1
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Li Q, Tietema A, Reinsch S, Schmidt IK, de Dato G, Guidolotti G, Lellei-Kovács E, Kopittke G, Larsen KS. Higher sensitivity of gross primary productivity than ecosystem respiration to experimental drought and warming across six European shrubland ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165627. [PMID: 37495128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Shrubland ecosystems across Europe face a range of threats including the potential impacts of climate change. Within the INCREASE project, six shrubland ecosystems along a European climatic gradient were exposed to ecosystem-level year-round experimental nighttime warming and long-term, repeated growing season droughts. We quantified the ecosystem level CO2 fluxes, i.e. gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE), in control and treatment plots and compared the treatment effects along the Gaussen aridity index. In general, GPP exhibited higher sensitivity to drought and warming than Reco and was found to be the dominant contributor to changes in overall NEE. Across the climate gradient, northern sites were more likely to have neutral to positive responses of NEE, i.e. increased CO2 uptake, to drought and warming partly due to seasonal rewetting. While an earlier investigation across the same sites showed a good cross-site relationship between soil respiration responses to climate over the Gaussen aridity index, the responses of GPP, Reco and NEE showed a more complex response pattern suggesting that site-specific ecosystem traits, such as different growing season periods and plant species composition, affected the overall response pattern of the ecosystem-level CO2 fluxes. We found that the observed response patterns of GPP and Reco rates at the six sites could be explained well by the hypothesized position of each site on site-specific soil moisture response curves of GPP/Reco fluxes. Such relatively simple, site-specific analyses could help improve our ability to explain observed CO2 flux patterns in larger meta-analyses as well as in larger-scale model upscaling exercises and thereby help improve our ability to project changes in ecosystem CO2 fluxes in response to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Li
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Albert Tietema
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Reinsch
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanbattista de Dato
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano, TR, Italy
| | | | - Gillian Kopittke
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Steenberg Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Liberati D, Guidolotti G, de Dato G, De Angelis P. Enhancement of ecosystem carbon uptake in a dry shrubland under moderate warming: The role of nitrogen-driven changes in plant morphology. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:5629-5642. [PMID: 34363286 PMCID: PMC9290483 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Net ecosystem CO2 exchange is the result of net carbon uptake by plant photosynthesis and carbon loss by soil and plant respiration. Temperature increases due to climate change can modify the equilibrium between these fluxes and trigger ecosystem-climate feedbacks that can accelerate climate warming. As these dynamics have not been well studied in dry shrublands, we subjected a Mediterranean shrubland to a 10-year night-time temperature manipulation experiment that analyzed ecosystem carbon fluxes associated with dominant shrub species, together with several plant parameters related to leaf photosynthesis, leaf morphology, and canopy structure. Under moderate night-time warming (+0.9°C minimum daily temperature, no significant reduction in soil moisture), Cistus monspeliensis formed shoots with more leaves that were relatively larger and denser canopies that supported higher plant-level photosynthesis rates. Given that ecosystem respiration was not affected, this change in canopy morphology led to a significant enhancement in net ecosystem exchange (+47% at midday). The observed changes in shoot and canopy morphology were attributed to the improved nutritional state of the warmed plants, primarily due to changes in nitrogen cycling and higher nitrogen resorption efficiency in senescent leaves. Our results show that modifications in plant morphology triggered by moderate warming affected ecosystem CO2 fluxes, providing the first evidence for enhanced daytime carbon uptake in a dry shrubland ecosystem under experimental warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Liberati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
- Present address:
Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)National Research Council (CNR)PoranoTRItaly
| | - Giovanbattista de Dato
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
- Present address:
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) – Research Centre for Forestry and WoodArezzoItaly
| | - Paolo De Angelis
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)University of TusciaViterboItaly
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3
