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Yu X, Wu H, Su J, Liu X, Liang K, Li Q, Yu R, Shao X, Wang H, Wang YL, Shyh-Chang N. Acetyl-CoA metabolism maintains histone acetylation for syncytialization of human placental trophoblast stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1280-1297.e7. [PMID: 39084220 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
During pregnancy, placental-fetal nutrient allocation is crucial for fetal and maternal health. However, the regulatory mechanisms for nutrient metabolism and allocation in placental trophoblasts have remained unclear. Here, we used human first-trimester placenta samples and human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) to discover that glucose metabolism is highly active in hTSCs and cytotrophoblasts, but during syncytialization, it decreases to basal levels, remaining necessary for fueling acetyl-CoA and differentiation potential. Acetate supplementation could rescue syncytiotrophoblast fusion from glycolysis deficiency by replenishing acetyl-CoA and maintaining histone acetylation, thus rescuing the activation of syncytialization genes. Even brief glycolysis deficiency could permanently inhibit differentiation potential and promote inflammation, which could also be permanently rescued by brief acetate supplementation in vivo. These results suggest that hTSCs retain only basal glycolytic acetyl-CoA metabolism during syncytialization to regulate cell fates via nutrient-responsive histone acetylation, with implications for our understanding of the balance between placental and fetal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jiali Su
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xupeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Ruoxuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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2
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Zhang K, Zhang H, Wang B, Gao S, Sun C, Jia C, Cui J. NR2F1 overexpression alleviates trophoblast cell dysfunction by inhibiting GDF15/MAPK axis in preeclampsia. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1405-1420. [PMID: 39007956 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal functions of trophoblast cells are associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1) acts as a transcriptionally regulator in many diseases, but its role in PE remains unknown. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-stimulated HTR-8/SVneo cells were used to mimic PE injury in vitro. NR2F1 overexpression alleviated trophoblast apoptosis, as evidenced by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells and the downregulation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression in cells. NR2F1 overexpression increased the invasion and migration ability of HTR-8/SVneo cells, accompanied by increased protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. mRNA-seq was applied to explore the underlying mechanism of NR2F1, identifying growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as the possible downstream effector. Dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP-qPCR, and DNA pull-down assays confirmed that NR2F1 bound to the promoter of GDF15 and transcriptionally inhibited its expression. GDF15 overexpression increased apoptosis and decreased the ability of invasion and migration in HTR-8/SVneo cells expressing NR2F1. MAPK pathway was involved in the regulation of PE. Administration of p38 inhibitor, ERK inhibitor, and JNK inhibitor reversed the effect of simultaneous overexpression NR2F1 and GDF15 on trophoblast apoptosis, invasion, and migration. Our findings demonstrated that NR2F1 overexpression inhibited trophoblast apoptosis and promoted trophoblast invasion and migration. NR2F1 might negatively regulate GDF15 expression by binding to its promoter region, which further inhibited MAPK signaling pathway in PE. Our study highlights that NR2F1 might sever as a potential target in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2, Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Adibi JJ, Zhao Y, Koistinen H, Mitchell RT, Barrett ES, Miller R, O'Connor TG, Xun X, Liang HW, Birru R, Smith M, Moog NK. Molecular pathways in placental-fetal development and disruption. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112075. [PMID: 37852527 PMCID: PMC10958409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The first trimester of pregnancy ranks high in priority when minimizing harmful exposures, given the wide-ranging types of organogenesis occurring between 4- and 12-weeks' gestation. One way to quantify potential harm to the fetus in the first trimester is to measure a corollary effect on the placenta. Placental biomarkers are widely present in maternal circulation, cord blood, and placental tissue biopsied at birth or at the time of pregnancy termination. Here we evaluate ten diverse pathways involving molecules expressed in the first trimester human placenta based on their relevance to normal fetal development and to the hypothesis of placental-fetal endocrine disruption (perturbation in development that results in abnormal endocrine function in the offspring), namely: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), thyroid hormone regulation, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor protein gamma (PPARγ), leptin, transforming growth factor beta, epiregulin, growth differentiation factor 15, small nucleolar RNAs, serotonin, and vitamin D. Some of these are well-established as biomarkers of placental-fetal endocrine disruption, while others are not well studied and were selected based on discovery analyses of the placental transcriptome. A literature search on these biomarkers summarizes evidence of placenta-specific production and regulation of each biomarker, and their role in fetal reproductive tract, brain, and other specific domains of fetal development. In this review, we extend the theory of fetal programming to placental-fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- St. Jude's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Population Health Bio-Sciences, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahel Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nora K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Vasconcelos S, Caniçais C, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Marques CJ, Dória S. The role of DNA hydroxymethylation and TET enzymes in placental development and pregnancy outcome. