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Yang G, Sun M, Brewer L, Tang Z, Nieuwenhuizen N, Cooney J, Xu S, Sheng J, Andre C, Xue C, Rebstock R, Yang B, Chang W, Liu Y, Li J, Wang R, Qin M, Brendolise C, Allan AC, Espley RV, Lin-Wang K, Wu J. Allelic variation of BBX24 is a dominant determinant controlling red coloration and dwarfism in pear. Plant Biotechnol J 2024. [PMID: 38169146 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Variation in anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear fruit provides genetic germplasm resources for breeding, while dwarfing is an important agronomic trait, which is beneficial to reduce the management costs and allow for the implementation of high-density cultivation. Here, we combined bulked segregant analysis (BSA), quantitative trait loci (QTL), and structural variation (SV) analysis to identify a 14-bp deletion which caused a frame shift mutation and resulted in the premature translation termination of a B-box (BBX) family of zinc transcription factor, PyBBX24, and its allelic variation termed PyBBX24ΔN14 . PyBBX24ΔN14 overexpression promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear, strawberry, Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato, while that of PyBBX24 did not. PyBBX24ΔN14 directly activates the transcription of PyUFGT and PyMYB10 through interaction with PyHY5. Moreover, stable overexpression of PyBBX24ΔN14 exhibits a dwarfing phenotype in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato plants. PyBBX24ΔN14 can activate the expression of PyGA2ox8 via directly binding to its promoter, thereby deactivating bioactive GAs and reducing the plant height. However, the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and Valine-Proline (VP) motifs in the C-terminus of PyBBX24 reverse these effects. Interestingly, mutations leading to premature termination of PyBBX24 were also identified in red sports of un-related European pear varieties. We conclude that mutations in PyBBX24 gene link both an increase in pigmentation and a decrease in plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lester Brewer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zikai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Niels Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shaozhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christelle Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bo Yang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wenjing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengfan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cyril Brendolise
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Bennett J, Meiyalaghan S, Nguyen HM, Boldingh H, Cooney J, Elborough C, Araujo LD, Barrell P, Lin-Wang K, Plunkett BJ, Martin D, Espley RV. Exogenous abscisic acid and sugar induce a cascade of ripening events associated with anthocyanin accumulation in cultured Pinot Noir grape berries. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1324675. [PMID: 38186606 PMCID: PMC10768192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Fruit quality is dependent on various factors including flavour, texture and colour. These factors are determined by the ripening process, either climacteric or non-climacteric. In grape berry, which is non-climacteric, the process is signalled by a complex set of hormone changes. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the key hormones involved in ripening, while sugar availability also plays a significant role in certain ripening aspects such as anthocyanin production. To understand the relative influence of hormone and sugar signalling in situ can prove problematic due to the physiological and environmental (abiotic and biotic) factors at play in vineyards. Here we report on the use of in vitro detached berry culture to investigate the comparative significance of ABA and sugar in the regulation of Pinot noir berry anthocyanin production under controlled conditions. Using a factorial experimental design, pre-véraison berries were cultured on media with various concentrations of sucrose and ABA. After 15 days of in vitro culture, the berries were analysed for changes in metabolites, hormones and gene expression. Results illustrated a stimulatory effect of sucrose and ABA on enhancing berry colour and a corresponding increase in anthocyanins. Increased ABA concentration was able to boost anthocyanin production in berries when sucrose supply was low. The sucrose and ABA effects on berry anthocyanins were primarily manifested through the up-regulation of transcription factors and other genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, while in other parts of the pathway a down-regulation of key proanthocyanindin transcription factors and genes corresponded to sharp reduction in berry proanthocyanidins, irrespective of sucrose supply. Similarly, increased ABA was correlated with a significant reduction in berry malic acid and associated regulatory genes. These findings suggest a predominance of berry ABA over berry sugar in coordinating the physiological and genetic regulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanins in Pinot noir grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Bennett
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Meiyalaghan
- Premium Crops & Technology, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Han M. Nguyen
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen Boldingh
- Fruit Crops Physiology, Biological Chemistry & Bioactives, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- Fruit Crops Physiology, Biological Chemistry & Bioactives, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Elborough
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leandro Dias Araujo
- Department of Wine Food & Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Philippa Barrell
- Premium Crops & Technology, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue J. Plunkett
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Damian Martin
- Viticulture & Oenology, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Espley RV, Jaakola L. The role of environmental stress in fruit pigmentation. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:3663-3679. [PMID: 37555620 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
For many fruit crops, the colour of the fruit outwardly defines its eating quality. Fruit pigments provide reproductive advantage for the plant as well as providing protection against unfavourable environmental conditions and pathogens. For consumers these colours are considered attractive and provide many of the dietary benefits derived from fruits. In the majority of species, the main pigments are either carotenoids and/or anthocyanins. They are produced in the fruit as part of the ripening process, orchestrated by phytohormones and an ensuing transcriptional cascade, culminating in pigment biosynthesis. Whilst this is a controlled developmental process, the production of pigments is also attuned to environmental conditions such as light quantity and quality, availability of water and ambient temperature. If these factors intensify to stress levels, fruit tissues respond by increasing (or ceasing) pigment production. In many cases, if the stress is not severe, this can have a positive outcome for fruit quality. Here, we focus on the principal environmental factors (light, temperature and water) that can influence fruit colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard V Espley
- Department of New Cultivar Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
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4
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Yocca AE, Platts A, Alger E, Teresi S, Mengist MF, Benevenuto J, Ferrão LFV, Jacobs M, Babinski M, Magallanes-Lundback M, Bayer P, Golicz A, Humann JL, Main D, Espley RV, Chagné D, Albert NW, Montanari S, Vorsa N, Polashock J, Díaz-Garcia L, Zalapa J, Bassil NV, Munoz PR, Iorizzo M, Edger PP. Blueberry and cranberry pangenomes as a resource for future genetic studies and breeding efforts. Hortic Res 2023; 10:uhad202. [PMID: 38023484 PMCID: PMC10673653 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Domestication of cranberry and blueberry began in the United States in the early 1800s and 1900s, respectively, and in part owing to their flavors and health-promoting benefits are now cultivated and consumed worldwide. The industry continues to face a wide variety of production challenges (e.g. disease pressures), as well as a demand for higher-yielding cultivars with improved fruit quality characteristics. Unfortunately, molecular tools to help guide breeding efforts for these species have been relatively limited compared with those for other high-value crops. Here, we describe the construction and analysis of the first pangenome for both blueberry and cranberry. Our analysis of these pangenomes revealed both crops exhibit great genetic diversity, including the presence-absence variation of 48.4% genes in highbush blueberry and 47.0% genes in cranberry. Auxiliary genes, those not shared by all cultivars, are significantly enriched with molecular functions associated with disease resistance and the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, including compounds previously associated with improving fruit quality traits. The discovery of thousands of genes, not present in the previous reference genomes for blueberry and cranberry, will serve as the basis of future research and as potential targets for future breeding efforts. The pangenome, as a multiple-sequence alignment, as well as individual annotated genomes, are publicly available for analysis on the Genome Database for Vaccinium-a curated and integrated web-based relational database. Lastly, the core-gene predictions from the pangenomes will serve useful to develop a community genotyping platform to guide future molecular breeding efforts across the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Yocca
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Adrian Platts
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Elizabeth Alger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Scott Teresi
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Molla F Mengist
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC United States
| | - Juliana Benevenuto
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Luis Felipe V Ferrão
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - MacKenzie Jacobs
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Michal Babinski
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | | | - Philipp Bayer
- University of Western Australia, Perth 6009Australia
| | | | - Jodi L Humann
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, United States
| | - Dorrie Main
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, United States
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston, New Zealand
| | - Sara Montanari
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- SEBS, Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 01019United States
| | - James Polashock
- SEBS, Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 01019United States
| | - Luis Díaz-Garcia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Juan Zalapa
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Nahla V Bassil
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
| | - Patricio R Munoz
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NCUnited States
- Department of Horticulture, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NCUnited States
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
- MSU AgBioResearch, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
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5
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Yocca AE, Platts A, Alger E, Teresi S, Mengist MF, Benevenuto J, Ferrão LFV, Jacobs M, Babinski M, Magallanes-Lundback M, Bayer P, Golicz A, Humann JL, Main D, Espley RV, Chagné D, Albert NW, Montanari S, Vorsa N, Polashock J, Díaz-Garcia L, Zalapa J, Bassil NV, Munoz PR, Iorizzo M, Edger PP. Blueberry and cranberry pangenomes as a resource for future genetic studies and breeding efforts. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.31.551392. [PMID: 37577683 PMCID: PMC10418200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Domestication of cranberry and blueberry began in the United States in the early 1800s and 1900s, respectively, and in part owing to their flavors and health-promoting benefits are now cultivated and consumed worldwide. The industry continues to face a wide variety of production challenges (e.g. disease pressures) as well as a demand for higher-yielding cultivars with improved fruit quality characteristics. Unfortunately, molecular tools to help guide breeding efforts for these species have been relatively limited compared with those for other high-value crops. Here, we describe the construction and analysis of the first pangenome for both blueberry and cranberry. Our analysis of these pangenomes revealed both crops exhibit great genetic diversity, including the presence-absence variation of 48.4% genes in highbush blueberry and 47.0% genes in cranberry. Auxiliary genes, those not shared by all cultivars, are significantly enriched with molecular functions associated with disease resistance and the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, including compounds previously associated with improving fruit quality traits. The discovery of thousands of genes, not present in the previous reference genomes for blueberry and cranberry, will serve as the basis of future research and as potential targets for future breeding efforts. The pangenome, as a multiple-sequence alignment, as well as individual annotated genomes, are publicly available for analysis on the Genome Database for Vaccinium - a curated and integrated web-based relational database. Lastly, the core-gene predictions from the pangenomes will serve useful to develop a community genotyping platform to guide future molecular breeding efforts across the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Yocca
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Adrian Platts
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Elizabeth Alger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Scott Teresi
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Molla F. Mengist
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
| | - Juliana Benevenuto
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luis Felipe V. Ferrão
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - MacKenzie Jacobs
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michal Babinski
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Philipp Bayer
- University of Western Australia, Perth 6009 Australia
| | | | - Jodi L Humann
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Dorrie Main
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston, New Zealand
| | - Sara Montanari
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- SEBS, Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 01019 USA
| | - James Polashock
- SEBS, Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 01019 USA
| | - Luis Díaz-Garcia
- USDA-ARS, VCRU, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Juan Zalapa
- USDA-ARS, VCRU, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nahla V. Bassil
- USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Patricio R. Munoz
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
- Department of Horticulture, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
| | - Patrick P. Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU AgBioResearch, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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6
