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Romero R, Meyyazhagan A, Hassan SS, Creasy GW, Conde-Agudelo A. Vaginal Progesterone to Prevent Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women With a Sonographic Short Cervix: The Story of the PREGNANT Trial. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 67:433-457. [PMID: 38576410 PMCID: PMC11047312 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The PREGNANT trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial designed to determine the efficacy and safety of vaginal progesterone (VP) to reduce the risk of birth < 33 weeks and of neonatal complications in women with a sonographic short cervix (10 to 20 mm) in the mid-trimester (19 to 23 6/7 wk). Patients allocated to receive VP had a 45% lower rate of preterm birth (8.9% vs 16.1%; relative risk = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33-0.92). Neonates born to mothers allocated to VP had a 60% reduction in the rate of respiratory distress syndrome. This article reviews the background, design, execution, interpretation, and impact of the PREGNANT Trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Office of Women’s Health, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - George W. Creasy
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Agustin Conde-Agudelo
- Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wang T, Guo W, Ren X, Lang F, Ma Y, Qiu C, Jiang J. Progress of immunotherapies in gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15275-15285. [PMID: 37594534 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different from other malignant gynecologic tumors, gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs) exhibit an exceptionally high cure rate primarily through chemotherapeutic interventions. However, there exists a small subset of refractory GTNs that do not respond to conventional chemotherapies. In such cases, the emergence of immunotherapies has demonstrated significant benefits in managing various challenging GTNs. PURPOSE This article aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the immune microenvironment and immunotherapeutic approaches for GTNs. The purpose is to identify potential biomarkers that could enhance disease management and summarize the available immunotherapies for ease of reference. METHODS We reviewed the relevant literatures toward immunotherapies of GTNs from PubMed. CONCLUSION Current immunotherapeutic strategies for GTNs mainly revolve around immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Prominent examples include avelumab, pembrolizumab, and camrelizumab. However, existing researches into the underlying mechanisms are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Lang
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu D, Xu X, Zhang M, Wang T, Zhu H. Significance of MCP-1 in predicting the short-term recurrence of primary intussusception in children: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30743. [PMID: 36197260 PMCID: PMC9509185 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the relationship between the expression level of (MCP-1) in peripheral blood and the short-term recurrence of primary intussusception in children, a retrospective analysis of children with primary intussusception under ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021, a total of 412 cases, 37 cases of short-term recurrence. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of MCP-1 in peripheral venous blood; receiver operating curve (ROC) was utilized to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MCP-1 in predicting short-term recurrence; logistic regression analysis of risk factors for recurrence. MCP-1 increased in the peripheral blood of children with short-term recurrence (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis found that increased MCP-1 was a risk factor for recurrence; ROC showed that 23.24 ng/mL was used as a cut-off value. The sensitivity of MCP-1 for predicting the recurrence of intussusception in children is 82.14%, and the specificity is 75.67%. In primary intussusception, the expression of MCP-1 in the peripheral blood of children with short-term recurrence is raised. Elevated expression of MCP-1 is a risk factor for predicting short-term intussusception recurrence and has certain clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
- * Correspondence: Hongqi Zhu, Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, China (e-mail: )
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Nguyen-Ngo C, Perkins AV, Lappas M. Selenium Prevents Inflammation in Human Placenta and Adipose Tissue In Vitro: Implications for Metabolic Diseases of Pregnancy Associated with Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163286. [PMID: 36014792 PMCID: PMC9416138 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal obesity are significant metabolic complications increasingly prevalent in pregnancy. Of major concern, both GDM and maternal obesity can have long-term detrimental impacts on the health of both mother and offspring. Recent research has shown that increased inflammation and oxidative stress are two features central to the pathophysiology of these metabolic conditions. Evidence suggests selenium supplementation may be linked to disease prevention in pregnancy; however, the specific effects of selenium on inflammation and oxidative stress associated with GDM and maternal obesity are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation on an in vitro model of GDM and maternal obesity. Human placental tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were stimulated with either the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Selenium pre-treatment blocked LPS and TNF-α induced mRNA expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine and antioxidant mRNA expression in placenta, VAT and SAT. Selenium pre-treatment was also found to inhibit LPS- and TNF-α induced phosphorylation of ERK in placenta, VAT and SAT. These findings indicate that selenium may be able to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress associated with GDM and maternal obesity. Additional in vivo studies are required to identify the efficacy of selenium supplementation in preventing inflammatory pathways activated by GDM and maternal obesity and to elucidate the mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Melbourne 3084, Australia
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Adelaide 9726, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Melbourne 3084, Australia
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Zhan X, Xie Y, Sun L, Si Q, Shang H. Dexamethasone may inhibit placental growth by blocking glucocorticoid receptors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in human placental JEG-3 cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:700-712. [PMID: 34399087 DOI: 10.1071/rd21048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of dexamethasone (DEX, 1µM) on glucose transporters (GLUT) in JEG-3 human placental choriocarcinoma cells. JEG-3 cells were treated with DEX, an expression plasmid encoding human glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), pcDNA3.1-GRα, GRα short interference (si) RNA, LY294002, xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX), rapamycin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or phosphatidic acid (PA), and cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) content, human placental lactogen (hPL) content, glucose uptake, reactive oxygen species levels and signalling pathway modulation were evaluated. Treatment of JEG-3 cells with DEX (1µM), GRα siRNA, LY294002 (50µM), XO/HX (7.2µM/36nM) or rapamycin (80nM) inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, significantly decreased MMP and hCG and hPL content and increased ROS levels. In addition, glucose uptake was decreased through downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of GRα, GLUT1 and GLUT3. Treatment of JEG-3 cells with GRα siRNA, LY294002, XO/HX or rapamycin inhibited phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2. The effects of GRα overexpression and IGF1 (100nM), NAC (5nM) or PA (100µM) treatment on JEG-3 cells contrasted with those of DEX treatment. DEX blocked glucose uptake by downregulating GRα expression, which reduced GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA and protein expression, which, in turn, may have inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activated the ROS/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Medical University, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongkai Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and Corresponding author.
