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Wu Z, Wang W, Zhu W, Zhang P, Chang R, Wang G. Shrub ecosystem structure in response to anthropogenic climate change: A global synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176202. [PMID: 39265690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic warming is predicted to alter ecological boundaries in energy-limited shrub ecosystems. Yet we still lack a sound understanding of the structural changes that shrub ecosystems are undergoing on a global scale and the factors driving them. To that end, here we collected studies of shrub dynamics from 227 sites worldwide to conduct a quantitative review, including the rate of advancing shrubline (their upslope shift), the rates of shrub cover and recruitment changes. Our results revealed that shrub expanded (e.g. shrubline shifts, shrub cover and recruitment increase) at the vast majority of sites (84 %); in contrast, they remained stable in 10 % of sites and descended at just 6 % of them. The mean global shift rate of shrubline was 1.22 m/year, being significantly faster in subarctic (> 60°N) than temperate (< 60°N) regions, and likewise more quickly in wet (total annual precipitation >400 mm) than dry (total annual precipitation <400 mm) areas; the annual change rates of shrub cover and recruitment increased by 0.89 % and 2.02 %. Shrubs communities have expanded rapidly in response to ongoing climate warming. The combination of autumn precipitation and winter temperature largely contributed to the general shift rates of shrubline, while the shrub cover and recruitment were mainly affected by summer temperature and precipitation in both spring and autumn. Furthermore, the site-specific pace of their expansion probably depends on a combination of local climatic and non-climatic drivers (such as fine-scale environmental conditions, disturbance, their interactions, and dispersal limitation). The increase of shrub distribution may alter the function and albedo of the ecosystems at high-latitude and -elevation regions, resulting in the feedback on climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wanze Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiying Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Genxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Mu Z, Asensio D, Sardans J, Ogaya R, Llusià J, Filella I, Tie L, Liu L, Tariq A, Zeng F, Peñuelas J. Effects of long-term nighttime warming on extractable soil element composition in a Mediterranean shrubland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175708. [PMID: 39179043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the soil biogeochemical responses to increasing global warming in the near future is essential for improving our capacity to mitigate the impacts of climate change on highly vulnerable Mediterranean ecosystems. Previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of warming on various biogeochemical processes. However, there is limited knowledge about how the changes in water availability associated to high temperatures can alter the bioavailability and dynamics of soil elements, thereby impacting ecosystem productivity, species composition, and pollution through soil biogeochemical and hydrological processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term nighttime warming on the extractable concentrations of organic carbon (EOC), total nitrogen (ETN), total phosphorus (ETP), and 17 mineral elements (arsenic (As), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), sulfur (S), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)) through environmental experiments in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland. We explored the potential biotic and abiotic mechanisms underlying the seasonal and long-term changes in extractable-mobilizable elemental composition and concentrations. Our findings revealed that prolonged warming led to higher mean annual soil temperature (with an average increase of 0.67 °C from 1999 to 2014), accumulation of soil organic matter (EOC) and extractable concentrations of soil elements (particularly increased ETP and extractable Ca, Mg, Cu, Sr, Mn, and As). These changes were attributed to uniformly higher activities of extracellular soil enzymes and/or lower plant photosynthetic and nutrient uptake capacity linked to more water deficit under warmer conditions. Seasonality unevenly altered element extractable concentrations, with soil microclimate (temperature and water content) and biological (soil microbial and plant) activity being the main drivers of this variability, thus influencing soil element composition. These results suggest significant fluctuations in the extractable concentrations of specific mineral elements in these soils, implying potential future variations in soil element composition as well as the loss of total element concentrations/contents in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems due to increasing warming. Therefore, these findings enhance our ability to predict ecosystem management strategies and mitigate the observed negative impacts on plant-soil systems and water quality in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Mu
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, 848300 Cele, China
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Liehua Tie
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Ecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044 Nanjing, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, 848300 Cele, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 830011 Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, 848300 Cele, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Liberati D, Guidolotti G, de Dato G, De Angelis P. Enhancement of ecosystem carbon uptake in a dry shrubland under moderate warming: The role of nitrogen-driven changes in plant morphology. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5629-5642. [PMID: 34363286 PMCID: PMC9290483 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Net ecosystem CO2 exchange is the result of net carbon uptake by plant photosynthesis and carbon loss by soil and plant respiration. Temperature increases due to climate change can modify the equilibrium between these fluxes and trigger ecosystem-climate feedbacks that can accelerate climate warming. As these dynamics have not been well studied in dry shrublands, we subjected a Mediterranean shrubland to a 10-year night-time temperature manipulation experiment that analyzed ecosystem carbon fluxes associated with dominant shrub species, together with several plant parameters related to leaf photosynthesis, leaf morphology, and canopy structure. Under moderate night-time warming (+0.9°C minimum daily temperature, no significant reduction in soil moisture), Cistus monspeliensis formed shoots with more leaves that were relatively larger and denser canopies that supported higher plant-level photosynthesis rates. Given that ecosystem respiration was not affected, this change in canopy morphology led to a significant enhancement in net ecosystem exchange (+47% at midday). The observed changes in shoot and canopy morphology were attributed to the improved nutritional state of the warmed plants, primarily due to changes in nitrogen cycling and higher nitrogen resorption efficiency in senescent leaves. Our results show that modifications in plant morphology triggered by moderate warming affected ecosystem CO2 fluxes, providing the first evidence for enhanced daytime carbon uptake in a dry shrubland ecosystem under experimental warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Liberati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