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Albert NW, Iorizzo M, Mengist MF, Montanari S, Zalapa J, Maule A, Edger PP, Yocca AE, Platts AE, Pucker B, Espley RV. Vaccinium as a comparative system for understanding of complex flavonoid accumulation profiles and regulation in fruit. Plant Physiol 2023:7147756. [PMID: 37129240 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) contains premium berryfruit crops including blueberry, cranberry, bilberry and lingonberry. Consumption of Vaccinium berries is strongly associated with various potential health and many of these benefits are attributed to the relatively high concentrations of flavonoids, including the anthocyanins that provide the attractive red and blue berry colours. Since these phytochemicals are increasingly appealing to consumers, they have become a crop breeding target. There has been substantial recent progress in Vaccinium genomics and genetics together with new functional data on the transcriptional regulation of flavonoids. This is helping to unravel the developmental control of flavonoids and to identify genetic regions and genes that can be selected for, to further improve Vaccinium crops, and advance our understanding of flavonoid regulation and biosynthesis across a broader range of fruit crops. In this update we consider the recent progress in understanding flavonoid regulation in fruit crops, using Vaccinium as an example, and highlighting the significant gains in both genomic tools and functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NCUSA
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCUSA
| | - Molla F Mengist
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NCUSA
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCUSA
| | | | - Juan Zalapa
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Andrew Maule
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NCUSA
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NCUSA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU AgBioResearch, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Alan E Yocca
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Adrian E Platts
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Boas Pucker
- Institute of Plant Biology & BRICS, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Nguyen HM, Putterill J, Dare AP, Plunkett BJ, Cooney J, Peng Y, Souleyre EJF, Albert NW, Espley RV, Günther CS. Two genes, ANS and UFGT2, from Vaccinium spp. are key steps for modulating anthocyanin production. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1082246. [PMID: 36818839 PMCID: PMC9933871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a major group of red to blue spectrum plant pigments with many consumer health benefits. Anthocyanins are derived from the flavonoid pathway and diversified by glycosylation and methylation, involving the concerted action of specific enzymes. Blueberry and bilberry (Vaccinium spp.) are regarded as 'superfruits' owing to their high content of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. While ripening-related anthocyanin production in bilberry (V. myrtillus) and blueberry (V. corymbosum) is regulated by the transcriptional activator MYBA1, the role of specific structural genes in determining the concentration and composition of anthocyanins has not been functionally elucidated. We isolated three candidate genes, CHALCONE SYNTHASE (VmCHS1), ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (VmANS) and UDP-GLUCOSE : FLAVONOID-3-O-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE (VcUFGT2), from Vaccinium, which were predominantly expressed in pigmented fruit skin tissue and showed high homology between bilberry and blueberry. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that overexpression of VcMYBA1 in combination with VmANS significantly increased anthocyanin concentration (3-fold). Overexpression of VmCHS1 showed no effect above that induced by VcMYBA1, while VcUFGT2 modulated anthocyanin composition to produce delphinidin-3-galactosylrhamnoside, not naturally produced in tobacco. In strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), combined transient overexpression of VcUFGT2 with a FLAVONOID 3´,5´-HYDROXYLASE from kiwifruit (Actinidia melanandra) modulated the anthocyanin profile to include galactosides and arabinosides of delphinidin and cyanidin, major anthocyanins in blueberry and bilberry. These findings provide insight into the role of the final steps of biosynthesis in modulating anthocyanin production in Vaccinium and may contribute to the targeted breeding of new cultivars with improved nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han M. Nguyen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue J. Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yongyan Peng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S. Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
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8
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Liu HN, Shu Q, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Allan AC, Pei MS, Li XL, Su J, Wu J. DNA methylation reprogramming provides insights into light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in red pear. Plant Sci 2023; 326:111499. [PMID: 36265764 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation, an epigenetic mark, is proposed to regulate plant anthocyanin biosynthesis. It well known that light induces anthocyanin accumulation, with bagging treatments commonly used to investigate light-controlled anthocyanin biosynthesis. We studied the DNA methylome landscape during pear skin coloration under various conditions (fruits re-exposed to sunlight after bag removal). The DNA methylation level in gene body/TE and its flanking sequence was generally similar between debagged and bagged treatments, however differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were re-modelled after light-exposure. Both DNA demethylase homologs and the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathways contributed to this re-distribution. A total of 310 DEGs were DMR-associated during light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis between debagged and bagged treatments. The hypomethylated mCHH context was seen within the promoter of PyUFGT, together with other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes (PyPAL, PyDFR and PyANS). This enhanced transcriptional activation and promoted anthocyanin accumulation after light re-exposure. Unlike previous reports on bud sports, we did not detect DMRs within the MYB10 promoter. Instead, we observed the genome-wide re-distribution of methylation patterns, suggesting different mechanisms underlying methylation patterns of differentially accumulated anthocyanins caused by either bud mutation or environment change. We investigate the dynamic landscape of genome-scale DNA methylation, which is the combined effect of DNA demethylation and RdDM pathway, in the process of light-induced fruit colour formation in pear. This process is regulated by methylation changes on promoter regions of several DEGs. These results provide a DMR-associated DEGs set and new insight into the mechanism of DNA methylation involved in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Nan Liu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Qun Shu
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Mao-Song Pei
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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9
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Miranda S, Lagrèze J, Knoll AS, Angeli A, Espley RV, Dare AP, Malnoy M, Martens S. De novo transcriptome assembly and functional analysis reveal a dihydrochalcone 3-hydroxylase(DHC3H) of wild Malus species that produces sieboldin in vivo. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1072765. [PMID: 36589107 PMCID: PMC9800874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sieboldin is a specialised secondary metabolite of the group of dihydrochalcones (DHC), found in high concentrations only in some wild Malus species, closely related to the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica L.). To date, the first committed step towards the biosynthesis of sieboldin remains unknown. In this study, we combined transcriptomic analysis and a de novo transcriptome assembly to identify two putative 3-hydroxylases in two wild Malus species (Malus toringo (K. Koch) Carriere syn. sieboldii Rehder, Malus micromalus Makino) whose DHC profile is dominated by sieboldin. We assessed the in vivo activity of putative candidates to produce 3-hydroxyphloretin and sieboldin by de novo production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that CYP98A proteins of wild Malus accessions (CYP98A195, M. toringo and CYP98A196, M. micromalus) were able to produce 3-hydroxyphloretin, ultimately leading to sieboldin accumulation by co-expression with PGT2. CYP98A197-198 genes of M. × domestica, however, were unable to hydroxylate phloretin in vivo. CYP98A195-196 proteins exerting 3-hydroxylase activity co-localised with an endoplasmic reticulum marker. CYP98A protein model from wild accessions showed mutations in key residues close to the ligand pocket predicted using phloretin for protein docking modelling. These mutations are located within known substrate recognition sites of cytochrome P450s, which could explain the acceptance of phloretin in CYP98A protein of wild accessions. Screening a Malus germplasm collection by HRM marker analysis for CYP98A genes identified three clusters that correspond to the alleles of domesticated and wild species. Moreover, CYP98A isoforms identified in M. toringo and M. micromalus correlate with the accumulation of sieboldin in other wild and hybrid Malus genotypes. Taken together, we provide the first evidence of an enzyme producing sieboldin in vivo that could be involved in the key hydroxylation step towards the synthesis of sieboldin in Malus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jorge Lagrèze
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Anne-Sophie Knoll
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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10
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Ampomah-Dwamena C, Tomes S, Thrimawithana AH, Elborough C, Bhargava N, Rebstock R, Sutherland P, Ireland H, Allan AC, Espley RV. Overexpression of PSY1 increases fruit skin and flesh carotenoid content and reveals associated transcription factors in apple ( Malus × domestica). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:967143. [PMID: 36186009 PMCID: PMC9520574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of the carotenoid metabolic pathway is still emerging and here, we have misexpressed a key biosynthetic gene in apple to highlight potential transcriptional regulators of this pathway. We overexpressed phytoene synthase (PSY1), which controls the key rate-limiting biosynthetic step, in apple and analyzed its effects in transgenic fruit skin and flesh using two approaches. Firstly, the effects of PSY overexpression on carotenoid accumulation and gene expression was assessed in fruit at different development stages. Secondly, the effect of light exclusion on PSY1-induced fruit carotenoid accumulation was examined. PSY1 overexpression increased carotenoid content in transgenic fruit skin and flesh, with beta-carotene being the most prevalent carotenoid compound. Light exclusion by fruit bagging reduced carotenoid content overall, but carotenoid content was still higher in bagged PSY fruit than in bagged controls. In tissues overexpressing PSY1, plastids showed accelerated chloroplast to chromoplast transition as well as high fluorescence intensity, consistent with increased number of chromoplasts and carotenoid accumulation. Surprisingly, the expression of other carotenoid pathway genes was elevated in PSY fruit, suggesting a feed-forward regulation of carotenogenesis when this enzyme step is mis-expressed. Transcriptome profiling of fruit flesh identified differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) that also were co-expressed with carotenoid pathway genes. A comparison of differentially expressed genes from both the developmental series and light exclusion treatment revealed six candidate TFs exhibiting strong correlation with carotenoid accumulation. This combination of physiological, transcriptomic and metabolite data sheds new light on plant carotenogenesis and TFs that may play a role in regulating apple carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Caitlin Elborough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
- BioLumic Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nitisha Bhargava
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Sutherland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Kang H, Zhang TT, Li YY, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Du YP, Guan QM, Ma FW, Hao YJ, You CX, Wang XF. The apple BTB protein MdBT2 positively regulates MdCOP1 abundance to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:305-318. [PMID: 35674376 PMCID: PMC9434159 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) plays a central role in light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, the upstream regulatory factors of COP1 remain poorly understood, particularly in horticultural plants. Here, we identified an MdCOP1-interacting protein, BROAD-COMPLEX, TRAMTRACK AND BRIC A BRAC2 (MdBT2), in apple (Malus domestica). MdBT2 is a BTB protein that directly interacts with and stabilizes MdCOP1 by inhibiting self-ubiquitination. Fluorescence observation and cell fractionation assays showed that MdBT2 increased the abundance of MdCOP1 in the nucleus. Moreover, a series of phenotypic analyses indicated that MdBT2 promoted MdCOP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of the MdMYB1 transcription factor, inhibiting the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and anthocyanin accumulation. Overall, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which MdBT2 positively regulates MdCOP1, providing insight into MdCOP1-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang-Ling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert, Auckland 92169, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert, Auckland 92169, New Zealand
| | - Yuan-Peng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qing-Mei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang-Ling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Feng-Wang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang-Ling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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12
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Wang WQ, Moss SMA, Zeng L, Espley RV, Wang T, Lin-Wang K, Fu BL, Schwinn KE, Allan AC, Yin XR. The red flesh of kiwifruit is differentially controlled by specific activation-repression systems. New Phytol 2022; 235:630-645. [PMID: 35348217 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are visual cues for pollination and seed dispersal. Fruit containing anthocyanins also appeals to consumers due to its appearance and health benefits. In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) studies have identified at least two MYB activators of anthocyanin, but their functions in fruit and the mechanisms by which they act are not fully understood. Here, transcriptome and small RNA high-throughput sequencing were used to comprehensively identify contributors to anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit. Stable overexpression in vines showed that both 35S::MYB10 and MYB110 can upregulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Actinidia chinensis fruit, and that MYB10 overexpression resulted in anthocyanin accumulation which was limited to the inner pericarp, suggesting that repressive mechanisms underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in this species. Furthermore, motifs in the C-terminal region of MYB10/110 were shown to be responsible for the strength of activation of the anthocyanic response. Transient assays showed that both MYB10 and MYB110 were not directly cleaved by miRNAs, but that miR828 and its phased small RNA AcTAS4-D4(-) efficiently targeted MYB110. Other miRNAs were identified, which were differentially expressed between the inner and outer pericarp, and cleavage of SPL13, ARF16, SCL6 and F-box1, all of which are repressors of MYB10, was observed. We conclude that it is the differential expression and subsequent repression of MYB activators that is responsible for variation in anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sarah M A Moss