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Munro SK, Balakrishnan B, Lissaman AC, Gujral P, Ponnampalam AP. Cytokines and pregnancy: Potential regulation by histone deacetylases. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:321-337. [PMID: 33904218 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are important regulators of pregnancy and parturition. Aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines during pregnancy contributes towards preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The regulation of cytokine expression in human cells is highly complex, involving interactions between environment, transcription factors, and feedback mechanisms. Recent developments in epigenetic research have made tremendous advancements in exploring histone modifications as a key epigenetic regulator of cytokine expression and the effect of their signaling molecules on various organ systems in the human body. Histone acetylation and subsequent deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) are major epigenetic regulators of protein expression in the human body. The expression of various proinflammatory cytokines, their role in normal and abnormal pregnancy, and their epigenetic regulation via HDACs will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl K Munro
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abbey C Lissaman
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Palak Gujral
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Nguyen-Ngo C, Willcox JC, Lappas M. Anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic acids punicalagin and curcumin in human placenta and adipose tissue. Placenta 2020; 100:1-12. [PMID: 32814232 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The world is witnessing a steady rise in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), correlated with the current obesity epidemic. Both GDM and obesity negatively impact both the health of women but also that of the next generation. GDM and maternal obesity are associated with increased maternal and fetal inflammation and oxidative stress. A safe and effective intervention that can prevent these pathological features, and reduce the intergenerational burden, is required. Phenolic acids, such as punicalagin and curcumin, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of punicalagin and curcumin on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and antioxidant expression in an in vitro model of inflammation. METHODS Human placenta, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) explants were obtained at term elective Caesarean section and stimulated with TNF alpha (TNF). RESULTS We found that punicalagin and curcumin significantly supressed TNF-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL1A, IL1B, and IL6) and chemokine (CCL2-4, CXCL1, CXCL5 and CXCL8) expression in human placenta, VAT and SAT. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL4 and IL13 mRNA expression was also upregulated by punicalagin and curcumin treatment in placenta, VAT and SAT. Punicalagin and curcumin also altered antioxidant (SOD2 and catalase) mRNA expression in placenta, VAT and SAT, with minimal effect on hydrogen peroxide concentrations in tissue lysates. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the phenolic acids punicalagin and curcumin possess potent anti-inflammatory capabilities in in vitro human models of inflammation. Further studies are warranted to determine their suitability as therapeutic interventions for pro-inflammatory gestational complications, including GDM and maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane C Willcox
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Nobiletin exerts anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in an in vitro human model and in vivo murine model of gestational diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:571-592. [PMID: 32129440 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue, whereby pregnant women are afflicted with carbohydrate intolerance with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is characterized by maternal peripheral insulin resistance, thought to be driven by low-grade maternal inflammation. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid, possesses potent glucose-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects in GDM have not been assessed. The present study aimed to determine the effects of nobiletin on glucose metabolism and inflammation associated with GDM in both in vitro human tissues and an in vivo animal model of GDM. In vitro, treatment with nobiletin significantly improved TNF-impaired glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle, and suppressed mRNA expression and protein secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Mechanistically, nobiletin significantly inhibited Akt and Erk activation in placenta, and NF-κB activation in VAT. In vivo, GDM mice treated with 50 mg/kg nobiletin daily via oral gavage from gestational day (gd) 1-17 or via i.p. injections from gd 10-17 significantly improved glucose tolerance. Pregnant GDM mice treated with nobiletin from either gd 1-17 or gd 10-17 exhibited significantly suppressed mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in placenta, VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Using a quantitative mass spectrometry approach, we identified differentially abundant proteins associated with the effect of nobiletin in vivo. Together, these studies demonstrate that nobiletin improves glucose metabolism and reduces inflammation associated with GDM and may be a novel therapeutic for the prevention of GDM.
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Role of adipose tissue in regulating fetal growth in gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2020; 102:39-48. [PMID: 33218577 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue with significant short and long-term complications for both mother and baby. There is a strong need to identify an effective therapeutic that can prevent the development of GDM. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of GDM and the relationship between the adipose tissue, the placenta and fetal growth is required. The placenta regulates fetal growth by modulating nutrient transfer of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. Various factors secreted by the adipose tissue, such as adipokines, adipocytokines and more recently identified extracellular vesicles, can influence inflammation and interact with placental nutrient transport. In this review, the role of the placental nutrient transporters and the adipose-derived factors that can influence their function will be discussed. A better understanding of these factors and their relationship may make a potential target for therapeutic interventions to prevent the development of GDM and its consequences.
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Nguyen-Ngo C, Willcox JC, Lappas M. Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Naringenin in an In Vitro Human Model and an In Vivo Murine Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900224. [PMID: 31343820 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which affects up to 20% of pregnant women, is associated with maternal peripheral insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. The flavonoid naringenin has potent anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties; however, its effects in GDM remain unknown. The study aimed to determine the effects of naringenin on glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with GDM both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro, human tissue samples obtained at term elective Caesarean section are stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) to develop a GDM-like environment. Naringenin treatment significantly improves TNF-impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), naringenin significantly reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and increases antioxidant mRNA expression. Mechanistically, naringenin suppresses nuclear factor κB activation. In vivo, pregnant heterozygous db/+ mice are used to model GDM. Daily intraperitoneal injections of GDM mice with naringenin from gestational day 10-17 significantly improve glucose tolerance, reduces IL1A mRNA expression, and increases antioxidant mRNA expression in placenta, VAT, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Naringenin is shown to improve insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with GDM and shows promise as a novel preventive therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane C Willcox
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Lappas M. A20, an essential component of the ubiquitin-editing protein complex, is a negative regulator of inflammation in human myometrium and foetal membranes. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:628-645. [PMID: 28911210 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does A20 regulate mediators involved in the terminal processes of human labour in primary myometrial and amnion cells? SUMMARY ANSWER A20 is a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) responsive gene that acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB-induced expression of pro-labour mediators. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Inflammation is commonly implicated in spontaneous preterm birth and the processes involved in rupture of foetal membranes and uterine contractions. In myometrium and foetal membranes, the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB regulates the transcription of pro-labour mediators in response to inflammatory stimuli. In non-gestational tissues, A20 is widely recognised as an anti-inflammatory protein that inhibits inflammation-induced NF-κB signalling. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Primary human amnion and myometrial cells were used to determine the effect of pro-inflammatory mediators on A20 expression and the effect of A20 siRNA on the expression and secretion of pro-labour mediators. The expression of A20 was assessed in myometrium and foetal membranes from non-labouring and labouring women at preterm and or term (n = 8 or nine samples per group). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects of pro-inflammatory mediators and of A20 siRNA in cell cultures were determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blots, immunoassays, gelatin zymography and luciferase assays. A20 expression in tissue samples was assessed by qRT-PCR. Statistical significance was ascribed to a P value < 0.05. