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Mateo-Otero Y, Yeste M, Damato A, Giaretta E. Cryopreservation and oxidative stress in porcine oocytes. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:20-26. [PMID: 33418187 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several vitrification protocols have been established for porcine oocytes so as to facilitate gene banking of female germplasm. Although live piglets have been successfully produced from pig oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, the competence of vitrified oocytes to develop into the blastocyst stage is greatly compromised following cryopreservation. The focus of this review is to elucidate the impact of cryopreservation on the redox balance of pig oocytes, making special reference to the relevance of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defences. Besides, the regulation of gene expression in response to oxidative stress is also considered. Finally, we discuss the effects of supplementing maturation and vitrification media with the exogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants that have hitherto yielded the most relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentel Mateo-Otero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Anna Damato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Menchini RJ, Chaudhry FA. Multifaceted regulation of the system A transporter Slc38a2 suggests nanoscale regulation of amino acid metabolism and cellular signaling. Neuropharmacology 2019; 161:107789. [PMID: 31574264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for cellular protein synthesis, growth, metabolism, signaling and in stress responses. Cell plasma membranes harbor specialized transporters accumulating amino acids to support a variety of cellular biochemical pathways. Several transporters for neutral amino acids have been characterized. However, Slc38a2 (also known as SA1, SAT2, ATA2, SNAT2) representing the classical transport system A activity stands in a unique position: Being a secondarily active transporter energized by the electrochemical gradient of Na+, it creates steep concentration gradients for amino acids such as glutamine: this may subsequently drive the accumulation of additional neutral amino acids through exchange via transport systems ASC and L. Slc38a2 is ubiquitously expressed, yet in a cell-specific manner. In this review, we show that Slc38a2 is regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels as well as by ions and proteins through direct interactions. We describe how Slc38a2 senses amino acid availability and passes this onto intracellular signaling pathways and how it regulates protein synthesis, cellular proliferation and apoptosis through the mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) pathways. Furthermore, we review how this extensively regulated transporter contributes to cellular osmoadaptation and how it is regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and various hormonal stimuli to promote cellular metabolism, cellular signaling and cell survival. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farrukh Abbas Chaudhry
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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The anti-oxidant roles of Taurine and Hypotaurine on acrosome integrity, HBA and HSPA2 of the human sperm during vitrification and post warming in two different temperature. Cryobiology 2019; 90:89-95. [PMID: 31330124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in vitrification techniques for sperm cryopreservation, cryo-damages of sperm caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continue to impede implementation of this technique. This study analyses the effects of taurine and hypotaurine as anti-oxidants during vitrification of human sperms. The study was performed in two steps. In the first step, 20 normospermic semen samples were vitrified in the presence of varying concentrations of taurine and hypotaurine, and their effects as anti-oxidant agents on classical sperm parameters, hyaluronan-binding assay (HBA), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and acrosome reaction (AR) were studied. Statistical analyses showed that the sperm parameters in all vitrified groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the fresh group. However, HBA and acrosome integrity in vitrified groups containing taurine and 50 mM of hypotaurine were better than in the control group (P < 0.05). The morphology of the vitrified group was good only in the group that contained 50 mM of hypotaurine (P < 0.05). Based on the results from the first step, 50 mM of hypotaurine was considered the ideal anti-oxidant formulation and further tests were carried out on 10 normospermic semen samples with this protecting agent. In addition to the mentioned parameters, the expression of heat shock proteinA2 (HSPA2) was studied in the vitrified group with 50 mM hypotaurine, warmed under two different warming temperatures 37 and 42 °C. 50 mM Hypotaurine was found to equally improve motility, morphology, HBA, and AR after warming at 37 °C and 42 °C (P < 0.05). However, at both warming temperatures, the expression of HSPA2 was reduced in all vitrified groups comparing to the fresh group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, taurine and hypotaurine antioxidants, especially 50 mM hypotaurine, are able to reduce deleterious cryo-injuries on morphology, acrosome and HBA and improve sperm recovery at both warming temperatures (37 and 42 °C). However, they do not have any protective action on expression of HSPA2.
