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Among these modifications, glycosylation is the major driving force of phenylpropanoid structural diversification, also contributing to the expansion of their properties. Phenylpropanoid glycosylation is catalyzed by regioselective uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), whereas glycosyl hydrolases known as β-glucosidases are the major players in deglycosylation. In this article, we review how the glycosylation process affects key physicochemical properties of phenylpropanoids, such as molecular stability and solubility, as well as metabolite compartmentalization/storage and biological activity/toxicity. We also summarize the recent knowledge on the functional implications of glycosylation of different classes of phenylpropanoid compounds. A balance of glycosylation/deglycosylation might represent an essential molecular mechanism to regulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis, allowing plants to dynamically respond to diverse environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Barros Rates
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil; Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues 370, 05508-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Clayton-Cuch D, McDougal D, Schwerdt JG, Yu L, Shirley N, Bradley D, Bruning JB, Böttcher C, Bulone V. Identification and characterisation of MdUGT78T2 as a galactosyltransferase with dual activity on flavonol and anthocyanidin substrates in red-skinned apple fruit (Malus domestica L.). Food Chem 2023; 424:136388. [PMID: 37220682 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanidin and flavonol glycosides have been linked to the health-promoting effects associated with apple consumption. However, very few enzymes involved in flavonoid glycosylation have been characterised to date. Here, we present the identification and phylogenetic analysis of 234 putative glycosyltransferases involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, and detail the biochemical and structural characterisation of MdUGT78T2 as a strict galactosyltransferase involved in the formation of quercetin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, the major glycoconjugates of flavonoids in apple. The enzyme is also active on other flavonoids but with a lower catalytic efficiency. Our data, complemented with gene expression analysis suggest that MdUGT78T2 synthesises the glycoconjugates at both the early and late stages of fruit development. This newly discovered type of catalytic activity can potentially be exploited for in vitro modification of flavonoids to increase their stability in food products and to modify apple fruits and other commercial crops through breeding approaches to enhance their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clayton-Cuch
- Adelaide Glycomics, The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia; CSIRO, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Daniel McDougal
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Julian G Schwerdt
- Adelaide Glycomics, The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Long Yu
- Adelaide Glycomics, The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Neil Shirley
- Adelaide Glycomics, The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, Mulgrave, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John B Bruning
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia; Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Miranda S, Lagrèze J, Knoll AS, Angeli A, Espley RV, Dare AP, Malnoy M, Martens S. De novo transcriptome assembly and functional analysis reveal a dihydrochalcone 3-hydroxylase(DHC3H) of wild Malus species that produces sieboldin in vivo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1072765. [PMID: 36589107 PMCID: PMC9800874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sieboldin is a specialised secondary metabolite of the group of dihydrochalcones (DHC), found in high concentrations only in some wild Malus species, closely related to the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica L.). To date, the first committed step towards the biosynthesis of sieboldin remains unknown. In this study, we combined transcriptomic analysis and a de novo transcriptome assembly to identify two putative 3-hydroxylases in two wild Malus species (Malus toringo (K. Koch) Carriere syn. sieboldii Rehder, Malus micromalus Makino) whose DHC profile is dominated by sieboldin. We assessed the in vivo activity of putative candidates to produce 3-hydroxyphloretin and sieboldin by de novo production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that CYP98A proteins of wild Malus accessions (CYP98A195, M. toringo and CYP98A196, M. micromalus) were able to produce 3-hydroxyphloretin, ultimately leading to sieboldin accumulation by co-expression with PGT2. CYP98A197-198 genes of M. × domestica, however, were unable to hydroxylate phloretin in vivo. CYP98A195-196 proteins exerting 3-hydroxylase activity co-localised with an endoplasmic reticulum marker. CYP98A protein model from wild accessions showed mutations in key residues close to the ligand pocket predicted using phloretin for protein docking modelling. These mutations are located within known substrate recognition sites of cytochrome P450s, which could explain the acceptance of phloretin in CYP98A protein of wild accessions. Screening a Malus germplasm collection by HRM marker analysis for CYP98A genes identified three clusters that correspond to the alleles of domesticated and wild species. Moreover, CYP98A isoforms identified in M. toringo and M. micromalus correlate with the accumulation of sieboldin in other wild and hybrid Malus genotypes. Taken together, we provide the first evidence of an enzyme producing sieboldin in vivo that could be involved in the key hydroxylation step towards the synthesis of sieboldin in Malus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jorge Lagrèze
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Anne-Sophie Knoll