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In primary cells isolated from myometrium and or amnion, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B and TNF, the bacterial products flagellin and fsl-1, and the viral double stranded RNA analogue poly(I:C) significantly increased A20 mRNA expression via NF-κB. A20 siRNA studies in primary myometrial and amnion cells demonstrated an augmentation of inflammation-induced expression and or secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL2), adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1), contraction-associated proteins (PTGS2, PTGFR, PGF2α) and the extracellular matrix degrading enzyme MMP9, as well as NF-κB activation. Inhibition of NF-κB activity significant attenuated inflammation-induced expression of pro-labour mediators in A20 siRNA transfected cells. Finally, A20 mRNA expression was decreased in myometrium and foetal membranes with labour, and in foetal membranes with chorioamnionitis. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The conclusions of this study are solely reliant on the data from in vitro experiments using cells isolated from myometrium and amnion. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study raise the possibility that targeting A20 may be a therapeutic approach to reduce inflammation associated with spontaneous preterm birth. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) Associate Professor Martha Lappas is supported by a Career Development Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; grant no. 1047025). Funding for this study was provided by the NHMRC (grant no. 1058786), Norman Beischer Medical Research Foundation and the Mercy Research Foundation. There are no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Hu J, Wang H, Hu YF, Xu XF, Chen YH, Xia MZ, Zhang C, Xu DX. Cadmium induces inflammatory cytokines through activating Akt signaling in mouse placenta and human trophoblast cells. Placenta 2018; 65:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Olmos-Ortiz A, García-Quiroz J, Avila E, Caldiño-Soto F, Halhali A, Larrea F, Díaz L. Lipopolysaccharide and cAMP modify placental calcitriol biosynthesis reducing antimicrobial peptides gene expression. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12841. [PMID: 29493045 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Calcitriol, the hormonal form of vitamin D3 (VD), stimulates placental antimicrobial peptides expression; nonetheless, the regulation of calcitriol biosynthesis in the presence of bacterial products and its consequence on placental innate immunity have scarcely been addressed. METHOD OF STUDY We investigated how some bacterial products modify placental VD metabolism and its ability to induce antimicrobial peptides gene expression. RESULTS Cultured human trophoblasts biosynthesized calcitriol only in the presence of its precursor calcidiol, a process that was inhibited by cyclic-AMP but stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Intracrine calcitriol upregulated cathelicidin, S100A9, and β-defensins (HBDs) gene expression, while LPS further stimulated HBD2 and S100A9. Unexpectedly, LPS significantly repressed cathelicidin basal mRNA levels and drastically diminished calcidiol ability to induce it. Meanwhile, cyclic-AMP, which is used by many microbes to avoid host defenses, suppressed calcitriol biosynthesis, resulting in significant inhibition of most VD-dependent microbicidal peptides gene expression. CONCLUSION While LPS stimulated calcitriol biosynthesis, cyclic-AMP inhibited it. LPS downregulated cathelicidin mRNA expression, whereas cyclic-AMP antagonized VD-dependent-upregulation of most antimicrobial peptides. These findings reveal LPS and cyclic-AMP involvement in dampening placental innate immunity, highlighting the importance of cyclic-AMP in the context of placental infection and suggesting its participation to facilitate bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Felipe Caldiño-Soto
- División de Obstetricia, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", IMSS, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
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Romero R, Conde-Agudelo A, Da Fonseca E, O'Brien JM, Cetingoz E, Creasy GW, Hassan SS, Nicolaides KH. Vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a short cervix: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:161-180. [PMID: 29157866 PMCID: PMC5987201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a short cervix has been questioned after publication of the OPPTIMUM study. OBJECTIVE To determine whether vaginal progesterone prevents preterm birth and improves perinatal outcomes in asymptomatic women with a singleton gestation and a midtrimester sonographic short cervix. STUDY DESIGN We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CINAHL (from their inception to September 2017); Cochrane databases; bibliographies; and conference proceedings for randomized controlled trials comparing vaginal progesterone vs placebo/no treatment in women with a singleton gestation and a midtrimester sonographic cervical length ≤25 mm. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. The primary outcome was preterm birth <33 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes included adverse perinatal outcomes and neurodevelopmental and health outcomes at 2 years of age. Individual patient data were analyzed using a 2-stage approach. Pooled relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology. RESULTS Data were available from 974 women (498 allocated to vaginal progesterone, 476 allocated to placebo) with a cervical length ≤25 mm participating in 5 high-quality trials. Vaginal progesterone was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of preterm birth <33 weeks of gestation (relative risk, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.81; P = .0006; high-quality evidence). Moreover, vaginal progesterone significantly decreased the risk of preterm birth <36, <35, <34, <32, <30, and <28 weeks of gestation; spontaneous preterm birth <33 and <34 weeks of gestation; respiratory distress syndrome; composite neonatal morbidity and mortality; birthweight <1500 and <2500 g; and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (relative risks from 0.47-0.82; high-quality evidence for all). There were 7 (1.4%) neonatal deaths in the vaginal progesterone group and 15 (3.2%) in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-1.07; P = .07; low-quality evidence). Maternal adverse events, congenital anomalies, and adverse neurodevelopmental and health outcomes at 2 years of age did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Vaginal progesterone decreases the risk of preterm birth and improves perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a midtrimester sonographic short cervix, without any demonstrable deleterious effects on childhood neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - Agustin Conde-Agudelo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Eduardo Da Fonseca
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital do Servidor Publico Estadual "Francisco Morato de Oliveira" and School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John M O'Brien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Elcin Cetingoz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Red Crescent Altintepe Medical Center, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - George W Creasy
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Kypros H Nicolaides
- Harris Birthright Research Center for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Pekson R, Poltoratsky V, Gorasiya S, Sundaram S, Ashby CR, Vancurova I, Reznik SE. N,N-Dimethylacetamide Significantly Attenuates LPS- and TNFα-Induced Proinflammatory Responses Via Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway. Mol Med 2016; 22:747-758. [PMID: 27782292 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth in a murine model, inhibits LPS-induced increases in placental pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulates the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, DMA's mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In the current study we investigate how DMA produces its anti-inflammatory effect. Using in vitro and ex vivo models, we show that DMA suppresses secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, TNFα-challenged JEG-3 cells and LPS-stimulated human placental explants. DMA significantly attenuated the secretion of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, IL-6 secretion from TNFα-stimulated JEG-3 cells and TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) from LPS-stimulated human placental explants. We further investigated if DMA's effect on cytokine expression involves the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. DMA (10 mM) significantly inhibited nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) degradation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but there was no significant change in the expression of phosphorylated or native forms of downstream proteins in the MAPK pathway. In addition, DMA significantly attenuated luciferase activity in cells co-transfected with NF-κB-Luc reporter plasmid, but not with AP-1-Luc or CEBP-Luc reporters. Overall, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of DMA is mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway via decreased IκBα degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Pekson
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra E Reznik