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:66. [PMID: 37095555 PMCID: PMC10127343 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a temporary organ that is essential for supporting mammalian embryo and fetal development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying trophoblast differentiation and placental function may contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of obstetric complications. Epigenetics plays a significant role in the regulation of gene expression, particularly at imprinted genes, which are fundamental in the control of placental development. The Ten-Eleven-Translocation enzymes are part of the epigenetic machinery, converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). DNA hydroxymethylation is thought to act as an intermediate in the DNA demethylation mechanism and potentially be a stable and functionally relevant epigenetic mark on its own. The role of DNA hydroxymethylation during differentiation and development of the placenta is not fully understood but increasing knowledge in this field will help to evaluate its potential role in pregnancy complications. This review focuses on DNA hydroxymethylation and its epigenetic regulators in human and mouse placental development and function. Additionally, we address 5hmC in the context of genomic imprinting mechanism and in pregnancy complications, such as intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia and pregnancy loss. The cumulative findings show that DNA hydroxymethylation might be important for the control of gene expression in the placenta and suggest a dynamic role in the differentiation of trophoblast cell types during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vasconcelos
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Caniçais
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - C Joana Marques
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Dória
- Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Vachalova V, Karahoda R, Ottaviani M, Anandam KY, Abad C, Albrecht C, Staud F. Functional reorganization of monoamine transport systems during villous trophoblast differentiation: evidence of distinct differences between primary human trophoblasts and BeWo cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35927731 PMCID: PMC9351077 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three primary monoamines-serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine-play major roles in the placenta-fetal brain axis. Analogously to the brain, the placenta has transport mechanisms that actively take up these monoamines into trophoblast cells. These transporters are known to play important roles in the differentiated syncytiotrophoblast layer, but their status and activities in the undifferentiated, progenitor cytotrophoblast cells are not well understood. Thus, we have explored the cellular handling and regulation of monoamine transporters during the phenotypic transitioning of cytotrophoblasts along the villous pathway. METHODS Experiments were conducted with two cellular models of syncytium development: primary trophoblast cells isolated from the human term placenta (PHT), and the choriocarcinoma-derived BeWo cell line. The gene and protein expression of membrane transporters for serotonin (SERT), norepinephrine (NET), dopamine (DAT), and organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) was determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of trophoblast differentiation on transporter activity was analyzed by monoamine uptake into cells. RESULTS We present multiple lines of evidence of changes in the transcriptional and functional regulation of monoamine transporters associated with trophoblast differentiation. These include enhancement of SERT and DAT gene and protein expression in BeWo cells. On the other hand, in PHT cells we report negative modulation of SERT, NET, and OCT3 protein expression. We show that OCT3 is the dominant monoamine transporter in PHT cells, and its main functional impact is on serotonin uptake, while passive transport strongly contributes to norepinephrine and dopamine uptake. Further, we show that a wide range of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors affect serotonin cellular accumulation, at pharmacologically relevant drug concentrations, via their action on both OCT3 and SERT. Finally, we demonstrate that BeWo cells do not well reflect the molecular mechanisms and properties of healthy human trophoblast cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings provide insights into the regulation of monoamine transport during trophoblast differentiation and present important considerations regarding appropriate in vitro models for studying monoamine regulation in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vachalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ottaviani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kasin Yadunandam Anandam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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6