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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Dihydrochalcones in Sweet Tea: Biosynthesis, Distribution and Neuroprotection Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248794. [PMID: 36557927 PMCID: PMC9782792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sweet tea is a popular herbal drink in southwest China, and it is usually made from the shoots and tender leaves of Lithocarpus litseifolius. The sweet taste is mainly attributed to its high concentration of dihydrochalcones. The distribution and biosynthesis of dihydrochaldones in sweet tea, as well as neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo tests, are reviewed in this paper. Dihydrochalones are mainly composed of phloretin and its glycosides, namely, trilobatin and phloridzin, and enriched in tender leaves with significant geographical specificity. Biosynthesis of the dihydrochalones follows part of the phenylpropanoid and a branch of flavonoid metabolic pathways and is regulated by expression of the genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase, trans-cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA double bond reductase. The dihydrochalones have been proven to exert a significant neuroprotective effect through their regulation against Aβ deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Xiong RL, Zhang JZ, Liu XY, Deng JQ, Zhu TT, Ni R, Tan H, Sheng JZ, Lou HX, Cheng AX. Identification and Characterization of Two Bibenzyl Glycosyltransferases from the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040735. [PMID: 35453420 PMCID: PMC9025568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liverworts are rich in bibenzyls and related O-glycosides, which show antioxidant activity. However, glycosyltransferases that catalyze the glycosylation of bibenzyls have not yet been characterized. Here, we identified two bibenzyl UDP-glucosyltransferases named MpUGT737B1 and MpUGT741A1 from the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. The in vitro enzymatic assay revealed that MpUGT741A1 specifically accepted the bibenzyl lunularin as substrate. MpUGT737B1 could accept bibenzyls, dihydrochalcone and phenylpropanoids as substrates, and could convert phloretin to phloretin-4-O-glucoside and phloridzin, which showed inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and antioxidant activity. The results of sugar donor selectivity showed that MpUGT737B1 and MpUGT741A1 could only accept UDP-glucose as a substrate. The expression levels of these MpUGTs were considerably increased after UV irradiation, which generally caused oxidative damage. This result indicates that MpUGT737B1 and MpUGT741A1 may play a role in plant stress adaption. Subcellular localization indicates that MpUGT737B1 and MpUGT741A1 were expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. These enzymes should provide candidate genes for the synthesis of bioactive bibenzyl O-glucosides and the improvement of plant antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
| | - Jiao-Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Jian-Qun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
| | - Rong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
| | - Ju-Zheng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.-X.L.); (A.-X.C.)
| | - Ai-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (R.-L.X.); (J.-Z.Z.); (J.-Q.D.); (T.-T.Z.); (R.N.); (H.T.); (J.-Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.-X.L.); (A.-X.C.)
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7
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He B, Bai X, Tan Y, Xie W, Feng Y, Yang GY. Glycosyltransferases: Mining, engineering and applications in biosynthesis of glycosylated plant natural products. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:602-620. [PMID: 35261926 PMCID: PMC8883072 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of nucleotide-activated sugars to specific acceptors, among which the GT1 family enzymes are well-known for their function in biosynthesis of natural product glycosides. Elucidating GT function represents necessary step in metabolic engineering of aglycone glycosylation to produce drug leads, cosmetics, nutrients and sweeteners. In this review, we systematically summarize the phylogenetic distribution and catalytic diversity of plant GTs. We also discuss recent progress in the identification of novel GT candidates for synthesis of plant natural products (PNPs) using multi-omics technology and deep learning predicted models. We also highlight recent advances in rational design and directed evolution engineering strategies for new or improved GT functions. Finally, we cover recent breakthroughs in the application of GTs for microbial biosynthesis of some representative glycosylated PNPs, including flavonoid glycosides (fisetin 3-O-glycosides, astragalin, scutellarein 7-O-glucoside), terpenoid glycosides (rebaudioside A, ginsenosides) and polyketide glycosides (salidroside, polydatin).
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He M, Zhai Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Yu S, Wei Y, Xiao H, Song Y. Inhibition of α-glucosidase by trilobatin and its mechanism: kinetics, interaction mechanism and molecular docking. Food Funct 2022; 13:857-866. [PMID: 34989743 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03636j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase is related to the increase in postprandial blood glucose in vivo. Inhibition of α-glucosidase is supposed to be an effective approach to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Trilobatin, a member of the dihydrochalcone family, shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. In this study, the inhibitory activity and mechanism of trilobatin on α-glucosidase were investigated using multispectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. The kinetic analysis showed that trilobatin reversibly inhibited α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive-type manner and the value of IC50 was 0.24 ± 0.02 mM. The analysis of fluorescence spectra demonstrated that the formation of the trilobatin-α-glucosidase complex was driven mainly by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, resulting in the conformational changes of α-glucosidase. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) measurements suggested that the interaction could change the micro-environment and conformation of α-glucosidase affected by trilobatin. Molecular docking analysis determined the exact binding sites of trilobatin on α-glucosidase. These results indicated that trilobatin is a strong α-glucosidase inhibitor, thus it could be conducive to ameliorate T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
| | - Yuhan Zhai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
| | - Shuo Xu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
| | - Shaoxuan Yu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
| | - Yingxin Wei
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
| | - Haifang Xiao
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
| | - Yuanda Song
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255049, China.