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University.,Depts of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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Lappas M. The Adaptor Protein p62 Mediates Nuclear Factor κB Activation in Response to Inflammation and Facilitates the Formation of Prolabor Mediators in Human Myometrium. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:762-772. [PMID: 27638291 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116669058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Preventing spontaneous preterm birth is one of the most important issues facing perinatal medicine today. The pathophysiology of preterm labor, the single biggest cause of preterm birth, is poorly understood. Inflammation, however, plays a significant role in the terminal processes of human labor, which include myometrial contractions. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) drives the transcription of proinflammatory mediators involved in the terminal effector pathways of human labor and delivery. Recent studies in nongestational tissues have shown that the adaptor protein p62 interacts with NF-κB to induce inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of p62 in the genesis of NF-κB-induced proinflammatory and prolabur mediators. Human spontaneous term labor was associated with increased p62 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in myometrium. Myometrial cells treated with proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) also significantly increased p62 mRNA and protein expression. Functional studies using p62 small interfering RNA (siRNA) demonstrated a significant attenuation of TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and chemokine (IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) mRNA expression and secretion, expression of cyclooxygenase 2, release of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and expression of the prostaglandin F receptor (FP). In addition, siRNA knockdown of p62 significantly suppressed IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Collectively, these studies suggest that p62 is involved in the genesis of NF-κB-induced proinflammatory and prolabor mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Victoria, Australia.,2 Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Lappas M. Copper metabolism domain-containing 1 represses the mediators involved in the terminal effector pathways of human labour and delivery. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:299-310. [PMID: 26733542 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Does Copper Metabolism MURR1 Domain 1 (COMMD1) play a role in regulating the mediators involved in the terminal processes of human labour and delivery? STUDY FINDING COMMD1 plays a critical role in the termination of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and the control of pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Inflammation and infection are the biggest aetiological factors associated with preterm birth. NF-κB drives the transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the terminal effector pathways of human labour and delivery. In non-gestational tissues, COMMD1 is a negative regulator of NF-κB-induced inflammation. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS The mRNA and/or protein level of COMMD1 was assessed in myometrium (n = 8 per group) and fetal membranes (n = 8 per group) obtained from term non-labouring and labouring women at term, and fetal membranes (n = 8 per group) at preterm with and without histological chorioamnionitis. Primary human myometrial cells were used to determine the effect of pro-inflammatory mediators on COMMD1 level, and the effect of COMMD1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on pro-labour mediators. Statistical significance was ascribed to a P < 0.05. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE COMMD1 expression was significantly decreased with spontaneous term labour in myometrium; in fetal membranes with histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis and in myometrial cells treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, the bacterial product fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide and the viral double stranded RNA analogue polyinosinic polycytidilic acid. Loss-of-function studies revealed an increase in inflammation- and infection-induced TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and/or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA abundance and/or release; and cyclo-oxygenase-2 mRNA level, release of prostaglandin (PG) F2α and mRNA level of the PGF2α receptor FP. In addition, siRNA knockdown of COMMD1 was associated with significantly increased NF-κB activation as evidenced by increased IL-1β-induced IκB-α protein degradation and NF-κB DNA binding activity. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The conclusions are based on in vitro experiments with cells isolated from myometrium. Animal models, however, will be required to establish whether COMMD1 activators can prevent spontaneous preterm birth in vivo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The control of COMMD1 activation may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for reducing the release of pro-labour mediators in spontaneous preterm labour. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS Associate Professor Martha Lappas is supported by a Career Development Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; grant no. 1047025). Additional funding was provided by the Medical Research Foundation for Women and Babies and the Mercy Research Foundation. The author has no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Level 4/163 Studley Road, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Novembri R, De Clemente C, Funghi L, Torricelli M, Voltolini C, Challis JR, Petraglia F. Corticotropin releasing hormone and Urocortin 2 activate inflammatory pathways in cultured trophoblast cell lines. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 195:200-205. [PMID: 26588439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embryo implantation and parturition are recognized as inflammatory events involving endocrine and immune system. NF-kB and MAPK are two transcription factor families involved in inflammation. A possible role of neuroendocrine mechanism in early pregnancy and delivery was proposed for the neuropeptides related to corticotropin releasing hormones (CRH), named Urocortins (Ucns). Experimental and clinical studies support a role for CRH, Ucn, Ucn2 and Ucn3 in the endocrine/immune modulation of inflammation in human trophoblast; however the intracellular mechanisms are not yet recognized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate which of these neuropeptides modulate NF-kB or MAPKs pathways. STUDY DESIGN In Jeg-3 placental cell line the effect of CRH, Ucn, Ucn2 or Ucn3 on NF-kB and MAPKs pathways were evaluated using Western blot analysis. RESULTS CRH induced the phosphorylation of MAPK subunits; Ucn2 was able to induce the phosphorylation of both NF-kB and MAPK subunits. Ucn and Ucn3 had no effects on these pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data provide novel information on inflammatory process in trophoblast cells: Ucn2 is a potent pro-inflammatory neuropeptide via NF-kB and MAPK pathways and CRH via MAPK, and CRH and Ucn2 network participates in the inflammatory mechanisms of pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Novembri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina De Clemente
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Siena, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Funghi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy
| | - Michela Torricelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Voltolini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy
| | - John R Challis
- The University of Western Australia M460A, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena Viale Bracci, Siena, Italy.
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Lappas M. KLF5 regulates infection- and inflammation-induced pro-labour mediators in human myometrium. Reproduction 2015; 149:413-24. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) has been shown to associate with nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) to regulate genes involved in inflammation. However, there are no studies on the expression and regulation of KLF5 in the processes of human labour and delivery. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the effect of i) human labour on KLF5 expression in both foetal membranes and myometrium; ii) the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), bacterial product flagellin and the viral dsRNA analogue poly(I:C) on KLF5 expression and iii) KLF5 knockdown by siRNA in human myometrial primary cells on pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators. In foetal membranes, there was no effect of term or preterm labour on KLF5 expression. In myometrium, the term labour was associated with an increase in nuclear KLF5 protein expression. Moreover, KLF5 expression was also increased in myometrial cells treated with IL1β, flagellin or poly(IC), likely factors contributing to preterm birth. KLF5 silencing in myometrial cells significantly decreased IL1β-induced cytokine expression (IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression and release), COX2 mRNA expression, and subsequent release of prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2α. KLF5 silencing also significantly reduced flagellin- and poly(I:C)-induced IL6 and IL8 mRNA expression. Lastly, IL1β-, flagellin- and poly(I:C)-stimulated NFκB transcriptional activity was significantly suppressed in KLF5-knockout myometrial cells. In conclusion, this study describes novel data in which KLF5 is increased in labouring myometrium, and KLF5 silencing decreased inflammation- and infection-induced pro-labour mediators.
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Riva'i SB, Darwin E, Nasrul E, Effendi JS. Role of nuclear factor kappa beta, tumor necrosis factor α, and cyclooxygenase-2 in preterm labor. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2015. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v23i4.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathway of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activation in releasing prostaglandins is suggested to be crucial for initiating labor in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. The aim of the study was to know whether there were mean differences of NF-κB, TNFα, and COX-2 expressions between preterm and term labor and also to know the correlation among them in preterm labor.Methods: A case-control study was performed from May 2013 to February 2014 in Arifin Achmad Hospital, Pekanbaru. There were 30 subjects with preterm labor as cases and 30 with normal labor as controls. All subjects had singleton gestation with maximum parity was three, age limit of 35 year-old, and spontaneous labor in both groups. Placental tissue was collected from all subjects and evaluated with hematoxylin eosin staining. The expressions of TNFα, NF-κB, and COX-2 in the tissue were assessed with immunohistochemical staining by counting the percentage of smeared cells by two experts. The expressions of TNFα, NF-κB, and COX-2 between case and control were compared using t-test and the correlation was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: Mean (SD) of expressions of TNFα (93.05% [12.68] vs 49.11% [27.33]), NF-κB (42.46% [27.29] vs 13.66% [17.77]), and COX-2 (88.75% [10.86] vs 46% [30.36]) were significantly higher in the preterm labor compared to term labor (p = 0.001). There was significant correlation between TNFα and NF-κB expression (r = 0.385; p = 0.036) and no correlation was found between NF-κB and COX-2 (p = 0.982) in preterm labor.Conclusion: High expressions of TNFα, NF-κB, and COX-2 in preterm labor showed to contribute in the onset of preterm labor. High TNFα may suggest that infection was a leading cause of preterm labor. This is supported with an increase in NF-κB activation will increase COX-2 and subsequently prostaglandins that result in premature labor.
