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Rojo M, Pérez H, Millán AL, Pautasso MC, Frechtel GD, Cerrone GE. Relationship of Mitochondrial DNA Oxidation and Content with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity Phenotypes. J Obes 2024; 2024:3008093. [PMID: 39297082 PMCID: PMC11410407 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3008093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress can influence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. Our objective was to evaluate the oxidation level and content of mtDNA and its relationship with metabolic parameters in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) compared to metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and normal weight (NW) controls. Materials and Methods We studied 94 NW, 95 MHO, and 97 MUO individuals between 18 and 80 years old. Relative mtDNA content and mtDNA oxidation level (8-oxoguanine, 8-OxoG) were determined in peripheral blood leukocytes by the SYBR Green method of real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used to compare biochemical, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics, as well as mtDNA content and 8-OxoG. Results A progressive decrease in mtDNA content was observed between NW, MHO, and MUO with significant differences in MUO vs. NW (p: 0.04). An increase in 8-OxoG was observed in MUO patients compared to the other groups (MUO vs. MHO p: 0.01; MUO vs. NW p: 0.04). mtDNA content was directly correlated with HDL-c (p < 0.01) and inversely with waist circumference (p: 0.01) and LDL-c (p: 0.05). mtDNA content decreased, and the oxidation level increased concomitantly with the presence of obesity, the number of MS components, higher coronary risk, and insulin resistance parameters. Conclusion MHO presented a similar mtDNA oxidation level to NW and mtDNA content to the MUO, placing the MHO individuals as having an intermediate phenotype. Changes in mtDNA content and oxidation were correlated to the lipid profile related to obesity and/or MS presence, probably associated with oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailén Rojo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Pérez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Nutrición-Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Liliana Millán
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Constanza Pautasso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Daniel Frechtel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Nutrición-Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Héctor Alejandro (H.A) Barceló Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gloria Edith Cerrone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET Instituto de Inmunología Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Liu HY, Guo J, Zeng C, Cao Y, Ran R, Wu T, Yang G, Zhao D, Yang P, Yu X, Zhang W, Liu SM, Zhang Y. Transient Early Fine Motor Abnormalities in Infants Born to COVID-19 Mothers Are Associated With Placental Hypoxia and Ischemia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:793561. [PMID: 35071136 PMCID: PMC8772397 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.793561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on infants born to infected mothers are not clear. Fine motor skills are crucial for the development of infant emotional regulation, learning ability and social skills. Methods: Clinical information of 100 infants born to 98 mothers (COVID-19 n = 31, non-COVID-19 n = 67) were collected. Infants were follow-up up to 9 months post-partum. The placental tissues were examined for SARS-CoV-2 infection, pathological changes, cytokines, and mtDNA content. Results: Decreased placental oxygen and nutrient transport capacity were found in infected pregnant women. Increased IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were detected in trophoblast cells and maternal blood of COVID-19 placentas. Elevated early fine motor abnormal-ities and increased serum TNI (troponin I) levels at delivery were observed in infants born to mothers with COVID-19. Increased abnormal mitochondria and elevated mtDNA content were found in the placentas from infected mothers. The placental mtDNA content of three infants with abnormal DDST were increased by 4, 7, and 10%, respectively, compared to the mean of the COVID-19 group. The Maternal Vascular Malperfusion (MVM), elevated cytokines and increased placental mtDNA content in mothers with COVID-19 might be associated with transient early fine motor abnormalities in infants. These abnormalities are only temporary, and they could be corrected by daily training. Conclusions: Babies born to COVID-19 mothers with mild symptoms appeared to have little or no excess long-term risks of abnormal physical and neurobehavioral development as compared with the infants delivered by non-COVID-19 mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuming Cao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxi Ran
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiancheng Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuechen Yu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Placental malaria is the primary mechanism through which malaria in pregnancy causes adverse perinatal outcomes. This review summarizes recent work on the significance, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of placental malaria. Recent Findings Placental malaria, characterized by the accumulation of Plasmodium-infected red blood cells in the placental intervillous space, leads to adverse perinatal outcomes such as stillbirth, low birth weight, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age neonates. Placental inflammatory responses may be primary drivers of these complications. Associated factors contributing to adverse outcomes include maternal gravidity, timing of perinatal infection, and parasite burden. Summary Placental malaria is an important cause of adverse birth outcomes in endemic regions. The main strategy to combat this is intermittent preventative treatment in pregnancy; however, increasing drug resistance threatens the efficacy of this approach. There are studies dissecting the inflammatory response to placental malaria, alternative preventative treatments, and in developing a vaccine for placental malaria.
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Sun Y, Cheng Y. STING or Sting: cGAS-STING-Mediated Immune Response to Protozoan Parasites. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:773-784. [PMID: 32736985 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the DNA-sensing pathway plays a crucial role in innate immunity against multiple diseases, especially infectious diseases. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), as a DNA sensor, and stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING), as an adaptor protein, are the central components that link DNA sensing to immunologic functions - including, but not limited to, the type I IFN response. Recently, a series of studies have revealed that genomic DNA from protozoan parasites triggers the cGAS-STING pathway, and these studies identified the positive and negative regulators that modulate the signaling in parasite infection. Here, we summarize current understanding of the critical functions and potential applications of the cGAS-STING axis in parasitic diseases, specifically those caused by malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Mosavati B, Oleinikov AV, Du E. Biosensors for Detection of Human Placental Pathologies: A Review of Emerging Technologies and Current Trends. Transl Res 2019; 213:23-49. [PMID: 31170377 PMCID: PMC6783355 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substantial growth in the biosensor research has enabled novel, sensitive and point-of-care diagnosis of human diseases in the last decade. This paper presents an overview of the research in the field of biosensors that can potentially predict and diagnosis of common placental pathologies. A survey of biomarkers in maternal circulation and their characterization methods is presented, including markers of oxidative stress, angiogenic factors, placental debris, and inflammatory biomarkers that are associated with various pathophysiological processes in the context of pregnancy complications. Novel biosensors enabled by microfluidics technology and nanomaterials is then reviewed. Representative designs of plasmonic and electrochemical biosensors for highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of biomarkers, as well as on-chip sample preparation and sensing for automatic biomarker detection are illustrated. New trends in organ-on-a-chip based placental disease models are highlighted to illustrate the capability of these in vitro disease models in better understanding the complex pathophysiological processes, including mass transfer across the placental barrier, oxidative stress, inflammation, and malaria infection. Biosensor technologies that can be potentially embedded in the placental models for real time, label-free monitoring of these processes and events are suggested. Merger of cell culture in microfluidics and biosensing can provide significant potential for new developments in advanced placental models, and tools for diagnosis, drug screening and efficacy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Babak Mosavati
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Andrew V Oleinikov
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - E Du
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.
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