- Present address:
Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)National Research Council (CNR)PoranoTRItaly
| | - Giovanbattista de Dato
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
- Present address:
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) – Research Centre for Forestry and WoodArezzoItaly
| | - Paolo De Angelis
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
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Carrizo IM, López Colomba E, Tommasino E, Carloni E, Bollati G, Grunberg K. Contrasting adaptive responses to cope with drought stress and recovery in Cenchrus ciliaris L. and their implications for tissue lignification. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:762-779. [PMID: 33179274 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cenchrus ciliaris L. is a widely used species for cattle feed in arid and semi-arid regions due to good forage value and known tolerance to drought conditions. Here, we provide insights to adaptive responses of two contrasting genotypes of C. ciliaris (drought-tolerant "RN51" and drought-sensitive "RN1") to face drought stress and recovery conditions and the implications for tissue lignification. Drought stress caused a reversible decrease in the leaf water relationship and damage to photosystem II, leading to an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Plants of RN51 exhibited a pronounced increase of antioxidant enzymatic activities. Unlike the drought-sensitive genotype, RN51 exhibited further development of lignified tissues and bulliform cells and had the greatest thickness of the adaxial epidermis. Drought stress led to the rapid activation of the expression of lignin biosynthesis pathway-related enzymes. The transcript level of the caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene decreased in RN1, whereas cinnamoyl-CoA reductase transcripts were increased in RN51. After rewatering, the tolerant genotype recovered more rapidly than RN1. Even though the two genotypes survived when they were exposed to drought stress, RN1 showed the highest reduction in growth parameters, and this reduction was sustained during rewatering. The results indicated that the capacity to regulate lipid peroxidation and mitigate oxidative damage could be one of the mechanisms included in tolerance to drought stress. In addition, the development of foliar characteristics, like thickness of the adaxial epidermis, well-developed bulliform cells, and intensive lignified tissues, are considered anatomical adaptive strategies for drought tolerance in C. ciliaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana M Carrizo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana López Colomba
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Exequiel Tommasino
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Carloni
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela Bollati
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karina Grunberg
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
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Liu D, Zhang C, Ogaya R, Fernández‐Martínez M, Pugh TAM, Peñuelas J. Increasing climatic sensitivity of global grassland vegetation biomass and species diversity correlates with water availability. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1761-1771. [PMID: 33577084 PMCID: PMC8252445 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands are key repositories of biodiversity and carbon storage and are heavily impacted by effects of global warming and changes in precipitation regimes. Patterns of grassland dynamics associated with variability in future climate conditions across spatiotemporal scales are yet to be adequately quantified. Here, we performed a global meta-analysis of year and growing season sensitivities of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB), aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and species richness (SR) and diversity (Shannon index, H) to experimental climate warming and precipitation shifts. All four variables were sensitive to climate change. Their sensitivities to shifts in precipitation were correlated with local background water availability, such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) and aridity, and AGB and ANPP sensitivities were greater in dry habitats than in nonwater-limited habitats. There was no effect of duration of experiment (short vs long term) on sensitivities. Temporal trends in ANPP and SR sensitivity depended on local water availability; ANPP sensitivity to warming increased over time and SR sensitivity to irrigation decreased over time. Our results provide a global overview of the sensitivities of grassland function and diversity to climate change that will improve the understanding of ecological responses across spatiotemporal scales and inform policies for conservation in dry climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
| | - Chao Zhang
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
- Optics of Photosynthesis LaboratoryInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest SciencesViikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
- CREAFCerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia)08193Spain
| | | | - Thomas A. M. Pugh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham,B15 2TTUK
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLund22362Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSICGlobal Ecology UnitCREAF‐CSIC‐Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Catalonia)08193Spain
- CREAFCerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia)08193Spain