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Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (cIAP) 1 and 2 are increased in placenta from obese pregnant women. Placenta 2014; 35:831-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lappas M. Cellular Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins cIAP1 and cIAP2 are Increased after Labour in Foetal Membranes and Myometrium and are Essential for TNF-α-Induced Expression of Pro-Labour Mediators. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:313-29. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre; Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg VIC Australia
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
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Koh YQ, Chan HW, Nitert MD, Vaswani K, Mitchell MD, Rice GE. Differential response to lipopolysaccharide by JEG-3 and BeWo human choriocarcinoma cell lines. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 175:129-33. [PMID: 24485668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on NF-κB gene expression and proinflammatory cytokine release from trophoblast cell models, JEG-3 and BeWo human choriocarcinoma cells. STUDY DESIGN Serum-starved JEG-3 and BeWo cells were treated with LPS (from Escherichia coli serotype 0111:B4) for 24 or 48h. Cell culture medium was collected and assayed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and transforming necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine release using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RNA was extracted from the cells and real-time PCR was performed to measure NF-κB mRNA expression. All results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance tests followed by Sidak's post hoc analysis. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS LPS triggered an inflammatory response in JEG-3 cells by inducing a 1.5-fold increase in NF-κB mRNA expression and TNF-α release (0μg/mL: 15.13±2.14, 1μg/mL: 14.94±0.75, 10μg/mL: 23.05±4.50, p<0.05) and a 2-fold elevation in IL-6 secretion (0μg/mL: 12.54±5.44, 1μg/mL: 25.54±0.91, 10μg/mL: 24.28±4.43, p<0.05). In contrast, BeWo cells were not as sensitive to LPS exposure; NF-κB mRNA expression was unchanged between LPS-treated and control cells, whereas a small but significant 1.3-fold increase in TNF-α release was found (TNF-α: 15.45±1.53pg/mL, control: 12.24±1.00pg/mL, p<0.05). The inflammatory pathways in BeWo cells were found to be active given that treatment of these cells with IL-1β and TNF-α induced IL-6 secretion. Interestingly, 1μg/mL LPS appeared to decrease IL-6 and TNF-α release from BeWo cells. IL-1β and IL-8 secretion were not detected from either cell lines. CONCLUSION LPS activates the NF-κB pathway in JEG-3 but not BeWo human choriocarcinoma cells and this may be the reason for their differential inflammatory response to LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Q Koh
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hsiu-Wen Chan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory E Rice
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Zhao M, Chen YH, Dong XT, Zhou J, Chen X, Wang H, Wu SX, Xia MZ, Zhang C, Xu DX. Folic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction through its anti-inflammatory effect in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82713. [PMID: 24324824 PMCID: PMC3855776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that maternal folic acid (FA) supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects, but whether FA prevents preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains obscure. Previous studies showed that maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure induces preterm delivery, fetal death and IUGR in rodent animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FA on LPS-induced preterm delivery, fetal death and IUGR in mice. Some pregnant mice were orally administered with FA (0.6, 3 or 15 mg/kg) 1 h before LPS injection. As expected, a high dose of LPS (300 μg/kg, i.p.) on gestational day 15 (GD15) caused 100% of dams to deliver before GD18 and 89.3% of fetuses dead. A low dose of LPS (75 μg/kg, i.p.) daily from GD15 to GD17 resulted in IUGR. Interestingly, pretreatment with FA prevented LPS-induced preterm delivery and fetal death. In addition, FA significantly attenuated LPS-induced IUGR. Further experiments showed that FA inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in mouse placentas. Moreover, FA suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation in human trophoblast cell line JEG-3. Correspondingly, FA significantly attenuated LPS-induced upregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in mouse placentas. In addition, FA significantly reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC) in amniotic fluid of LPS-treated mice. Collectively, maternal FA supplementation during pregnancy protects against LPS-induced preterm delivery, fetal death and IUGR through its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu-Ting Dong
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mi-Zhen Xia
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zerón HM, Flores AP, Chávez AA, Alanís AG, Ferreyra MDCC, Benítez JGS, Castañeda VSM, García MVD. Pregnancy Weight Gain Limitation by a Supervised Nutritional Program Influences Placental NF-κB/IKK Complex Expression and Oxidative Stress. Oman Med J 2013; 28:167-72. [PMID: 23772281 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and oxidative stress participate in endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the causes of pre-eclampsia. Among the human antioxidant mechanisms, there are the enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our aim was to measure NF-κB, its inhibitor (IKK) and oxidative stress in placenta and umbilical cord of pregnant women submitted to a supervised nutritional program. METHODS TWO GROUPS WERE CONFORMED: A) 14 pregnant women with individualized nutritional counseling, and B) 12 pregnant women without nutritional guidance. NF-κB and IKK were assessed by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Enzymatic activity of CAT, GPx, lipoperoxidation (LPO) and SOD were also evaluated. RESULTS Pregnant women that followed a supervised nutritional program had lower levels of systolic (p=0.03) and diastolic pressure (p=0.043) although they were heavier than the control group (p=0.048). Among all the women, the Spearman correlation was positive between weight gain and placental NF-κB expression (1, p≤0.01). In the placenta, women with nutritional advice had lower enzymatic activity of GPx (p≤0.038) and showed a tendency of IKK to be higher than in women without a nutritional supervised program. CONCLUSION A supervised nutritional program in pregnancy offers a proven option to control weight gain, hypertension, NF-κB/IKK complex expression and oxidative stress reactions in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Mendieta Zerón
- aboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center (CICMED), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex); Maternal-Perinatal Hospital "Monica Pretelini" (HMPMP); Asociación Científica Latina (ASCILA) and Ciprés Grupo Médico (CGM)
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Peltier MR, Arita Y, Klimova NG, Gurzenda EM, Koo HC, Murthy A, Lerner V, Hanna N. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) enhances placental inflammation. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 98:10-20. [PMID: 23642494 PMCID: PMC3752305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality that is often associated with ascending infections from the lower genital tract. Recent studies with animal models have suggested that developmental exposure to the environmental toxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can increase the risk of preterm birth in the offspring. How TCDD may modify placental immunity to ascending infections is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of TCDD treatment on basal and Escherichia coli-stimulated cytokine production by placental explants. Cultures of second-trimester placentas were treated with up to 40 nM TCDD for 72 h and then stimulated with 10(7)CFU/ml E. coli for an additional 24h. Concentrations of cytokines and PGE2 were measured in conditioned medium by immunoassay. TCDD exposure increased mRNA levels of IL-1β by unstimulated cultures, but no effects on protein levels of this cytokine were detected. TNF-α production was unaffected by TCDD for unstimulated cultures, but pre-treatment with 40 nM TCDD significantly increased E. coli-stimulated TNF-α production. Both basal and bacteria-stimulated PGE2 and COX-2 gene expression were enhanced by TCDD pretreatment. In contrast, production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was reduced by TCDD pretreatment for both unstimulated and E. coli-stimulated cultures. No effect of TCDD on the viability of the cultures was detected. These results suggest that TCDD exposure may shift immunity to enhance a proinflammatory phenotype at the maternal-fetal interface that could increase the risk of infection-mediated preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R. Peltier
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Yuko Arita
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Natalia G. Klimova
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Ellen M. Gurzenda
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Hchi-Chi Koo
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
| | | | - Veronica Lerner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bellevieu Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Women and Children’s Health Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA
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The expression of the let-7 miRNAs and Lin28 signalling pathway in human term gestational tissues. Placenta 2013; 34:443-8. [PMID: 23545322 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Labour and delivery are processes associated with inflammation within intrauterine and cervical tissues. The mechanisms that induce labour-associated changes and, in particular, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) remain to be elucidated. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that repress gene expression via mRNA degradation and translational repression. Let-7 miRNAs are negatively regulated by RNA-binding protein, Lin28, and both function downstream of NF-κB signalling. In non-gestational tissues, let-7 and Lin28 reportedy function as negative and positive regulators of IL-6 expression. We hypothesised that labour-associated inflammation involves the downregulation of let-7 miRNAs and upregulation of Lin28 expression. AIM To determine the expression of Lin28 protein and let-7 miRNA in human gestational tissue obtained before and after labour. METHOD Gestational tissues were collected from women at term by Caesarean section with and without labour and following normal vaginal delivery (n = 6 per group). Protein and RNA was extracted and Lin28 and let-7 miRNA expression was measured by Western blotting and real-time PCR. RESULTS The data obtained established that let-7 miRNA and Lin28 display tissue-specific expression: Lin28 was strongly expressed in the placenta and choriodecidua, but not measurable in amnion; and let-7b and -7c expression were significantly lower in choriodecidua compare to placenta and amnion, whereas the amnion expressed less let-7d and -7f than other tissues. CONCLUSION While the expression of Lin28 protein and let-7 miRNA did not vary significantly with labour onset and delivery, changes in their bioactivity and impact on nuclear signalling pathways in human gestational tissues remain to be established.