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bei-Ling Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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13
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Lafferty DJ, Espley RV, Deng CH, Dare AP, Günther CS, Jaakola L, Karppinen K, Boase MR, Wang L, Luo H, Allan AC, Albert NW. The Coordinated Action of MYB Activators and Repressors Controls Proanthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Vaccinium. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:910155. [PMID: 35812927 PMCID: PMC9263919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinium berries are regarded as "superfoods" owing to their high concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoid metabolites that provide pigmentation and positively affect human health. Anthocyanin localization differs between the fruit of cultivated highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum) and wild bilberry (V. myrtillus), with the latter having deep red flesh coloration. Analysis of comparative transcriptomics across a developmental series of blueberry and bilberry fruit skin and flesh identified candidate anthocyanin regulators responsible for this distinction. This included multiple activator and repressor transcription factors (TFs) that correlated strongly with anthocyanin production and had minimal expression in blueberry (non-pigmented) flesh. R2R3 MYB TFs appeared key to the presence and absence of anthocyanin-based pigmentation; MYBA1 and MYBPA1.1 co-activated the pathway while MYBC2.1 repressed it. Transient overexpression of MYBA1 in Nicotiana benthamiana strongly induced anthocyanins, but this was substantially reduced when co-infiltrated with MYBC2.1. Co-infiltration of MYBC2.1 with MYBA1 also reduced activation of DFR and UFGT, key anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, in promoter activation studies. We demonstrated that these TFs operate within a regulatory hierarchy where MYBA1 activated the promoters of MYBC2.1 and bHLH2. Stable overexpression of VcMYBA1 in blueberry elevated anthocyanin content in transgenic plants, indicating that MYBA1 is sufficient to upregulate the TF module and activate the pathway. Our findings identify TF activators and repressors that are hierarchically regulated by SG6 MYBA1, and fine-tune anthocyanin production in Vaccinium. The lack of this TF module in blueberry flesh results in an absence of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan J. Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H. Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S. Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Murray R. Boase
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lei Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Henry Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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14
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Edger PP, Iorizzo M, Bassil NV, Benevenuto J, Ferrão LFV, Giongo L, Hummer K, Lawas LMF, Leisner CP, Li C, Munoz PR, Ashrafi H, Atucha A, Babiker EM, Canales E, Chagné D, DeVetter L, Ehlenfeldt M, Espley RV, Gallardo K, Günther CS, Hardigan M, Hulse-Kemp AM, Jacobs M, Lila MA, Luby C, Main D, Mengist MF, Owens GL, Perkins-Veazie P, Polashock J, Pottorff M, Rowland LJ, Sims CA, Song GQ, Spencer J, Vorsa N, Yocca AE, Zalapa J. There and back again; historical perspective and future directions for Vaccinium breeding and research studies. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac083. [PMID: 35611183 PMCID: PMC9123236 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) contains a wide diversity of culturally and economically important berry crop species. Consumer demand and scientific research in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) have increased worldwide over the crops' relatively short domestication history (~100 years). Other species, including bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), and ohelo berry (Vaccinium reticulatum) are largely still harvested from the wild but with crop improvement efforts underway. Here, we present a review article on these Vaccinium berry crops on topics that span taxonomy to genetics and genomics to breeding. We highlight the accomplishments made thus far for each of these crops, along their journey from the wild, and propose research areas and questions that will require investments by the community over the coming decades to guide future crop improvement efforts. New tools and resources are needed to underpin the development of superior cultivars that are not only more resilient to various environmental stresses and higher yielding, but also produce fruit that continue to meet a variety of consumer preferences, including fruit quality and health related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- MSU AgBioResearch, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Nahla V Bassil
- USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Juliana Benevenuto
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luis Felipe V Ferrão
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lara Giongo
- Fondazione Edmund Mach - Research and Innovation CentreItaly
| | - Kim Hummer
- USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Lovely Mae F Lawas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Courtney P Leisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Changying Li
- Phenomics and Plant Robotics Center, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Patricio R Munoz
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hamid Ashrafi
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Amaya Atucha
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ebrahiem M Babiker
- USDA-ARS Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, MS 39470-0287, USA
| | - Elizabeth Canales
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lisa DeVetter
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon, WA, 98221, USA
| | - Mark Ehlenfeldt
- SEBS, Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 01019 USA
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karina Gallardo
- School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA 98371, USA
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Michael Hardigan
- USDA-ARS, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Amanda M Hulse-Kemp
- USDA-ARS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - MacKenzie Jacobs
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
| | - Claire Luby
- USDA-ARS, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Dorrie Main
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Molla F Mengist
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | | | - James Polashock
- SEBS, Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 01019 USA
| | - Marti Pottorff
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC USA
| | - Lisa J Rowland
- USDA-ARS, Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Charles A Sims
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Guo-qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jessica Spencer
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- SEBS, Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick NJ 01019 USA
| | - Alan E Yocca
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Juan Zalapa
- USDA-ARS, VCRU, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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15
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Lafferty DJ, Espley RV, Deng CH, Günther CS, Plunkett B, Turner JL, Jaakola L, Karppinen K, Allan AC, Albert NW. Hierarchical regulation of MYBPA1 by anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-related MYB proteins is conserved in Vaccinium species. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:1344-1356. [PMID: 34664645 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Vaccinium genus bear fruits rich in anthocyanins, a class of red-purple flavonoid pigments that provide human health benefits, although the localization and concentrations of anthocyanins differ between species: blueberry (V. corymbosum) has white flesh, while bilberry (V. myrtillus) has red flesh. Comparative transcriptomics between blueberry and bilberry revealed that MYBPA1.1 and MYBA1 strongly correlated with the presence of anthocyanins, but were absent or weakly expressed in blueberry flesh. MYBPA1.1 had a biphasic expression profile, correlating with both proanthocyanidin biosynthesis early during fruit development and anthocyanin biosynthesis during berry ripening. MYBPA1.1 was unable to induce anthocyanin or proanthocyanidin accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana, but activated promoters of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. The MYBPA1.1 promoter is directly activated by MYBA1 and MYBPA2 proteins, which regulate anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, respectively. Our findings suggest that the lack of VcMYBA1 expression in blueberry flesh results in an absence of VcMYBPA1.1 expression, which are both required for anthocyanin regulation. In contrast, VmMYBA1 is well expressed in bilberry flesh, up-regulating VmMYBPA1.1, allowing coordinated regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and anthocyanin accumulation. The hierarchal model described here for Vaccinium may also occur in a wider group of plants as a means to co-regulate different branches of the flavonoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan J Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janice L Turner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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16
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Ding T, Tomes S, Gleave AP, Zhang H, Dare AP, Plunkett B, Espley RV, Luo Z, Zhang R, Allan AC, Zhou Z, Wang H, Wu M, Dong H, Liu C, Liu J, Yan Z, Yao JL. microRNA172 targets APETALA2 to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in apple (Malus domestica). Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhab007. [PMID: 35039839 PMCID: PMC8846330 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA172 (miR172) plays a role in regulating a diverse range of plant developmental processes, including flowering, fruit development and nodulation. However, its role in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis is unclear. In this study, we show that transgenic apple plants over-expressing miR172 show a reduction in red coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in various tissue types. This reduction was consistent with decreased expression of APETALA2 homolog MdAP2_1a (a miR172 target gene), MdMYB10, and targets of MdMYB10, as demonstrated by both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses. The positive role of MdAP2_1a in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis was supported by the enhanced petal anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing MdAP2_1a, and by the reduction in anthocyanin accumulation in apple and cherry fruits transfected with an MdAP2_1a virus-induced-gene-silencing construct. We demonstrated that MdAP2_1a could bind directly to the promoter and protein sequences of MdMYB10 in yeast and tobacco, and enhance MdMYB10 promotor activity. In Arabidopsis, over-expression of miR172 reduced flavonoid (including anthocyanins and flavonols) concentration and RNA transcript abundance of flavonoid genes in plantlets cultured on medium containing 7% sucrose. The anthocyanin content and RNA abundance of anthocyanin genes could be partially restored by using a synonymous mutant of MdAP2_1a, which had lost the miR172 target sequences at mRNA level, but not restored by using a WT MdAP2_1a. These results indicate that miR172 inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis through suppressing the expression of an AP2 transcription factor that positively regulates MdMYB10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of
Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong
Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Yan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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17
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Fang ZZ, Lin-Wang K, Dai H, Zhou DR, Jiang CC, Espley RV, Deng C, Lin YJ, Pan SL, Ye XF. The genome of low-chill Chinese plum 'Sanyueli' (Prunus salicina Lindl.) provides insights into the regulation of the chilling requirement of flower buds. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:1919-1938. [PMID: 35032338 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is a stone fruit that belongs to the Prunus genus and plays an important role in the global production of plum. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the Chinese plum 'Sanyueli', which is known to have a low-chill requirement for flower bud break. The assembled genome size was 282.38 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.37 Mb. Over 99% of the assembly was anchored to eight pseudochromosomes, with a scaffold N50 of 34.46Mb. A total of 29,708 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome and 46.85% (132.32 Mb) of the genome was annotated as repetitive sequence. Bud dormancy is influenced by chilling requirement in plum and partly controlled by DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes. Six tandemly arrayed PsDAM genes were identified in the assembled genome. Sequence analysis of PsDAM6 in 'Sanyueli' revealed the presence of large insertions in the intron and exon regions. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression of PsDAM6 in the dormant flower buds of 'Sanyueli' was significantly lower than that in the dormant flower buds of the high chill requiring 'Furongli' plum. In addition, the expression of PsDAM6 was repressed by chilling treatment. The genome sequence of 'Sanyueli' plum provides a valuable resource for elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of chilling requirements, and it is also useful for the identification of the genes involved in the control of other important agronomic traits and molecular breeding in plum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhen Fang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - He Dai
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Dan-Rong Zhou
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Cui-Cui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Yan-Juan Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Shao-Lin Pan
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
| | - Xin-Fu Ye
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China.,Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350013, China
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18
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Samkumar A, Karppinen K, McGhie TK, Espley RV, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Flavonoid biosynthesis is differentially altered in detached and attached ripening bilberries in response to spectral light quality. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:969934. [PMID: 35937358 PMCID: PMC9355381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Light spectral quality is known to affect flavonoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. However, the response of fruits to different light conditions, when ripening autonomously from the parent plant (detached), has been less explored. In this study, we analyzed the effect of light quality on detached and naturally ripening (attached) non-climacteric wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits accumulating high amounts of anthocyanins and flavonols. Our results indicated contrasting responses for the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the berries in response to red and blue light treatments. For detached berries, supplemental blue light resulted in the highest accumulation of anthocyanins, while naturally ripening berries had elevated accumulation under supplemental red light treatment. Both red and blue supplemental light increased the expression levels of all the major structural genes of the flavonoid pathway during ripening. Notably, the key regulatory gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, VmMYBA1, was found to express fivefold higher under blue light treatment in the detached berries compared to the control. The red light treatment of naturally ripening berries selectively increased the delphinidin branch of anthocyanins, whereas in detached berries, blue light increased other anthocyanin classes along with delphinidins. In addition, red and far-red light had a positive influence on the accumulation of flavonols, especially quercetin and myricetin glycoside derivatives, in both ripening conditions. Our results of differential light effects on attached and detached berries, which lacks signaling from the mother plant, provide new insights in understanding the light-mediated regulatory mechanisms in non-climacteric fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Amos Samkumar,