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Shao X, Yu W, Yang Y, Wang F, Yu X, Wu H, Ma Y, Cao B, Wang YL. The mystery of the life tree: the placenta. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:301-316. [PMID: 35552600 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the interface between the fetal and maternal environments during mammalian gestation, critically safeguarding the health of the developing fetus and the mother. Placental trophoblasts origin from embryonic trophectoderm that differentiates into various trophoblastic subtypes through villous and extravillous pathways. The trophoblasts actively interact with multiple decidual cells and immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface and thus construct fundamental functional units, which are responsible for blood perfusion, maternal-fetal material exchange, placental endocrine, immune tolerance, and adequate defense barrier against pathogen infection. Various pregnant complications are tightly associated with the defects in placental development and function maintenance. In this review, we summarize the current views and our recent progress on the mechanisms underlying the formation of placental functional units, the interactions among trophoblasts and various uterine cells, as well as the placental barrier against pathogen infections during pregnancy. The involvement of placental dysregulation in adverse pregnancy outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yeling Ma
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Choi M, Byun N, Hwang JR, Choi YS, Sung JH, Choi SJ, Kim JS, Oh SY, Roh CR. Effect of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on syncytial differentiation and autophagy in primary human trophoblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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8
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OUP accepted manuscript. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6583214. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jaremek A, Jeyarajah MJ, Jaju Bhattad G, Renaud SJ. Omics Approaches to Study Formation and Function of Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674162. [PMID: 34211975 PMCID: PMC8240757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper development of the placenta is vital for pregnancy success. The placenta regulates exchange of nutrients and gases between maternal and fetal blood and produces hormones essential to maintain pregnancy. The placental cell lineage primarily responsible for performing these functions is a multinucleated entity called syncytiotrophoblast. Syncytiotrophoblast is continuously replenished throughout pregnancy by fusion of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts. Dysregulated syncytiotrophoblast formation disrupts the integrity of the placental exchange surface, which can be detrimental to maternal and fetal health. Moreover, various factors produced by syncytiotrophoblast enter into maternal circulation, where they profoundly impact maternal physiology and are promising diagnostic indicators of pregnancy health. Despite the multifunctional importance of syncytiotrophoblast for pregnancy success, there is still much to learn about how its formation is regulated in normal and diseased states. ‘Omics’ approaches are gaining traction in many fields to provide a more holistic perspective of cell, tissue, and organ function. Herein, we review human syncytiotrophoblast development and current model systems used for its study, discuss how ‘omics’ strategies have been used to provide multidimensional insights into its formation and function, and highlight limitations of current platforms as well as consider future avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jaremek
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gargi Jaju Bhattad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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10
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Yong HEJ, Chan SY. Current approaches and developments in transcript profiling of the human placenta. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 26:799-840. [PMID: 33043357 PMCID: PMC7600289 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is the active interface between mother and foetus, bearing the molecular marks of rapid development and exposures in utero. The placenta is routinely discarded at delivery, providing a valuable resource to explore maternal-offspring health and disease in pregnancy. Genome-wide profiling of the human placental transcriptome provides an unbiased approach to study normal maternal–placental–foetal physiology and pathologies. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To date, many studies have examined the human placental transcriptome, but often within a narrow focus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of human placental transcriptome studies, encompassing those from the cellular to tissue levels and contextualize current findings from a broader perspective. We have consolidated studies into overarching themes, summarized key research findings and addressed important considerations in study design, as a means to promote wider data sharing and support larger meta-analysis of already available data and greater collaboration between researchers in order to fully capitalize on the potential of transcript profiling in future studies. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database, National Center for Biotechnology Information and European Bioinformatics Institute dataset repositories were searched, to identify all relevant human studies using ‘placenta’, ‘decidua’, ‘trophoblast’, ‘transcriptome’, ‘microarray’ and ‘RNA sequencing’ as search terms until May 2019. Additional studies were found from bibliographies of identified studies. OUTCOMES The 179 identified studies were classifiable into four broad themes: healthy placental development, pregnancy complications, exposures during pregnancy and in vitro placental cultures. The median sample size was 13 (interquartile range 8–29). Transcriptome studies prior to 2015 were predominantly performed using microarrays, while RNA sequencing became the preferred choice in more recent studies. Development of fluidics technology, combined with RNA sequencing, has enabled transcript profiles to be generated of single cells throughout pregnancy, in contrast to previous studies relying on isolated cells. There are several key study aspects, such as sample selection criteria, sample processing and data analysis methods that may represent pitfalls and limitations, which need to be carefully considered as they influence interpretation of findings and conclusions. Furthermore, several areas of growing importance, such as maternal mental health and maternal obesity are understudied and the profiling of placentas from these conditions should be prioritized. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Integrative analysis of placental transcriptomics with other ‘omics’ (methylome, proteome and metabolome) and linkage with future outcomes from longitudinal studies is crucial in enhancing knowledge of healthy placental development and function, and in enabling the underlying causal mechanisms of pregnancy complications to be identified. Such understanding could help in predicting risk of future adversity and in designing interventions that can improve the health outcomes of both mothers and their offspring. Wider collaboration and sharing of placental transcriptome data, overcoming the challenges in obtaining sufficient numbers of quality samples with well-defined clinical characteristics, and dedication of resources to understudied areas of pregnancy will undoubtedly help drive the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Msheik H, El Hayek S, Bari MF, Azar J, Abou-Kheir W, Kobeissy F, Vatish M, Daoud G. Transcriptomic profiling of trophoblast fusion using BeWo and JEG-3 cell lines. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:811-824. [PMID: 31778538 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In human placenta, alteration in trophoblast differentiation has a major impact on placental maintenance and integrity. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control cytotrophoblast fusion. The BeWo cell line is used to study placental function, since it forms syncytium and secretes hormones after treatment with cAMP or forskolin. In contrast, the JEG-3 cell line fails to undergo substantial fusion. Therefore, BeWo and JEG-3 cells were used to identify a set of genes responsible for trophoblast fusion. Cells were treated with forskolin for 48 h to induce fusion. RNA was extracted, hybridised to Affymetrix HuGene ST1.0 arrays and analysed using system biology. Trophoblast differentiation was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis. Moreover, some of the identified genes were validated by real-time PCR and their functional capacity was demonstrated by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies and CRISPR/cas9 knockdown experiments. Our results identified a list of 32 altered genes in fused BeWo cells compared to JEG-3 cells after forskolin treatment. Among these genes, four were validated by RT-PCR, including salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) gene which is specifically upregulated in BeWo cells upon fusion and activated after 2 min with forskolin. Moreover, silencing of SIK1 completely abolished the fusion. Finally, SIK1 was shown to be at the center of many biological and functional processes, suggesting that it might play a role in trophoblast differentiation. In conclusion, this study identified new target genes implicated in trophoblast fusion. More studies are required to investigate the role of these genes in some placental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - S El Hayek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Furqan Bari
- Department of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - J Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - W Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - F Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - G Daoud
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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12
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Comparative Study of PPAR γ Targets in Human Extravillous and Villous Cytotrophoblasts. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:9210748. [PMID: 32308672 PMCID: PMC7152979 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9210748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblasts, as the cells that make up the main part of the placenta, undergo cell differentiation processes such as invasion, migration, and fusion. Abnormalities in these processes can lead to a series of gestational diseases whose underlying mechanisms are still unclear. One protein that has proven to be essential in placentation is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which is expressed in the nuclei of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCTs) in the first trimester and villous cytotrophoblasts (VCTs) throughout pregnancy. Here, we aimed to explore the genome-wide effects of PPARγ on EVCTs and VCTs via treatment with the PPARγ-agonist rosiglitazone. EVCTs and VCTs were purified from human chorionic villi, cultured in vitro, and treated with rosiglitazone. The transcriptomes of both types of cells were then quantified using microarray profiling. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered and submitted for gene ontology (GO) annotation and pathway analysis with ClueGO. The online tool STRING was used to predict PPARγ and DEG protein interactions, while iRegulon was used to predict the binding sites for PPARγ and DEG promoters. GO and pathway terms were compared between EVCTs and VCTs with clusterProfiler. Visualizations were prepared in Cytoscape. From our microarray data, 139 DEGs were detected in rosiglitazone-treated EVCTs (RT-EVCTs) and 197 DEGs in rosiglitazone-treated VCTs (RT-VCTs). Downstream annotation analysis revealed the similarities and differences between RT-EVCTs and RT-VCTs with respect to the biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components, and KEGG pathways affected by the treatment, as well as predicted binding sites for both protein-protein interactions and transcription factor-target gene interactions. These results provide a broad perspective of PPARγ-activated processes in trophoblasts; further analysis of the transcriptomic signatures of RT-EVCTs and RT-VCTs should open new avenues for future research and contribute to the discovery of possible drug-targeted genes or pathways in the human placenta.
