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Zhang RX, Liu Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Sun J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yao JL, Liao L, Zhou H, Han Y. Two adjacent NAC transcription factors regulate fruit maturity date and flavor in peach. New Phytol 2024; 241:632-649. [PMID: 37933224 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Although maturity date (MD) is an essential factor affecting fresh fruit marketing and has a pleiotropic effect on fruit taste qualities, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we functionally characterized two adjacent NAM-ATAF1/2-CUC2 (NAC) transcription factors (TFs), PpNAC1 and PpNAC5, both of which were associated with fruit MD in peach. PpNAC1 and PpNAC5 were found capable of activating transcription of genes associated with cell elongation, cell wall degradation and ethylene biosynthesis, suggesting their regulatory roles in fruit enlargement and ripening. Furthermore, PpNAC1 and PpNAC5 had pleiotropic effects on fruit taste due to their ability to activate transcription of genes for sugar accumulation and organic acid degradation. Interestingly, both PpNAC1 and PpNAC5 orthologues were found in fruit-producing angiosperms and adjacently arranged in all 91 tested dicots but absent in fruitless gymnosperms, suggesting their important roles in fruit development. Our results provide insight into the regulatory roles of NAC TFs in MD and fruit taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yudi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juanli Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement and Eco-Physiology of Anhui Province, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Liao Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement and Eco-Physiology of Anhui Province, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Zhao YL, Li Y, Cao K, Yao JL, Bie HL, Khan IA, Fang WC, Chen CW, Wang XW, Wu JL, Guo WW, Wang LR. MADS-box protein PpDAM6 regulates chilling requirement-mediated dormancy and bud break in peach. Plant Physiol 2023; 193:448-465. [PMID: 37217835 PMCID: PMC10469376 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is crucial for winter survival and is characterized by the inability of the bud meristem to respond to growth-promotive signals before the chilling requirement (CR) is met. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanism regulating CR and bud dormancy remains limited. This study identified PpDAM6 (DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box) as a key gene for CR using a genome-wide association study analysis based on structural variations in 345 peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) accessions. The function of PpDAM6 in CR regulation was demonstrated by transiently silencing the gene in peach buds and stably overexpressing the gene in transgenic apple (Malus × domestica) plants. The results showed an evolutionarily conserved function of PpDAM6 in regulating bud dormancy release, followed by vegetative growth and flowering, in peach and apple. The 30-bp deletion in the PpDAM6 promoter was substantially associated with reducing PpDAM6 expression in low-CR accessions. A PCR marker based on the 30-bp indel was developed to distinguish peach plants with non-low and low CR. Modification of the H3K27me3 marker at the PpDAM6 locus showed no apparent change across the dormancy process in low- and non-low- CR cultivars. Additionally, H3K27me3 modification occurred earlier in low-CR cultivars on a genome-wide scale. PpDAM6 could mediate cell-cell communication by inducing the expression of the downstream genes PpNCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1), encoding a key enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, and CALS (CALLOSE SYNTHASE), encoding callose synthase. We shed light on a gene regulatory network formed by PpDAM6-containing complexes that mediate CR underlying dormancy and bud break in peach. A better understanding of the genetic basis for natural variations of CR can help breeders develop cultivars with different CR for growing in different geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hang-Ling Bie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad Khan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wei-Chao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xin-Wei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jin-Long Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wen-Wu Guo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Rong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Horticultural Germplasm Resources Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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3
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Wang TH, Hao R, Xu BN, Chang L, Liu ZB, Yao JL, Wang W, Xie WJ, Yan WW, Xiao ZJ, Qiu LG, An G. [Safety and feasibility of 120 min rapid infusion regimen of daratumumab in patients with multiple myeloma]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:696-699. [PMID: 37803849 PMCID: PMC10520231 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - R Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - B N Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - L Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Z B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - J L Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - W Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - W J Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - W W Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Z J Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - L G Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - G An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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4
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Xue Y, Shan Y, Yao JL, Wang R, Xu S, Liu D, Ye Z, Lin J, Li X, Xue C, Wu J. The transcription factor PbrMYB24 regulates lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruits. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:1997-2014. [PMID: 37011145 PMCID: PMC10315299 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignified stone cell content is a key factor used to evaluate fruit quality, influencing the economic value of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruits. However, our understanding of the regulatory networks of stone cell formation is limited due to the complex secondary metabolic pathway. In this study, we used a combination of co-expression network analysis, gene expression profiles, and transcriptome analysis in different pear cultivars with varied stone cell content to identify a hub MYB gene, PbrMYB24. The relative expression of PbrMYB24 in fruit flesh was significantly correlated with the contents of stone cells, lignin, and cellulose. We then verified the function of PbrMYB24 in regulating lignin and cellulose formation via genetic transformation in homologous and heterologous systems. We constructed a high-efficiency verification system for lignin and cellulose biosynthesis genes in pear callus. PbrMYB24 transcriptionally activated multiple target genes involved in stone cell formation. On the one hand, PbrMYB24 activated the transcription of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis genes by binding to different cis-elements [AC-I (ACCTACC) element, AC-II (ACCAACC) element and MYB-binding sites (MBS)]. On the other hand, PbrMYB24 bound directly to the promoters of PbrMYB169 and NAC STONE CELL PROMOTING FACTOR (PbrNSC), activating the gene expression. Moreover, both PbrMYB169 and PbrNSC activated the promoter of PbrMYB24, enhancing gene expression. This study improves our understanding of lignin and cellulose synthesis regulation in pear fruits through identifying a regulator and establishing a regulatory network. This knowledge will be useful for reducing the stone cell content in pears via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Xue
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanfei Shan
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Runze Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shaozhuo Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhicheng Ye
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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5
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Xu S, Sun M, Yao JL, Liu X, Xue Y, Yang G, Zhu R, Jiang W, Wang R, Xue C, Mao Z, Wu J. Auxin inhibits lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit via the PbrARF13-PbrNSC-PbrMYB132 transcriptional regulatory cascade. Plant Biotechnol J 2023. [PMID: 37031416 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Stone cells are often present in pear fruit, and they can seriously affect the fruit quality when present in large numbers. The plant growth regulator NAA, a synthetic auxin, is known to play an active role in fruit development regulation. However, the genetic mechanisms of NAA regulation of stone cell formation are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that exogenous application of 200 μM NAA reduced stone cell content and also significantly decreased the expression level of PbrNSC encoding a transcriptional regulator. PbrNSC was shown to bind to an auxin response factor, PbrARF13. Overexpression of PbrARF13 decreased stone cell content in pear fruit and secondary cell wall (SCW) thickness in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In contrast, knocking down PbrARF13 expression using virus-induced gene silencing had the opposite effect. PbrARF13 was subsequently shown to inhibit PbrNSC expression by directly binding to its promoter, and further to reduce stone cell content. Furthermore, PbrNSC was identified as a positive regulator of PbrMYB132 through analyses of co-expression network of stone cell formation-related genes. PbrMYB132 activated the expression of gene encoding cellulose synthase (PbrCESA4b/7a/8a) and lignin laccase (PbrLAC5) binding to their promotors. As expected, overexpression or knockdown of PbrMYB132 increased or decreased stone cell content in pear fruit and SCW thickness in Arabidopsis transgenic plants. In conclusion, our study shows that the 'PbrARF13-PbrNSC-PbrMYB132' regulatory cascade mediates the biosynthesis of lignin and cellulose in stone cells of pear fruit in response to auxin signals and also provides new insights into plant SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhuo Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manyi Sun
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Mt Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yongsong Xue
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongxiang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weitao Jiang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Runze Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wu Q, Tan XY, Wang YJ, Cheng SW, Cui HW, Yao JL. [Research advances on the mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in body surface wound healing]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2023; 39:190-195. [PMID: 36878529 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20220816-00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a slow and complex biological process, including inflammatory reaction, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, tissue remodeling, and so on. Wnt signaling pathway can be divided into classical pathway and non-classical pathway. Wnt classical pathway, also known as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays an important role in cell differentiation, cell migration, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Many inflammatory factors and growth factors are involved in the upstream regulation of this pathway. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence, development, regeneration, repair and related treatment of skin wounds. This article review the relationship between Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and wound healing, meanwhile summarizes its effects on important processes of wound healing, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, hair follicle regeneration, and skin fibrosis, as well as the role of inhibitors of Wnt signaling pathway in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570105, China
| | - X Y Tan
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570105, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570105, China
| | - S W Cheng
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - H W Cui
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - J L Yao
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
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Wu L, Liu X, Zhang MY, Qi KJ, Jiang XT, Yao JL, Zhang SL, Gu C. Self S-RNase inhibits ABF-LRX signaling to arrest pollen tube growth to achieve self-incompatibility in pear. Plant J 2023; 113:595-609. [PMID: 36545801 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) has been widely studied in flowering plants, but studies of the mechanisms underlying pollen tube growth arrest by self S-RNase in GSI species are limited. In the present study, two leucine-rich repeat extensin genes in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2, were identified based on transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. The expression levels of these two LRX genes were significantly higher in the pollen grains and pollen tubes of the self-compatible cultivar 'Jinzhui' (harboring a spontaneous bud mutation) than in those of the self-incompatible cultivar 'Yali'. Both PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 stimulated pollen tube growth and attenuated the inhibitory effects of self S-RNase on pollen tube growth by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton and enhancing cell wall integrity. These results indicate that abnormal expression of PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 is involved in the loss of self-incompatibility in 'Jinzhui'. The PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 promoters were directly bound by the ABRE-binding factor PbABF.D.2. Knockdown of PbABF.D.2 decreased PbLRXA2.1 and PbLRXA2.2 expression and inhibited pollen tube growth. Notably, the expression of PbLRXA2.1, PbLRXA2.2, and PbABF.D.2 was repressed by self S-RNase, suggesting that self S-RNase can arrest pollen tube growth by restricting the PbABF.D.2-PbLRXA2.1/PbLRXA2.2 signal cascade. These results provide novel insight into pollen tube growth arrest by self S-RNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Jie Qi
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue-Ting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Cabrera J, Guo HY, Yao JL, Wang XM. The effect of different carbon sources on biofouling in membrane fouling simulators: microbial community and implications. Biofouling 2022; 38:747-763. [PMID: 36224109 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2129017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is a problem affecting the operation of nanofiltration systems due to the complexity of the carbon matrix affecting bacteria and biofilm growth. This study used membrane fouling simulators to investigate the effects of five different carbon sources on the biofouling of nanofiltration membranes. For all the carbon sources analyzed, the increase in pressure drop was most accelerated for acetate. The use of acetate as the single carbon source produced less adenosine triphosphate but more extracellular polymers than glucose. The microbial community was analyzed using 16 s rRNA. The use of more than a single carbon source produced an increase in bacteria diversity even at similar concentrations. The relative abundance of proteobacteria was the highest at the phylum level (95%) when a single carbon source was added. Additionally, it was found that the use of different carbon sources produced a shift in the microbial community, affecting the biofouling and pressure drop on membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny Cabrera