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tony K. McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Inger Martinussen
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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19
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Zhang YL, Lin-Wang K, Albert NW, Elborough C, Espley RV, Andre CM, Fang ZZ. Identification of a Strong Anthocyanin Activator, VbMYBA, From Berries of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:697212. [PMID: 34938303 PMCID: PMC8685453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wufanshu (Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.), which is a wild member of the genus Vaccinium, accumulates high concentration of anthocyanin in its berries. In this study, the accumulated anthocyanins and their derivatives in Wufanshu berries were identified through UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were identified from the transcriptome of Wufanshu berries. qRT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of anthocyanin structural genes correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in berries. The R2R3-MYB, VbMYBA, which is a homolog of anthocyanin promoting R2R3-MYBs from other Vaccinium species, was also identified. Transient expression of VbMYBA in Nicotiana tabacum leaves confirmed its role as an anthocyanin regulator, and produced a higher anthocyanin concentration when compared with blueberry VcMYBA expression. Dual-luciferase assays further showed that VbMYBA can activate the DFR and UFGT promoters from other Vaccinium species. VbMYBA has an additional 23 aa at the N terminus compared with blueberry VcMYBA, but this was shown not to affect the ability to regulate anthocyanins. Taken together, our results provide important information on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the high anthocyanin content in Wufanshu berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Zhang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Elborough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christelle M. Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Zhen Fang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Dare AP, Günther CS, Grey AC, Guo G, Demarais NJ, Cordiner S, McGhie TK, Boldingh H, Hunt M, Deng C, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Espley RV. Resolving the developmental distribution patterns of polyphenols and related primary metabolites in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit. Food Chem 2021; 374:131703. [PMID: 34902814 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a commercially important wild berry species, which accumulates high amounts of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, in the skin and flesh. Whilst a number of studies have quantified these phytochemicals in intact ripe bilberry fruit, we extend the current knowledge by investigating the spatial distribution of anthocyanin-associated polyphenols in fruit tissue, and study their links with primary metabolism during ripening. To address this, we used LC-MS and mass spectrometry imaging to measure and map primary and secondary metabolites in fruit. Correlation analysis showed that five sugars displayed strong positive correlations with anthocyanin accumulation, whereas all amino acids were negatively correlated. The accumulation patterns of polyphenols correlated in fruit skin and flesh, but altered with development. Finally, spatial segmentation analysis revealed that the chemical signatures of ripening first appear at defined regions under the skin and rapidly expand to encompass the entire fruit at the eating-ripe stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - George Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Demarais
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Cordiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen Boldingh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Rd, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Martin Hunt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Liu H, Shu Q, Lin-Wang K, Allan AC, Espley RV, Su J, Pei M, Wu J. The PyPIF5-PymiR156a-PySPL9-PyMYB114/MYB10 module regulates light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in red pear. Mol Hortic 2021; 1:14. [PMID: 37789406 PMCID: PMC10514999 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Some cultivars of pear (Pyrus L.) show attractive red fruit skin due to anthocyanin accumulation. This pigmentation can be affected by environmental conditions, especially light. To explore the light-induced regulation network for anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration in pear, small RNA libraries and mRNA libraries from fruit skins of 'Yunhongyihao' pear were constructed to compare the difference between bagging and debagging treatments. Analysis of RNA-seq of fruit skins with limited light (bagged) and exposed to light (debagged), showed that PyPIF5 was down-regulated after bag removal. PymiR156a was also differentially expressed between bagged and debagged fruit skins. We found that PyPIF5 negatively regulated PymiR156a expression in bagged fruits by directly binding to the G-box motif in its promoter. In addition, PymiR156a overexpression promoted anthocyanin accumulation in both pear skin and apple calli. We confirmed that PymiR156a mediated the cleavage of PySPL9, and that the target PySPL9 protein could form heterodimers with two key anthocyanin regulators (PyMYB114/PyMYB10). We proposed a new module of PyPIF5-PymiR156a-PySPL9-PyMYB114/MYB10. When the bagged fruits were re-exposed to light, PyPIF5 was down-regulated and its inhibitory effect on PymiR156a was weakened, which leads to degradation of the target PySPL, thus eliminating the blocking effect of PySPL on the formation of the regulatory MYB complexes. Ultimately, this promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Liu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Conservation, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Qun Shu
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Maosong Pei
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Conservation, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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22
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Karppinen K, Lafferty DJ, Albert NW, Mikkola N, McGhie T, Allan AC, Afzal BM, Häggman H, Espley RV, Jaakola L. MYBA and MYBPA transcription factors co-regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in blue-coloured berries. New Phytol 2021; 232:1350-1367. [PMID: 34351627 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory network of R2R3 MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis is not fully understood in blue-coloured berries containing delphinidin compounds. We used blue berries of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) to comprehensively characterise flavonoid-regulating R2R3 MYBs, which revealed a new type of co-regulation in anthocyanin biosynthesis between members of MYBA-, MYBPA1- and MYBPA2-subgroups. VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 expression was elevated at berry ripening and by abscisic acid treatment. Additionally, VmMYBA1 and VmMYBPA1.1 expression was strongly downregulated in a white berry mutant. Complementation and transient overexpression assays confirmed VmMYBA1 and VmMYBA2 to induce anthocyanin accumulation. Promoter activation assays showed that VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 had similar activity towards dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), but differential regulation activity for UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) promoters. Silencing of VmMYBPA1.1 in berries led to the downregulation of key anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis genes. Functional analyses of other MYBPA regulators, and a member of novel MYBPA3 subgroup, associated them with proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and F3'5'H expression. The existence of 18 flavonoid-regulating MYBs indicated gene duplication, which may have enabled functional diversification among MYBA, MYBPA1 and MYBPA2 subgroups. Our results provide new insights into the intricate regulation of the complex anthocyanin profile found in blue-coloured berries involving regulation of both cyanidin and delphinidin branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Declan J Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Nelli Mikkola
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Tony McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Bilal M Afzal
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, 1431, Norway
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23
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Samkumar A, Jones D, Karppinen K, Dare AP, Sipari N, Espley RV, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Red and blue light treatments of ripening bilberry fruits reveal differences in signalling through abscisic acid-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:3227-3245. [PMID: 34337774 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been shown to be influenced by light quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the light-mediated regulation of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the effects of supplemental red and blue light on the anthocyanin biosynthesis in non-climacteric bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). After 6 days of continuous irradiation during ripening, both red and blue light elevated concentration of anthocyanins, up to 12- and 4-folds, respectively, compared to the control. Transcriptomic analysis of ripening berries showed that both light treatments up-regulated all the major anthocyanin structural genes, the key regulatory MYB transcription factors and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes. However, higher induction of specific genes of anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis alongside ABA signal perception and metabolism were found in red light. The difference in red and blue light signalling was found in 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL) and catabolic ABA-8'hydroxylase gene expression. Red light also up-regulated expression of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) domain transporters, which may indicate involvement of these proteins in vesicular trafficking of anthocyanins during fruit ripening. Our results suggest differential signal transduction and transport mechanisms between red and blue light in ABA-regulated anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis during bilberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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24
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Wu C, Deng C, Hilario E, Albert NW, Lafferty D, Grierson ERP, Plunkett BJ, Elborough C, Saei A, Günther CS, Ireland H, Yocca A, Edger PP, Jaakola L, Karppinen K, Grande A, Kylli R, Lehtola VP, Allan AC, Espley RV, Chagné D. A chromosome-scale assembly of the bilberry genome identifies a complex locus controlling berry anthocyanin composition. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:345-360. [PMID: 34260155 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) belongs to the Vaccinium genus, which includes blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and cranberry (V. macrocarpon). Unlike its cultivated relatives, bilberry remains largely undomesticated, with berry harvesting almost entirely from the wild. As such, it represents an ideal target for genomic analysis, providing comparisons with the domesticated Vaccinium species. Bilberry is prized for its taste and health properties and has provided essential nutrition for Northern European indigenous populations. It contains high concentrations of phytonutrients, with perhaps the most important being the purple colored anthocyanins, found in both skin and flesh. Here, we present the first bilberry genome assembly, comprising 12 pseudochromosomes assembled using Oxford Nanopore (ONT) and Hi-C Technologies. The pseudochromosomes represent 96.6% complete BUSCO genes with an assessed LAI score of 16.3, showing a high conservation of synteny against the blueberry genome. Kmer analysis showed an unusual third peak, indicating the sequenced samples may have been from two individuals. The alternate alleles were purged so that the final assembly represents only one haplotype. A total of 36,404 genes were annotated after nearly 48% of the assembly was masked to remove repeats. To illustrate the genome quality, we describe the complex MYBA locus, and identify the key regulating MYB genes that determine anthocyanin production. The new bilberry genome builds on the genomic resources and knowledge of Vaccinium species, to help understand the genetics underpinning some of the quality attributes that breeding programs aspire to improve. The high conservation of synteny between bilberry and blueberry genomes means that comparative genome mapping can be applied to transfer knowledge about marker-trait association between these two species, as the loci involved in key characters are orthologous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elena Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Declan Lafferty
- PFR, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Blue J Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Elborough
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ali Saei
- BioLumic Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Yocca
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Horticultural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Ritva Kylli
- History, Culture and Communication studies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- Genomics Aotearoa, Dunedin, New Zealand.,PFR, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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25
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Fang ZZ, Lin-Wang K, Zhou DR, Lin YJ, Jiang CC, Pan SL, Espley RV, Andre CM, Ye XF. Activation of PsMYB10.2 Transcription Causes Anthocyanin Accumulation in Flesh of the Red-Fleshed Mutant of 'Sanyueli' ( Prunus salicina Lindl.). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:680469. [PMID: 34239526 PMCID: PMC8259629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plum is one of the most important stone fruits in the world and anthocyanin-rich plums are increasingly popular due to their health-promoting potential. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of the red-fleshed mutant of the yellow-fleshed plum 'Sanyueli'. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR showed that anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the transcription factor PsMYB10.2 were upregulated in the flesh of the mutant. Functional testing in tobacco leaves indicated that PsMYB10.2 was an anthocyanin pathway activator and can activate the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PsUFGT and PsGST. The role of PsMYB10.2 in anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of plum was further confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing. These results provide information for further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of plum and for the breeding of new red-fleshed plum cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhen Fang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan-Rong Zhou