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13
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Degrelle SA, Chissey A, Stepanian A, Fournier T, Guibourdenche J, Mandelbrot L, Tsatsaris V. Placental Overexpression of Soluble CORIN in Preeclampsia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:970-976. [PMID: 32084366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy associated with substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. CORIN is a transmembrane type II serine protease expressed in cardiomyocytes that converts pro-atrial natriuretic peptide into atrial natriuretic peptide, a cardiac hormone that regulates blood pressure. High levels of soluble CORIN have been reported in PE and are supposed to be cardiac in origin. We hypothesized that during pregnancy soluble CORIN is released by the syncytiotrophoblast and that increased levels of soluble CORIN in preeclampsia originate from placenta. A total of 375 patients (181 PE patients and 194 controls) were analyzed. High levels of soluble CORIN were confirmed in maternal blood from preeclamptic pregnancies compared with controls. Differentiated primary villous cytotrophoblasts showed that CORIN was expressed (mRNA and protein levels) and secreted by trophoblastic cells, mostly by the syncytiotrophoblast. Finally, placental explants showed a significant increase in CORIN production and secretion in PE cases compared with controls. This study showed that CORIN is secreted by trophoblastic cells and that high levels of soluble CORIN in preeclampsia have a placental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine A Degrelle
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France; Inovarion, Paris, France.
| | - Audrey Chissey
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Alain Stepanian
- Department of Biological Haematology, Lariboisière Hospital, Public Assistance-Paris Hospitals (AP-HP), Paris, France; University Institute of Hematology, Saint Louis Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France; Department of Biological Endocrinology, Cochin University Hospital Center, Louis Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, Louis Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, Colombes, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; University Hospital Federations (FHU) PREMA, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France; University Hospital Federations (FHU) PREMA, Paris, France; Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, Port-Royal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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14
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Knöfler M, Haider S, Saleh L, Pollheimer J, Gamage TKJB, James J. Human placenta and trophoblast development: key molecular mechanisms and model systems. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3479-3496. [PMID: 31049600 PMCID: PMC6697717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal placentation is considered as an underlying cause of various pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, the latter increasing the risk for the development of severe disorders in later life such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms governing human placental formation and trophoblast cell lineage specification and differentiation have been poorly unravelled, mostly due to the lack of appropriate cellular model systems. However, over the past few years major progress has been made by establishing self-renewing human trophoblast stem cells and 3-dimensional organoids from human blastocysts and early placental tissues opening the path for detailed molecular investigations. Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about human placental development, its stem cells, progenitors and differentiated cell types in the trophoblast epithelium and the villous core. Anatomy of the early placenta, current model systems, and critical key regulatory factors and signalling cascades governing placentation will be elucidated. In this context, we will discuss the role of the developmental pathways Wingless and Notch, controlling trophoblast stemness/differentiation and formation of invasive trophoblast progenitors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knöfler
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sandra Haider
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Saleh
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 5Q, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teena K J B Gamage
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Kwak YT, Muralimanoharan S, Gogate AA, Mendelson CR. Human Trophoblast Differentiation Is Associated With Profound Gene Regulatory and Epigenetic Changes. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2189-2203. [PMID: 31294776 PMCID: PMC6821221 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Defective placental implantation and vascularization with accompanying hypoxia contribute to preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying differentiation of proliferative cytotrophoblasts (CytTs) to multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) are incompletely defined. The SynT performs key functions in nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and protection of the fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system. In this study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of midgestation human trophoblasts before CytT and after SynT differentiation in primary culture to analyze changes in binding of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and of active and repressive histone marks during SynT differentiation. Our findings reveal that increased Pol II binding to promoters of a subset of genes during trophoblast differentiation was closely correlated with active histone marks. This gene set was enriched in those controlling immune response and immune modulation, including interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat and placenta-specific glycoprotein gene family members. By contrast, genes downregulated during SynT differentiation included proinflammatory transcription factors ERG1, cFOS, and cJUN, as well as members of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor subfamily, NUR77, NURR1, and NOR1. Downregulation of proinflammatory transcription factors upon SynT differentiation was associated with decreased promoter enrichment of endogenous H3K27Ac and H3K9Ac and enhanced binding of H3K9me3 and histone deacetylase 1. However, promoter enrichment of H3K27me3 was low in both CytT and SynT and was not altered with changes in gene expression. These findings provide important insight into mechanisms underlying human trophoblast differentiation and may identify therapeutic targets for placental disorders, such as PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Tae Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aishwarya A Gogate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Correspondence: Carole R. Mendelson, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390. E-mail:
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16
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Apicella C, Ruano CSM, Méhats C, Miralles F, Vaiman D. The Role of Epigenetics in Placental Development and the Etiology of Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112837. [PMID: 31212604 PMCID: PMC6600551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively present the function of epigenetic regulations in normal placental development as well as in a prominent disease of placental origin, preeclampsia (PE). We describe current progress concerning the impact of DNA methylation, non-coding RNA (with a special emphasis on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA)) and more marginally histone post-translational modifications, in the processes leading to normal and abnormal placental function. We also explore the potential use of epigenetic marks circulating in the maternal blood flow as putative biomarkers able to prognosticate the onset of PE, as well as classifying it according to its severity. The correlation between epigenetic marks and impacts on gene expression is systematically evaluated for the different epigenetic marks analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Camino S M Ruano
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR8104 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 24 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
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17
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RNA-Seq identifies genes whose proteins are transformative in the differentiation of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast, in human primary villous and BeWo trophoblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5142. [PMID: 29572450 PMCID: PMC5865118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of villous cytotrophoblasts into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast is critical for the essential functions of the mammalian placenta. Using RNA-Seq gene expression and quantitative protein expression, we identified genes and their cognate proteins which are coordinately up- or down-regulated in two cellular models of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast development, human primary villous and human BeWo cytotrophoblasts. These include hCGβ, TREML2, PAM, CRIP2, INHA, FLRG, SERPINF1, C17orf96, KRT17 and SAA1. These findings provide avenues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying mammalian placental synctiotrophoblast development.
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18
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Degrelle SA, Fournier T. Fetal-sex determination of human placental tissues. Placenta 2017; 61:103-105. [PMID: 29277265 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is now demonstrated that the sex-specific maternal-placental-fetal interaction plays an important role in placental functions and pathologies. Determination of fetal-sex may therefore be an important consideration in studies using placenta samples. In this present study, we describe a simple, fast, and cheap protocol, which allows the fetal-sex determination of placental tissues from various starting materials (villi or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, isolated cytotrophoblasts or cellular debris from whole cell lysates, and cDNA) by a single duplex PCR reaction followed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine A Degrelle
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie De Paris, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France; Fondation PremUp, Paris, F-75006, France.
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie De Paris, Paris F-75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75006, France; Fondation PremUp, Paris, F-75006, France
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