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Hoffmann N, McFarlane HE. Xyloglucan side chains enable polysaccharide secretion to the plant cell wall. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00384-8. [PMID: 38971156 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are essential for growth. The cell wall hemicellulose xyloglucan (XyG) is produced in the Golgi apparatus before secretion. Loss of the Arabidopsis galactosyltransferase MURUS3 (MUR3) decreases XyG d-galactose side chains and causes intracellular aggregations and dwarfism. It is unknown how changing XyG synthesis can broadly impact organelle organization and growth. We show that intracellular aggregations are not unique to mur3 and are found in multiple mutant lines with reduced XyG D-galactose side chains. mur3 aggregations disrupt subcellular trafficking and induce formation of intracellular cell-wall-like fragments. Addition of d-galacturonic acid onto XyG can restore growth and prevent mur3 aggregations. These results indicate that the presence, but not the composition, of XyG side chains is essential, likely by ensuring XyG solubility. Our results suggest that XyG polysaccharides are synthesized in a highly substituted form for efficient secretion and then later modified by cell-wall-localized enzymes to fine-tune cell wall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hoffmann
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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3
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Wu A, Lian B, Hao P, Fu X, Zhang M, Lu J, Ma L, Yu S, Wei H, Wang H. GhMYB30-GhMUR3 affects fiber elongation and secondary wall thickening in cotton. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:694-712. [PMID: 37988560 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan, an important hemicellulose, plays a crucial role in maintaining cell wall structure and cell elongation. However, the effects of xyloglucan on cotton fiber development are not well understood. GhMUR3 encodes a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that is essential for xyloglucan synthesis and is highly expressed during fiber elongation. In this study, we report that GhMUR3 participates in cotton fiber development under the regulation of GhMYB30. Overexpression GhMUR3 affects the fiber elongation and cell wall thickening. Transcriptome showed that the expression of genes involved in secondary cell wall synthesis was prematurely activated in OE-MUR3 lines. In addition, GhMYB30 was identified as a key regulator of GhMUR3 by Y1H, Dual-Luc, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays. GhMYB30 directly bound the GhMUR3 promoter and activated GhMUR3 expression. Furthermore, DAP-seq of GhMYB30 was performed to identify its target genes in the whole genome. The results showed that many target genes were associated with fiber development, including cell wall synthesis-related genes, BR-related genes, reactive oxygen species pathway genes, and VLCFA synthesis genes. It was demonstrated that GhMYB30 may regulate fiber development through multiple pathways. Additionally, GhMYB46 was confirmed to be a target gene of GhMYB30 by EMSA, and GhMYB46 was significantly increased in GhMYB30-silenced lines, indicating that GhMYB30 inhibited GhMYB46 expression. Overall, these results revealed that GhMUR3 under the regulation of GhMYB30 and plays an essential role in cotton fiber elongation and secondary wall thickening. Additionally, GhMYB30 plays an important role in the regulation of fiber development and regulates fiber secondary wall synthesis by inhibiting the expression of GhMYB46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Boying Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Pengbo Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuxun Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
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4
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Zhang M, Lu X, Ren T, Marowa P, Meng C, Wang J, Yang H, Li C, Zhang L, Xu Z. Heterologous overexpression of Apocynum venetum flavonoids synthetase genes improves Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance by activating the IAA and JA biosynthesis pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123856. [PMID: 37051078 PMCID: PMC10083295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a serious abiotic stress that primarily inhibits plant growth, resulting in severe yield losses. Our previous research found that flavonoids play important roles in A. venetum salt stress tolerance. In response to salt stress, we noted that the flavonoid content was depleted in A. venetum. However, the detailed mechanism is still not clear. In this study, the expression patterns of three flavonoids synthetase genes, AvF3H, AvF3'H, and AvFLS were systemically analyzed under salt stress in A. venetum seedlings. The salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants was improved by heterologous overexpression of these synthetase genes. The NBT and DAB staining results as well as H2O2 and O2•- content analysis revealed that under salt stress, ROS molecules were reduced in transgenic plants compared to WT plants, which corresponded to the activation of the antioxidant enzyme system and an increase in total flavonoid content, particularly rutin, eriodictyol, and naringerin in transgenic plants. External application of flavonoids reduced ROS damage in WT plants just like what we observed in the transgenic plants (without the external application). Additionally, our transcriptome analysis demonstrated that auxin and jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes, as well as signaling transduction genes, were primarily activated in transgenic plants under salt stress, leading to activation of the cell wall biosynthesis or modification genes that promote plant growth. As a result, we investigated the mechanism through flavonoids enhance the salt tolerance, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueli Lu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Prince Marowa