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiao-Mao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Gao XH, Tong L, Liu MZ, Zhou XK, Tahir MM, Xing LB, Ma JJ, An N, Zhao CP, Yao JL, Zhang D. Multi-omics analyses reveal MdMYB10 hypermethylation being responsible for a bud sport of apple fruit color. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac179. [PMID: 36338840 PMCID: PMC9627520 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Apple bud sports offer a rich resource for clonal selection of numerous elite cultivars. The accumulation of somatic mutations as plants develop may potentially impact the emergence of bud sports. Previous studies focused on somatic mutation in the essential genes associated with bud sports. However, the rate and function of genome-wide somatic mutations that accumulate when a bud sport arises remain unclear. In this study, we identified a branch from a 10-year-old tree of the apple cultivar 'Oregon Spur II' as a bud sport. The mutant branch showed reduced red coloration on fruit skin. Using this plant material, we assembled a high-quality haplotype reference genome consisting of 649.61 Mb sequences with a contig N50 value of 2.04 Mb. We then estimated the somatic mutation rate of the apple tree to be 4.56 × 10 -8 per base per year, and further identified 253 somatic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including five non-synonymous SNPs, between the original type and mutant samples. Transcriptome analyses showed that 69 differentially expressed genes between the original type and mutant fruit skin were highly correlated with anthocyanin content. DNA methylation in the promoter of five anthocyanin-associated genes was increased in the mutant compared with the original type as determined using DNA methylation profiling. Among the genetic and epigenetic factors that directly and indirectly influence anthocyanin content in the mutant apple fruit skin, the hypermethylated promoter of MdMYB10 is important. This study indicated that numerous somatic mutations accumulated at the emergence of a bud sport from a genome-wide perspective, some of which contribute to the low coloration of the bud sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-hua Gao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Tong
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei-zi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Muhammad Mobeen Tahir
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-bo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan-juan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na An
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cai-ping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Kang C, Yao JL, Liu Z, Han Y. Editorial: Rosaceae Fruit Development and Quality. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:837300. [PMID: 35126442 PMCID: PMC8811160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.837300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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11
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Chen J, Tomes S, Gleave AP, Hall W, Luo Z, Xu J, Yao JL. Significant improvement of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) transgenic plant production by pre-transformation with a Baby boom transcription factor. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhab014. [PMID: 35039859 PMCID: PMC8795818 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BABY BOOM (BBM) is a member of the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) family and its expression has been shown to improve herbaceous plant transformation and regeneration. However, this improvement has not been shown clearly for tree species. This study demonstrated that the efficiency of transgenic apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) plant production was dramatically increased by ectopic expression of the MdBBM1 gene. "Royal Gala" apple plants were first transformed with a CaMV35S-MdBBM1 construct (MBM) under kanamycin selection. These MBM transgenic plants exhibited enhanced shoot regeneration from leaf explants on tissue culture media, with most plants displaying a close-to-normal phenotype compared with CaMV35S-GUS transgenic plants when grown under greenhouse conditions, the exception being that some plants had slightly curly leaves. Thin leaf sections revealed the MBM plants produced more cells than the GUS plants, indicating that ectopic-expression of MdBBM1 enhanced cell division. Transcriptome analysis showed that mRNA levels for cell division activators and repressors linked to hormone (auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid) signalling pathways were enhanced and reduced, respectively, in the MBM plants compared with the GUS plants. Plants of eight independent MBM lines were compared with the GUS plants by re-transforming them with an herbicide-resistant gene construct. The number of transgenic plants produced per 100 leaf explants was 0-3% for the GUS plants, 3-8% for five MBM lines, and 20-30% for three MBM lines. Our results provided a solution for overcoming the barriers to transgenic plant production in apple, and possibly in other trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Hall
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road
Zhengzhou 450009, China
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12
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zhang R, Gao Q, Ding T, Wang H, Yan Z, Yao JL. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic apple fruit overexpressing microRNA172 reveals candidate transcription factors regulating apple fruit development at early stages. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12675. [PMID: 35036153 PMCID: PMC8710058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA172 (miR172) has been proven to be critical for fruit growth, since elevated miR172 activity blocks the growth of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit. However, it is not clear how overexpression of miR172 affects apple fruit developmental processes. Methods To answer this question, the present study, analyzed global transcriptional changes in miR172-overexpressing (miR172OX) and nongenetically modified wild-type (WT) apple fruit at two developmental stages and in different fruit tissues via RNA-seq. In addition, two cultivars, ‘Hanfu’ and ‘M9’, which have naturally fruit size variation, were included to identify miR172-dependent DEGs. qRT–PCRwas used to verify the reliability of our RNA-seq data. Results Overexpression of miR172 altered the expression levels of many cell proliferation- and cell expansion-related genes. Twenty-four libraries were generated, and 10,338 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between miR172OX and WT fruit tissues. ‘Hanfu’ and ‘M9’ are two common cultivars that bear fruit of different sizes (250 g and 75 g, respectively). Six libraries were generated, and 3,627 DEGs were detected between ‘Hanfu’ and ‘M9’. After merging the two datasets, 6,888 candidate miR172-specific DEGs were identified. The potential networks associated with fruit size triggered traits were defined among genes belonging to the families of hormone synthesis, signaling pathways, and transcription factors. Our comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into transcriptome responses to miR172 overexpression in apple fruit and a valuable database for future studies to validate functional genes and elucidate the fruit developmental mechanisms in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhu
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiming Gao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenli Yan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.,The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Ding T, Tomes S, Gleave AP, Zhang H, Dare AP, Plunkett B, Espley RV, Luo Z, Zhang R, Allan AC, Zhou Z, Wang H, Wu M, Dong H, Liu C, Liu J, Yan Z, Yao JL. microRNA172 targets APETALA2 to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in apple (Malus domestica). Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhab007. [PMID: 35039839 PMCID: PMC8846330 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA172 (miR172) plays a role in regulating a diverse range of plant developmental processes, including flowering, fruit development and nodulation. However, its role in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis is unclear. In this study, we show that transgenic apple plants over-expressing miR172 show a reduction in red coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in various tissue types. This reduction was consistent with decreased expression of APETALA2 homolog MdAP2_1a (a miR172 target gene), MdMYB10, and targets of MdMYB10, as demonstrated by both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses. The positive role of MdAP2_1a in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis was supported by the enhanced petal anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing MdAP2_1a, and by the reduction in anthocyanin accumulation in apple and cherry fruits transfected with an MdAP2_1a virus-induced-gene-silencing construct. We demonstrated that MdAP2_1a could bind directly to the promoter and protein sequences of MdMYB10 in yeast and tobacco, and enhance MdMYB10 promotor activity. In Arabidopsis, over-expression of miR172 reduced flavonoid (including anthocyanins and flavonols) concentration and RNA transcript abundance of flavonoid genes in plantlets cultured on medium containing 7% sucrose. The anthocyanin content and RNA abundance of anthocyanin genes could be partially restored by using a synonymous mutant of MdAP2_1a, which had lost the miR172 target sequences at mRNA level, but not restored by using a WT MdAP2_1a. These results indicate that miR172 inhibits flavonoid biosynthesis through suppressing the expression of an AP2 transcription factor that positively regulates MdMYB10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of
Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong
Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Yan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, 32 Gangwan Road, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research
Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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14
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Yao JL, Kang C, Gu C, Gleave AP. The Roles of Floral Organ Genes in Regulating Rosaceae Fruit Development. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:644424. [PMID: 35069608 PMCID: PMC8766977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The function of floral organ identity genes, APETALA1/2/3, PISTILLATA, AGAMOUS, and SEPALLATA1/2/3, in flower development is highly conserved across angiosperms. Emerging evidence shows that these genes also play important roles in the development of the fruit that originates from floral organs following pollination and fertilization. However, their roles in fruit development may vary significantly between species depending on the floral organ types contributing to the fruit tissues. Fruits of the Rosaceae family develop from different floral organ types depending on the species, for example, peach fruit flesh develops from carpellary tissues, whereas apple and strawberry fruit flesh develop from extra-carpellary tissues, the hypanthium and receptacle, respectively. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding floral organ gene function in Rosaceae fruit development and analyze the similarities and diversities within this family as well as between Rosaceae and the model plant species Arabidopsis and tomato. We conclude by suggesting future research opportunities using genomics resources to rapidly dissect gene function in this family of perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chunying Kang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Andrew Peter Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Pi M, Hu S, Cheng L, Zhong R, Cai Z, Liu Z, Yao JL, Kang C. The MADS-box gene FveSEP3 plays essential roles in flower organogenesis and fruit development in woodland strawberry. Hortic Res 2021; 8:247. [PMID: 34848694 PMCID: PMC8632884 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Flower and fruit development are two key steps for plant reproduction. The ABCE model for flower development has been well established in model plant species; however, the functions of ABCE genes in fruit crops are less understood. In this work, we identified an EMS mutant named R27 in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), showing the conversion of petals, stamens, and carpels to sepaloid organs in a semidominant inheritance fashion. Mapping by sequencing revealed that the class E gene homolog FveSEP3 (FvH4_4g23530) possessed the causative mutation in R27 due to a G to E amino acid change in the conserved MADS domain. Additional fvesep3CR mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 displayed similar phenotypes to fvesep3-R27. Overexpressing wild-type or mutated FveSEP3 in Arabidopsis suggested that the mutation in R27 might cause a dominant-negative effect. Further analyses indicated that FveSEP3 physically interacted with each of the ABCE proteins in strawberry. Moreover, both R27 and fvesep3CR mutants exhibited parthenocarpic fruit growth and delayed fruit ripening. Transcriptome analysis revealed that both common and specific differentially expressed genes were identified in young fruit at 6-7 days post anthesis (DPA) of fvesep3 and pollinated wild type when compared to unpollinated wild type, especially those in the auxin pathway, a key hormone regulating fruit set in strawberry. Together, we provided compelling evidence that FveSEP3 plays predominant E functions compared to other E gene homologs in flower development and that FveSEP3 represses fruit growth in the absence of pollination and promotes fruit ripening in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Pi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Laichao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruhan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chunying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Wang X, Pan L, Wang Y, Meng J, Deng L, Niu L, Liu H, Ding Y, Yao JL, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Lu Z, Cui G, Wang Z, Zeng W. PpIAA1 and PpERF4 form a positive feedback loop to regulate peach fruit ripening by integrating auxin and ethylene signals. Plant Sci 2021; 313:111084. [PMID: 34763869 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathways of both auxin and ethylene regulate peach fruit ripening via the Aux/IAA and ERF transcription factors, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate both auxin and ethylene signals during peach fruit ripening remain unclear. In this study, we show that PpIAA1 and PpERF4 act as key players in a positive feedback loop, and promote peach fruit ripening by directly binding to and enhancing the activity of target gene promoters. PpIAA1 increased the expression of the ethylene biosynthesis gene PpACS1. Furthermore, PpERF4 enhanced the transcription of PpACO1 and PpIAA1 genes by binding to their promoters. Additionally, PpIAA1 and PpERF4 bound to each other to form a complex, which then enhanced the transcription of abscisic acid biosynthesis genes (PpNCED2 and PpNCED3) and the fruit softening gene (PpPG1) to levels higher than those achieved by each transcription factor individually. Moreover, overexpression of PpIAA1 in tomato accelerated fruit ripening and shortened the fruit shelf-life by increasing the production of ethylene and the expression levels of ripening regulator genes. Collectively, these results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying peach fruit ripening and softening via auxin and ethylene signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Lei Pan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Junren Meng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Liang Niu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Yifeng Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Zhenhua Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China.