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Nawade B, Yahyaa M, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Lewinsohn E, Ibdah M. Optimization of Culture Conditions for the Efficient Biosynthesis of Trilobatin from Phloretin by Engineered Escherichia coli Harboring the Apple Phloretin-4'- O-glycosyltransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14212-14220. [PMID: 33089679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trilobatin, a dihydrochalcone glucoside and natural sweetener, has diverse biological and therapeutic properties. In the present study, we developed a microbial system to produce trilobatin from phloretin using Escherichia coli (E. coli) overexpressing the phloretin-4'-O-glycosyltransferase from Malus x domestica Borkh. Various optimization strategies were employed for the efficient production of trilobatin using a one-factor-at-a-time method. The effect of UDP-glucose supplementation, substrate, and inducer concentrations, time of substrate feeding as well as protein induction, and different culture media combinations were evaluated and optimized to enhance the production of trilobatin. As a result, the highest trilobatin production, 246.83 μM (107.64 mg L-1), was obtained with an LB-TB medium combination, 22 h of induction with 0.1 mM IPTG followed by 4 h of feeding with 250 μM phloretin and without extracellular UDP-glucose supplementation. These results demonstrate the efficient production of trilobatin and constitute a promising foundation for large-scale production of the dihydrochalcone glycosides in engineered E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Nawade
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Mosaab Yahyaa
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | | | | | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
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Regioselective Biotransformation of Phloretin Using Streptomyces avermitilis MA4680. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Mestrom L, Przypis M, Kowalczykiewicz D, Pollender A, Kumpf A, Marsden SR, Bento I, Jarzębski AB, Szymańska K, Chruściel A, Tischler D, Schoevaart R, Hanefeld U, Hagedoorn PL. Leloir Glycosyltransferases in Applied Biocatalysis: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215263. [PMID: 31652818 PMCID: PMC6861944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are nature’s catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require extensive use of laborious protection group manipulations and often lack regio- and stereoselectivity. The application of Leloir glycosyltransferases has received considerable attention in recent years and offers excellent control over the reactivity and selectivity of glycosylation reactions with unprotected carbohydrates, paving the way for previously inaccessible synthetic routes. The development of nucleotide recycling cascades has allowed for the efficient production and reuse of nucleotide sugar donors in robust one-pot multi-enzyme glycosylation cascades. In this way, large glycans and glycoconjugates with complex stereochemistry can be constructed. With recent advances, LeLoir glycosyltransferases are close to being applied industrially in multi-enzyme, programmable cascade glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Mestrom
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Przypis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Daria Kowalczykiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - André Pollender
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Kumpf
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Marsden
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabel Bento
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestraβe 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrzej B Jarzębski
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Rob Schoevaart
- ChiralVision, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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12
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Elejalde-Palmett C, Billet K, Lanoue A, De Craene JO, Glévarec G, Pichon O, Clastre M, Courdavault V, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Dugé de Bernonville T, Besseau S. Genome-wide identification and biochemical characterization of the UGT88F subfamily in Malus x domestica Borkh. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:135-144. [PMID: 30399496 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT88F subfamily has been described first in Malus x domestica with the characterization of UGT88F1. Up to now UGT88F1 was one of the most active UGT glycosylating dihydrochalcones in vitro. The involvement of UGT88F1 in phloridzin (phloretin 2'-O-glucoside) synthesis, the main apple tree dihydrochalcone, was further confirmed in planta. Since the characterization of UGT88F1, this new UGT subfamily has been poorly studied probably because it seemed restricted to Maloideae. In the present study, we investigate the apple tree genome to identify and biochemically characterize the whole UGT88F subfamily. The apple tree genome contains five full-length UGT88F genes out of which three newly identified members (UGT88F6, UGT88F7 and UGT88F8) and a pseudogene. These genes are organized into two genomic clusters resulting from the recent global genomic duplication event in the apple tree. We show that recombinant UGT88F8 protein specifically glycosylates phloretin in the 2'OH position to synthetize phloridzin in vitro and was therefore named UDP-glucose: phloretin 2'-O-glycosyltransferase. The Km values of UGT88F8 are 7.72 μM and 10.84 μM for phloretin and UDP-glucose respectively and are in the same range as UGT88F1 catalytic parameters thus constituting two isoforms. Co-expression patterns of both UGT88F1 and UGT88F8 argue for a redundant function in phloridzin biosynthesis in planta. Contrastingly, recombinant UGT88F6 protein is able to glycosylate in vitro a wide range of flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones, although flavonols are the preferred substrates, e.g. Km value for kaempferol is 2.1 μM. Depending on the flavonoid, glycosylation occurs at least on the 3-OH and 7-OH positions. Therefore UGT88F6 corresponds to an UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3/7-O-glycosyltransferase. Finally, a molecular modeling study highlights a very high substitution rate of residues in the acceptor binding pocket between UGT88F8 and UGT88F6 which is responsible for the enzymes divergence in substrate and regiospecificity, despite an overall high protein homology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kévin Billet
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Johan-Owen De Craene
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Pichon
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France.