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Chen Meng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Service Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone of the Yellow River Delta, Dongying, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Service Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone of the Yellow River Delta, Dongying, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Industry Promotion Service Center of Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone in the Yellow River Delta, Dongying, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zongchang Xu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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5
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Xue C, Li W, Shen R, Lan P. Impacts of iron on phosphate starvation-induced root hair growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:215-238. [PMID: 36174546 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, phosphate starvation (-Pi)-induced responses of primary root and lateral root growth are documented to be correlated with ambient iron (Fe) status. However, whether and how Fe participates in -Pi-induced root hair growth (RHG) remains unclear. Here, responses of RHG to different Fe concentrations under Pi sufficiency/deficiency were verified. Generally, distinct dosage effects of Fe on RHG appeared at both Pi levels, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Following analyses using auxin mutants and the phr1 mutant revealed that auxin and the central regulator PHR1 are required for Fe-triggered RHG under -Pi. A further proteomic study indicated that processes of vesicle trafficking and auxin synthesis and transport were affected by Fe under -Pi, which were subsequently validated by using a vesicle trafficking inhibitor, brefeldin A, and an auxin reporter, R2D2. Moreover, vesicle trafficking-mediated recycling of PIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, was notably affected by Fe under -Pi. Correspondingly, root hairs of pin2 mutant displayed attenuated responses to Fe under -Pi. Together, we propose that Fe affects auxin signalling probably by modulating vesicle trafficking, chiefly the PIN2 recycling, which might work jointly with PHR1 on modulating -Pi-induced RHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sceinces, Beijing, China
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6
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Athanasopoulou K, Daneva GN, Boti MA, Dimitroulis G, Adamopoulos PG, Scorilas A. The Transition from Cancer "omics" to "epi-omics" through Next- and Third-Generation Sequencing. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122010. [PMID: 36556377 PMCID: PMC9785810 DOI: 10.3390/life12122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering cancer etiopathogenesis has proven to be an especially challenging task since the mechanisms that drive tumor development and progression are far from simple. An astonishing amount of research has revealed a wide spectrum of defects, including genomic abnormalities, epigenomic alterations, disturbance of gene transcription, as well as post-translational protein modifications, which cooperatively promote carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that the adoption of a multidimensional approach can provide a much more precise and comprehensive picture of the tumor landscape, hence serving as a powerful tool in cancer research and precision oncology. The introduction of next- and third-generation sequencing technologies paved the way for the decoding of genetic information and the elucidation of cancer-related cellular compounds and mechanisms. In the present review, we discuss the current and emerging applications of both generations of sequencing technologies, also referred to as massive parallel sequencing (MPS), in the fields of cancer genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, as well as in the progressing realms of epi-omics. Finally, we provide a brief insight into the expanding scope of sequencing applications in personalized cancer medicine and pharmacogenomics.
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7
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Li X, Meng H, Liu L, Hong C, Zhang C. Metabolic network changes during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant ( atdfb-3). PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e00467. [PMID: 36438611 PMCID: PMC9684686 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic networks underlying skotomorphogenesis in seedlings remain relatively unknown. On the basis of our previous study on the folate metabolism in seedlings grown in darkness, the plastidial folylpolyglutamate synthetase gene (AtDFB) T-DNA insertion Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (atdfb-3) was examined. Under the nitrate-sufficient condition, the mutant exhibited deficient folate metabolism and hypocotyl elongation, which affected skotomorphogenesis. Further analyses revealed changes to multiple intermediate metabolites related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the etiolated atdfb-3 seedlings. Specifically, the sugar, polyol, and fatty acid contents decreased in the atdfb-3 mutant under the nitrate-sufficient condition, whereas the abundance of various organic acids and amino acids increased. In response to nitrate-limited stress, multiple metabolites, including sugars, polyols, fatty acids, organic acids, and amino acids, accumulated more in the mutant than in the wild-type control. The differences in the contents of multiple metabolites between the atdfb-3 and wild-type seedlings decreased following the addition of exogenous 5-F-THF under both nitrogen conditions. Additionally, the mutant accumulated high levels of one-carbon metabolites, such as Cys, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine, under both nitrogen conditions. Thus, our data demonstrated that the perturbed folate metabolism in the atdfb-3 seedlings, which was caused by the loss-of-function mutation to AtDFB, probably altered carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thereby modulating skotomorphogenesis. Furthermore, the study findings provide new evidence of the links among folate metabolism, metabolic networks, and skotomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Li
- College of BioengineeringBeijing PolytechnicBeijingChina
| | - Hongyan Meng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFujian Institute of Subtropical BotanyXiamenChina
| | - Liqing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFujian Institute of Subtropical BotanyXiamenChina