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Juan Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cui-Cui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lin Pan
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christelle M. Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xin-Fu Ye
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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26
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Falginella L, Andre CM, Legay S, Lin-Wang K, Dare AP, Deng C, Rebstock R, Plunkett BJ, Guo L, Cipriani G, Espley RV. Differential regulation of triterpene biosynthesis induced by an early failure in cuticle formation in apple. Hortic Res 2021; 8:75. [PMID: 33790248 PMCID: PMC8012369 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Waxy apple cuticles predominantly accumulate ursane-type triterpenes, but the profile shifts with the induction of skin russeting towards lupane-type triterpenes. We previously characterised several key enzymes in the ursane-type and lupane-type triterpene pathways, but this switch in triterpene metabolism associated with loss of cuticle integrity is not fully understood. To analyse the relationship between triterpene biosynthesis and russeting, we used microscopy, RNA-sequencing and metabolite profiling during apple fruit development. We compared the skin of three genetically-close clones of 'Golden Delicious' (with waxy, partially russeted and fully russeted skin). We identified a unique molecular profile for the russet clone, including low transcript abundance of multiple cuticle-specific metabolic pathways in the early stages of fruit development. Using correlation analyses between gene transcription and metabolite concentration we found MYB transcription factors strongly associated with lupane-type triterpene biosynthesis. We showed how their transcription changed with the onset of cuticle cracking followed by russeting and that one factor, MYB66, was able to bind the promoter of the oxidosqualene cyclase OSC5, to drive the production of lupeol derivatives. These results provide insights into the breakdown of cuticle integrity leading to russet and how this drives MYB-regulated changes to triterpene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Falginella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Research Center, Vivai Cooperativi Rauscedo, Rauscedo, Italy
| | - Christelle M Andre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvain Legay
- The Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue J Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lindy Guo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guido Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
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27
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Rodrigues JA, Espley RV, Allan AC. Genomic analysis uncovers functional variation in the C-terminus of anthocyanin-activating MYB transcription factors. Hortic Res 2021; 8:77. [PMID: 33790254 PMCID: PMC8012628 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors regulate diverse aspects of plant development and secondary metabolism, often by partnering in transcriptional regulatory complexes. Here, we harness genomic resources to identify novel MYBs, thereby producing an updated eudicot MYB phylogeny with revised relationships among subgroups as well as new information on sequence variation in the disordered C-terminus of anthocyanin-activating MYBs. BLAST® and hidden Markov model scans of gene annotations identified a total of 714 MYB transcription factors across the genomes of four crops that span the eudicots: apple, grape, kiwifruit and tomato. Codon model-based phylogenetic inference identified novel members of previously defined subgroups, and the function of specific anthocyanin-activating subgroup 6 members was assayed transiently in tobacco leaves. Sequence conservation within subgroup 6 highlighted one previously described and two novel short linear motifs in the disordered C-terminal region. The novel motifs have a mix of hydrophobic and acidic residues and are predicted to be relatively ordered compared with flanking protein sequences. Comparison of motifs with the Eukaryotic Linear Motif database suggests roles in protein-protein interaction. Engineering of motifs and their flanking regions from strong anthocyanin activators into weak activators, and vice versa, affected function. We conclude that, although the MYB C-terminal sequence diverges greatly even within MYB clades, variation within the C-terminus at and near relatively ordered regions offers opportunities for exploring MYB function and developing superior alleles for plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Rodrigues
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mount Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mount Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mount Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
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28
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Barnett MPG, Young W, Armstrong K, Brewster D, Cooney JM, Ellett S, Espley RV, Laing W, Maclean P, McGhie T, Pringle G, Roy NC, Ferguson LR. A Polyphenol Enriched Variety of Apple Alters Circulating Immune Cell Gene Expression and Faecal Microbiota Composition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041092. [PMID: 33801641 PMCID: PMC8065949 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols within fruits and vegetables may contribute to health benefits due to their consumption, with the anthocyanin sub-set also adding colour. The Lemonade™ apple variety has green skin and white flesh, with low anthocyanin content, while some apple varieties have high anthocyanin content in both the skin and flesh. Effects of red compared with white-fleshed apples were studied in healthy human subjects in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention trial. Twenty-five healthy subjects consumed dried daily portions of the red-fleshed or placebo (white-fleshed) apple for two weeks, followed by one-week washout and further two-week crossover period. During the study, volunteers provided faecal samples for microbiota composition analysis and blood samples for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression analysis. Subtle differences were observed in the faecal microbiota of subjects that were fed the different apples, with significant (p < 0.05) reductions in relative abundances of Streptococcus, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Roseburia, and increased relative abundances of Sutterella, Butyricicoccus, and Lactobacillus in subjects after consuming the red apple. Changes in PBMC gene expression showed 18 mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed between the two groups, of which 16 were immunoglobulin related genes. Pathway analysis showed that these genes had roles in pathways such as immunoglobulin production, B cell-mediated immunity, complement activation, and phagocytosis. In conclusion, this study shows that anthocyanin-rich apples may influence immune function compared to control apples, with changes potentially associated with differences in the faecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. G. Barnett
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (W.Y.); (K.A.); (P.M.); (N.C.R.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (M.P.G.B.);
(L.R.F.); Tel.: +64-9-923-1138 (L.R.F.)
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (W.Y.); (K.A.); (P.M.); (N.C.R.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Kelly Armstrong
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (W.Y.); (K.A.); (P.M.); (N.C.R.)
| | - Diane Brewster
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (D.B.); (R.V.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Janine M. Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand;
| | - Stephanie Ellett
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (D.B.); (R.V.E.); (G.P.)
| | - William Laing
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (W.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Paul Maclean
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (W.Y.); (K.A.); (P.M.); (N.C.R.)
| | - Tony McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (W.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Greg Pringle
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (D.B.); (R.V.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (W.Y.); (K.A.); (P.M.); (N.C.R.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R. Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: (M.P.G.B.);
(L.R.F.); Tel.: +64-9-923-1138 (L.R.F.)
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29
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Liu Y, Zeng Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Allan AC, Zhang J. Genomic survey and gene expression analysis of the MYB-related transcription factor superfamily in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2450-2464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Peng Y, Thrimawithana AH, Cooney JM, Jensen DJ, Espley RV, Allan AC. The proanthocyanin-related transcription factors MYBC1 and WRKY44 regulate branch points in the kiwifruit anthocyanin pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14161. [PMID: 32843672 PMCID: PMC7447792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The groups of plant flavonoid metabolites termed anthocyanins and proanthocyanins (PA) are responsible for pigmentation in seeds, flowers and fruits. Anthocyanins and PAs are produced by a pathway of enzymes which are transcriptionally regulated by transcription factors (TFs) that form the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. In this study, transcriptomic analysis of purple-pigmented kiwifruit skin and flesh tissues identified MYBC1, from subgroup 5 of the R2R3 MYB family, and WRKY44 (highly similar to Arabidopsis TTG2) as candidate activators of the anthocyanin pathway. Transient over-expression of MYBC1 and WRKY44 induced anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves. Dual luciferase promoter activation assays revealed that both MYBC1 and WRKY44 were able to strongly activate the promoters of the kiwifruit F3'H and F3'5'H genes. These enzymes are branch points of the pathway which specifies the type of anthocyanin accumulated. Stable over-expression of MYBC1 and WRKY44 in kiwifruit calli activated the expression of F3'5'H and PA-related biosynthetic genes as well as increasing levels of PAs. These results suggest that while previously characterised anthocyanin activator MYBs regulate the overall anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, the PA-related TFs, MYBC1 and WRKY44, more specifically regulate key branch points. This adds a layer of regulatory control that potentially balances anthocyanin and PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Amali H Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine M Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Ruakura, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Dwayne J Jensen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Bisley Road, Ruakura, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, New Zealand
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31
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Günther CS, Dare AP, McGhie TK, Deng C, Lafferty DJ, Plunkett BJ, Grierson ERP, Turner JL, Jaakola L, Albert NW, Espley RV. Spatiotemporal Modulation of Flavonoid Metabolism in Blueberries. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:545. [PMID: 32477384 PMCID: PMC7237752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries are distinguished by their purple-blue fruit color, which develops during ripening and is derived from a characteristic composition of flavonoid-derived anthocyanin pigments. The production of anthocyanins is confined to fruit skin, leaving the colorless fruit flesh devoid of these compounds. By linking accumulation patterns of phenolic metabolites with gene transcription in Northern Highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum) and Rabbiteye (Vaccinium virgatum) blueberry, we investigated factors limiting anthocyanin production in berry flesh. We find that flavonoid production was generally lower in fruit flesh compared with skin and concentrations further declined during maturation. A common set of structural genes was identified across both species, indicating that tissue-specific flavonoid biosynthesis was dependent on co-expression of multiple pathway genes and limited by the phenylpropanoid pathway in combination with CHS, F3H, and ANS as potential pathway bottlenecks. While metabolite concentrations were comparable between the blueberry genotypes when fully ripe, the anthocyanin composition was distinct and depended on the degree of hydroxylation/methoxylation of the anthocyanidin moiety in combination with genotype-specific glycosylation patterns. Co-correlation analysis of phenolic metabolites with pathway structural genes revealed characteristic isoforms of O-methyltransferases and UDP-glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glycosyltransferase that were likely to modulate anthocyanin composition. Finally, we identified candidate transcriptional regulators that were co-expressed with structural genes, including the activators MYBA, MYBPA1, and bHLH2 together with the repressor MYBC2, which suggested an interdependent role in anthocyanin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony K. McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Declan J. Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue J. Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ella R. P. Grierson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Janice L. Turner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Brooklyn, New Zealand
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
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Richardson AT, Cho J, McGhie TK, Larsen DS, Schaffer RJ, Espley RV, Perry NB. Discovery of a stable vitamin C glycoside in crab apples (Malus sylvestris). Phytochemistry 2020; 173:112297. [PMID: 32070800 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics on fruit of three wild and domesticated apple species (Malus sylvestris, M. sieversii and M. domestica) showed that two crab apple (M. sylvestris) accessions were distinguished by high concentrations of an ascorbic acid glycoside (AAG). This was partly purified, but key NMR signals were masked by inseparable sucrose. Reference samples of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid and 2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid were synthesised, but both coincided with the crab apple AAG on LC-MS. Peracetylation of the crab apple extract allowed both purification and characterisation, and the AAG was proven to be 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid by comparison of 1H NMR, HRMS and HPLC data with synthesised peracetylated ascorbyl glycoside standards. The stability of the natural AA 2-β-glycoside was similar to synthetic 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl L-ascorbic acid, used widely in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. This discovery in crab apples (Rosaceae) is only the fourth reported occurrence of any ascorbyl glycoside from plants, the others being from Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Brassicaceae. It is hypothesised that AAGs may be more widespread in plants than currently realised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung Cho