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The crucial role of the MyD88 adaptor protein in the inflammatory response induced by Bothrops atrox venom. Toxicon 2013; 67:37-46. [PMID: 23474268 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most snake accidents in North Brazil are attributed to Bothrops atrox, a snake species of the Viperidae family whose venom simultaneously induces local and systemic effects in the victims. The former are clinically more important than the latter, as they cause severe tissue lesions associated with strong inflammatory responses. Although several studies have shown that inflammatory mediators are produced in response to B. atrox venom (BaV), there is little information concerning the molecular pathways involved in innate immune system signaling. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an adaptor molecule responsible for transmitting intracellular signals from most toll-like receptors (TLRs) after they interact with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or other stimuli such as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The MyD88-dependent pathway leads to activation of transcription factors, which in turn induce synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids, cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of MyD88 on the acute inflammatory response induced by BaV. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and MyD88 knockout (MyD88(-/-)) mice were intraperitoneally injected with BaV. Compared to WT mice, MyD88(-/-) animals showed an impaired inflammatory response to BaV, with lower influx of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells to the peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, peritoneal leukocytes from BaV-injected MyD88(-/-) mice did not induce COX-2 or LTB4 protein expression and released low concentrations of PGE2. These mice also failed to produce Th1 and Th17 cytokines and CCL-2, but IL-10 levels were similar to those of BaV-injected WT mice. Our results indicate that MyD88 signaling is required for activation of the inflammatory response elicited by BaV, raising the possibility of developing new therapeutic targets to treat Bothrops sp. poisoning.
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Dominguez-Lopez P, Diaz-Cueto L, Olivares A, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Arechavaleta-Velasco F. Differential effect of DDT, DDE, and DDD on COX-2 expression in the human trophoblast derived HTR-8/SVneo cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:454-60. [PMID: 23132776 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1-bis-(chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (DDE), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) isomers on COX-2 expression in a human trophoblast-derived cell line. Cultured HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells were exposed to DDT isomers and its metabolites for 24 h, and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Prostaglandin E₂ production was also measured by ELISA. Both COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected under control (unexposed) conditions in the HTR-8/SVneo cell line. COX-2 protein expression and prostaglandin E₂ production but not COX-2 mRNA levels increased only after DDE and DDD isomers exposure. It is concluded that DDE and DDD exposure induce the expression of COX-2 protein, leading to increased prostaglandin E2 production. Interestingly, the regulation of COX-2 by these organochlorines pesticides appears to be at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Dominguez-Lopez
- Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, UMAE en Ginecologia y Obstetricia Luis Castelazo Ayala., IMSS, México D. F., Mexico
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Lappas M. Visfatin regulates the terminal processes of human labour and delivery via activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:128-34. [PMID: 21839801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a pivotal role during the pathogenesis of human labour, both at term and preterm. Visfatin levels increase during normal human pregnancy and in infection associated preterm labour. The effects of visfatin in the processes of human labour and delivery, however, are not known. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of visfatin on the expression and release of pro-labour mediators in human placenta. Samples were obtained from normal pregnancies at the time of Caesarean section. Human placenta was incubated in the absence (basal control) or presence of a 50 ng/ml visfatin for 24 h (n=6). Inflammatory gene expression was analysed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), the medium was collected and cytokine, prostaglandin and 8-isoprostane (marker of oxidative stress) release was quantified by ELISA, and secretory protease activity by zymography. Visfatin significantly increased IL-6 and IL-8 gene expression and secretion, COX-2 expression and resultant prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and PGF(2α) release, and 8-isoprostane release. There was, however, no effect of visfatin on pro MMP-9 enzyme activity. These actions of visfatin were elicited via the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway as visfatin induced the degradation of IκB-α (inhibitor of NF-κB) whilst increasing NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity. Further to this, visfatin-induced pro-labour responses were abrogated by treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082. Collectively, these data indicate that visfatin activates pro-inflammatory cytokine release and phospholipid metabolism in human placenta via activation of the NF-κB pathway. Thus, visfatin represents a novel cytokine linked to the events of human labour initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Lappas M, Hiden U, Desoye G, Froehlich J, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Jawerbaum A. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:3061-100. [PMID: 21675877 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Normal human pregnancy is considered a state of enhanced oxidative stress. In pregnancy, it plays important roles in embryo development, implantation, placental development and function, fetal development, and labor. However, pathologic pregnancies, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are associated with a heightened level of oxidative stress, owing to both overproduction of free radicals and/or a defect in the antioxidant defenses. This has important implications on the mother, placental function, and fetal well-being. Animal models of diabetes have confirmed the important role of oxidative stress in the etiology of congenital malformations; the relative immaturity of the antioxidant system facilitates the exposure of embryos and fetuses to the damaging effects of oxidative stress. Of note, there are only a few clinical studies evaluating the potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in GDM. Thus, whether or not increased antioxidant intake can reduce the complications of GDM in both mother and fetus needs to be explored. This review provides an overview and updated data on our current understanding of the complications associated with oxidative changes in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Lim R, Riley C, Barker G, Rice GE, Lappas M. Human labour is associated with decreased cytoplasmic FoxO4. Placenta 2011; 33:52-9. [PMID: 22112832 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins function primarily as transcription factors in the nucleus where they bind to their cognate DNA targeting sequences. FoxO regulated genes include those involved in cellular stress responses, inflammation and apoptosis; all of which are involved in the processes of human labour and delivery. We have previously identified Forkhead box O4 (FoxO4) proteins in human gestational tissues; there is, however, no data is available on the role of FoxO4 in the processes of human labour and delivery. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the effect of (i) human labour, preterm chorioamnionitis and pro-inflammatory stimuli on the expression of FoxO4 in human placenta and fetal membranes; and (ii) FoxO4 knockdown by siRNA on the expression of pro-labour mediators. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and/or Western blotting was used to analyse the expression of FoxO4 (n = 6 per group). Human labour and preterm chorioamnionitis significantly decreased cytoplasmic FoxO4 expression in placenta and/or choriodecidua. Knockdown of FoxO4 mRNA and protein in JEG-3 cells using siRNA was associated with decreased COX-2 mRNA expression concomitant with lower PGF(2α) secretion. However, in BeWo cells, siRNA inhibition of FoxO4 was not associated with inflammation, oxidative stress or apoptosis. In summary, human term labour and chorioamnionitis is characterised by lower FoxO4 mRNA and/or protein expression in placenta and/or choriodecidua. Although the exact role of FoxO4 in human pregnancy remains to be fully elucidated, our data demonstrate that it can regulate COX-2 expression and subsequent prostaglandin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Placental implications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in gestation and parturition. PPAR Res 2011; 2008:758562. [PMID: 18288292 PMCID: PMC2234353 DOI: 10.1155/2008/758562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a transitory structure indispensable for the proper development of the embryo and fetus during mammalian gestation. Like other members of the nuclear receptor family, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are known to be involved in the physiological and pathological events occurring during the placentation. This placental involvement has been recently reviewed focusing on the early stages of placental development (implantation and invasion, etc.), mouse PPARs knockout phenotypes, and cytotrophoblast physiology. In this review, we describe the placental involvement of PPARs (e.g., fat transport and metabolism, etc.) during the late stages of gestation and in the amniotic membranes, highlighting their roles in the inflammation process (e.g., chorioamnionitis), metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes), and parturition.