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China.
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17
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Wang R, Xue Y, Fan J, Yao JL, Qin M, Lin T, Lian Q, Zhang M, Li X, Li J, Sun M, Song B, Zhang J, Zhao K, Chen X, Hu H, Fei Z, Xue C, Wu J. A systems genetics approach reveals PbrNSC as a regulator of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit. Genome Biol 2021; 22:313. [PMID: 34776004 PMCID: PMC8590786 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stone cells in fruits of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) negatively influence fruit quality because their lignified cell walls impart a coarse and granular texture to the fruit flesh. RESULTS We generate RNA-seq data from the developing fruits of 206 pear cultivars with a wide range of stone cell contents and use a systems genetics approach to integrate co-expression networks and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) to characterize the regulatory mechanisms controlling lignocellulose formation in the stone cells of pear fruits. Our data with a total of 35,897 expressed genes and 974,404 SNPs support the identification of seven stone cell formation modules and the detection of 139,515 eQTLs for 3229 genes in these modules. Focusing on regulatory factors and using a co-expression network comprising 39 structural genes, we identify PbrNSC as a candidate regulator of stone cell formation. We then verify the function of PbrNSC in regulating lignocellulose formation using both pear fruit and Arabidopsis plants and further show that PbrNSC can transcriptionally activate multiple target genes involved in secondary cell wall formation. CONCLUSIONS This study generates a large resource for studying stone cell formation and provides insights into gene regulatory networks controlling the formation of stone cell and lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yongsong Xue
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Mengfan Qin
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qun Lian
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Manyi Sun
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bobo Song
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kejiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hongju Hu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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18
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Guo ZH, Zhang YJ, Yao JL, Xie ZH, Zhang YY, Zhang SL, Gu C. The NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 transcription factor PpNAC.A59 enhances PpERF.A16 expression to promote ethylene biosynthesis during peach fruit ripening. Hortic Res 2021; 8:209. [PMID: 34593759 PMCID: PMC8484547 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peach is a typical climacteric fruit that releases ethylene during fruit ripening. Several studies have been conducted on the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in peach fruit. Herein, an ethylene response factor, PpERF.A16, which was induced by exogenous ethylene, could enhance ethylene biosynthesis by directly inducing the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (PpACS1) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (PpACO1) genes. Moreover, the NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor (TF) PpNAC.A59 was coexpressed with PpERF.A16 in all tested peach cultivars. Interestingly, PpNAC.A59 can directly interact with the promoter of PpERF.A16 to induce its expression but not enhance LUC activity driven by any promoter of PpACS1 or PpACO1. Thus, PpNAC.A59 can indirectly mediate ethylene biosynthesis via the NAC-ERF signaling cascade to induce the expression of both PpACS1 and PpACO1. These results enrich the genetic network of fruit ripening in peach and provide new insight into the ripening mechanism of other perennial fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Guo
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Jia Zhang
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Hua Xie
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Gu
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
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19
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Liao L, Zhang W, Zhang B, Fang T, Wang XF, Cai Y, Ogutu C, Gao L, Chen G, Nie X, Xu J, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Yu J, Wang C, Deng CH, Ma B, Zheng B, You CX, Hu DG, Espley R, Lin-Wang K, Yao JL, Allan AC, Khan A, Korban SS, Fei Z, Ming R, Hao YJ, Li L, Han Y. Unraveling a genetic roadmap for improved taste in the domesticated apple. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1454-1471. [PMID: 34022440 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although taste is an important aspect of fruit quality, an understanding of its genetic control remains elusive in apple and other fruit crops. In this study, we conducted genomic sequence analysis of 497 Malus accessions and revealed erosion of genetic diversity caused by apple breeding and possible independent domestication events of dessert and cider apples. Signatures of selection for fruit acidity and size, but not for fruit sugar content, were detected during the processes of both domestication and improvement. Furthermore, we found that single mutations in major genes affecting fruit taste, including Ma1, MdTDT, and MdSOT2, dramatically decrease malate, citrate, and sorbitol accumulation, respectively, and correspond to important domestication events. Interestingly, Ma1 was identified to have pleiotropic effects on both organic acid content and sugar:acid ratio, suggesting that it plays a vital role in determining fruit taste. Fruit taste is unlikely to have been negatively affected by linkage drag associated with selection for larger fruit that resulted from the pyramiding of multiple genes with minor effects on fruit size. Collectively, our study provides new insights into the genetic basis of fruit quality and its evolutionary roadmap during apple domestication, pinpointing several candidate genes for genetic manipulation of fruit taste in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weihan Zhang
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Yaming Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Collins Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Nie
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quanyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Yiran Ren
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Chukun Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Baiquan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Richard Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Awais Khan
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Schuyler S Korban
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China.
| | - Li Li
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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20
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Chen J, Li G, Zhang H, Yuan Z, Li W, Peng Z, Shi M, Ding W, Zhang H, Cheng Y, Yao JL, Xu J. Primary Bitter Taste of Citrus is Linked to a Functional Allele of the 1,2-Rhamnosyltransferase Gene Originating from Citrus grandis. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:9869-9882. [PMID: 34410124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Rhamnosyltransferase (1,2RhaT) catalyzes the final step of production of flavanone neohesperidoside (FNH) that is responsible for the primary bitter taste of citrus fruits. In this study, species-specific flavonoid profiles were determined in 87 Citrus accessions by identifying eight main flavanone glycosides (FGs). Accumulation of FNHs was completely correlated to the presence of the 1,2RhaT gene in 87 citrus accessions analyzed using a novel 1,2RhaT-specific DNA marker. Pummelo (Citrus grandis) was identified as the genetic origin for a function allele of 1,2RhaT that underpinned FNH-bitterness in modern citrus cultivars. In addition, genes encoding six MYB and five bHLH transcription factors were shown to coexpress with 1,2RhaT and other flavonoid pathway genes related to FNH accumulation, indicating that these transcription factors may affect the fruit taste of citrus. This study provides a better understanding of bitterness formation in Citrus varieties and a genetic marker for the early selection of nonbitterness lines in citrus breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Gu Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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21
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Lu Z, Cao H, Pan L, Niu L, Wei B, Cui G, Wang L, Yao JL, Zeng W, Wang Z. Two loss-of-function alleles of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene cause anthocyanin deficiency in flower and fruit skin of peach (Prunus persica). Plant J 2021; 107:1320-1331. [PMID: 33964100 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flower and fruit colors are important agronomic traits. To date, there is no forward genetic evidence that the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene is responsible for the white flower color in peach (Prunus persica). In this study, genetic analysis indicated that the white-flower trait is monogenetic, is recessive to the non-white allele, and shows pleiotropic effects with non-white-flowered types. The genetic locus underpinning this trait was mapped onto chromosome 3 between 0.421951 and 3.227115 Mb by using bulked segregant analysis in conjunction with whole-genome sequencing, and was further mapped between 0 and 1.178149 Mb by using the backcross 1 (BC1 ) population. Finally, the locus was fine-mapped within 535.974- and 552.027-kb intervals by using 151 F2 individuals and 75 individuals from a BC1 self-pollinated (BC1 S1 ) population, respectively. Pp3G013600, encoding a GST that is known to transport anthocyanin, was identified within the mapping interval. The analysis of genome sequence data showed Pp3G013600 in white flowers has a 2-bp insertion or a 5-bp deletion in the third exon. These variants likely render the GST non-functional because of early stop codons that reduce the protein length from 215 amino acids to 167 and 175 amino acids, respectively. Genetic markers based on these variants validated a complete correlation between the GST loss-of-function alleles and white flower in 128 peach accessions. This correlation was further confirmed by silencing of Pp3G013600 using virus-induced gene silencing technology, which reduced anthocyanin accumulation in peach fruit. The new knowledge from this study is useful for designing peach breeding programs to generate cultivars with white flower and fruit skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Lu
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Pan
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Niu
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Wei
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - GuoChao Cui
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- National Peach and Grape Improvement Center/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Tian Y, Yao JL, Bian S, Zhang H, Zhang R, Gao Q, Yan Z. MdPR4, a pathogenesis-related protein in apple, is involved in chitin recognition and resistance response to apple replant disease pathogens. J Plant Physiol 2021; 260:153390. [PMID: 33667937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To maximize breeding and exploitation of disease resistance traits for managing apple replant disease (ARD), it is of great importance to understand the mechanisms of apple root resistance. Currently, little is known about the functions of the specific genes that confer resistance traits in apple root. In this study, molecular, biochemical, and genetic approaches allowed an in-depth understanding of the role of the MdPR4 gene in the defense response of apple root. The MdPR4 encoding gene showed upregulation following ARD pathogen inoculation in our previous transcriptome data. Subcellular localization analyses revealed that MdPR4 is localized on the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and apoplast, which is mainly determined by its signal peptide. Molecular docking analysis between MdPR4 protein with chitin molecule and in vitro MdPR4 chitin affinity assay proved its chitin-binding ability, which provided evidence for its role in chitin-mediated immune responses. Purified MdPR4 protein and MdPR4 overexpressed apple callus inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of ARD-related Fusarium spp. pathogens. These data support the conclusion that MdPR4 is a chitin-binding protein in apple vegetative tissues that may play an important role in defense activation in response to ARD pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yanmin Zhu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - Yi Tian
- National Agricultural Engineering Center for North Mountain Region of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shuxun Bian
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Qiming Gao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Zhenli Yan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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23