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Pace R, Guidolotti G, Baldacchini C, Pallozzi E, Grote R, Nowak DJ, Calfapietra C. Comparing i-Tree Eco Estimates of Particulate Matter Deposition with Leaf and Canopy Measurements in an Urban Mediterranean Holm Oak Forest. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:6613-6622. [PMID: 33908766 PMCID: PMC9282645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Trees and urban forests remove particulate matter (PM) from the air through the deposition of particles on the leaf surface, thus helping to improve air quality and reduce respiratory problems in urban areas. Leaf deposited PM, in turn, is either resuspended back into the atmosphere, washed off during rain events or transported to the ground with litterfall. The net amount of PM removed depends on crown and leaf characteristics, air pollution concentration, and weather conditions, such as wind speed and precipitation. Many existing deposition models, such as i-Tree Eco, calculate PM2.5 removal using a uniform deposition velocity function and resuspension rate for all tree species, which vary based on leaf area and wind speed. However, model results are seldom validated with experimental data. In this study, we compared i-Tree Eco calculations of PM2.5 deposition with fluxes determined by eddy covariance assessments (canopy scale) and particulate matter accumulated on leaves derived from measurements of vacuum/filtration technique as well as scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (leaf scale). These investigations were carried out at the Capodimonte Royal Forest in Naples. Modeled and measured fluxes showed good overall agreement, demonstrating that net deposition mostly happened in the first part of the day when atmospheric PM concentration is higher, followed by high resuspension rates in the second part of the day, corresponding with increased wind speeds. The sensitivity analysis of the model parameters showed that a better representation of PM deposition fluxes could be achieved with adjusted deposition velocities. It is also likely that the standard assumption of a complete removal of particulate matter, after precipitation events that exceed the water storage capacity of the canopy (Ps), should be reconsidered to better account for specific leaf traits. These results represent the first validation of i-Tree Eco PM removal with experimental data and are a starting point for improving the model parametrization and the estimate of particulate matter removed by urban trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Pace
- Institute
of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano (TR), 05010, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute
of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano (TR), 05010, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldacchini
- Institute
of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano (TR), 05010, Italy
- Biophysics
and Nanoscience Centre, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences
(DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute
of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo (RM), 00015, Italy
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research
(IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - David J. Nowak
- USDA
Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute
of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano (TR), 05010, Italy
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4
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Pallozzi E, Guidolotti G, Mattioni M, Calfapietra C. Particulate matter concentrations and fluxes within an urban park in Naples. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115134. [PMID: 32663630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter can represent a serious issue for human health, especially in densely populated urban areas. Moreover, the inhalation of particulate can be more harmful with decreasing particles diameter. Vegetation can provide many ecosystem services to the citizens, including the removal of many different pollutants in the air, but while the effect on many gaseous compounds has already been widely proved, the capability of particulate matter (PM) sequestration driven by vegetation and its resulting benefit on air quality has not been deeply investigated yet at larger spatial scale, especially in Mediterranean environment. This study was conducted in the Real Bosco di Capodimonte, a green area of about 125 ha located inside the urban area of Naples (Italy) containing different species typical of the Mediterranean forest ecosystem. To better understand the interaction between PM and the park area, we measured fluxes of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 with a fast acquisition analyser, according to the Eddy Covariance technique. We found that the particle deposition was higher during the central hours of the day and it was more evident for smaller size particles. Furthermore, the daily PM fluxes found accorded with evapotranspiration and carbon sequestration operated by plants, suggesting a possible active role of vegetation on the particulate deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pallozzi
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, RM, 00015, Italy.