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McColl ER, Piquette-Miller M. Poly(I:C) alters placental and fetal brain amino acid transport in a rat model of maternal immune activation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13115. [PMID: 30924965 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is associated with increased chances of neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the exact mechanism through which MIA contributes to altered neurodevelopment is unknown. Due to the important role that amino acids play in neurodevelopment, altered amino acid transport could play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, altered plasma concentrations of multiple amino acids have been reported in individuals with ASD or schizophrenia. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether virally mediated MIA induces changes in amino acid transporters in the placenta and fetal brain. METHOD OF STUDY Pregnant rats were administered poly(I:C) on gestational day 14, and placental and fetal tissues were collected 6, 24, and 48 hours later. Amino acid transporter expression was measured in the placenta and fetal brain using qPCR, Western blotting, and Simple Western. Free amino acid concentrations in the fetal brain were quantified using HPLC. RESULTS Poly(I:C) increased mRNA expression of several amino acid transporters in the placenta and fetal brain over these timepoints. Conversely, poly(I:C) imposed significant decreases in the protein expression of ASCT1 and EAAT2 in placenta and expression of SNAT5, EAAT1, and GLYT1 in fetal brain. Functional consequences of altered transporter expression were demonstrated through widespread changes in the concentrations of free amino acids in the fetal brains. CONCLUSION Together, these results represent novel findings with the poly(I:C) MIA model and contribute to the understanding of how MIA during pregnancy potentially leads to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza R McColl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Walker N, Filis P, O'Shaughnessy PJ, Bellingham M, Fowler PA. Nutrient transporter expression in both the placenta and fetal liver are affected by maternal smoking. Placenta 2019; 78:10-17. [PMID: 30955705 PMCID: PMC6461130 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The placenta controls nutrient transfer between mother and fetus via membrane transporters. Appropriate transplacental passage of nutrients is essential for fetal growth and development. We investigated whether transporter transcript levels in human placenta-liver pairs from first and early second trimester pregnancies exhibit gestational age- or fetal sex-specific profiles and whether these are dysregulated by maternal smoking. Methods In a step-change for the field, paired placenta and fetal livers from 54 electively terminated, normally-progressing pregnancies (7–20 weeks of gestation, Scottish Advanced Fetal Research Study, REC 15/NS/0123) were sexed and cigarette smoking-exposure confirmed. Thirty-six nutrient transporter transcripts were quantified using RT-qPCR. Results While fetal, liver and placenta weights were not altered by maternal smoking, levels of transporter transcripts changed with fetal age and sex in the placenta and fetal liver and their trajectories were altered if the mother smoked. Placental levels of glucose uptake transporters SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 increased in smoking-exposed fetuses while smoking was associated with altered levels of amino acid and fatty acid transporter genes in both tissues. SLC7A8, which exchanges non-essential amino acids in the fetus for essential amino acids from the placenta, was reduced in smoking-exposed placentas while transcript levels of four hepatic fatty acid uptake transporters were also reduced by smoking. Discussion This data shows that fetal sex and age and maternal smoking are associated with altered transporter transcript levels. This could influence nutrient transport across the placenta and subsequent uptake by the fetal liver, altering trophic delivery to the growing fetus. Nutrient transporters show differential expression in first/second trimesters. Maternal smoking alters transporter expression of three essential nutrient groups. Fatty acid transporter expression is reduced in smoke-exposed fetal livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Walker
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Peter J O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Jia Y, Song H, Gao G, Cai D, Yang X, Zhao R. Maternal Betaine Supplementation during Gestation Enhances Expression of mtDNA-Encoded Genes through D-Loop DNA Hypomethylation in the Skeletal Muscle of Newborn Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10152-10160. [PMID: 26527363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Betaine has been widely used in animal and human nutrition to promote muscle growth and performance, yet it remains unknown whether maternal betaine supplementation during gestation affects the metabolic characteristics of neonatal skeletal muscles. In the present study, feeding sows with betaine-supplemented diets throughout gestation significantly upregulated the expression of mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS genes (p < 0.05), including COX1, COX2, and ND5, in the muscle of newborn piglets, which was associated with enhanced mitochondrial COX enzyme activity (p < 0.05). Concurrently, maternal betaine supplementation increased the plasma betaine concentration and muscle expression of methyl transfer enzymes (p < 0.05), BHMT and GNMT, in offspring piglets. Nevertheless, Dnmt3a was downregulated at the level of both mRNA and protein, which was associated with a hypomethylated mtDNA D-loop region (p < 0.05). These results suggest that maternal betaine supplementation during gestation enhances expression of mtDNA-encoded genes through D-loop DNA hypomethylation in the skeletal muscle of newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haogang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guichao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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Nishimura T, Kojima T, Takahashi Y, Tomi M, Nakashima E. WITHDRAWN: Induction of sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) by hypertonic stress in placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Maino B, D'Agata V, Severini C, Ciotti MT, Calissano P, Copani A, Chang YC, DeLisi C, Cavallaro S. Igf1 and Pacap rescue cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis via a common transcriptional program. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1. [PMID: 26941962 PMCID: PMC4773033 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A shift of the delicate balance between apoptosis and survival-inducing signals determines the fate of neurons during the development of the central nervous system and its homeostasis throughout adulthood. Both pathways, promoting or protecting from apoptosis, trigger a transcriptional program. We conducted whole-genome expression profiling to decipher the transcriptional regulatory elements controlling the apoptotic/survival switch in cerebellar granule neurons following the induction of apoptosis by serum and potassium deprivation or their rescue by either insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) or pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (Pacap). Although depending on different upstream signaling pathways, the survival effects of Igf1 and Pacap converged into common transcriptional cascades, thus suggesting the existence of a general transcriptional program underlying neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maino
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Research Council, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Yi-Chien Chang
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles DeLisi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Schober AL, Mongin AA. Intracellular levels of glutamate in swollen astrocytes are preserved via neurotransmitter reuptake and de novo synthesis: implications for hyponatremia. J Neurochem 2015; 135:176-85. [PMID: 26235094 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyponatremia and several other CNS pathologies are associated with substantial astrocytic swelling. To counteract cell swelling, astrocytes lose intracellular osmolytes, including l-glutamate and taurine, through volume-regulated anion channel. In vitro, when swollen by exposure to hypo-osmotic medium, astrocytes lose endogenous taurine faster, paradoxically, than l-glutamate or l-aspartate. Here, we explored the mechanisms responsible for differences between the rates of osmolyte release in primary rat astrocyte cultures. In radiotracer assays, hypo-osmotic efflux of preloaded [(14) C]taurine was indistinguishable from d-[(3) H]aspartate and only 30-40% faster than l-[(3) H]glutamate. However, when we used HPLC to measure the endogenous intracellular amino acid content, hypo-osmotic loss of taurine was approximately fivefold greater than l-glutamate, and no loss of l-aspartate was detected. The dramatic difference between loss of endogenous taurine and glutamate was eliminated after inhibition of both glutamate reuptake [with 300 μM dl-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartic acid (TBOA)] and glutamate synthesis by aminotransferases [with 1 mM aminooxyacetic acid (AOA)]. Treatment with TBOA+AOA made reductions in the intracellular taurine and l-glutamate levels approximately equal. Taken together, these data suggest that swollen astrocytes actively conserve intracellular glutamate via reuptake and de novo synthesis. Our findings likely also explain why in animal models of acute hyponatremia, extracellular levels of taurine are dramatically elevated with minimal impact on extracellular l-glutamate. We identified mechanisms that allow astrocytes to conserve intracellular l-glutamate (Glu) upon exposure to hypo-osmotic environment. Cell swelling activates volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) and triggers loss of Glu, taurine (Tau), and other cytosolic amino acids. Glu is conserved via reuptake by Na(+) -dependent transporters and de novo synthesis in the reactions of mitochondrial transamination (TA). These findings explain why, in acute hyponatremia, extracellular levels of Tau can be dramatically elevated with minimal changes in extracellular Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Schober
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alexander A Mongin
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Tomi M, Eguchi H, Ozaki M, Tawara T, Nishimura S, Higuchi K, Maruyama T, Nishimura T, Nakashima E. Role of OAT4 in Uptake of Estriol Precursor 16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Into Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblasts From Fetus. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2704-12. [PMID: 25919187 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estriol biosynthesis in human placenta requires the uptake of a fetal liver-derived estriol precursor, 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16α-OH DHEAS), by placental syncytiotrophoblasts at their basal plasma membrane (BM), which faces the fetal circulation. The aim of this work is to identify the transporter(s) mediating 16α-OH DHEAS uptake at the fetal side of syncytiotrophoblasts by using human placental BM-enriched vesicles and to examine the contribution of the putative transporter to estriol synthesis at the cellular level, using choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Organic anion transporter (OAT)-4 and organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 proteins were enriched in human placental BM vesicles compared with crude membrane fraction. Uptake of [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS by BM vesicles was partially inhibited in the absence of sodium but was significantly increased in the absence of chloride and after preloading glutarate. Uptake of [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS by BM vesicles was significantly inhibited by OAT4 substrates such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estrone-3-sulfate, and bromosulfophthalein but not by cyclosporin A, tetraethylammonium, p-aminohippuric acid, or cimetidine. These characteristics of vesicular [(3)H]16α-OH DHEAS uptake are in good agreement with those of human OAT4-transfected COS-7 cells as well as forskolin-differentiated JEG-3 cells. Estriol secretion from differentiated JEG-3 cells was detected when the cells were incubated with 16α-OH DHEAS for 8 hours but was inhibited in the presence of 50 μM bromosulfophthalein. Our results indicate that OAT4 at the BM of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts plays a predominant role in the uptake of 16α-OH DHEAS for placental estriol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ozaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tawara
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachika Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maruyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy (M.T., H.E., M.O., T.T., S.N., K.H., T.N., E.N.), Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (K.H.), Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.M.), School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku 160-8512, Tokyo, Japan
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Protective effect of hypotaurine against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in rat placental trophoblasts. Placenta 2015; 36:693-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Noguchi S, Nishimura T, Fujibayashi A, Maruyama T, Tomi M, Nakashima E. Organic Anion Transporter 4-Mediated Transport of Olmesartan at Basal Plasma Membrane of Human Placental Barrier. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3128-35. [PMID: 25820021 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating fetal transfer of olmesartan, an angiotensin-II receptor type 1 antagonist, are important as potential determinants of life-threatening adverse fetal effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the olmesartan transport mechanism through the basal plasma membrane (BM) of human syncytiotrophoblasts forming the placental barrier. Uptake of olmesartan by human placental BM vesicles was potently inhibited by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estrone 3-sulfate, and bromosulfophthalein, which are all typical substrates of organic anion transporter (OAT) 4 localized at the BM of syncytiotrophoblasts, and was increased in the absence of chloride. In tetracycline-inducible OAT4-expressing cells, [(3) H]olmesartan uptake was increased by tetracycline treatment. Olmesartan uptake via OAT4 was concentration dependent with a Km of 20 μM, and was increased in the absence of chloride. [(3) H]Olmesartan efflux via OAT4 was also observed and was trans-stimulated by extracellular chloride and DHEAS. Thus, OAT4 mediates bidirectional transport of olmesartan and appears to regulate fetal transfer of olmesartan at the BM of syncytiotrophoblasts. Efflux transport of olmesartan via OAT4 from syncytiotrophoblasts to the fetal circulation might be facilitated in the presence of an inwardly directed physiological chloride gradient and extracellular DHEAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | | | - Ayasa Fujibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8512, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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Oenarto J, Görg B, Moos M, Bidmon HJ, Häussinger D. Expression of organic osmolyte transporters in cultured rat astrocytes and rat and human cerebral cortex. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 560:59-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Nishimura T, Higuchi K, Sai Y, Sugita Y, Yoshida Y, Tomi M, Wada M, Wakayama T, Tamura A, Tsukita S, Soga T, Nakashima E. Fetal growth retardation and lack of hypotaurine in ezrin knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105423. [PMID: 25144766 PMCID: PMC4140781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is a membrane-associated cytoplasmic protein that serves to link cell-membrane proteins with the actin-based cytoskeleton, and also plays a role in regulation of the functional activities of some transmembrane proteins. It is expressed in placental trophoblasts. We hypothesized that placental ezrin is involved in the supply of nutrients from mother to fetus, thereby influencing fetal growth. The aim of this study was firstly to clarify the effect of ezrin on fetal growth and secondly to determine whether knockout of ezrin is associated with decreased concentrations of serum and placental nutrients. Ezrin knockout mice (Ez−/−) were confirmed to exhibit fetal growth retardation. Metabolome analysis of fetal serum and placental extract of ezrin knockout mice by means of capillary electrophoresis–time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed a markedly decreased concentration of hypotaurine, a precursor of taurine. However, placental levels of cysteine and cysteine sulfinic acid (precursors of hypotaurine) and taurine were not affected. Lack of hypotaurine in Ez−/− mice was confirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Administration of hypotaurine to heterogenous dams significantly decreased the placenta-to-maternal plasma ratio of hypotaurine in wild-type fetuses but only slightly decreased it in ezrin knockout fetuses, indicating that the uptake of hypotaurine from mother to placenta is saturable and that disruption of ezrin impairs the uptake of hypotaurine by placental trophoblasts. These results indicate that ezrin is required for uptake of hypotaurine from maternal serum by placental trophoblasts, and plays an important role in fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishimura