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Ding T, Zhang R, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Liu C, Wu M, Wang H, Dong H, Liu J, Yao JL, Yan Z. Identification of gene co-expression networks and key genes regulating flavonoid accumulation in apple (Malus × domestica) fruit skin. Plant Sci 2021; 304:110747. [PMID: 33568292 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin provides a red color for apple and health benefit for human. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of regulating apple color formation, we analyzed 27 transcriptomes of fruit skin from three cultivars 'Huashuo' (red-skinned), 'Hongcuibao' (red-skinned), and 'Golden Delicious' (yellow-skinned) at 0, 2, and 6 days after bag removal. Using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA), we constructed 17 co-expression modules. Among them, a specific module was negatively correlated to anthocyanin accumulation. The genes in the module are enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. These pathway genes were used to construct gene co-expression network of anthocyanin accumulation. Finally, a R2R3-MYB repressor designated MdMYB28 was identified as a key hub gene in the anthocyanin metabolism network. During the anthocyanin accumulation of apple fruit skin reaching a peak, MdMYB28 expression level was negatively correlated with the anthocyanin content. MdMYB28 was shown to directly bind to the promoter of MdMYB10 in yeast one-hybrid analyses. Over-expression of MdMYB28 decreased the anthocyanin biosynthesis in tobacco flower petals, suggesting that MdMYB28 acts as a negatively regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Hengtao Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Haiqing Dong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Zhenli Yan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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24
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Guo J, Cao K, Yao JL, Deng C, Li Y, Zhu G, Fang W, Chen C, Wang X, Wu J, Guo W, Wang L. Reduced expression of a subunit gene of sucrose non-fermenting 1 related kinase, PpSnRK1βγ, confers flat fruit abortion in peach by regulating sugar and starch metabolism. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33568056 PMCID: PMC7877075 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit abortion is a major limiting factor for fruit production. In flat peach, fruit abortion is present in the whole tree of some accessions during early fruit development. However, the physiological factors and genetic mechanism underlying flat fruit abortion remain largely elusive. RESULTS In this study, we have revealed that the fertilization process was accomplished and the reduction of sucrose and starch contents might result in flat fruit abortion. By combining association and gene expression analysis, a key candidate gene, PpSnRK1βγ, was identified. A 1.67-Mb inversion co-segregated with flat fruit shape altered the promoter activity of PpSnRK1βγ, resulting in much lower expression in aborting flat peach. Ectopic transformation in tomato and transient overexpression in peach fruit have shown that PpSnRK1βγ could increase sugar and starch contents. Comparative transcriptome analysis further confirmed that PpSnRK1βγ participated in carbohydrate metabolism. Subcellular localization found that PpSnRK1βγ was located in nucleus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a possible reason for flat fruit abortion and identified a critical candidate gene, PpSnRK1βγ, that might be responsible for flat fruit abortion in peach. The results will provide great help in peach breeding and facilitate gene identification for fruit abortion in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yong Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changwen Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Guo
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lirong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wang X, Meng J, Deng L, Wang Y, Liu H, Yao JL, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Wang Z, Zeng W. Diverse Functions of IAA-Leucine Resistant PpILR1 Provide a Genic Basis for Auxin-Ethylene Crosstalk During Peach Fruit Ripening. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:655758. [PMID: 34054901 PMCID: PMC8149794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.655758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and ethylene play critical roles in the ripening of peach (Prunus persica) fruit; however, the interaction between these two phytohormones is complex and not fully understood. Here, we isolated a peach ILR gene, PpILR1, which encodes an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amino hydrolase. Functional analyses revealed that PpILR1 acts as a transcriptional activator of 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (PpACS1), and hydrolyzes auxin substrates to release free auxin. When Cys137 was changed to Ser137, PpILR1 failed to show hydrolase activity but continued to function as a transcriptional activator of PpACS1 in tobacco and peach transient expression assays. Furthermore, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing PpILR1 exhibited ethylene- and strigolactone-related phenotypes, including premature pedicel abscission, leaf and petiole epinasty, and advanced fruit ripening, which are consistent with increased expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening, as well as suppression of branching and growth of internodes (related to strigolactone biosynthesis). Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the role of IAA-amino acid hydrolases in plants, and position the PpILR1 protein at the junction of auxin and ethylene pathways during peach fruit ripening. These results could have substantial implications on peach fruit cultivation and storage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junren Meng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhiqiang Wang
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfang Zeng
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Gu C, Xu HY, Zhou YH, Yao JL, Xie ZH, Chen YY, Zhang SL. Multiomics analyses unveil the involvement of microRNAs in pear fruit senescence under high- or low-temperature conditions. Hortic Res 2020; 7:196. [PMID: 33328454 PMCID: PMC7705739 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Senescence leads to declines in fruit quality and shortening of shelf life. It is known that low temperatures (LTs) efficiently delay fruit senescence and that high temperatures (HTs) accelerate senescence. However, the molecular mechanism by which temperature affects senescence is unclear. Herein, through multiomics analyses of fruits subjected to postharvest HT, LT, and room temperature treatments, a total of 56 metabolic compounds and 700 mRNAs were identified to be associated with fruit senescence under HT or LT conditions. These compounds could be divided into antisenescent (I→III) and prosenescent (IV→VI) types. HT affected the expression of 202 mRNAs to enhance the biosynthesis of prosenescent compounds of types V and VI and to inhibit the accumulation of antisenescent compounds of types II and III. LT affected the expression of 530 mRNAs to promote the accumulation of antisenescent compounds of types I and II and to impede the biosynthesis of prosenescent compounds of types IV and V. Moreover, 16 microRNAs were isolated in response to HT or LT conditions and interacted with the mRNAs associated with fruit senescence under HT or LT conditions. Transient transformation of pear fruit showed that one of these microRNAs, Novel_188, can mediate fruit senescence by interacting with its target Pbr027651.1. Thus, both HT and LT conditions can affect fruit senescence by affecting microRNA-mRNA interactions, but the molecular networks are different in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huan-Yu Xu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhou
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Hua Xie
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang-Yang Chen
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Guo J, Cao K, Deng C, Li Y, Zhu G, Fang W, Chen C, Wang X, Wu J, Guan L, Wu S, Guo W, Yao JL, Fei Z, Wang L. An integrated peach genome structural variation map uncovers genes associated with fruit traits. Genome Biol 2020; 21:258. [PMID: 33023652 PMCID: PMC7539501 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome structural variations (SVs) have been associated with key traits in a wide range of agronomically important species; however, SV profiles of peach and their functional impacts remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we present an integrated map of 202,273 SVs from 336 peach genomes. A substantial number of SVs have been selected during peach domestication and improvement, which together affect 2268 genes. Genome-wide association studies of 26 agronomic traits using these SVs identify a number of candidate causal variants. A 9-bp insertion in Prupe.4G186800, which encodes a NAC transcription factor, is shown to be associated with early fruit maturity, and a 487-bp deletion in the promoter of PpMYB10.1 is associated with flesh color around the stone. In addition, a 1.67 Mb inversion is highly associated with fruit shape, and a gene adjacent to the inversion breakpoint, PpOFP1, regulates flat shape formation. CONCLUSIONS The integrated peach SV map and the identified candidate genes and variants represent valuable resources for future genomic research and breeding in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yong Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changwen Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Guan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wenwu Guo
- College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Lirong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
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Shi M, Liu X, Zhang H, He Z, Yang H, Chen J, Feng J, Yang W, Jiang Y, Yao JL, Deng CH, Xu J. The IAA- and ABA-responsive transcription factor CgMYB58 upregulates lignin biosynthesis and triggers juice sac granulation in pummelo. Hortic Res 2020; 7:139. [PMID: 32922811 PMCID: PMC7458917 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In citrus, lignin overaccumulation in the juice sac results in granulation and an unpleasant fruit texture and taste. By integrating metabolic phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses, we found 702 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 24 transcription factors (TFs), to be significantly correlated with lignin content. CgMYB58 was further identified as a critical R2R3 MYB TF involved in lignin overaccumulation owing to its high transcript levels in Huanong Red-fleshed pummelo (HR, Citrus grandis) fruits. Transient expression of CgMYB58 led to an increase in the lignin content in the pummelo fruit mesocarp, whereas its stable overexpression significantly promoted lignin accumulation and upregulated 19 lignin biosynthetic genes. Among these genes, CgPAL1, CgPAL2, Cg4CL1, and CgC3H were directly modulated by CgMYB58 through interaction with their promoter regions. Moreover, we showed that juice sac granulation in pummelo fruits could be affected by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. In HR pummelo, ABA significantly accelerated this granulation, whereas IAA effectively inhibited this process. Taken together, these results provide novel insight into the lignin accumulation mechanism in citrus fruits. We also revealed the theoretical basis via exogenous IAA application, which repressed the expression of CgMYB58 and its target genes, thus alleviating juice sac granulation in orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Youwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Hong Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
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29
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Zhang H, Liu C, Yao JL, Deng CH, Chen S, Chen J, Wang Z, Yu Q, Cheng Y, Xu J. Citrus mangshanensis Pollen Confers a Xenia Effect on Linalool Oxide Accumulation in Pummelo Fruit by Enhancing the Expression of a Cytochrome P450 78A7 Gene CitLO1. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:9468-9476. [PMID: 31379158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aroma quality of citrus fruit is determined by volatiles that are present at extremely low levels in the citrus fruit juice sacs; it can be greatly improved by increasing volatiles. In this study, we showed that the contents of cis- and trans-linalool oxides were significantly increased in the juice sacs of three pummelos artificially pollinated with the Citrus mangshanensis (MS) pollen. A novel cytochrome P450 78A7 gene (CitLO1) was significantly upregulated in the juice sacs of Huanong Red pummelo pollinated with MS pollen in comparison to that with open pollination. Compared to wild-type tobacco Bright-Yellow2 cells, transgenic cells overexpressing CitLO1 promoted a 3- to 4-fold more conversion of (-)-linalool to cis- and trans-linalool oxides. Overall, our results suggest that MS pollen has a xenia effect on pummelo fruit aroma quality, and CitLO1 is a linalool oxide synthase gene that played an important role in the xenia effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- College of Horticulture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , P. R. China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited , Private Bag 92169 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Hong Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited , Private Bag 92169 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Shilin Chen
- Agricultural Bureau of Yichang District , Yiling 443310 , P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Qiaoming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
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30