| | - G Guidolotti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, RM, 00015, Italy
| | - M Mattioni
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano, TR, 05010, Italy
| | - C Calfapietra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Porano, TR, 05010, Italy
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5
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Collalti A, Tjoelker MG, Hoch G, Mäkelä A, Guidolotti G, Heskel M, Petit G, Ryan MG, Battipaglia G, Matteucci G, Prentice IC. Plant respiration: Controlled by photosynthesis or biomass? Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:1739-1753. [PMID: 31578796 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two simplifying hypotheses have been proposed for whole-plant respiration. One links respiration to photosynthesis; the other to biomass. Using a first-principles carbon balance model with a prescribed live woody biomass turnover, applied at a forest research site where multidecadal measurements are available for comparison, we show that if turnover is fast the accumulation of respiring biomass is low and respiration depends primarily on photosynthesis; while if turnover is slow the accumulation of respiring biomass is high and respiration depends primarily on biomass. But the first scenario is inconsistent with evidence for substantial carry-over of fixed carbon between years, while the second implies far too great an increase in respiration during stand development-leading to depleted carbohydrate reserves and an unrealistically high mortality risk. These two mutually incompatible hypotheses are thus both incorrect. Respiration is not linearly related either to photosynthesis or to biomass, but it is more strongly controlled by recent photosynthates (and reserve availability) than by total biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Collalti
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science and Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystem, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Heskel
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Giai Petit
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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6
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Guidolotti G, Pallozzi E, Gavrichkova O, Scartazza A, Mattioni M, Loreto F, Calfapietra C. Emission of constitutive isoprene, induced monoterpenes, and other volatiles under high temperatures in Eucalyptus camaldulensis: A 13 C labelling study. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:1929-1938. [PMID: 30663094 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts are major emitters of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), especially volatile isoprenoids. Emissions and incorporation of 13 C in BVOCs were measured in Eucalyptus camaldulensis branches exposed to rapid heat stress or progressive temperature increases, in order to detect both metabolic processes and their dynamics. Isoprene emission increased and photosynthesis decreased with temperatures rising from 30°C to 45°C, and an increasing percentage of unlabelled carbon was incorporated into isoprene in heat-stressed leaves. Intramolecular labelling was also incomplete in isoprene emitted by heat-stressed leaves, suggesting increasing contribution of respiratory (and possibly also photorespiratory) carbon. At temperature above 45°C, a drop of isoprene emission was mirrored by the appearance of unlabelled monoterpenes, green leaf volatiles, methanol, and ethanol, indicating that the emission of stored volatiles was mainly induced by cellular damage. Emission of partially labelled acetaldehyde was also observed at very high temperatures, suggesting a double source of carbon, with a large unlabelled component likely transported from roots and associated to the surge of transpiration at very high temperatures. Eucalypt plantations cover large areas worldwide, and our findings may dramatically change forecast and modelling of future BVOC emissions at planetary level, especially considering climate warming and frequent heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Mattioni
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DISBA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
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7
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Liberati D, de Dato G, Guidolotti G, De Angelis P. Linking photosynthetic performances with the changes in cover degree of three Mediterranean shrubs under climate manipulation. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Liberati
- Dept for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - Giovanbattista de Dato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA); Research Centre for Forestry and Wood; Arezzo Italy
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Dept for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
- Inst. for Agro-Environment and Forest Biology (IBAF); National Research Council of Italy (CNR); Porano (TR) Italy
| | - Paolo De Angelis
- Dept for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF); Univ. of Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
- Div. of Impact Studies and Physiological Analyses; Global Change Research Centre; Brno Czech Republic
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8
