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Ying S, Webster B, Gomez-Cano L, Shivaiah KK, Wang Q, Newton L, Grotewold E, Thompson A, Lundquist PK. Multiscale physiological responses to nitrogen supplementation of maize hybrids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:879-899. [PMID: 37925649 PMCID: PMC11060684 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) production systems are heavily reliant on the provision of managed inputs such as fertilizers to maximize growth and yield. Hence, the effective use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is crucial to minimize the associated financial and environmental costs, as well as maximize yield. However, how to effectively utilize N inputs for increased grain yields remains a substantial challenge for maize growers that requires a deeper understanding of the underlying physiological responses to N fertilizer application. We report a multiscale investigation of five field-grown maize hybrids under low or high N supplementation regimes that includes the quantification of phenolic and prenyl-lipid compounds, cellular ultrastructural features, and gene expression traits at three developmental stages of growth. Our results reveal that maize perceives the lack of supplemented N as a stress and, when provided with additional N, will prolong vegetative growth. However, the manifestation of the stress and responses to N supplementation are highly hybrid-specific. Eight genes were differentially expressed in leaves in response to N supplementation in all tested hybrids and at all developmental stages. These genes represent potential biomarkers of N status and include two isoforms of Thiamine Thiazole Synthase involved in vitamin B1 biosynthesis. Our results uncover a detailed view of the physiological responses of maize hybrids to N supplementation in field conditions that provides insight into the interactions between management practices and the genetic diversity within maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Brandon Webster
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lina Gomez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qianjie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Linsey Newton
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Addie Thompson
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Ouyang W, Wientjes E, van der Putten PEL, Caracciolo L, Zhao R, Agho C, Chiurazzi MJ, Bongers M, Struik PC, van Amerongen H, Yin X. Roles for leakiness and O 2 evolution in explaining lower-than-theoretical quantum yields of photosynthesis in the PEP-CK subtype of C 4 plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:431-443. [PMID: 38406986 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Theoretically, the PEP-CK C4 subtype has a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (Φ CO 2 ) than NADP-ME or NAD-ME subtypes because ATP required for operating the CO2-concentrating mechanism is believed to mostly come from the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC). However, reportedΦ CO 2 is not higher in PEP-CK than in the other subtypes. We hypothesise, more photorespiration, associated with higher leakiness and O2 evolution in bundle-sheath (BS) cells, cancels out energetic advantages in PEP-CK species. Nine species (two to four species per subtype) were evaluated by gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and two-photon microscopy to estimate the BS conductance (gbs) and leakiness using a biochemical model. Average gbs estimates were 2.9, 4.8, and 5.0 mmol m-2 s-1 bar-1, and leakiness values were 0.129, 0.179, and 0.180, in NADP-ME, NAD-ME, and PEP-CK species, respectively. The BS CO2 level was somewhat higher, O2 level was marginally lower, and thus, photorespiratory loss was slightly lower, in NADP-ME than in NAD-ME and PEP-CK species. Differences in these parameters existed among species within a subtype, and gbs was co-determined by biochemical decarboxylating sites and anatomical characteristics. Our hypothesis and results partially explain variations in observedΦ CO 2 , but suggest that PEP-CK species probably use less ATP from mETC than classically defined PEP-CK mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ouyang
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter E L van der Putten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ludovico Caracciolo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruixuan Zhao
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Collins Agho
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Junior Chiurazzi
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marius Bongers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Liu S, Wang L, Chang L, Khan I, Nadeem F, Rehman A, Suo R. Evaluating the influence of straw mulching and intercropping on nitrogen uptake, crop growth, and yield performance in maize and soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1280382. [PMID: 37900744 PMCID: PMC10611467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1280382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Intercropping and straw mulching are sustainable agricultural practices that can positively affect crop growth and development, especially together. Methods A split-plot experimental design was used to investigate the effects of intercropping and straw mulching on crop growth, crop yield, nitrogen uptake, and photosynthetic characteristics. The main plot focused on three planting patterns: soybean monoculture (S), maize monoculture (M), and maize/soybean intercropping (I). The subplot structure consisted of four levels of straw mulching (0, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6 