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nigel B Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Plant & Food Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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An JP, Wang XF, Espley RV, Lin-Wang K, Bi SQ, You CX, Hao YJ. An Apple B-Box Protein MdBBX37 Modulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Hypocotyl Elongation Synergistically with MdMYBs and MdHY5. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:130-143. [PMID: 31550006 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important environment factor, light affects plant growth and development throughout life. B-BOX (BBX) proteins play key roles in the regulation of light signaling. Although the multiple roles of BBX proteins have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the research in apple is much less extensive. In this study, we systematically characterized the negative role of an apple BBX protein MdBBX37 in light signaling, including inhibiting anthocyanin biosynthesis and promoting hypocotyl elongation. We found that MdBBX37 interacted with MdMYB1 and MdMYB9, two key positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and inhibited the binding of those two proteins to their target genes and, therefore, negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, MdBBX37 directly bound to the promoter of MdHY5, a positive regulator of light signaling, and suppressed its expression, and thus relieved MdHY5-mediated hypocotyl inhibition. Taken together, our investigations suggest that MdBBX37 is a negative regulator of light signaling in apple. Our study will provide reference for further study on the functions of BBX proteins in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Si-Qi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
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34
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Plunkett BJ, Henry-Kirk R, Friend A, Diack R, Helbig S, Mouhu K, Tomes S, Dare AP, Espley RV, Putterill J, Allan AC. Apple B-box factors regulate light-responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17762. [PMID: 31780719 PMCID: PMC6882830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-responsive genes can affect fruit red colour via the activation of MYB transcription factors. The apple B-box (BBX) gene, BBX33/CONSTANS-like 11 (COL11) has been reported to influence apple red-skin colour in a light- and temperature-dependent manner. To further understand the role of apple BBX genes, other members of the BBX family were examined for effects on colour regulation. Expression of 23 BBX genes in apple skin was analysed during fruit development. We investigated the diurnal rhythm of expression of the BBX genes, the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and a MYB activator, MYB10. Transactivation assays on the MYB10 promoter, showed that BBX proteins 1, 17, 15, 35, 51, and 54 were able to directly function as activators. Using truncated versions of the MYB10 promoter, a key region was identified for activation by BBX1. BBX1 enhanced the activation of MYB10 and MdbHLH3 on the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene DFR. In transformed apple lines, over-expression of BBX1 reduced internal ethylene content and altered both cyanidin concentration and associated gene expression. We propose that, along with environmental signals, the control of MYB10 expression by BBXs in 'Royal Gala' fruit involves the integration of the expression of multiple BBXs to regulate fruit colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blue J Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Henry-Kirk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam Friend
- PFR, 55 Old Mill Road, RD 3, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand
| | - Robert Diack
- PFR, 55 Old Mill Road, RD 3, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand
| | - Susanne Helbig
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- BIOTECON Diagnostics GmbH, Hermannswerder 17, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katriina Mouhu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Liu Y, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Wang L, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhou P, Zeng L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Allan AC. StMYB44 negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis at high temperatures in tuber flesh of potato. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:3809-3824. [PMID: 31020330 PMCID: PMC6685667 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures are known to reduce anthocyanin accumulation in a number of diverse plant species. In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), high temperature significantly reduces tuber anthocyanin pigment content. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tuber under heat stress remains unknown. Here we show that high temperature causes reduction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in both potato tuber skin and flesh, with white areas forming between the vasculature and periderm. Heat stress reduced the expression of the R2R3 MYB transcription factors (TFs) StAN1 and StbHLH1, members of the transcriptional complex responsible for coordinated regulation of the skin and flesh pigmentation, as well as anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes in white regions. However, the core phenylpropanoid pathway, lignin, and chlorogenic acid (CGA) pathway genes were up-regulated in white areas, suggesting that suppression of the anthocyanin branch may result in re-routing phenylpropanoid flux into the CGA or lignin biosynthesis branches. Two R2R3 MYB TFs, StMYB44-1 and StMYB44-2, were highly expressed in white regions under high temperature. In transient assays, StMYB44 represses anthocyanin accumulation in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana by directly suppressing the activity of the dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) promoter. StMYB44-1 showed stronger repressive capacity than StMYB44-2, with both predicted proteins containing the repression-associated EAR motif with some variation. StMYB44-1 conferred repression without a requirement for a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) partner, suggesting a different repression mechanism from that of reported anthocyanin repressors. We propose that temperature-induced reduction of anthocyanin accumulation in potato flesh is caused by down-regulation of the activating anthocyanin regulatory complex, by enhancing the expression of flesh-specific StMYB44 and alteration of phenylpropanoid flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Li Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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36
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Zhou H, Lin-Wang K, Wang F, Espley RV, Ren F, Zhao J, Ogutu C, He H, Jiang Q, Allan AC, Han Y. Activator-type R2R3-MYB genes induce a repressor-type R2R3-MYB gene to balance anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulation. New Phytol 2019; 221:1919-1934. [PMID: 30222199 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation is regulated by both myeloblastosis (MYB) activators and repressors, but little information is available on hierarchical interactions between the positive and negative regulators. Here, we report on a R2R3-MYB repressor in peach, designated PpMYB18, which acts as a negative regulator of anthocyanin and PA accumulation. PpMYB18 can be activated by both anthocyanin- and PA-related MYB activators, and is expressed both at fruit ripening and juvenile stages when anthocyanins or PAs, respectively, are being synthesized. The PpMYB18 protein competes with MYB activators for binding to basic Helix Loop Helixes (bHLHs), which develops a fine-tuning regulatory loop to balance PA and anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, the bHLH binding motif in the R3 domain and the C1 and C2 repression motifs in the C-terminus of PpMYB18 both confer repressive activity of PpMYB18. Our study also demonstrates a modifying negative feedback loop, which prevents cells from excess accumulation of anthocyanin and PAs, and serves as a model for balancing secondary metabolite accumulation at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Furong Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430209, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Fei Ren
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jianbo Zhao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Collins Ogutu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huaping He
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430209, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1020, New Zealand
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
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Ampomah‐Dwamena C, Thrimawithana AH, Dejnoprat S, Lewis D, Espley RV, Allan AC. A kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) R2R3-MYB transcription factor modulates chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. New Phytol 2019; 221:309-325. [PMID: 30067292 PMCID: PMC6585760 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors (TFs) regulate diverse plant developmental processes and understanding their roles in controlling pigment accumulation in fruit is important for developing new cultivars. In this study, we characterised kiwifruit TFMYB7, which was found to activate the promoter of the kiwifruit lycopene beta-cyclase (AdLCY-β) gene that plays a key role in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. To determine the role of MYB7, we analysed gene expression and metabolite profiles in Actinidia fruit which show different pigment profiles. The impact of MYB7 on metabolic biosynthetic pathways was then evaluated by overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by metabolite and gene expression analysis of the transformants. MYB7 was expressed in fruit that accumulated carotenoid and Chl pigments with high transcript levels associated with both pigments. Constitutive over-expression of MYB7, through transient or stable transformation of N. benthamiana, altered Chl and carotenoid pigment levels. MYB7 overexpression was associated with transcriptional activation of certain key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, Chl biosynthesis, and other processes such as chloroplast and thylakoid membrane organization. Our results suggest that MYB7 plays a role in modulating carotenoid and Chl pigment accumulation in tissues through transcriptional activation of metabolic pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ampomah‐Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Amali H. Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Supinya Dejnoprat
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - David Lewis
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 11600Palmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR)Private Bag 92 169AucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand
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38
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Espley RV, Leif D, Plunkett B, McGhie T, Henry-Kirk R, Hall M, Johnston JW, Punter MP, Boldingh H, Nardozza S, Volz RK, O’Donnell S, Allan AC. Red to Brown: An Elevated Anthocyanic Response in Apple Drives Ethylene to Advance Maturity and Fruit Flesh Browning. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1248. [PMID: 31649709 PMCID: PMC6794385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The elevation of anthocyanin contents in fruits and vegetables is a breeding target for many crops. In some fruit, such as tomato, higher anthocyanin concentrations enhance storage and shelf life. In contrast, highly anthocyanic red-fleshed apples (Malus x domestica) have an increased incidence of internal browning flesh disorder (IBFD). To determine the mechanisms underlying this, 'Royal Gala' cultivar apples over-expressing the anthocyanin-related transcription factor (TF) MYB10 (35S:MYB10), which produces fruit with highly pigmented flesh, were compared with standard 'Royal Gala' Wild Type (WT) grown under the same conditions. We saw no incidence of IBFD in WT 'Royal Gala' but the over-expression of MYB10 in the same genetic background resulted in a high rate of IBDF. We assessed concentrations of potential substrates for IBDF and a comparison of metabolites in these apples showed that anthocyanins, chlorogenic acid, pro-cyanidins, flavon-3-ols, and quercetin were all higher in the MYB10 lines. For the flavol-3-ols sub-group, epicatechin rather than catechin was elevated in MYB10 lines compared with the control fruit. Internal ethylene concentrations were measured throughout fruit development and were significantly higher in 35S:MYB10 lines, and ethylene was detected at an earlier developmental stage pre-harvest. Expression analysis of key genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase and oxidase; ACS and ACO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) showed the potential for increased ethylene production and the mechanism for enhanced PPO-mediated browning. The expression of a transcription factor of the ethylene response factor (ERF) class, ERF106, was elevated in red flesh. Analysis of transcriptional activation by MYB10 showed that this transcription factor could activate the expression of apple ACS, ACO, and ERF106 genes. Our data show a link between the elevation of anthocyanin-related transcription factors and an undesirable fruit disorder. The accelerated advancement of maturity via premature ethylene induction has implications for the breeding and storage of these more highly pigmented plant products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davin Leif
- Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Tony McGhie
- Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Miriam Hall
- Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason W. Johnston
- Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Havelock North, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P. Punter
- Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Havelock North, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Richard K. Volz
- Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Havelock North, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew C. Allan
- Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Andrew C. Allan,
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39
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Peng Y, Lin-Wang K, Cooney JM, Wang T, Espley RV, Allan AC. Differential regulation of the anthocyanin profile in purple kiwifruit ( Actinidia species). Hortic Res 2019; 6:3. [PMID: 30622721 PMCID: PMC6312553 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolites that colour fruit and flowers orange, red, purple or blue depending on a number of factors, such as the basic structure, co-pigmentation, metal ion complexation and vacuolar pH. The biosynthesis of anthocyanin is regulated at the transcriptional level by a group of transcription factors, the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. In this study, the purple colouration in several kiwifruit (Actinidia) species was identified and characterised as red cyanidin-based and blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins. The differential pigmentation in the skin and flesh can be attributed to the differential ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives accumulated in the total anthocyanin profile. The expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (F3GT), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) is crucial for anthocyanin accumulation. However, the balance of expression of the F3'H and F3'5'H genes appears responsible for the ratio of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives, while a lack of CHS, F3GT and MYB110 expression is responsible for a lack of total anthocyanins. The transcriptional regulation of the F3'H and F3'5'H promoters by the R2R3 MYB transcription factor MYB110 is markedly different in tobacco transient assays. When kiwifruit MYB10 or MYB110 are over-expressed in Actinidia chinensis both cyanidin-based and delphinidin-based anthocyanins are elevated, but F3'H and F3'5'H genes are not strongly correlated with MYB expression. These results suggest that the core kiwifruit anthocyanin pathway genes are dependent on characterised MYB transcription factors, while other regulatory proteins are more directly responsible for the expression of the F3'H and F3'5'H genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janine M. Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, East Street, 3214 Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
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40