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Wang X, Zeng W, Ding Y, Wang Y, Niu L, Yao JL, Pan L, Lu Z, Cui G, Li G, Wang Z. Peach ethylene response factor PpeERF2 represses the expression of ABA biosynthesis and cell wall degradation genes during fruit ripening. Plant Sci 2019; 283:116-126. [PMID: 31128681 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are known to regulate fruit ripening. However, the ERF regulatory networks are not clear. In this study, we have shown that peach (Prunus persica) PpeERF2 regulates fruit ripening through suppressing the expression of two ABA biosynthesis genes (PpeNCED2, PpeNCED3) and a cell wall degradation gene (PpePG1). The transcript levels of PpeERF2 in fruit were opposite to that of PpeNCED2, PpeNCED3 and PpePG1 during ripening and in response to various ripening treatments. PpeERF2 was found to bind to the PpeNCED2, PpeNCED3 and PpePG1 promotors as demonstrated by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and EMSA assays; and further found to repress the promoter activities of the three genes in tobacco leaf tissues after Agrobacterium infiltration. Taken together, these results provide new information for a better understanding of the crosstalk network between ethylene signaling, cell wall degradation and ABA biosynthesis during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Yifeng Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lei Pan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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31
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Chen J, Yuan Z, Zhang H, Li W, Shi M, Peng Z, Li M, Tian J, Deng X, Cheng Y, Deng CH, Xie Z, Zeng J, Yao JL, Xu J. Cit1,2RhaT and two novel CitdGlcTs participate in flavor-related flavonoid metabolism during citrus fruit development. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:2759-2771. [PMID: 30840066 PMCID: PMC6506761 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Neohesperidosides are disaccharides that are present in some flavonoids and impart a bitter taste, which can significantly affect the commercial value of citrus fruits. In this study, we identified three flavonoid-7-O-di-glucosyltransferase (dGlcT) genes closely related to 1,2-rhamnosyltransferase (1,2RhaT) in citrus genomes. However, only 1,2RhaT was directly linked to the accumulation of neohesperidoside, as demonstrated by association analysis of 50 accessions and co-segregation analysis of an F1 population derived from Citrus reticulata × Poncirus trifoliata. In transgenic tobacco BY2 cells, over-expression of CitdGlcTs resulted in flavonoid-7-O-glucosides being catalysed into bitterless flavonoid-7-O-di-glucosides, whereas over-expression of Cit1,2RhaT converted the same substrate into bitter-tasting flavonoid-7-O-neohesperidoside. Unlike 1,2RhaT, during citrus fruit development the dGlcTs showed an opposite expression pattern to CHS and CHI, two genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis. An uncoupled availability of dGlcTs and substrates might result in trace accumulation of flavonoid-7-O-di-glucosides in the fruit of C. maxima (pummelo). Past human selection of the deletion and functional mutation of 1,2RhaT has led step-by-step to the evolution of the flavor-related metabolic network in citrus. Our research provides the basis for potentially improving the taste in citrus fruit through manipulation of the network by knocking-out 1,2RhaT or by enhancing the expression of dGlcT using genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Cecilia Hong Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiwu Zeng
- Guangdong Fruit Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
- Correspondence: or
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Correspondence: or
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32
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Zhang Y, Yao JL, Feng H, Jiang J, Fan X, Jia YF, Wang R, Liu C. Identification of the defense-related gene VdWRKY53 from the wild grapevine Vitis davidii using RNA sequencing and ectopic expression analysis in Arabidopsis. Hereditas 2019; 156:14. [PMID: 31057347 PMCID: PMC6486689 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Grapevine is an important fruit crop grown worldwide, and its cultivars are mostly derived from the European species Vitis vinifera, which has genes for high fruit quality and adaptation to a wide variety of climatic conditions. Disease resistance varies substantially across grapevine species; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying such variation remain uncharacterized. Results The anatomical structure and disease symptoms of grapevine leaves were analyzed for two grapevine species, and the critical period of resistance of grapevine to pathogenic bacteria was determined to be 12 h post inoculation (hpi). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from transcriptome analysis of leaf samples obtained at 12 and 36 hpi, and the transcripts in four pathways (cell wall genes, LRR receptor-like genes, WRKY genes, and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes) were classified into four co-expression groups by using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). The gene VdWRKY53, showing the highest transcript level, was introduced into Arabidopsis plants by using a vector containing the CaMV35S promoter. These procedures allowed identifying the key genes contributing to differences in disease resistance between a strongly resistant accession of a wild grapevine species Vitis davidii (VID) and a susceptible cultivar of V. vinifera, ‘Manicure Finger’ (VIV). Vitis davidii, but not VIV, showed a typical hypersensitive response after infection with a fungal pathogen (Coniella diplodiella) causing white rot disease. Further, 20 defense-related genes were identified, and their differential expression between the two grapevine species was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. VdWRKY53, showing the highest transcript level, was selected for functional analysis and therefore over-expressed in Arabidopsis under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The transgenic plants showed enhanced resistance to C. diplodiella and to two other pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Conclusion The consistency of the results in VID and transgenic Arabidopsis indicated that VdWRKY53 might be involved in the activation of defense-related genes that enhance the resistance of these plants to pathogens. Thus, the over-expression of VdWRKY53 in transgenic grapevines might improve their resistance to pathogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-019-0089-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- 2The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hu Feng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Jianfu Jiang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Xiucai Fan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Yun-Fei Jia
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Ran Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
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Xue C, Yao JL, Xue YS, Su GQ, Wang L, Lin LK, Allan AC, Zhang SL, Wu J. PbrMYB169 positively regulates lignification of stone cells in pear fruit. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1801-1814. [PMID: 30715420 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Stone cells negatively affect fruit quality because of their firm and lignified cell walls, so are targets for reduction in pear breeding programmes. However, there is only limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of stone cells. Here, we show that PbrMYB169, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, of Pyrus bretschneideri positively regulates lignification of stone cells in pear fruit. PbrMYB169 was shown to be co-expressed with lignin biosynthesis genes during pear fruit development, and this co-expression pattern was coincident with stone cell formation in the fruit of Pyrus bretschneideri 'Dangshansuli'. The PbrMYB169 expression level was also positively correlated with stone cell content in 36 pear cultivars tested. PbrMYB169 protein significantly activated the promoter of lignin genes C3H1, CCR1, CCOMT2, CAD, 4CL1, 4CL2, HCT2, and LAC18 via binding to AC elements [ACC(T/A)ACC] in these promoters. Furthermore, overexpression of PbrMYB169 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants enhanced the expression of lignin genes, and increased lignin deposition and cell wall thickness of vessel elements, but did not change the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl lignin monomers. In conclusion, PbrMYB169 appears to be a transcriptional activator of lignin biosynthesis and regulates secondary wall formation in fruit stone cells. This study advances the understanding of the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and provides valuable molecular genetic information for reducing stone cell content in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yong-Song Xue
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guan-Qing Su
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Kun Lin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wang X, Zeng W, Ding Y, Wang Y, Niu L, Yao JL, Pan L, Lu Z, Cui G, Li G, Wang Z. PpERF3 positively regulates ABA biosynthesis by activating PpNCED2/3 transcription during fruit ripening in peach. Hortic Res 2019; 6:19. [PMID: 30729009 PMCID: PMC6355789 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene regulates ripening in climacteric fruits. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) affects ethylene biosynthesis, but whether ethylene influences ABA biosynthesis is unknown. To explore this possibility, we investigated the interactions between the ABA biosynthesis genes PpNCED2/3 and the ethylene response transcription factor PpERF3 in peach fruit. The ABA content increased during fruit maturation and reached a peak at stage S4 III. The increase was greatly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP, which also suppressed PpERF3 expression. PpERF3 shared a similar expression profile with PpNCED2/3, encoding a rate-limiting enzyme involved in ABA biosynthesis, during fruit ripening. A yeast one-hybrid assay suggested that the nuclear-localized PpERF3 might bind to the promoters of PpNCED2/3. PpERF3 increased the expression of PpNCED2/3 as shown by dual-luciferase reporters, promoter-GUS assays and transient expression analyses in peach fruit. Collectively, these results suggest that ethylene promotes ABA biosynthesis through PpERF3's regulation of the expression of ABA biosynthesis genes PpNCED2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Wenfang Zeng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lei Pan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guochao Cui
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 450009 Zhengzhou, China
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Xue H, Wang S, Yao JL, Deng CH, Wang L, Su Y, Zhang H, Zhou H, Sun M, Li X, Yang J. Chromosome level high-density integrated genetic maps improve the Pyrus bretschneideri 'DangshanSuli' v1.0 genome. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:833. [PMID: 30463521 PMCID: PMC6249763 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal level reference genomes provide a crucial foundation for genomics research such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole genome selection. The chromosomal-level sequences of both the European (Pyrus communis) and Chinese (P. bretschneideri) pear genomes have not been published in public databases so far. Results To anchor the scaffolds of P. bretschneideri ‘DangshanSuli’ (DS) v1.0 genome into pseudo-chromosomes, two genetic maps (MH and YM maps) were constructed using half sibling populations of Chinese pear crosses, ‘Mantianhong’ (MTH) × ‘Hongxiangsu’ (HXS) and ‘Yuluxiang’ (YLX) × MTH, from 345 and 162 seedlings, respectively, which were prepared for SNP discovery using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. The MH and YM maps, each with 17 linkage groups (LGs), were constructed from 2606 and 2489 SNP markers and spanned 1847 and 1668 cM, respectively, with average marker intervals of 0.7. The two maps were further merged with a previously published genetic map (BD) based on the cross ‘Bayuehong’ (BYH) × ‘Dangshansuli’ (DS) to build a new integrated MH-YM-BD map. By using 7757 markers located on the integrated MH-YM-BD map, 898 scaffolds (400.57 Mb) of the DS v1.0 assembly were successfully anchored into 17 pseudo-chromosomes, accounting for 78.8% of the assembled genome size. About 88.31% of them (793 scaffolds) were directionally anchored with two or more markers on the pseudo-chromosomes. Furthermore, the errors in each pseudo-chromosome (especially 1, 5, 7 and 11) were manually corrected and pseudo-chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 were extended by adding 19, 12 and 14 scaffolds respectively in the newly constructed DS v1.1 genome. Synteny analyses revealed that the DS v1.1 genome had high collinearity with the apple genome, and the homologous fragments between pseudo-chromosomes were similar to those found in previous studies. Moreover, the red-skin trait of Asian pear was mapped to an identical locus as identified previously. Conclusions The accuracy of DS v1.1 genome was improved by using larger mapping populations and merged genetic map. With more than 400 MB anchored to 17 pseudo-chromosomes, the new DS v1.1 genome provides a critical tool that is essential for studies of pear genetics, genomics and molecular breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5224-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabai Xue
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Suke Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.,The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia H Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Long Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Yanli Su
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Huirong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China
| | - Huangkai Zhou
- Guangzhou Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510320, China
| | - Minshan Sun
- Guangzhou Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510320, China
| | - Xiugen Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450009, China.