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Zuccarini P, Asensio D, Ogaya R, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Effects of seasonal and decadal warming on soil enzymatic activity in a P-deficient Mediterranean shrubland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3698-3714. [PMID: 32159881 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil enzymes are central in the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, and their study can be crucial for the models' implementation. We investigated for 1 year the effects of warming and seasonality on the potential activities of five soil extracellular enzymes and their relationships with soil moisture, phosphorus (P) concentration, and other soil parameters in a P-limited Mediterranean semiarid shrubland. The site was continuously subjected to warming since 1999, and we compared data from this study to analogous data from 2004. Warming uniformly increased all enzymes activities, but only when a sufficient amount of soil water was available. Seasonality unevenly altered enzyme activities, thus affecting enzymatic stoichiometry. P deficiency affected enzymatic stoichiometry, favoring the activities of the phosphatases. The effect of warming was stronger in 2014 than 2004, excluding the hypothesis of acclimation of rhizospheric responses to higher temperatures and suggesting that further increases in extracellular enzymatic activities are to be expected if sufficient water is available. Climatic warming will likely generally stimulate soil enzymatic activities and accelerate nutrient mineralization and similar ecological processes such as the production and degradation of biomass and changes in community composition, but which will be limited by water availability, especially in Mediterranean soils in summer. Winters in such ecosystems will benefit from a general increase in activity and production, but biological activity could even decrease in summer, potentially leading to a negative overall balance of nutrient mineralization. This study suggests that a general increase in activity due to warming could lead to faster mineralization of soil organic matter and water consumption in colder climates, until one of these factors in turn becomes limiting. Such trade-offs between water and temperature in relation with enzyme activity should be considered in biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zuccarini
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Liu D, Peñuelas J, Ogaya R, Estiarte M, Tielbörger K, Slowik F, Yang X, Bilton MC. Species selection under long-term experimental warming and drought explained by climatic distributions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1494-1506. [PMID: 29205399 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and reduced precipitation may trigger large-scale species losses and vegetation shifts in ecosystems around the world. However, currently lacking are practical ways to quantify the sensitivity of species and community composition to these often-confounded climatic forces. Here we conducted long-term (16 yr) nocturnal-warming (+0.6°C) and reduced precipitation (-20% soil moisture) experiments in a Mediterranean shrubland. Climatic niche groups (CNGs) - species ranked or classified by similar temperature or precipitation distributions - informatively described community responses under experimental manipulations. Under warming, CNGs revealed that only those species distributed in cooler regions decreased. Correspondingly, under reduced precipitation, a U-shaped treatment effect observed in the total community was the result of an abrupt decrease in wet-distributed species, followed by a delayed increase in dry-distributed species. Notably, while partially correlated, CNG explanations of community response were stronger for their respective climate parameter, suggesting some species possess specific adaptations to either warming or drought that may lead to independent selection to the two climatic variables. Our findings indicate that when climatic distributions are combined with experiments, the resulting incorporation of local plant evolutionary strategies and their changing dynamics over time leads to predictable and informative shifts in community structure under independent climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Catalonia), E-08193, Spain
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Slowik
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Mark C Bilton
- Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Mojzes A, Kalapos T, Kovács-Láng E. Plant ecophysiological responses to drought, nocturnal warming and variable climate in the Pannonian sand forest-steppe: results of a six-year climate manipulation experiment. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) for Detecting Responses of Diurnal and Seasonal Photosynthetic Activity to Experimental Drought and Warming in a Mediterranean Shrubland. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Assessment of the Response of Photosynthetic Activity of Mediterranean Evergreen Oaks to Enhanced Drought Stress and Recovery by Using PRI and R690/R630. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu D, Estiarte M, Ogaya R, Yang X, Peñuelas J. Shift in community structure in an early-successional Mediterranean shrubland driven by long-term experimental warming and drought and natural extreme droughts. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4267-4279. [PMID: 28514052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and recurring drought are expected to accelerate water limitation for plant communities in semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems and produce directional shifts in structure and composition that are not easily detected, and supporting evidence is scarce. We conducted a long-term (17 years) nocturnal-warming (+0.6°C) and drought (-40% rainfall) experiments in an early-successional Mediterranean shrubland to study the changes in community structure and composition, contrasting functional groups and dominant species, and the superimposed effects of natural extreme drought. Species richness decreased in both the warming and drought treatments. Responses to the moderate warming were associated with decreases in herb abundance, and responses to the drought were associated with decreases in both herb and shrub abundances. The drought also significantly decreased community diversity and evenness. Changes in abundance differed between herbs (decreases) and shrubs (increases or no changes). Both warming and drought, especially drought, increased the relative species richness and abundance of shrubs, favoring the establishment of shrubs. Both warming and drought produced significant shifts in plant community composition. Experimental warming shifted the community composition from Erica multiflora toward Rosmarinus officinalis, and drought consistently shifted the composition toward Globularia alypum. The responses in biodiversity (e.g., community biodiversity, changes of functional groups and compositional shifts) were also strongly correlated with atmospheric drought (SPEI) in winter-spring and/or summer, indicating sensitivity to water limitation in this early-successional Mediterranean ecosystem, especially to natural extreme droughts. Our results suggest that the shifts in species assembles and community diversity and composition are accelerated by the long-term nocturnal-warming and drought, combined with natural severe droughts, and that the magnitude of the impacts of climate change is also correlated with the successional status of ecosystem. The results thus highlight the necessity for assessing the impacts on ecosystemic functioning and services and developing effective measures for conserving biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marc Estiarte
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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