t ha-1). Results Interaction and variance analyses showed that straw mulching, intercropping, and their interaction had significant effects on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, nitrogen uptake, photosynthetic characteristics, and crop yield. Based on two-year averages for maize and soybean, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was up to 51.6% higher, stomatal conductance (Sc) was up to 44.0% higher, transpiration rate (Tr) was up to 46.6% higher, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) was up to 25.7% lower relative to no mulching. The maximum increases of Pn, Sc, and Tr of intercropped maize were 15.48%, 17.28%, and 23.94%, respectively, and the maximum Ci was 17.75% lower than that of monoculture maize. The maximum increase of Pn, Sc, and Tr of monoculture soybean was 24.58%, 16.90%, and 17.91%, respectively, and the maximum Ci was 13.85% lower than that of intercropped soybean. The nitrogen uptake of maize and soybean in the mulching treatment was 24.3% higher than that in the non-mulching treatment; the nitrogen uptake of intercropped maize was 34.2% higher than that of monoculture maize, and the nitrogen uptake of monoculture soybean was 15.0% higher than that of intercropped soybean. The yield of maize and soybean in the mulching treatment was 66.6% higher than that in the non-mulching treatment, the maize yield under intercropping was 15.4% higher than that under monoculture, and the yield of monoculture soybean was 9.03% higher than that of intercropped soybean. Discussion The growth index and photosynthesis of crops are important parts of yield formation. The results of this study confirmed that straw mulching, intercropping, and their interaction can ultimately increase crop yield by improving crop growth, nitrogen uptake, and photosynthesis. This result can be used as the theoretical basis for the combined application of these measures in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siping Liu
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Chang
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ismail Khan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Faisal Nadeem
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, DI Khan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ran Suo
- Quality Supervision Department, Chaoyang City Water Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision Station, Chaoyang, China
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Climate variability supersedes grazing to determine the anatomy and physiology of a dominant grassland species. Oecologia 2022; 198:345-355. [PMID: 35018484 PMCID: PMC8858925 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems are historically shaped by climate, fire, and grazing which are essential ecological drivers. These grassland drivers influence morphology and productivity of grasses via physiological processes, resulting in unique water and carbon-use strategies among species and populations. Leaf-level physiological responses in plants are constrained by the underlying anatomy, previously shown to reflect patterns of carbon assimilation and water-use in leaf tissues. However, the magnitude to which anatomy and physiology are impacted by grassland drivers remains unstudied. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled from three locations along a latitudinal gradient in the mesic grassland region of the central Great Plains, USA during the 2018 (drier) and 2019 (wetter) growing seasons. We measured annual biomass and forage quality at the plot level, while collecting physiological and anatomical traits at the leaf-level in cattle grazed and ungrazed locations at each site. Effects of ambient drought conditions superseded local grazing treatments and reduced carbon assimilation and total productivity in A. gerardii. Leaf-level anatomical traits, particularly those associated with water-use, varied within and across locations and between years. Specifically, xylem area increased when water was more available (2019), while xylem resistance to cavitation was observed to increase in the drier growing season (2018). Our results highlight the importance of multi-year studies in natural systems and how trait plasticity can serve as vital tool and offer insight to understanding future grassland responses from climate change as climate played a stronger role than grazing in shaping leaf physiology and anatomy.
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Tofanello VR, Andrade LM, Flores-Borges DNA, Kiyota E, Mayer JLS, Creste S, Machado EC, Yin X, Struik PC, Ribeiro RV. Role of bundle sheath conductance in sustaining photosynthesis competence in sugarcane plants under nitrogen deficiency. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:275-287. [PMID: 34091828 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of bundle sheath conductance (gbs) in sustaining sugarcane photosynthesis under nitrogen deficiency was investigated. Sugarcane was grown under different levels of nitrogen supply and gbs was estimated using simultaneous measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence at 21% or 2% [O2] and varying air [CO2] and light intensity. Maximum rates of PEPC carboxylation, Rubisco carboxylation, and ATP production increased with an increase in leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) from 1 to 3 g m-2. Low nitrogen supply reduced Rubisco and PEPC abundancies, the quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation and gbs. Because of reduced gbs, low photosynthetic rates were not associated with increased leakiness under nitrogen deficiency. In fact, low nitrogen supply increased bundle sheath cell wall thickness, probably accounting for low gbs and increased estimates of [CO2] at Rubisco sites. Effects of nitrogen on expression of ShPIP2;1 and ShPIP1;2 aquaporins did not explain changes in gbs. Our data revealed that reduced Rubisco carboxylation was the main factor causing low sugarcane photosynthesis at low nitrogen supply, in contrast to the previous report on the importance of an impaired CO2 concentration mechanism under N deficiency. Our findings suggest higher investment of nitrogen into Rubisco protein would favour photosynthesis and plant performance under low nitrogen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Tofanello