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Liu ZH, Lin W, Wang YY, Wu B, Yuan SX, Yao JL, Zhao XS, Chen B, Qiao YL, Zhao FH, Chen W, Hu SY. [Risk stratification of type-specific human papillomavirus for cervical precancers: evidence from a cross-sectional study in Shenzhen]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018; 40:757-763. [PMID: 30392340 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological genotype features of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical infection and their risks for cervical precancers among women in Shenzhen area. Methods: A total of 2 717 individuals ranging in age from 30~59 years were recruited in 18 community health centers of Shenzhen city from March 1 to June 15, 2015 by a cluster sampling method. The results of genotype of HPV, liquid-based cytology (LBC), colposcopy and pathology were analyzed. The clinical sensitivity and specificity as well as positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of the combination of different HPV genotype in screening the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and above were estimated. Results: The HPV infection rate in Shenzhen area was 15.9% (432/2 717). The most common HPV genotype was HPV52 (22.9%), followed by HPV16 (12.7%), HPV53 (10.0%), HPV51 (8.6%) and HPV58 (8.1%). Compared with HPV16/18 genotyping, HPV33/16 genotyping had a higher sensitivity (57.1% vs. 42.9%, P<0.05) and an analogous specificity (87.3% vs. 86.9%, P>0.05) in predicting CIN2+ . The sensitivity of combination of HPV33/16 genotyping and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) positive tested by LBC in predicting CIN2+ was 75.0%, significantly higher than 64.3% of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) positive tested by LBC alone (P<0.05). The specificities of these two methods mentioned above in predicting CIN2+ were 83.5% and 89.2%, respectively, without statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: Women infected by HPV have distinct risks for CIN2+ according to different high-risk HPV genotypes. The top five risks were HPV 33, 16, 58, 56, and 68. HPV-positive women triaged by LBC LSIL+ combined with HPV33/16 genotyping may be a potential strategy for cervical cancer screening in developed urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - W Lin
- Department of Healthcare, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Department of Healthcare, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - B Wu
- Department of Healthcare, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - S X Yuan
- Department of Healthcare, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - J L Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - X S Zhao
- Department of Healthcare, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Healthcare, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Y L Qiao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - F H Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - W Chen
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - S Y Hu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Xue H, Wang S, Yao JL, Zhang X, Yang J, Wang L, Su Y, Chen L, Zhang H, Li X. The genetic locus underlying red foliage and fruit skin traits is mapped to the same location in the two pear bud mutants 'Red Zaosu' and 'Max Red Bartlett'. Hereditas 2018; 155:25. [PMID: 30083084 PMCID: PMC6069814 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-018-0063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Red-skinned pears are attractive to consumers because of their aesthetic appeal and the antioxidant-associated health benefits provided by the anthocyanins in their red skin. In China, the ‘Red Zaosu’ (RZS) red bud mutation of the Zaosu (ZS) pear has been used as a parent in Asian pear breeding to generate new cultivars with crispy red fruit and red tender shoots resembling those of the ‘Max Red Bartlett’ (MRB) pears. Results In this study, a segregation ratio of 1:1 was observed between plants with red or green shoots in four families with RZS as the only red shoot gene donor parent, suggesting that the red shoot trait of RZS is associated with a dominant gene. Three markers, In1400–1, In1579–1 and In1579–3, were chosen from 22 pairs of indel primers targeting regions in the vicinity of the previously identified red fruit skin locus of MRB and were able to effectively distinguish the eight red shoot plants from the eight green shoot plants. Linkage analysis indicated that the genetic distance between the two marker loci (In1579–1 and In1579–3) and the red shoot locus of RZS were both 1.4 cM, while the genetic distance between the In1400–1 marker and the red shoot locus was 2.1 cM. The physical position of the red locus in RZS should be in the 368.6 kb candidate interval at the bottom of LG4. Conclusions The genetic locus responsible for the red tender shoots of RZS was located in the same interval of the red fruit skin gene of MRB, meaning that the bud mutation loci of RZS and MRB may be the same or adjacent to each other, and the red shoot trait and the red fruit skin trait in RZS may be controlled by the same, or a closely linked locus. As a result, breeders could use red shoots as a morphological marker to select for the red-skinned hybrids from RZS families. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-018-0063-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabai Xue
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Suke Wang
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- 2The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland, 1025 New Zealand
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- 3Research Institute of Horticultural crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091 China
| | - Jian Yang
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Long Wang
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Yanli Su
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Lei Chen
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Huirong Zhang
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
| | - Xiugen Li
- 1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009 China
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Wang YY, Lin W, Wu B, Yuan SX, Yao JL, Zhao XS, Chen B, Qiao YL, Zhao FH, Chen W, Hu SY, Liu ZH. [Distribution and associated factors of high-risk HPV genotypes infection among HPV-positive women who participated cervical screening test in Shenzhen, 2014-2016, China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:480-485. [PMID: 29747339 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the distribution and associated factors of high-risk genotypes of HPV in cervical infection among women in Shenzhen. Methods: The information on sociodemographic characteristics and HPV genotypes of HPV-positive women who participated cervical screening test from January 2014 to December 2016 was downloaded from Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Management Information System. According to the pathogenicity, the high-risk HPV genotypes were divided into 15 types including HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68; and there were 6 low-risk genotypes including HPV 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, and 81. Chi-square tests were applied to compare the proportions of high-risk HPV infection among women who had different sociodemographic characteristics. A non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the associated factors for high-risk HPV infection. Results: In total, all HIV positives received HPV genotyping, with an average age of (38.08±9.38) years old. There were 9 979 (93.9%) high-risk and 645 (6.1%) low-risk HPV infections. The proportions of HPV infections for high-risk type in each year were 91.5%, 93.8%, and 95.6%, increasing with the screening years (χ(2)=54.79, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with women younger than 25 years old, women in other age groups (at age 26 to 30 years, 31 to 35 years, 36 to 40 years, 41 to 45 years, and 50 years or older) had increased risks of high-risk HPV infection, with OR (95%CI) of 1.67 (1.20-2.31), 1.49 (1.09-2.03), 1.71 (1.23-2.37), 1.65 (1.19-2.31), and 1.84 (1.26-2.67), respectively; compared with the married, single women had a decreased risk of high-risk HPV infection (OR (95%CI): 0.71 (0.50-1.00)); women received HPV testing in 2015 and 2016 showed higher risk of high-risk HPV infection than those in 2014 (OR (95%CI): 1.43 (1.17-1.74) and 2.03 (1.68-2.46)). The 5 most common HPV genotypes were HPV52 (25.1%, 2 670 cases), followed by HPV16 (19.2%, 2 041 cases), HPV58 (13.3%, 1 413 cases), HPV18 (9.9%, 1 048 cases), and HPV51 (9.3%, 993 cases). Conclusion: Age, marital status, and screening year were associated with high-risk HPV infections. Besides HPV16 and HPV18, the prevention and control on HPV infections for HPV52, HPV58, and HPV51 should be prioritized in Shenzhen area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wang
- Department of Health Care, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
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Pilkington SM, Crowhurst R, Hilario E, Nardozza S, Fraser L, Peng Y, Gunaseelan K, Simpson R, Tahir J, Deroles SC, Templeton K, Luo Z, Davy M, Cheng C, McNeilage M, Scaglione D, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Datson P, De Silva N, Gardiner SE, Bassett H, Chagné D, McCallum J, Dzierzon H, Deng C, Wang YY, Barron L, Manako K, Bowen J, Foster TM, Erridge ZA, Tiffin H, Waite CN, Davies KM, Grierson EP, Laing WA, Kirk R, Chen X, Wood M, Montefiori M, Brummell DA, Schwinn KE, Catanach A, Fullerton C, Li D, Meiyalaghan S, Nieuwenhuizen N, Read N, Prakash R, Hunter D, Zhang H, McKenzie M, Knäbel M, Harris A, Allan AC, Gleave A, Chen A, Janssen BJ, Plunkett B, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Voogd C, Leif D, Lafferty D, Souleyre EJF, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Gambi F, Hanley J, Yao JL, Cheung J, David KM, Warren B, Marsh K, Snowden KC, Lin-Wang K, Brian L, Martinez-Sanchez M, Wang M, Ileperuma N, Macnee N, Campin R, McAtee P, Drummond RSM, Espley RV, Ireland HS, Wu R, Atkinson RG, Karunairetnam S, Bulley S, Chunkath S, Hanley Z, Storey R, Thrimawithana AH, Thomson S, David C, Testolin R, Huang H, Hellens RP, Schaffer RJ. A manually annotated Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (kiwifruit) genome highlights the challenges associated with draft genomes and gene prediction in plants. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:257. [PMID: 29661190 PMCID: PMC5902842 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most published genome sequences are drafts, and most are dominated by computational gene prediction. Draft genomes typically incorporate considerable sequence data that are not assigned to chromosomes, and predicted genes without quality confidence measures. The current Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) ‘Hongyang’ draft genome has 164 Mb of sequences unassigned to pseudo-chromosomes, and omissions have been identified in the gene models. Results A second genome of an A. chinensis (genotype Red5) was fully sequenced. This new sequence resulted in a 554.0 Mb assembly with all but 6 Mb assigned to pseudo-chromosomes. Pseudo-chromosomal comparisons showed a considerable number of translocation events have occurred following a whole genome duplication (WGD) event some consistent with centromeric Robertsonian-like translocations. RNA sequencing data from 12 tissues and ab initio analysis informed a genome-wide manual annotation, using the WebApollo tool. In total, 33,044 gene loci represented by 33,123 isoforms were identified, named and tagged for quality of evidential support. Of these 3114 (9.4%) were identical to a protein within ‘Hongyang’ The Kiwifruit Information Resource (KIR v2). Some proportion of the differences will be varietal polymorphisms. However, as most computationally predicted Red5 models required manual re-annotation this proportion is expected to be small. The quality of the new gene models was tested by fully sequencing 550 cloned ‘Hort16A’ cDNAs and comparing with the predicted protein models for Red5 and both the original ‘Hongyang’ assembly and the revised annotation from KIR v2. Only 48.9% and 63.5% of the cDNAs had a match with 90% identity or better to the original and revised ‘Hongyang’ annotation, respectively, compared with 90.9% to the Red5 models. Conclusions Our study highlights the need to take a cautious approach to draft genomes and computationally predicted genes. Our use of the manual annotation tool WebApollo facilitated manual checking and correction of gene models enabling improvement of computational prediction. This utility was especially relevant for certain types of gene families such as the EXPANSIN like genes. Finally, this high quality gene set will supply the kiwifruit and general plant community with a new tool for genomics and other comparative analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4656-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Pilkington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ross Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elena Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Simona Nardozza
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lena Fraser
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yongyan Peng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kularajathevan Gunaseelan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert Simpson