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Lappas M, Permezel M. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of nicotinamide, a vitamin B(3) derivative, are elicited by FoxO3 in human gestational tissues: implications for preterm birth. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:1195-201. [PMID: 21414766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a pivotal role during the pathogenesis of human labour, both at term and at preterm. Nicotinamide, a vitamin B(3) derivative, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties in several cell types by interaction with various intracellular signalling proteins via modulating the activity of various transcription factors, including activation of the O subfamily of Forkhead/winged helix transcription factors (FoxO) and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotinamide on the expression of pro-labour and mediators in human placenta. The effects of nicotinamide were evaluated, over 24 h, by treating placenta with 0, 25 and 50 mM nicotinamide in the absence or presence of 10 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nicotinamide treatment resulted in a significant reduction of basal and/or LPS-stimulated release and gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8, and the release of the prostaglandins PGE(2) and PGF(2)α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA expression. Additionally, nicotinamide treatment of human placenta resulted in attenuation of basal and LPS-induced oxidative stress, reducing 8-isoprostane release and increasing gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). There was no effect of nicotinamide on NF-κB activation. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of nicotinamide were abolished by knockdown of FoxO3 using siRNA. In conclusion, nicotinamide exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in human placenta, in part, via activation of FoxO3. Further studies should be undertaken to define a possible implication of vitamin B(3) derivatives in the management of preterm labour and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Ding T, McConaha M, Boyd KL, Osteen KG, Bruner-Tran KL. Developmental dioxin exposure of either parent is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth in adult mice. Reprod Toxicol 2010; 31:351-8. [PMID: 21093581 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described diminished uterine progesterone response and increased uterine sensitivity to inflammation in adult female mice with a history of developmental exposure to TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin). Since parturition in mammals is an inflammatory process mediated in part by a decline in progesterone action, toxicant-mediated disruption of progesterone receptor (PR) expression at the maternal-fetal interface would likely impact the timing of birth. Therefore, in the current study, we examined pregnancy outcomes in adult female mice with a similar in utero exposure to TCDD. We also examined the impact of in utero TCDD exposure of male mice on pregnancy outcomes in unexposed females since the placenta, a largely paternally derived organ, plays a major role in the timing of normal parturition via inflammatory signaling. Our studies indicate that developmental exposure of either parent to TCDD is associated with preterm birth in a subsequent adult pregnancy due to altered PR expression and placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbing Ding
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
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Gao P, Si LY. Meprin-α metalloproteases enhance lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via activation of NF-κB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 160:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jones HN, Jansson T, Powell TL. IL-6 stimulates system A amino acid transporter activity in trophoblast cells through STAT3 and increased expression of SNAT2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C1228-35. [PMID: 19741197 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in placental nutrient transport are closely associated with abnormal fetal growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of placental amino acid transporters are unknown. We demonstrate that physiological concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulate the activity of amino acid transporter system A, but not system L, in cultured human primary trophoblast cells. Both cytokines increased the gene and protein expression of the Na(+)-coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT)2 isoform and upregulated SNAT1 protein expression. IL-6 increased Tyr705 phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting STAT3, the RNA and protein expression of SNAT2, but not SNAT1, was reduced and the stimulating effect of IL-6 on system A activity was abolished. Despite eliciting similar responses in amino acid transport activity and transporter expression, TNF-alpha effects on system A activity were not mediated through the JAK/STAT pathway. In conclusion, we have identified a novel regulatory pathway involving increased gene expression of the SNAT2 isoform mediated by a STAT-dependent pathway, which links IL-6 to increased activity of system A, a ubiquitously expressed transporter of neutral amino acids. From these new findings, we propose that upregulation of amino acid transporters by cytokines may contribute to increased placental nutrient transport and fetal overgrowth, which are commonly found in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Colomiere M, Permezel M, Riley C, Desoye G, Lappas M. Defective insulin signaling in placenta from pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:567-78. [PMID: 19179458 DOI: 10.1530/eje-09-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle suggest that impaired insulin action is due to defects in the insulin signaling pathway and may play a role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity. The present study tested the hypothesis that endogenous expression levels in the human term placenta of insulin signaling components are altered in placental tissue from GDM women in comparison with normal controls and maternal obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS Placental tissue was collected from normal, diet-controlled GDM, and insulin-controlled GDM in both non-obese and obese women (n=6-7 per group). Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine the level of expression in the insulin signaling pathway. RESULTS There was a significant increase in insulin receptor (IR) substrate (IRS)-1 protein expression with a concurrent decrease in IRS-2 protein expression in non-obese women with insulin-controlled GDM compared with diet-controlled GDM and normal controls. Furthermore, a decrease in both protein and mRNA expression of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3-K) p85alpha and glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 was observed in non-obese and obese women with insulin controlled GDM compared with normal controls. When comparing non-obese to obese patients, significant decreases in mRNA expression of IR-beta, PI3K p85alpha and GLUT-4 was found in obese patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that post receptor defects are present in the insulin signaling pathway in placenta of women with pregnancies complicated by diabetes and obesity. In addition, expression studies demonstrate post receptor alterations in insulin signaling possibly under selective maternal regulation and not fetal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Colomiere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne and Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.
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Olson DM, Christiaens I, Gracie S, Yamamoto Y, Mitchell BF. Emerging tocolytics: challenges in designing and testing drugs to delay preterm delivery and prolong pregnancy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2009; 13:695-707. [PMID: 19046135 DOI: 10.1517/14728210802568764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The global rate of preterm delivery (before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy) is increasing and there are no effective means available to prevent this rise. Prematurity is the principal cause of neonatal mortality and a major cause of pediatric morbidity and long-term disability. Current strategies to prolong pregnancy are based on inhibiting the mechanisms that effect uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) contractions in women who are in preterm labor. Most drugs in this group were developed for other purposes. Newer strategies are designed to maintain a state of uterine quiescence and pregnancy, preventing the myometrium from initiating contractions and entering preterm labor. Again, it may be possible to use existing drugs for pregnancy maintenance. Several financial and practical barriers exist for developing completely new drugs to delay labor. Designing clinical trials to test tocolytics is complicated, as the health of two patients must be considered and the nature of preterm birth and its outcomes are different at early preterm labor (< 28 weeks) and late preterm labor (34 - 36 weeks).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Olson
- University of Alberta, AHFMR Interdisciplinary Team in Preterm Birth and Healthy Outcomes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 220 HMRC, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Alberta, Canada.
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Pre-labour Fetal Membranes Overlying the Cervix Display Alterations in Inflammation and NF-κB Signalling Pathways. Placenta 2008; 29:995-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Inflammatory processes in preterm and term parturition. J Reprod Immunol 2008; 79:50-7. [PMID: 18550178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A role for the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is evident in term and preterm delivery, and this is independent of the presence of infection. All uterine tissues progress through a staged transformation near the end of pregnancy that leads from relative uterine quiescence and maintenance of pregnancy to the activation of the uterus that prepares it for the work of labour and production of stimulatory molecules that trigger the onset of labour and delivery. The uterus is activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines through stimulation of the expression and production of uterine activation proteins (UAPs). One of these actions is the stimulation of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Particularly important for labour is PGF(2alpha) and its receptor, PTGFR. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines are able to increase the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the progesterone receptor C isoform, which leads to decreased tissue progesterone responsiveness. Some of these effects are replicated by PGF(2alpha), suggesting that it may act via its receptor to amplify the direct actions of cytokines. In turn, VEGF may enhance leukocyte recruitment to the uterus, and MMP-9 may promote activation of inactive pro-form cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines also decrease the activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which likely increases intrauterine cortisol concentrations. In turn, cortisol may drive PG synthesis. Together these feed-forward mechanisms activate the uterus, trigger the production of uterine contractile stimulants and lead to labour and delivery.