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Dept. Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Andrade
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denisele N A Flores-Borges
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Dept. Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Dept. Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana L S Mayer
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Dept. Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Machado
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology "Coaracy M. Franco", Center for Research and Development in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, IAC, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Dept. Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Dept. Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael V Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Dept. Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Bachle S, Nippert JB. Microanatomical traits track climate gradients for a dominant C4 grass species across the Great Plains, USA. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:451-459. [PMID: 32780105 PMCID: PMC7988519 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Andropogon gerardii is a highly productive C4 grass species with a large geographic range throughout the North American Great Plains, a biome characterized by a variable temperate climate. Plant traits are often invoked to explain growth rates and competitive abilities within broad climate gradients. For example, plant competition models typically predict that species with large geographic ranges benefit from variation in traits underlying high growth potential. Here, we examined the relationship between climate variability and leaf-level traits in A. gerardii, emphasizing how leaf-level microanatomical traits serve as a mechanism that may underlie variation in commonly measured traits, such as specific leaf area (SLA). METHODS Andropogon gerardii leaves were collected in August 2017 from Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (MN), Konza Prairie Biological Station (KS), Platte River Prairie (NE) and Rocky Mountain Research Station (SD). Leaves from ten individuals from each site were trimmed, stained and prepared for fluorescent confocal microscopy to analyse internal leaf anatomy. Leaf microanatomical data were compared with historical and growing season climate data extracted from PRISM spatial climate models. KEY RESULTS Microanatomical traits displayed large variation within and across sites. According to AICc (Akaike's information criterion adjusted for small sample sizes) selection scores, the interaction of mean precipitation and temperature for the 2017 growing season was the best predictor of variability for the anatomical and morphological traits measured here. Mesophyll area and bundle sheath thickness were directly correlated with mean temperature (annual and growing season). Tissues related to water-use strategies, such as bulliform cell and xylem area, were significantly correlated with one another. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that (1) microanatomical trait variation exists within this broadly distributed grass species, (2) microanatomical trait variability appears likely to impact leaf-level carbon and water use strategies, and (3) microanatomical trait values vary across climate gradients, and may underlie variation in traits measured at larger ecological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seton Bachle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Jesse B Nippert
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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A general non-rectangular hyperbola equation for photosynthetic light response curve of rice at various leaf ages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9909. [PMID: 31289318 PMCID: PMC6616348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic light response (PLR) curves of leaves are usually fitted by non-rectangular hyperbola (NRH) equation, and those fitted NRH parameters may change with leaf aging. The objectives of this study were 1) to reveal the response of NRH parameters of rice leaves, light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), quantum yield of assimilation (φ), dark respiration rate (Rd) and convexity of the curve (k), to leaf age; and 2) to improve the performance of NRH equation in simulating the PLR curves for leaves at various ages. The PLR for rice leaves at ages of 3-53 days were measured, and the general NRH equation was developed by incorporating the relationship between NRH parameters and leaf age into the NRH equation. The results showed that the NRH parameters of Pnmax, φ and Rd increased rapidly to maximum at approximately 10 days and then declined linearly toward the age of 53 days. However, the value of k was not sensitive to leaf age. The general NRH equation can be used to simulate leaf PLR continuously along with leaf aging.