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jibran Tahir
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Kerry Templeton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marcus Davy
- PFR, 412 No 1 Road, Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Canhong Cheng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark McNeilage
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Davide Scaglione
- IGA Technology Services, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico, Udine, Italy
| | - Yifei Liu
- South China Botanic Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Paul Datson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nihal De Silva
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | | | - David Chagné
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - John McCallum
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Helge Dzierzon
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yen-Yi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lorna Barron
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kelvina Manako
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Judith Bowen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Toshi M Foster
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Zoe A Erridge
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Heather Tiffin
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chethi N Waite
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M Davies
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Rebecca Kirk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marion Wood
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mirco Montefiori
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Christina Fullerton
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Niels Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Read
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Roneel Prakash
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Don Hunter
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Huaibi Zhang
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Mareike Knäbel
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alastair Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Angela Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Davin Leif
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Declan Lafferty
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Edwige J F Souleyre
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Francesco Gambi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Hanley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Joey Cheung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Karine M David
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ben Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ken Marsh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lara Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Marcela Martinez-Sanchez
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mindy Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nadeesha Ileperuma
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nikolai Macnee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert Campin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Peter McAtee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Revel S M Drummond
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hilary S Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sakuntala Karunairetnam
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sean Bulley
- PFR, 412 No 1 Road, Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Shayhan Chunkath
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zac Hanley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Roy Storey
- PFR, 412 No 1 Road, Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, 3182, New Zealand
| | - Amali H Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Susan Thomson
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Charles David
- PFR, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Raffaele Testolin
- IGA Technology Services, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico, Udine, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Hongwen Huang
- South China Botanic Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Roger P Hellens
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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40
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Yao JL, He QZ, Liu M, Chang XW, Wu JT, Duan T, Wang K. Effects of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on human amniotic epithelial cell proliferation and migration. Toxicology 2017; 394:19-26. [PMID: 29191629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deleterious effects of cannabis consumption for fertility and pregnancy outcome are recognized for years. The main psychoactive molecule of cannabis, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is able to cross the placenta barrier and cause alterations in fetal growth, low birth weight and preterm labor. However, the effects of THC on the human placenta amnion are still unknown. METHODS The distributions of CB1R and CB2R in human amnion tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Human amniotic epithelial cell proliferation and migration in response to THC treatment were measured by MTS and transwell assays, respectively. The PCR array was performed to study the key regulators involved in the cell migration. The protein levels of CB1R, CB2R in amnion tissues and MMP2, MMP9 in cells were detected by western blotting. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knockdown MMP2 and MMP9 in WISH cells. RESULTS Our results indicated that both CB1R and CB2R primarily identified in the epithelial layer of human placental amnion tissue. The CB1R expression in the amnion tissue was higher in the preterm group than normal control. High-dose of THC (30uM, but not 20 and 10uM) significantly inhibited (p<0.01) human amniotic epithelial cell lines (WISH) proliferation. Meanwhile, THC at both 10uM and 20uM (p<0.05) significantly suppressed cells migration in both WISH and primary human amniotic epithelial cells. The PCR array data and siRNA experiments demonstrated that MMP2/9 were tightly involved in the regulation of THC-inhibited cell migration in WISH cells. CONCLUSION These results suggested that THC inhibited the migration of human amniotic epithelial cell through the regulation of MMP2 and MMP9, which in turn altered the development of the amnion during the gestation and partially resulted in preterm labor and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Yao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Q Z He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - X W Chang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - J T Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - T Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - K Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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41
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Guo J, Cao K, Li Y, Yao JL, Deng C, Wang Q, Zhu G, Fang W, Chen C, Wang X, Guan L, Ding T, Wang L. Comparative Transcriptome and Microscopy Analyses Provide Insights into Flat Shape Formation in Peach ( Prunus persica). Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2215. [PMID: 29354151 PMCID: PMC5758543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fruit shape is an important external characteristic that consumers use to select preferred fruit cultivars. In peach, the flat fruit cultivars have become more and more popular worldwide. Genetic markers closely linking to the flat fruit trait have been identified and are useful for marker-assisted breeding. However, the cellular and genetic mechanisms underpinning flat fruit formation are still poorly understood. In this study, we have revealed the differences in fruit cell number, cell size, and in gene expression pattern between the traditional round fruit and modern flat fruit cultivars. Flat peach cultivars possessed significantly lower number of cells in the vertical axis because cell division in the vertical direction stopped early in the flat fruit cultivars at 15 DAFB (day after full bloom) than in round fruit cultivars at 35 DAFB. This resulted in the reduction in vertical development in the flat fruit. Significant linear relationship was observed between fruit vertical diameter and cell number in vertical axis for the four examined peach cultivars (R2 = 0.9964) at maturation stage, and was also observed between fruit vertical diameter and fruit weight (R2 = 0.9605), which indicated that cell number in vertical direction contributed to the flat shape formation. Furthermore, in RNA-seq analysis, 4165 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by comparing RNA-seq data between flat and round peach cultivars at different fruit development stages. In contrast to previous studies, we discovered 28 candidate genes potentially responsible for the flat shape formation, including 19 located in the mapping site and 9 downstream genes. Our study indicates that flat and round fruit shape in peach is primarily determined by the regulation of cell production in the vertical direction during early fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changwen Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiyu Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lirong Wang,
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42
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Abstract
microRNA172 (miR172) expression has been shown to have a positive effect on Arabidopsis fruit (siliques) growth. In contrast, over-expression of miR172 has a negative influence on fruit growth in apple, resulting in a dramatic reduction in fruit size. This negative influence is supported by the results of analyzing a transposable element (TE) insertional allele of a MIR172 gene that has reduced expression of the miRNA and is associated with an increase in fruit size. Arabidopsis siliques are a dry fruit derived from ovary tissues, whereas apple is a fleshy pome fruit derived mostly from hypanthium tissues. A model has been developed to explain the contrasting impact of miR172 expression in these two plant species based on the differences in their fruit structure. Transgenic apple plants with extremely high levels of miR172 overexpression produced flowers consisting of carpel tissues only, which failed to produce fruit. By comparison, in tomato, a fleshy berry fruit derived from the ovary, high level over-expression of the same miR172 resulted in carpel-only flowers which developed into parthenocarpic fruit. These results further indicate that the influence of miR172 on fruit growth in different plant species depends on its fruit type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland , New Zealand
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Andrew P. Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland , New Zealand
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43
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Yao JL, Xu J, Cornille A, Tomes S, Karunairetnam S, Luo Z, Bassett H, Whitworth C, Rees-George J, Ranatunga C, Snirc A, Crowhurst R, de Silva N, Warren B, Deng C, Kumar S, Chagné D, Bus VGM, Volz RK, Rikkerink EHA, Gardiner SE, Giraud T, MacDiarmid R, Gleave AP. A microRNA allele that emerged prior to apple domestication may underlie fruit size evolution. Plant J 2015; 84:417-27. [PMID: 26358530 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying fruit size remain poorly understood in perennial crops, despite size being an important agronomic trait. Here we show that the expression level of a microRNA gene (miRNA172) influences fruit size in apple. A transposon insertional allele of miRNA172 showing reduced expression associates with large fruit in an apple breeding population, whereas over-expression of miRNA172 in transgenic apple significantly reduces fruit size. The transposon insertional allele was found to be co-located with a major fruit size quantitative trait locus, fixed in cultivated apples and their wild progenitor species with relatively large fruit. This finding supports the view that the selection for large size in apple fruit was initiated prior to apple domestication, likely by large mammals, before being subsequently strengthened by humans, and also helps to explain why signatures of genetic bottlenecks and selective sweeps are normally weaker in perennial crops than in annual crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Juan Xu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Amandine Cornille
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 360, F-91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sakuntala Karunairetnam
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Heather Bassett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Claire Whitworth
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Rees-George
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chandra Ranatunga
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand
| | - Alodie Snirc
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 360, F-91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ross Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nihal de Silva
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ben Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Satish Kumar
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Vincent G M Bus