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Plunkett BJ, Espley RV, Dare AP, Warren BAW, Grierson ERP, Cordiner S, Turner JL, Allan AC, Albert NW, Davies KM, Schwinn KE. MYBA From Blueberry ( Vaccinium Section Cyanococcus) Is a Subgroup 6 Type R2R3MYB Transcription Factor That Activates Anthocyanin Production. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1300. [PMID: 30254656 PMCID: PMC6141686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Vaccinium genus in the family Ericaceae comprises many species, including the fruit-bearing blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, huckleberry, and lingonberry. Commercially, the most important are the blueberries (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus), such as Vaccinium corymbosum (northern highbush blueberry), Vaccinium virgatum (rabbiteye blueberry), and Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry). The rising popularity of blueberries can partly be attributed to their "superfood" status, with an increasing body of evidence around human health benefits resulting from the fruit metabolites, particularly products of the phenylpropanoid pathway such as anthocyanins. Activation of anthocyanin production by R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) has been characterized in many species, but despite recent studies on blueberry, cranberry, and bilberry, no MYB anthocyanin regulators have been reported for Vaccinium. Indeed, there has been conjecture that at least in bilberry, MYB TFs divergent to the usual type are involved. We report identification of MYBA from blueberry, and show through sequence analysis and functional studies that it is homologous to known anthocyanin-promoting R2R3-MYBs of subgroup 6 of the MYB superfamily. In transient assays, MYBA complemented an anthocyanin MYB mutant of Antirrhinum majus and, together with a heterologous bHLH anthocyanin regulator, activated anthocyanin production in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore anthocyanin accumulation and anthocyanin structural gene expression (assayed by qPCR and RNA-seq analyses) correlated with MYBA expression, and MYBA was able to transactivate the DFR promoter from blueberry and other species. The RNA-seq data also revealed a range of other candidate genes involved in the regulation of anthocyanin production in blueberry fruit. The identification of MYBA will help to resolve the regulatory mechanism for anthocyanin pigmentation in the Vaccinium genus. The sequence information should also prove useful in developing tools for the accelerated breeding of new Vaccinium cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blue J. Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P. Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben A. W. Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ella R. P. Grierson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Cordiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Janice L. Turner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M. Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E. Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Allan AC, Espley RV. MYBs Drive Novel Consumer Traits in Fruits and Vegetables. Trends Plant Sci 2018; 23:693-705. [PMID: 30033210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eating plant-derived compounds can lead to a longer and healthier life and also benefits the environment. Innovation in the fresh food sector, as well as new cultivars, can improve consumption of fruit and vegetables, with MYB transcription factors being a target to drive this novelty. Plant MYB transcription factors are implicated in diverse roles including development, hormone signalling, and metabolite biosynthesis. The reds and blues of fruit and vegetables provided by anthocyanins, phlobaphenes, and betalains are controlled by specific R2R3 MYBs. New studies are now revealing that MYBs also control carotenoid biosynthesis and other quality traits, such as flavour and texture. Future breeding techniques may manipulate or create alleles of key MYB transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Richard V Espley
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
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42
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Carrasco-Orellana C, Stappung Y, Mendez-Yañez A, Allan AC, Espley RV, Plunkett BJ, Moya-Leon MA, Herrera R. Characterization of a ripening-related transcription factor FcNAC1 from Fragaria chiloensis fruit. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10524. [PMID: 30002382 PMCID: PMC6043618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragaria chiloensis is a strawberry endemic from Chile with attractive white-pink fruit, pleasant aroma and taste. However, this fruit has a limited post-harvest period due to fast softening. Several transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the regulation of fruit ripening, and members of the NAC family have been implicated in cell wall remodeling. FcNAC1 was isolated from F. chiloensis fruit, coding a protein of 332 amino acid residues and displaying a characteristic NAC domain at the N terminus. FcNAC1 protein showed nuclear localization. An increase in transcript level was observed during ripening. A sequence of 1488 bp of FcNAC1 promoter was obtained. In silico analysis identified cis elements able to respond to some hormones and Secondary wall NAC binding elements (SNBE), and responding to auxin and ABA. A structural model of FcNAC1 provided evidence for interaction with DNA sequences containing SNBE, while a dual luciferase assay confirmed the transcriptional activation by FcNAC1 of the promoter of FcPL, a gene involved in cell wall remodeling in F. chiloensis fruit. The results suggest the participation of FcNAC1 during ripening development of strawberry fruit, by regulating pectin metabolism during softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carrasco-Orellana
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Y Stappung
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - A Mendez-Yañez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - A C Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R V Espley
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - B J Plunkett
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - M A Moya-Leon
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - R Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
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43
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Pilkington SM, Crowhurst R, Hilario E, Nardozza S, Fraser L, Peng Y, Gunaseelan K, Simpson R, Tahir J, Deroles SC, Templeton K, Luo Z, Davy M, Cheng C, McNeilage M, Scaglione D, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Datson P, De Silva N, Gardiner SE, Bassett H, Chagné D, McCallum J, Dzierzon H, Deng C, Wang YY, Barron L, Manako K, Bowen J, Foster TM, Erridge ZA, Tiffin H, Waite CN, Davies KM, Grierson EP, Laing WA, Kirk R, Chen X, Wood M, Montefiori M, Brummell DA, Schwinn KE, Catanach A, Fullerton C, Li D, Meiyalaghan S, Nieuwenhuizen N, Read N, Prakash R, Hunter D, Zhang H, McKenzie M, Knäbel M, Harris A, Allan AC, Gleave A, Chen A, Janssen BJ, Plunkett B, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Voogd C, Leif D, Lafferty D, Souleyre EJF, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Gambi F, Hanley J, Yao JL, Cheung J, David KM, Warren B, Marsh K, Snowden KC, Lin-Wang K, Brian L, Martinez-Sanchez M, Wang M, Ileperuma N, Macnee N, Campin R, McAtee P, Drummond RSM, Espley RV, Ireland HS, Wu R, Atkinson RG, Karunairetnam S, Bulley S, Chunkath S, Hanley Z, Storey R, Thrimawithana AH, Thomson S, David C, Testolin R, Huang H, Hellens RP, Schaffer RJ. A manually annotated Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (kiwifruit) genome highlights the challenges associated with draft genomes and gene prediction in plants. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:257. [PMID: 29661190 PMCID: PMC5902842 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most published genome sequences are drafts, and most are dominated by computational gene prediction. Draft genomes typically incorporate considerable sequence data that are not assigned to chromosomes, and predicted genes without quality confidence measures. The current Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) ‘Hongyang’ draft genome has 164 Mb of sequences unassigned to pseudo-chromosomes, and omissions have been identified in the gene models. Results A second genome of an A. chinensis (genotype Red5) was fully sequenced. This new sequence resulted in a 554.0 Mb assembly with all but 6 Mb assigned to pseudo-chromosomes. Pseudo-chromosomal comparisons showed a considerable number of translocation events have occurred following a whole genome duplication (WGD) event some consistent with centromeric Robertsonian-like translocations. RNA sequencing data from 12 tissues and ab initio analysis informed a genome-wide manual annotation, using the WebApollo tool. In total, 33,044 gene loci represented by 33,123 isoforms were identified, named and tagged for quality of evidential support. Of these 3114 (9.4%) were identical to a protein within ‘Hongyang’ The Kiwifruit Information Resource (KIR v2). Some proportion of the differences will be varietal polymorphisms. However, as most computationally predicted Red5 models required manual re-annotation this proportion is expected to be small. The quality of the new gene models was tested by fully sequencing 550 cloned ‘Hort16A’ cDNAs and comparing with the predicted protein models for Red5 and both the original ‘Hongyang’ assembly and the revised annotation from KIR v2. Only 48.9% and 63.5% of the cDNAs had a match with 90% identity or better to the original and revised ‘Hongyang’ annotation, respectively, compared with 90.9% to the Red5 models. Conclusions Our study highlights the need to take a cautious approach to draft genomes and computationally predicted genes. Our use of the manual annotation tool WebApollo facilitated manual checking and correction of gene models enabling improvement of computational prediction. This utility was especially relevant for certain types of gene families such as the EXPANSIN like genes. Finally, this high quality gene set will supply the kiwifruit and general plant community with a new tool for genomics and other comparative analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4656-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Pilkington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ross Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elena Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simona Nardozza
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lena Fraser
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yongyan Peng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kularajathevan Gunaseelan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert Simpson
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jibran Tahir
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Kerry Templeton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marcus Davy
- PFR, 412 No 1 Road, Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Canhong Cheng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark McNeilage
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Davide Scaglione
- IGA Technology Services, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico, Udine, Italy
| | - Yifei Liu
- South China Botanic Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Paul Datson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nihal De Silva
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | | | - David Chagné
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - John McCallum
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Helge Dzierzon
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yen-Yi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lorna Barron
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kelvina Manako
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Judith Bowen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Toshi M Foster
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Zoe A Erridge
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Heather Tiffin
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chethi N Waite
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M Davies
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Rebecca Kirk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marion Wood
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mirco Montefiori
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Christina Fullerton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Niels Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Read
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Roneel Prakash
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Don Hunter
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Huaibi Zhang
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Mareike Knäbel
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alastair Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Angela Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Davin Leif
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Declan Lafferty
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Edwige J F Souleyre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Francesco Gambi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Hanley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Joey Cheung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Karine M David
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ben Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ken Marsh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lara Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marcela Martinez-Sanchez
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mindy Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nadeesha Ileperuma
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nikolai Macnee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert Campin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Peter McAtee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Revel S M Drummond
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hilary S Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sakuntala Karunairetnam
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sean Bulley
- PFR, 412 No 1 Road, Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Shayhan Chunkath
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zac Hanley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Roy Storey
- PFR, 412 No 1 Road, Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Amali H Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Susan Thomson
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Charles David
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Raffaele Testolin
- IGA Technology Services, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico, Udine, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Hongwen Huang
- South China Botanic Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Roger P Hellens
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Henry-Kirk RA, Plunkett B, Hall M, McGhie T, Allan AC, Wargent JJ, Espley RV. Solar UV light regulates flavonoid metabolism in apple (Malus x domestica). Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:675-688. [PMID: 29315644 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B light (UV-B) is one environmental signal perceived by plants that affects the flavonoid pathway and influences the levels of anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. To understand the mechanisms underlying UV exposure, apple trees were grown under spectral filters that altered transmission of solar UV light. Fruit analysis showed that UV induced changes in physiology, metabolism, and gene expression levels during development over a season. These changes were sustained after storage. Under low UV, ripening was delayed, fruit size decreased, and anthocyanin and flavonols were reduced. Expression analysis showed changes in response to UV light levels for genes in the regulation and biosynthesis of anthocyanin and flavonols. Transcription of flavonol synthase (FLS), ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), MYB10, and MYB22 were down-regulated throughout fruit development under reduced UV. Functional testing showed that the FLS promoter was activated by HY5, and this response was enhanced by the presence of MYB22. The MYB22 promoter can also be activated by the anthocyanin regulator, MYB10. As ambient levels of UV light vary around the globe, this study has implications for future crop production, the quality of which can be determined by the response to UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Henry-Kirk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Miriam Hall