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13
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Ibdah M, Martens S, Gang DR. Biosynthetic Pathway and Metabolic Engineering of Plant Dihydrochalcones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2273-2280. [PMID: 29171271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrochalcones are plant natural products containing the phenylpropanoid backbone and derived from the plant-specific phenylpropanoid pathway. Dihydrochalcone compounds are important in plant growth and response to stresses and, thus, can have large impacts on agricultural activity. In recent years, these compounds have also received increased attention from the biomedical community for their potential as anticancer treatments and other benefits for human health. However, they are typically produced at relatively low levels in plants. Therefore, an attractive alternative is to express the plant biosynthetic pathway genes in microbial hosts and to engineer the metabolic pathway/host to improve the production of these metabolites. In the present review, we discuss in detail the functions of genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the dihydrochalcones and the recent strategies and achievements used in the reconstruction of multi-enzyme pathways in microorganisms in efforts to be able to attain higher amounts of desired dihydrochalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwafaq Ibdah
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center , Agriculture Research Organization , Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
| | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione , Fondazione Edmund Mach , Via E. Mach 1 , 38010 San Michele all'Adige , Trentino , Italy
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry , Washington State University , Post Office Box 646340, Pullman , Washington 99164-6340 , United States
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14
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Zhou K, Hu L, Li P, Gong X, Ma F. Genome-wide identification of glycosyltransferases converting phloretin to phloridzin in Malus species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 265:131-145. [PMID: 29223335 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phloridzin (phloretin 2'-O-glucoside) is the most abundant phenolic compound in Malus species, accounting for up to 18% of the dry weight in leaves. Glycosylation of phloretin at the 2' position is the last and key step in phloridzin biosynthesis. It is catalyzed by a uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose:phloretin 2'-O-glucosyltransferase (P2'GT), which directly determines the concentration of phloridzin. However, this process is poorly understood. We conducted a large-scale investigation of phloridzin accumulations in leaves from 64 Malus species and cultivars. To identify the responsible P2'GT, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the expression patterns of UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase genes (UGTs). Two candidates were screened preliminarily in Malus spp. cv. Adams (North American Begonia). Results from further qRT-PCR analyses of the genotypes showed a divergence in phloridzin production. Our assays of enzyme activity also suggested that MdUGT88F4 and MdUGT88F1 regulate the conversion of phloretin to phloridzin in Malus plants. Finally, when they were silenced in 'GL-3' ('Royal Gala'), the concentrations of phloridzin and phloretin (and trilobatin) were significantly reduced and increased, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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15
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Eichenberger M, Lehka BJ, Folly C, Fischer D, Martens S, Simón E, Naesby M. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for de novo production of dihydrochalcones with known antioxidant, antidiabetic, and sweet tasting properties. Metab Eng 2016; 39:80-89. [PMID: 27810393 PMCID: PMC5249241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrochalcones are plant secondary metabolites comprising molecules of significant commercial interest as antioxidants, antidiabetics, or sweeteners. To date, their heterologous biosynthesis in microorganisms has been achieved only by precursor feeding or as minor by-products in strains engineered for flavonoid production. Here, the native ScTSC13 was overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase its side activity in reducing p-coumaroyl-CoA to p-dihydrocoumaroyl-CoA. De novo production of phloretin, the first committed dihydrochalcone, was achieved by co-expression of additional relevant pathway enzymes. Naringenin, a major by-product of the initial pathway, was practically eliminated by using a chalcone synthase from barley with unexpected substrate specificity. By further extension of the pathway from phloretin with decorating enzymes with known specificities for dihydrochalcones, and by exploiting substrate flexibility of enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, de novo production of the antioxidant molecule nothofagin, the antidiabetic molecule phlorizin, the sweet molecule naringin dihydrochalcone, and 3-hydroxyphloretin was achieved. De novo biosynthesis of phloretin in S. cerevisiae. De novo pathway extended to various dihydrochalcones of commercial interest. A barley CHS exhibits very high specificity for phloretin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eichenberger
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Beata Joanna Lehka
- Evolva Biotech A/S, Lersø Parkallé 42, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - David Fischer
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Ernesto Simón
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Naesby
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland.
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