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Gavrichkova O, Liberati D, de Dato G, Abou Jaoudé R, Brugnoli E, de Angelis P, Guidolotti G, Pausch J, Spohn M, Tian J, Kuzyakov Y. Effects of rain shortage on carbon allocation, pools and fluxes in a Mediterranean shrub ecosystem - a 13C labelling field study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:1242-1252. [PMID: 30857089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrological cycle is expected to become the primary cause of ecosystem's degradation in near future under changing climate. Rain manipulation experiments under field conditions provide accurate picture on the responses of biotic processes to changed water availability for plants. A field experiment, mimicking expected changes in rain patterns, was established in a Mediterranean shrub community at Porto Conte, Italy, in 2001. In November 2011 Cistus monspeliensis, one of the dominating shrub species in the Mediterranean basin, was 13C labelled on plots subjected to extended rain shortage period and on control non manipulated plots. Carbon (C) allocation was traced by 13C dynamics in shoots, shoot-respired CO2, roots, microbial biomass, K2SO4-extractable C and CO2 respired from soil. Most of the recovered 13C (60%) was respired by shoots within 2weeks in control plots. In rain shortage treatment, 13C remained incorporated in aboveground plant parts. Residence time of 13C in leaves was longer under the rain shortage because less 13C was lost by shoot respiration and because 13C was re-allocated to leaves from woody tissues. The belowground C sink was weak (3-4% of recovered 13C) and independent on rain manipulation. Extended rain shortage promoted C exudation into rhizosphere soil in expense of roots. Together with lowered photosynthesis, this "save" economy of new C metabolites reduces the growing season under rain shortage resulting in decrease of shrub cover and C losses from the system on the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gavrichkova
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano 05010, Monterotondo Scalo 00015 and Cinte Tesino 38050, Italy; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Dario Liberati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Giovanbattista de Dato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Renée Abou Jaoudé
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Enrico Brugnoli
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano 05010, Monterotondo Scalo 00015 and Cinte Tesino 38050, Italy
| | - Paolo de Angelis
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano 05010, Monterotondo Scalo 00015 and Cinte Tesino 38050, Italy
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101 Beijing, China; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russian Federation; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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9
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Esposito R, Lusini I, Pallozzi E, Guidolotti G, Urban O, Calfapietra C. Shoot-level terpenoids emission in Norway spruce (Picea abies) under natural field and manipulated laboratory conditions. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 108:530-538. [PMID: 27599182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a strong emitter of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). In the present study we investigated how shoot canopy position and high levels of stressors such as high temperature and ozone concentration, affect BVOC emission rates by means of in-situ and ex-situ experimental measurements. Therefore, BVOC emission from current-year spruce shoots was investigated under field and manipulated (temperature, ozone) laboratory conditions. Emitted BVOCs were sampled on desorption tubes, coupled with gas-exchange measurements of CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance, and detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Total BVOC emission rates from sun shoots under standard conditions were higher than those from shade shoots, although this was significant only in July, on the contrary, only α-pinene and γ-terpinene emission rates showed significant differences between sun and shade acclimated shoots in August. Limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, and myrcene were identified as the most abundant BVOCs in both campaigns with emission rates above 0.2 nmol m-2 s-1. Ex-situ measurements revealed a significantly higher total BVOC emissions under high temperature level (40 °C) by ca. 175% as compared with standard temperature (30 °C), while a short-term fumigation of acute O3 concentration (200 ppb) had no effect on BVOC emissions and its spectrum. These findings might have a relevance considering the role of these compounds in protecting against oxidative stress and their possible stimulation in particular stressful conditions. Implication of such results into emission models may contribute to a more accurate estimation of BVOC emissions for Central European mountain regions dominated by Norway spruce forests and their rate under predicted climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Esposito
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, IT-05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, IT-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lusini
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, IT-05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, IT-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, IT-05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, IT-05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, IT-05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Guidolotti G, Salviato M, Calfapietra C. Comparing estimates of EMEP MSC-W and UFORE models in air pollutant reduction by urban trees. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:19541-19550. [PMID: 27392620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to identify and quantify the benefits provided by the presence of trees in urban environment in order to improve the environmental quality in cities. However, the evaluation and estimate of plant efficiency in removing atmospheric pollutants is rather complicated, because of the high number of factors involved and the difficulty of estimating the effect of the interactions between the different components. In this study, the EMEP MSC-W model was implemented to scale-down to tree-level and allows its application to an industrial-urban green area in Northern Italy. Moreover, the annual outputs were compared with the outputs of UFORE (nowadays i-Tree), a leading model for urban forest applications. Although, EMEP/MSC-W model and UFORE are semi-empirical models designed for different applications, the comparison, based on O3, NO2 and PM10 removal, showed a good agreement in the estimates and highlights how the down-scaling methodology presented in this study may have significant opportunities for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010, Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Michele Salviato
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (LEAF), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010, Porano, TR, Italy.