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony McGhie
- Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason J Wargent
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
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45
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Hussain T, Plunkett B, Ejaz M, Espley RV, Kayser O. Identification of Putative Precursor Genes for the Biosynthesis of Cannabinoid-Like Compound in Radula marginata. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 29868043 PMCID: PMC5954354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Radula marginata belongs to the bryophyte division of land plants and is a prospective alternate source of cannabinoid-like compounds. However, mechanistic insights into the molecular pathways directing the synthesis of these cannabinoid-like compounds have been hindered due to the lack of genetic information. This prompted us to do deep sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of R. marginata transcriptome, which resulted in the identification and validation of the genes for cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway. In total, we have identified 11,421 putative genes encoding 1,554 enzymes from 145 biosynthetic pathways. Interestingly, we have identified all the upstream genes of the central precursor of cannabinoid biosynthesis, cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), including its two first intermediates, stilbene acid (SA) and geranyl diphosphate (GPP). Expression of all these genes was validated using quantitative real-time PCR. We have characterized the protein structure of stilbene synthase (STS), which is considered as a homolog of olivetolic acid in R. marginata. Moreover, the metabolomics approach enabled us to identify CBGA-analogous compounds using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1085 transcription factors (TF) from 39 families. Comparative analysis showed that six TF families have been uniquely predicted in R. marginata. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis predicted a large number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Our results collectively provide mechanistic insights into the putative precursor genes for the biosynthesis of cannabinoid-like compounds and a novel transcriptomic resource for R. marginata. The large-scale transcriptomic resource generated in this study would further serve as a reference transcriptome to explore the Radulaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajammul Hussain
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tajammul Hussain
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mahwish Ejaz
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Oliver Kayser
- Department of Technical Biochemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Oliver Kayser
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46
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Brendolise C, Espley RV, Lin-Wang K, Laing W, Peng Y, McGhie T, Dejnoprat S, Tomes S, Hellens RP, Allan AC. Multiple Copies of a Simple MYB-Binding Site Confers Trans-regulation by Specific Flavonoid-Related R2R3 MYBs in Diverse Species. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1864. [PMID: 29163590 PMCID: PMC5671642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In apple, the MYB transcription factor MYB10 controls the accumulation of anthocyanins. MYB10 is able to auto-activate its expression by binding its own promoter at a specific motif, the R1 motif. In some apple accessions a natural mutation, termed R6, has more copies of this motif within the MYB10 promoter resulting in stronger auto-activation and elevated anthocyanins. Here we show that other anthocyanin-related MYBs selected from apple, pear, strawberry, petunia, kiwifruit and Arabidopsis are able to activate promoters containing the R6 motif. To examine the specificity of this motif, members of the R2R3 MYB family were screened against a promoter harboring the R6 mutation. Only MYBs from subgroups 5 and 6 activate expression by binding the R6 motif, with these MYBs sharing conserved residues in their R2R3 DNA binding domains. Insertion of the apple R6 motif into orthologous promoters of MYB10 in pear (PcMYB10) and Arabidopsis (AtMY75) elevated anthocyanin levels. Introduction of the R6 motif into the promoter region of an anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme F3'5'H of kiwifruit imparts regulation by MYB10. This results in elevated levels of delphinidin in both tobacco and kiwifruit. Finally, an R6 motif inserted into the promoter the vitamin C biosynthesis gene GDP-L-Gal phosphorylase increases vitamin C content in a MYB10-dependent manner. This motif therefore provides a tool to re-engineer novel MYB-regulated responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Brendolise
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Laing
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yongyan Peng
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony McGhie
- Fitzherbert Science Centre, Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Supinya Dejnoprat
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roger P. Hellens
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- Mt Albert Research Centre, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yauk YK, Souleyre EJF, Matich AJ, Chen X, Wang MY, Plunkett B, Dare AP, Espley RV, Tomes S, Chagné D, Atkinson RG. Alcohol acyl transferase 1 links two distinct volatile pathways that produce esters and phenylpropenes in apple fruit. Plant J 2017; 91:292-305. [PMID: 28380280 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fruit accumulate a diverse set of volatiles including esters and phenylpropenes. Volatile esters are synthesised via fatty acid degradation or from amino acid precursors, with the final step being catalysed by alcohol acyl transferases (AATs). Phenylpropenes are produced as a side branch of the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on apple (Malus × domestica) linkage group (LG)2 for production of the phenylpropene estragole and volatile esters (including 2-methylbutyl acetate and hexyl acetate) both co-located with the MdAAT1 gene. MdAAT1 has previously been shown to be required for volatile ester production in apple (Plant J., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12518), and here we show it is also required to produce p-hydroxycinnamyl acetates that serve as substrates for a bifunctional chavicol/eugenol synthase (MdoPhR5) in ripe apple fruit. Fruit from transgenic 'Royal Gala' MdAAT1 knockdown lines produced significantly reduced phenylpropene levels, whilst manipulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway using MdCHS (chalcone synthase) knockout and MdMYB10 over-expression lines increased phenylpropene production. Transient expression of MdAAT1, MdoPhR5 and MdoOMT1 (O-methyltransferase) genes reconstituted the apple pathway to estragole production in tobacco. AATs from ripe strawberry (SAAT1) and tomato (SlAAT1) fruit can also utilise p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohols, indicating that ripening-related AATs are likely to link volatile ester and phenylpropene production in many different fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yar-Khing Yauk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Edwige J F Souleyre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adam J Matich
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mindy Y Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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48
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Liu Y, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Wang L, Yang H, Yu B, Dare A, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang D, Allan AC. Functional diversification of the potato R2R3 MYB anthocyanin activators AN1, MYBA1, and MYB113 and their interaction with basic helix-loop-helix cofactors. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:2159-76. [PMID: 26884602 PMCID: PMC4809278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), R2R3 MYBs are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. We examined sequences of these MYBs in cultivated potatoes, which are more complex than diploid potato due to ploidy and heterozygosity. We found amino acid variants in the C-terminus of the MYB StAN1, termed R0, R1, and R3, due to the presence of a repeated 10-amino acid motif. These variant MYBs showed some expression in both white and pigmented tubers. We found several new alleles or gene family members of R2R3 MYBs,StMYBA1 and StMYB113, which were also expressed in white potato tubers. From functional analysis in tobacco, we showed that the presence of a C-terminal 10-amino acid motif is optimal for activating anthocyanin accumulation. Engineering a motif back into a MYB lacking this sequence enhanced its activating ability. Versions of StMYBA1 and StMYB113 can also activate anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves, with the exception of StMYB113-3, which has a partial R2R3 domain. We isolated five family members of potato StbHLH1, and one StJAF13, to test their ability to interact with MYB variants. The results showed that two alleles of StbHLH1 from white skin and red skin are non-functional, while three other StbHLH1s have different co-regulating abilities, and need to be activated by StJAF13. Combined with expression analysis in potato tuber, results suggest that StbHLH1 and StJAF13a re key co-regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, while the transcripts of MYB variants StAN1,StMYBA1, and StMYB113 are well expressed, even in the absence of pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Li Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Andrew Dare
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Di Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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49
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Boase MR, Brendolise C, Wang L, Ngo H, Espley RV, Hellens RP, Schwinn KE, Davies KM, Albert NW. Failure to launch: the self-regulating Md-MYB10 R6 gene from apple is active in flowers but not leaves of Petunia. Plant Cell Rep 2015; 34:1817-23. [PMID: 26113165 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Md - MYB10 R6 gene from apple is capable of self-regulating in heterologous host species and enhancing anthocyanin pigmentation, but the activity of MYB10 is dependent on endogenous protein partners. Coloured foliage due to anthocyanin pigments (bronze/red/black) is an attractive trait that is often lacking in many bedding, ornamental and horticultural plants. Apples (Malus × domestica) containing an allelic variant of the anthocyanin regulator, Md-MYB10 R6 , are highly pigmented throughout the plant, due to autoregulation by MYB10 upon its own promoter. We investigated whether Md-MYB10 R6 from apple is capable of functioning within the heterologous host Petunia hybrida to generate plants with novel pigmentation patterns. The Md-MYB10 R6 transgene (MYB10-R6 pro :MYB10:MYB10 term ) activated anthocyanin synthesis when transiently expressed in Antirrhinum rosea (dorsea) petals and petunia leaf discs. Stable transgenic petunias containing Md-MYB10 R6 lacked foliar pigmentation but had coloured flowers, complementing the an2 phenotype of 'Mitchell' petunia. The absence of foliar pigmentation was due to the failure of the Md-MYB10 R6 gene to self-activate in vegetative tissues, suggesting that additional protein partners are required for Md-MYB10 to activate target genes in this heterologous system. In petunia flowers, where endogenous components including MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) proteins were present, expression of the Md-MYB10 R6 promoter was initiated, allowing auto-regulation to occur and activating anthocyanin production. Md-MYB10 is capable of operating within the petunia MBW gene regulation network that controls the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, AN1 (bHLH) and MYBx (R3-MYB repressor) in petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray R Boase
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cyril Brendolise
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169 Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lei Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hahn Ngo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169 Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Roger P Hellens
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169 Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
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50
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Ampomah-Dwamena C, Driedonks N, Lewis D, Shumskaya M, Chen X, Wurtzel ET, Espley RV, Allan AC. The Phytoene synthase gene family of apple (Malus x domestica) and its role in controlling fruit carotenoid content. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:185. [PMID: 26215656 PMCID: PMC4517366 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoid compounds play essential roles in plants such as protecting the photosynthetic apparatus and in hormone signalling. Coloured carotenoids provide yellow, orange and red colour to plant tissues, as well as offering nutritional benefit to humans and animals. The enzyme phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyses the first committed step of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and has been associated with control of pathway flux. We characterised four PSY genes found in the apple genome to further understand their involvement in fruit carotenoid accumulation. RESULTS The apple PSY gene family, containing six members, was predicted to have three functional members, PSY1, PSY2, and PSY4, based on translation of the predicted gene sequences and/or corresponding cDNAs. However, only PSY1 and PSY2 showed activity in a complementation assay. Protein localisation experiments revealed differential localization of the PSY proteins in chloroplasts; PSY1 and PSY2 localized to the thylakoid membranes, while PSY4 localized to plastoglobuli. Transcript levels in 'Granny Smith' and 'Royal Gala' apple cultivars showed PSY2 was most highly expressed in fruit and other vegetative tissues. We tested the transient activation of the apple PSY1 and PSY2 promoters and identified potential and differential regulation by AP2/ERF transcription factors, which suggested that the PSY genes are controlled by different transcriptional mechanisms. CONCLUSION The first committed carotenoid pathway step in apple is controlled by MdPSY1 and MdPSY2, while MdPSY4 play little or no role in this respect. This has implications for apple breeding programmes where carotenoid enhancement is a target and would allow co-segregation with phenotypes to be tested during the development of new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Nicky Driedonks
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University, Postbus 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - David Lewis
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Maria Shumskaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, New York, NY, 10468, USA.
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Eleanore T Wurtzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, New York, NY, 10468, USA.
- The Graduate School and University Center-CUNY, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY, 10016-4309, USA.
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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