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand
| | - Richard K Volz
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand
| | - Erik H A Rikkerink
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Susan E Gardiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 360, F-91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Robin MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew P Gleave
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Yao JL, Tomes S, Gleave AP. Transformation of apple (Malus × domestica) using mutants of apple acetolactate synthase as a selectable marker and analysis of the T-DNA integration sites. Plant Cell Rep 2013; 32:703-14. [PMID: 23494389 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Apple acetolactate synthase mutants were generated by site-specific mutagenesis and successfully used as selection marker in tobacco and apple transformation. T-DNA/Apple genome junctions were analysed using genome-walking PCR and sequencing. An Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system was developed for apple (Malus × domestica), using mutants of apple acetolactate synthase (ALS) as a selectable marker. Four apple ALS mutants were generated by site-specific mutagenesis and subsequently cloned under the transcriptional control of the CaMV 35S promoter and ocs 3' terminator, in a pART27-derived plant transformation vector. Three of the four mutations were found to confer resistance to the herbicide Glean(®), containing the active agent chlorsulfuron, in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transformation. In apple transformation, leaf explants infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 containing one of the three ALS mutants resulted in the production of shoots on medium containing 2-8 μg L(-1) Glean(®), whilst uninfected wild-type explants failed to regenerate shoots or survive on medium containing 1 and 3 μg L(-1) Glean(®), respectively. Glean(®)-resistant, regenerated shoots were further multiplied and rooted on medium containing 10 μg L(-1) Glean(®). The T-DNA and apple genome-DNA junctions from eight rooted transgenic apple plants were analysed using genome-walking PCR amplification and sequencing. This analysis confirmed T-DNA integration into the apple genome, identified the genome integration sites and revealed the extent of any vector backbone integration, T-DNA rearrangements and deletions of apple genome DNA at the sites of integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand,
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45
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Ireland HS, Yao JL, Tomes S, Sutherland PW, Nieuwenhuizen N, Gunaseelan K, Winz RA, David KM, Schaffer RJ. Apple SEPALLATA1/2-like genes control fruit flesh development and ripening. Plant J 2013; 73:1044-56. [PMID: 23236986 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants utilize different floral structures to develop flesh tissue in fruits. Here we show that suppression of the homeologous SEPALLATA1/2-like genes MADS8 and MADS9 in the fleshy fruit apple (Malus x domestica) leads to sepaloid petals and greatly reduced fruit flesh. Immunolabelling of cell-wall epitopes and differential staining showed that the developing hypanthium (from which the apple flesh develops) of MADS8/9-suppressed apple flowers lacks a tissue layer, and the remaining flesh tissue of fully developed apples has considerably smaller cells. From these observations, it is proposed that MADS8 and MADS9 control the development of discrete zones within the hypanthium tissue, and therefore fruit flesh, and also act as foundations for development of different floral organs. At fruit maturity, the MADS8/9-suppressed apples do not ripen in terms of both developmentally controlled ripening characters, such as starch degradation, and ethylene-modulated ripening traits. Transient assays suggest that, like the RIN gene in tomato, the MADS9 gene acts as a transcriptional activator of the ethylene biosynthesis enzyme, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase 1. The existence of a single class of genes that regulate both flesh formation and ripening provides an evolutionary tool for controlling two critical aspects of fleshy fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary S Ireland
- New Zealand Institute of Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Shi L, Fan JQ, Hu CG, Luo J, Yao JL. Improved production of transgenic Dioscorea zingiberensis (Dioscoreaceae) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:244-53. [PMID: 22370891 DOI: 10.4238/2012.february.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques could improve the production of Dioscorea zingiberensis, a medicinal species with a high diosgenin content. We co-cultivated embryogenic calli induced from mature seeds with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105. A binary vector, pCAMBIA1381, which contains the gfp and hpt genes under the control of the ubiquitin promoter and the CaMV 35S promoter, respectively, was used for transformation. Pre-culture, basic medium, acetosyringone, and bacterial density were evaluated to establish the most efficient protocol. The optimal conditions consisted of MS medium without CaCl(2) for pre- and co-cultivation, three days for pre-culture, addition of 200 μM AS, and an OD(600) of 0.5. The transgenic plants grown under selection were confirmed by PCR analysis and Southern blot analysis. This protocol produced transgenic D. zingiberensis plants in seven months, with a transformation efficiency of 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Moro L, Arbini AA, Yao JL, di Sant'Agnese PA, Marra E, Greco M. Mitochondrial DNA depletion in prostate epithelial cells promotes anoikis resistance and invasion through activation of PI3K/Akt2. Cell Death Differ 2008; 16:571-83. [PMID: 19079138 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation of prostate epithelium involves aberrant activation of anti-apoptotic and pro-invasive pathways triggered by multiple poorly understood genetic events. We demonstrated earlier that depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) induces prostate cancer progression. Here, using normal prostate epithelial PNT1A cells we demonstrate that mtDNA depletion prevents detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) and promotes migratory capabilities onto basement membrane proteins through upregulation of p85 and p110 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) subunits, which results in Akt2 activation and phosphorylation of downstream substrates GSK3beta, c-Myc, MMP-9, Mdm2, and p53. Pharmacological or genetic PI3K inhibition, siRNA-mediated Akt2 depletion, as well as mtDNA reconstitution were sufficient to restore sensitivity to anoikis and curtail cell migration. Moreover, Akt2 activation induced glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression, glucose uptake, and lactate production, common phenotypic changes seen in neoplastic cells. In keeping with these findings, several prostate carcinoma cell lines displayed reduced mtDNA content and increased PI3K/Akt2 levels when compared to normal PNT1A cells, and Akt2 downregulation prevented their survival, migration and glycolytic metabolism. On a tissue microarray, we also found a statistically significant decrease in mtDNA-encoded cytochrome oxidase I in prostate carcinomas. Taken together, these results provide novel mechanistic evidence supporting the notion that mtDNA mutations may confer survival and migratory advantage to prostate cancer cells through Akt2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moro
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
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Schaffer RJ, Friel EN, Souleyre EJF, Bolitho K, Thodey K, Ledger S, Bowen JH, Ma JH, Nain B, Cohen D, Gleave AP, Crowhurst RN, Janssen BJ, Yao JL, Newcomb RD. A genomics approach reveals that aroma production in apple is controlled by ethylene predominantly at the final step in each biosynthetic pathway. Plant Physiol 2007; 144:1899-912. [PMID: 17556515 PMCID: PMC1949883 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.093765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is the major effector of ripening in many fleshy fruits. In apples (Malus x domestica) the addition of ethylene causes a climacteric burst of respiration, an increase in aroma, and softening of the flesh. We have generated a transgenic line of 'Royal Gala' apple that produces no detectable levels of ethylene using antisense ACC OXIDASE, resulting in apples with no ethylene-induced ripening attributes. In response to external ethylene these antisense fruits undergo a normal climacteric burst and produced increasing concentrations of ester, polypropanoid, and terpene volatile compounds over an 8-d period. A total of 186 candidate genes that might be involved in the production of these compounds were mined from expressed sequence tags databases and full sequence obtained. Expression patterns of 179 of these were assessed using a 15,720 oligonucleotide apple microarray. Based on sequence similarity and gene expression patterns we identified 17 candidate genes that are likely to be ethylene control points for aroma production in apple. While many of the biosynthetic steps in these pathways were represented by gene families containing two or more genes, expression patterns revealed that only a single member is typically regulated by ethylene. Only certain points within the aroma biosynthesis pathways were regulated by ethylene. Often the first step, and in all pathways the last steps, contained enzymes that were ethylene regulated. This analysis suggests that the initial and final enzymatic steps with the biosynthetic pathways are important transcriptional regulation points for aroma production in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Schaffer
- Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, Mt. Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
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Markwick NP, Docherty LC, Phung MM, Lester MT, Murray C, Yao JL, Mitra DS, Cohen D, Beuning LL, Kutty-Amma S, Christeller JT. Transgenic tobacco and apple plants expressing biotin-binding proteins are resistant to two cosmopolitan insect pests, potato tuber moth and lightbrown apple moth, respectively. Transgenic Res 2003; 12:671-81. [PMID: 14713196 DOI: 10.1023/b:trag.0000005103.83019.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun) and apple (Malus x domestica cv. Royal Gala) plants expressing avidin or strepavidin were produced using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. ELISA assays showed that avidin expression ranged from 3.1 to 4.6 microM in tobacco and from 1.9 to 11.2 microM in apple and streptavidin expression ranged from 11.4 to 24.5 microM in tobacco and from 0.4 to 14.6 microM in apple. Expressed at these levels, both biotin-binding proteins conferred a high level of insect resistance on transformed tobacco plants to larval potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (fam. Gelechiidae) and on apple plants to larvae of the lightbrown apple moth (LBAM) Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (fam. Tortricidae). More than 90% of PTM larvae died on tobacco plants expressing either avidin or streptavidin genes within 9 days of inoculation. Mortality of LBAM larvae was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on three avidin-expressing (89.6, 84.9 and 80.1%) and two streptavidin-expressing (90 and 82.5%) apple plant lines than on non-transformed control plants (14.1%) after 21 days. Weight of LBAM larvae was also significantly reduced by feeding on all apple shoots expressing avidin and on apple shoots expressing streptavidin at levels of 3.8 microM and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngaire P Markwick
- The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
AIMS Combined hepatocellular/cholangiocarcinomas have been explained by some investigators as bidirectional differentiation of neoplastic progenitor cell populations. The presence of hepatic progenitor cells has now been confirmed in humans, though whether they can give rise to malignant tumours has not been confirmed. We report four cases of small tumours identified in livers with features of chronic hepatitis which may suggest a role for malignant transformation of hepatic stem cells in hepatic malignancies. METHODS Tumour samples were studied from four patients by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Two patients had chronic hepatitis B, one had chronic hepatitis C and chronic alcoholic liver injury, and one had non-B non-C chronic hepatitis. Stages of disease ranged from portal fibrosis to cirrhosis. All tumours contained undifferentiated cells with morphological and immunohistochemical features that would be expected of hepatic progenitor cells. These cells merged with both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma components as well as with mature appearing hepatocytes within the tumours. CONCLUSION We suggest that these tumours are of hepatic progenitor cell origin, supporting the concepts that human hepatocarcinogenesis can be based on transformation of progenitor cells and that such a process may underlie development of some mixed hepatocellular/cholangiocarcinomas and dysplastic nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Theise
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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