- Global Change Research Centre, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Calfapietra C, Morani A, Sgrigna G, Di Giovanni S, Muzzini V, Pallozzi E, Guidolotti G, Nowak D, Fares S. Removal of Ozone by Urban and Peri-Urban Forests: Evidence from Laboratory, Field, and Modeling Approaches. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:224-233. [PMID: 26828178 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.01.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A crucial issue in urban environments is the interaction between urban trees and atmospheric pollution, particularly ozone (O). Ozone represents one of the most harmful pollutants in urban and peri-urban environments, especially in warm climates. Besides the large interest in reducing anthropogenic and biogenic precursors of O emissions, there is growing scientific activity aimed at understanding O removal by vegetation, particularly trees. The intent of this paper is to provide the state of the art and suggestions to improve future studies of O fluxes and to discuss implications of O flux studies to maximize environmental services through the planning and management of urban forests. To evaluate and quantify the potential of O removal in urban and peri-urban forests, we describe experimental approaches to measure O fluxes, distinguishing laboratory experiments, field measurements, and model estimates, including recent case studies. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches and conclude that the combination of the three levels of investigation is essential for estimating O removal by urban trees. We also comment on the implications of these findings for planning and management of urban forests, suggesting some key issues that should be considered to maximize O removal by urban and peri-urban forests.
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Guidolotti G, Rey A, Medori M, Calfapietra C. Isoprenoids emission in Stipa tenacissima L.: Photosynthetic control and the effect of UV light. Environ Pollut 2016; 208:336-344. [PMID: 26552537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluxes of CO2 and isoprenoids were measured for the first time in Stipa tenacissima L (alfa grass), a perennial tussock grass dominant in the driest areas of Europe. In addition, we studied how those fluxes were influenced by environmental conditions, leaf ontogeny and UV radiation and compared emission rates in two contrasting seasons: summer when plants are mostly inactive and autumn, the growing season in this region. Leaf ontogeny significantly affected both photosynthesis and isoprenoids emission. Isoprene emission was positively correlated with photosynthesis, although a low isoprene emission was detected in brown leaves with a net carbon loss. Moreover, leaves with a significant lower photosynthesis emitted only monoterpenes, while at higher photosynthetic rates also isoprene was produced. Ambient UV radiation uncoupled photosynthesis and isoprene emission. It is speculated that alfa grass represent an exception from the general rules governing plant isoprenoid emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy.
| | - Ana Rey
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Natural Science Museum (MNCN), Spanish Scientific Council (CSIC), C/Serrano 115 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauro Medori
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, TR, Italy; Global Change Research Centre, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Morani A, Nowak D, Hirabayashi S, Guidolotti G, Medori M, Muzzini V, Fares S, Mugnozza GS, Calfapietra C. Comparing i-Tree modeled ozone deposition with field measurements in a periurban Mediterranean forest. Environ Pollut 2014; 195:202-209. [PMID: 25247877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ozone flux estimates from the i-Tree model were compared with ozone flux measurements using the Eddy Covariance technique in a periurban Mediterranean forest near Rome (Castelporziano). For the first time i-Tree model outputs were compared with field measurements in relation to dry deposition estimates. Results showed generally a good agreement between predicted and measured ozone fluxes (least sum square=5.6 e(-4)) especially when cumulative values over the whole measurement campaign are considered. However at daily and hourly time-step some overestimations were observed in estimated values especially in hot dry periods. The use of different m values in the Ball-Berry formula in the different periods, produced the best fit between predicted and measured ozone fluxes. This suggests that a variable value for the coefficient m accounting for water availability may be appropriate to improve model estimates for Mediterranean and drought prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morani
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - D Nowak
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, USA
| | - S Hirabayashi
- The Davey Institute, The Davey Tree Expert Company, USA
| | - G Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - M Medori
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - V Muzzini
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - S Fares
- Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura (CRA), Research Center for the Soil-Plant System (RPS), Rome, Italy
| | - G Scarascia Mugnozza
- Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura (CRA), Research Center for the Soil-Plant System (RPS), Rome, Italy