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Stock D, Groome PA, Siemens DR. Inflammation and prostate cancer: a future target for prevention and therapy? Urol Clin North Am 2008; 35:117-30; vii. [PMID: 18061030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given its long natural history, prostate cancer has become an ideal model for the clinical and basic science study of neoplastic disease in distinct pathologic phases: tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Chronic or recurrent acute inflammation, a product of infectious agents or other sources, has potential promotional roles in each of these phases. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), because of their ability to attenuate inflammation, as well as possibly direct anti-cancer properties associated with the inhibition of stromal cyclooxygenase-2, are potential candidates for clinical use in prostate cancer. Though epidemiologic evidence indicating a reduced risk of prostate cancer for NSAID users supports a chemoprotective benefit, observational assessment and clinical trials of these agents among large cohorts of prostate cancer patients are needed to determine their value in prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stock
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Abramsky Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Hamill N, Romero R, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Edwin S, Erez O, Than NG, Mittal P, Espinoza J, Friel LA, Vaisbuch E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Hassan SS. Exodus-1 (CCL20): evidence for the participation of this chemokine in spontaneous labor at term, preterm labor, and intrauterine infection. J Perinat Med 2008; 36:217-27. [PMID: 18576931 PMCID: PMC3182481 DOI: 10.1515/jpm.2008.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM CCL20, also known as MIP-3 alpha, is a chemokine that participates in chemotaxis of immature dendritic cells, effector/memory T-cells, and B-lymphocytes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether CCL20 can be detected in amniotic fluid (AF) and if AF concentration of this chemokine changes with advancing gestational age, parturition (term and preterm), and intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including the following groups: (1) mid-trimester of pregnancy (n=65); (2) term not in labor (TNL; n=22); (3) term in labor (TIL; n=47); (4) spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) who delivered at term (n=57); (5) spontaneous PTL without IAI who delivered preterm (n=71); and (6) spontaneous PTL with IAI (n=38). AF CCL20 concentrations were determined using ELISA. RESULTS (1) The median AF CCL20 concentration in TNL was higher than that of mid-trimester patients; (2) Women in spontaneous labor at term had a higher median AF concentration of CCL20 than patients at term not in labor; (3) Patients with spontaneous PTL and IAI had a significantly higher median AF concentration of CCL20 than those without IAI who delivered preterm and those who delivered at term. Moreover, women with spontaneous PTL without IAI who delivered preterm had a significantly higher median AF concentration than those with PTL who subsequently delivered at term. CONCLUSIONS (1) CCL20 is a physiologic constituent of AF and its concentration increases as term approaches; (2) spontaneous labor (term and preterm) in the absence of IAI is associated with increased bioavailability of AF CCL20 suggesting that an increase in CCL20 is part of the common pathway of human parturition; (3) patients with IAI had dramatic elevations in the AF CCL20 concentrations suggesting that this chemokine participates in the host response to infection or other stimuli associated with intra-amniotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hamill
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sam Edwin
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lara A. Friel
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Toth B, Hornung D, Scholz C, Djalali S, Friese K, Jeschke U. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: new players in the field of reproduction. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:289-310. [PMID: 17681045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Synthetic ligands to one family member, PPARgamma, are currently widely used as treatment for chronic diseases such as diabetes type II and other insulin resistances, e.g. as seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Moreover, novel approaches employing knock-out mice demonstrated that PPARgamma seems to play a key role in placental and fetal development. This review describes recent insights into the role of PPARs in human reproduction with specific reference to infertility, placental maturation and fetal development as well as disturbed pregnancy. Further, we highlight the current knowledge on synthetic ligands to PPARgamma used as a treatment in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Toth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
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Romero R. Prevention of spontaneous preterm birth: the role of sonographic cervical length in identifying patients who may benefit from progesterone treatment. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2007; 30:675-86. [PMID: 17899585 DOI: 10.1002/uog.5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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Dos Santos S, Delattre AI, De Longueville F, Bult H, Raes M. Gene Expression Profiling of LPS-Stimulated Murine Macrophages and Role of the NF- B and PI3K/mTOR Signaling Pathways. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1096:70-7. [PMID: 17405917 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1397.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, activates a broad spectrum of signaling pathways in immune cells. In this article, RAW264.7 cells have been stimulated for 4 h with 1 microg/mL of LPS in the presence or not of specific inhibitors of the NF-kappaB pathway (BAY 11-7082) and the PI3K pathway (LY294002). Gene expression profiles were characterized using the DNA microarray "Dual Chip Mouse Inflammation." This array monitors the expression of 233 genes encoding proteins playing a role in inflammation. Both signaling pathways exert an important role in the response to LPS, but they are not completely overlapping. For example, genes encoding the PAF receptor, PAI-1, PlA2 (group V), IL-13 receptor (alpha2), and GTP cyclohydrolase 1, were upregulated after LPS treatment, but this upregulation was counteracted by LY294002. The same was observed for BAY 11-7082: genes encoding the kit ligand, TLR2, or TNFRSF5 were mainly under the control of NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB plays an important role in the macrophage response to LPS, but we have also shown that the PI3K pathway partially contributes to it. Further experiments with the specific inhibitor of mTOR (rapamycin) will provide more information on the specific contribution of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Namur (F.U.N.D.P.), Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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Zaragoza DB, Wilson RR, Mitchell BF, Olson DM. The Interleukin 1beta-Induced Expression of Human Prostaglandin F2alpha Receptor Messenger RNA in Human Myometrial-Derived ULTR Cells Requires the Transcription Factor, NFkappaB1. Biol Reprod 2006; 75:697-704. [PMID: 16855208 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.053439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes involved in parturition are poorly understood. The mRNA expression of the prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor (PTGFR), a uterine activating gene, is increased at labor and is required for uterine contractile activity in numerous animal models, although the signaling pathways responsible for this increased expression have not been identified. Proinflammatory cytokines have been proposed to regulate the expression of the uterine activating genes via activation of the nuclear transcription factor, NFkappaB, and initiate labor. However, it is uncertain whether uterine PTGFR is regulated this way. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that treatment of immortalized human myometrial-derived ULTR cells with the proinflammatory cytokine IL1beta causes an increase in PTGFR mRNA levels. Furthermore, IL1beta treatment increased the nuclear levels of the RELA subunit of NFkappaB and increased binding of RELA to the NFkappaB DNA-binding site. Inhibition of NFkappaB activation with either the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or phenethyl caffeiate reduced PTGFR mRNA levels, which indicates that this transcription factor is important for basal transcription. Furthermore, this inhibition prevented IL1beta induction ofPTGFRmRNA, which confirms that NFkappaB is required for the IL1beta-induced increase inPTGFR. These results are consistent with the proposal that proinflammatory cytokines directly regulate uterine activation genes and that the transcription factor NFkappaB is involved in both basal and IL1beta-stimulated transcription of the PTGFR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean B Zaragoza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Canada.
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The role and regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathway in human labour. Placenta 2006; 28:543-56. [PMID: 16843526 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the discipline of reproductive biology, our understanding of one of the most fundamental biological processes is lacking--the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern birth. This lack of understanding limits our ability to reduce the incidence of labour complications. The incidence of labour complications including: preterm labour; cervical incompetence; and post-date pregnancies has not diminished in decades. The key to improving the management of human labour and delivery is an understanding of how the multiple processes that are requisite for a successful labour and delivery are coordinated to achieve a timely birth. Processes of human labour include the formation of: contraction associated proteins; inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines); uterotonic phospholipid metabolites (e.g. prostaglandins); and the induction of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Increasingly, it is becoming evident that labour onset and birth are the result of cross-talk between multiple components of an integrated network. This hypothesis is supported by recent data implicating various upstream regulatory pathways in the control of key labour-associated processes, including the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of prostaglandins and extracellular matrix remodelling, and mediators of inflammation. Clearly, the biochemical pathways involved in the formation of these mediators represent potential sites for intervention that may translate to therapeutic interventions to delay or prevent preterm labour and delivery. Available data strongly implicate the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) family as candidate upstream regulators of multiple labour-associated processes. Not only do these data warrant further detailed analysis of the involvement of these pathways in the process of human labour but also promise new insights into the key mechanisms that trigger birth and the identification of new therapeutic interventions that will improve the management of labour.
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