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Berghuijs HNC, Yin X, Ho QT, Retta MA, Nicolaï BM, Struik PC. Using a reaction-diffusion model to estimate day respiration and reassimilation of (photo)respired CO 2 in leaves. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:619-631. [PMID: 31002400 PMCID: PMC6618012 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Methods using gas exchange measurements to estimate respiration in the light (day respiration R d ) make implicit assumptions about reassimilation of (photo)respired CO2 ; however, this reassimilation depends on the positions of mitochondria. We used a reaction-diffusion model without making these assumptions to analyse datasets on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and anatomy for tomato leaves. We investigated how R d values obtained by the Kok and the Yin methods are affected by these assumptions and how those by the Laisk method are affected by the positions of mitochondria. The Kok method always underestimated R d . Estimates of R d by the Yin method and by the reaction-diffusion model agreed only for nonphotorespiratory conditions. Both the Yin and Kok methods ignore reassimilation of (photo)respired CO2 , and thus underestimated R d for photorespiratory conditions, but this was less so in the Yin than in the Kok method. Estimates by the Laisk method were affected by assumed positions of mitochondria. It did not work if mitochondria were in the cytosol between the plasmamembrane and the chloroplast envelope. However, mitochondria were found to be most likely between the tonoplast and chloroplasts. Our reaction-diffusion model effectively estimates R d , enlightens the dependence of R d estimates on reassimilation and clarifies (dis)advantages of existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman N. C. Berghuijs
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
- Flanders Center of Postharvest Technology/BIOSYST‐MeBioSKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenWillem de Croylaan 42LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Department of Crop Production EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUlls väg 16Uppsala75651Sweden
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Q. Tri Ho
- Flanders Center of Postharvest Technology/BIOSYST‐MeBioSKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenWillem de Croylaan 42LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Food Chemistry & Technology DepartmentTeagasc Food Research CentreMoorepark, Fermoy, Co.CorkP61 C996Ireland
| | - Moges A. Retta
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
- Flanders Center of Postharvest Technology/BIOSYST‐MeBioSKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenWillem de Croylaan 42LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Bart M. Nicolaï
- Flanders Center of Postharvest Technology/BIOSYST‐MeBioSKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenWillem de Croylaan 42LeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Paul C. Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
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Cui X, Cen H, Guan C, Tian D, Liu H, Zhang Y. Photosynthesis capacity diversified by leaf structural and physiological regulation between upland and lowland switchgrass in different growth stages. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 47:38-49. [PMID: 31578165 DOI: 10.1071/fp19086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and enhancing switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) photosynthesis will help to improve yield and quality for bio-industrial applications on cellulosic biofuel production. In the present study, leaf anatomical traits and physiological characteristics related to photosynthetic capacity of both lowland and upland switchgrass were recorded from four varieties across the vegetative, elongation and reproductive growth stages. Compared with the upland varieties, the lowland switchgrass showed 37-59, 22-64 and 27-73% higher performance on height, stem and leaf over all three growth stages. Leaf anatomical traits indicated that the leaves of lowland varieties provided more space for carbon assimilation and transportation caused by enhanced cell proliferation with more bundles sheath cells and larger contact areas between the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells (CAMB), which lead to the 32-72% higher photosynthetic capacity found in the lowland varieties during vegetative and elongation growth. However, photosynthetic capacity became 22-51% higher in the upland varieties during the reproductive stage, which is attributed to more photosynthetic pigment. In conclusion, lowland varieties gain a photosynthetic advantage with enhanced bundle sheath cell proliferation, while the upland varieties preserved more photosynthetic pigments. Our study provides new insights for improving the yield in crops by enhancing photosynthesis with anatomical and physiological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huifang Cen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Guan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; and Corresponding author.
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Bilska-Kos A, Panek P, Szulc-Głaz A, Ochodzki P, Cisło A, Zebrowski J. Chilling-induced physiological, anatomical and biochemical responses in the leaves of Miscanthus × giganteus and maize (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:178-188. [PMID: 29945073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus and Zea mays, closely-related C4 grasses, originated from warm climates react differently to low temperature. To investigate the response to cold (12-14 °C) in these species, the photosynthetic and anatomical parameters as well as biochemical properties of the cell wall were studied. The research was performed using M. giganteus (MG) and two Z. mays lines differentiated for chilling-sensitivity: chilling-tolerant (Zm-T) and chilling-sensitive (Zm-S). The chilled plants of Zm-S line demonstrated strong inhibition of net CO2 assimilation and a clear decrease in F'v/F'm, Fv/Fm and ɸPSII, while in MG and Zm-T plants these parameters were almost unchanged. The anatomical studies revealed that MG plants had thinner leaves, epidermis and mesophyll cell layer as well as thicker cell walls in the comparison to both maize lines. Cold led to an increase in leaf thickness and mesophyll cell layer thickness in the Zm-T maize line, while the opposite response was observed in Zm-S. In turn, in chilled plants of MG and Zm-T lines, some anatomical parameters associated with bundle sheath cells were higher. In addition, Zm-S line showed the strong increase in the cell wall thickness at cold for mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Chilling-treatment induced the changes in the cell wall biochemistry of tested species, mainly in the content of glucuronoarabinoxylan, uronic acid, β-glucan and phenolic compounds. This work presents a new approach in searching of mechanism(s) of tolerance/sensitivity to low temperature in two thermophilic plants: Miscanthus and maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bilska-Kos
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870, Błonie, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Panek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Szulc-Głaz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr Ochodzki
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870, Błonie, Poland
| | - Aneta Cisło
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Rejtana 16c, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
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