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugita
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshida
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Wada
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tomi M, Miyata Y, Noguchi S, Nishimura S, Nishimura T, Nakashima E. Role of protein kinase A in regulating steroid sulfate uptake for estrogen production in human placental choriocarcinoma cells. Placenta 2014; 35:658-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nishimura T, Yagi R, Usuda M, Oda K, Yamazaki M, Suda S, Takahashi Y, Okazaki F, Sai Y, Higuchi K, Maruyama T, Tomi M, Nakashima E. System A amino acid transporter SNAT2 shows subtype-specific affinity for betaine and hyperosmotic inducibility in placental trophoblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Hiramatsu M. [Functional role for GABA transporters in the CNS]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 143:187-192. [PMID: 24717607 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.143.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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18
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Nishimura T, Takanohashi T, Tomi M, Horikoshi M, Higuchi K, Sai Y, Nakashima E. Evaluation of rat in vivo fetal-to-maternal transfer clearances of various xenobiotics by umbilical perfusion. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3356-63. [PMID: 23620249 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is important to address the tissue permeability of drugs, particularly in tissues that have a blood-tissue barrier, in terms of both lipophilicity and the contribution of transporters. Here, we employed umbilical perfusion in rats to evaluate in vivo fetal-to-maternal transfer clearances of various xenobiotics. We measured fetal-to-maternal clearance (CLfm ) of 23 compounds, which have a broad range of lipophilicity. Drugs for which CLfm was more than 300 µL/(mL min) belonged exclusively to Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) class 1 (highly permeable) and those for which CLfm was less than 50 µL/(mL min) belonged exclusively to BDDCS class 3 (poorly permeable). For most drugs, CLfm values were broadly consistent with lipophilicity. However, CLfm of digoxin was saturable and was inhibited by verapamil, suggesting that P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux has a substantially effect on measured clearance. CLfm of mitoxantrone continued to increase slightly at high concentrations of mitoxantrone, but placental-to-maternal clearance of mitoxantrone was saturable, implying that Bcrp1 contributes to mitoxantrone efflux across the placenta. Thus, we measured CLfm by umbilical perfusion and examined the relationship between CLfm and lipophilicity of xenobiotics. Fetal-to-maternal transport clearances measured in this study will be helpful to understand the characteristics of the blood-placental barrier.
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Desforges M, Parsons L, Westwood M, Sibley CP, Greenwood SL. Taurine transport in human placental trophoblast is important for regulation of cell differentiation and survival. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e559. [PMID: 23519128 PMCID: PMC3618382 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The outer epithelial cell layer of human placenta, the syncytiotrophoblast, is a specialised terminally differentiated multinucleate tissue. It is generated and renewed from underlying cytotrophoblast cells that undergo proliferation, differentiation and fusion with syncytiotrophoblast. Acquisition of fresh cellular components is thought to be balanced by apoptosis and shedding of aged nuclei. This process of trophoblast cell turnover maintains a functional syncytiotrophoblast, capable of sufficient nutrient transfer from mother to foetus. Foetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication associated with aberrant trophoblast turnover and reduced activity of certain amino acid transporters, including the taurine transporter (TauT). Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in human placenta implying an important physiological role within this tissue. Unlike other amino acids, taurine is not incorporated into proteins and in non-placental cell types represents an important osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, and is also cytoprotective. Here, we investigated the role of taurine in trophoblast turnover using RNA interference to deplete primary human trophoblast cells of TauT and reduce intracellular taurine content. Trophoblast differentiation was compromised in TauT-deficient cells, and susceptibility of these cells to an inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in FGR was increased, evidenced by elevated levels of apoptosis. These data suggest an important role for taurine in trophoblast turnover and cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Desforges
- Maternal and Foetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Nishimura T, Chishu T, Tomi M, Nakamura R, Sato K, Kose N, Sai Y, Nakashima E. Mechanism of Nucleoside Uptake in Rat Placenta and Induction of Placental CNT2 in Experimental Diabetes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:439-46. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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