| | - C Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy; Global Change Research Centre, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Guidolotti G, Rey A, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, De Angelis P. Effect of environmental variables and stand structure on ecosystem respiration components in a Mediterranean beech forest. Tree Physiol 2013; 33:960-972. [PMID: 24044943 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The temporal variability of ecosystem respiration (RECO) has been reported to have important effects on the temporal variability of net ecosystem exchange, the net amount of carbon exchanged between an ecosystem and the atmosphere. However, our understanding of ecosystem respiration is rather limited compared with photosynthesis or gross primary productivity, particularly in Mediterranean montane ecosystems. In order to investigate how environmental variables and forest structure (tree classes) affect different respiration components and RECO in a Mediterranean beech forest, we measured soil, stem and leaf CO2 efflux rates with dynamic chambers and RECO by the eddy-covariance technique over 1 year (2007-2008). Ecosystem respiration showed marked seasonal variation, with the highest rates in spring and autumn and the lowest in summer. We found that the soil respiration (SR) was mainly controlled by soil water content below a threshold value of 0.2 m(3) m(-3), above which the soil temperature explained temporal variation in SR. Stem CO2 effluxes were influenced by air temperature and difference between tree classes with higher rates measured in dominant trees than in co-dominant ones. Leaf respiration (LR) varied significantly between the two canopy layers considered. Non-structural carbohydrates were a very good predictor of LR variability. We used these measurements to scale up respiration components to ecosystem respiration for the whole canopy and obtained cumulative amounts of carbon losses over the year. Based on the up-scaled chamber measurements, the relative contributions of soil, stem and leaves to the total annual CO2 efflux were: 56, 8 and 36%, respectively. These results confirm that SR is the main contributor of ecosystem respiration and provided an insight on the driving factors of respiration in Mediterranean montane beech forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Vicca S, Gilgen AK, Camino Serrano M, Dreesen FE, Dukes JS, Estiarte M, Gray SB, Guidolotti G, Hoeppner SS, Leakey ADB, Ogaya R, Ort DR, Ostrogovic MZ, Rambal S, Sardans J, Schmitt M, Siebers M, van der Linden L, van Straaten O, Granier A. Urgent need for a common metric to make precipitation manipulation experiments comparable. New Phytol 2012; 195:518-522. [PMID: 22734795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Vicca
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- (Author for correspondence: tel +32 3 265 22 82; email )
| | - A K Gilgen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Camino Serrano
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - F E Dreesen
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J S Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M Estiarte
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
| | - S B Gray
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - G Guidolotti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S S Hoeppner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2061, USA
| | - A D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
| | - D R Ort
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M Z Ostrogovic
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko
| | - S Rambal
- CEFE-CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - J Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallés 08193, Spain
| | - M Schmitt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Siebers
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - L van der Linden
- Australian Water Quality Centre, 250 Victoria Square, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - O van Straaten
- Buesgen Institute, Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A Granier
- INRA, UMR 1137 EEF, 54280 Champenoux, France
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Guidolotti G, Calfapietra C, Loreto F. The relationship between isoprene emission, CO(2) assimilation and water use efficiency across a range of poplar genotypes. Physiol Plant 2011; 142:297-304. [PMID: 21361963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Poplars (Populus sp.) are among the strongest isoprene (Iso)-emitting plants. Ten poplar genotypes belonging to four different species were grown under the same environmental conditions in a common garden experiment, to study the influence of the genetic variability on Iso emission and on the relationship between Iso and photosynthesis. Photosynthesis ranged from 13 to 20 µmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) , whereas Iso emission ranged from 18.2 to 45.2 nmol m(-2) s(-1) . There was no clear association between Iso emission and photosynthesis. In most genotypes, photosynthetic capacity developed earlier than Iso emission capacity. The emission of Iso was inversely correlated with the intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i) ) and positively correlated with instantaneous water use efficiency. It is speculated that, by regulating C(i) , stomatal opening also indirectly controls Iso emission in poplars. A positive linear correlation between the fraction of recently assimilated carbon emitted as Iso and Iso emission rate was found. The slope of this relationship indicated that each nanomole of Iso emitted requires a fixed fraction of photosynthetic carbon regardless of the intra- and interspecific variability in the Populus genus, and of leaf ontogeny. A comparison with data from recent studies showed that the slope of this relationship increases in drought-stressed leaves. However, this might be explained by an increasing contribution of carbon sources for Iso biosynthesis from stored photosynthates. If this is true, then the amount of carbon directly shunted from photosynthesis into Iso is constant in all poplars and is not influenced by abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
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