| | - Cuiyun Hong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFujian Institute of Subtropical BotanyXiamenChina
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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8
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Sowinski EE, Westman BM, Redmond CR, Kong Y, Olek AT, Olek J, McCann MC, Carpita NC. Lack of xyloglucan in the cell walls of the Arabidopsis xxt1/xxt2 mutant results in specific increases in homogalacturonan and glucomannan. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:212-227. [PMID: 35041247 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Sowinski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Bryce M Westman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Celeste R Redmond
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Anna T Olek
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jan Olek
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Maureen C McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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Zhang K, Pan J, Chen Y, Wei Y, Du H, Sun J, Lv D, Wen H, He H, Wang G, Cai R. Mapping and identification of CsSh5.1, a gene encoding a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase required for hypocotyl elongation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:979-991. [PMID: 33558986 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CsSh5.1, which controls hypocotyl elongation under high temperature conditions in cucumber, was mapped to a 57.1 kb region on chromosome 5 containing a candidate gene encoding a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase. Hypocotyl growth is a vital process in seedling establishment. Hypocotyl elongation after germination relies more on longitudinal cell elongation than cell division. Cell elongation is largely determined by the extensibility of the cell wall. Here, we identified a spontaneous mutant in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), sh5.1, which exhibits a temperature-insensitive short hypocotyl phenotype. Genetic analysis showed that the phenotype of sh5.1 was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. CsSh5.1 was mapped to a 57.1 kb interval on chromosome 5, containing eight predicted genes. Sequencing analysis revealed that the Csa5G171710 is the candidate gene of CsSh5.1, which was further confirmed via co-segregation analysis and genomic DNA sequencing in natural cucumber variations. The result indicated that hypocotyl elongation might be controlled by this gene. CsSh5.1 encodes a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that specifically adds galactose to xyloglucan and forms galactosylated xyloglucans, which determine the strength and extensibility of the cell walls. CsSh5.1 expression in wild-type (WT) hypocotyl was significantly higher than that in sh5.1 hypocotyl under high temperature, suggesting its important role in hypocotyl cell elongation under high temperature. The identification of CsSh5.1 is helpful for elucidating the function of xyloglucan galactosyltransferase in cell wall expansion and understanding the mechanism of hypocotyl elongation in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Xu Z, Zhou J, Ren T, Du H, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang C. Salt stress decreases seedling growth and development but increases quercetin and kaempferol content in Apocynum venetum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:813-821. [PMID: 32378758 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apocynum venetum L. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with great potential to treat angiocardiopathy. Its major medicinal constituents are flavonoids. However, the natural habitats of A. venetum are typically affected by salt stress, which can modify both biomass and accumulation of medicinal compounds. In this study, the effects of salt stress on growth and development of A. venetum, accumulation of flavonoids and expression patterns of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were evaluated. In general, the growth and development of seedlings (seedling height, root length, leaf length, leaf width and seed germination) were inhibited by salt stress. Unlike typical halophytes, there was no optimal NaCl concentration range that promoted growth and development, but seedlings had an elevated DW/FW ratio under salt stress (induced by irrigation with 50, 100, 200 or 400 mm NaCl). Furthermore, quercetin and kaempferol were significantly accumulated in A. venetum seedlings under salt stress, resulting in a balanced content and reduced FW. Moreover, the expression of AvCHS, AvCHI and AvF3GT was inhibited by salt stress; however, AvF3'H, AvF3H and AvFLS, which are involved in the flavonol synthesis pathway, were up-regulated under salt stress, consistent with a decrease in total flavonoids and an increase of flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol). In summary, cultivation of A. venetum in saline soils appeared to be feasible and improved the medicinal quality of A. venetum (quercetin and kaempferol accumulation under salt stress), thus this species can effectively utilize saline soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - J Zhou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Pharmic Department, Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - T Ren
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - H Du
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - H Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Y Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - C Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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11
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The synthesis of xyloglucan, an abundant plant cell wall polysaccharide, requires CSLC function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20316-20324. [PMID: 32737163 PMCID: PMC7443942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007245117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cells have a polysaccharide-based wall that maintains their structural and functional integrity and determines their shape. Reorganization of wall components is required to allow growth and differentiation. One matrix polysaccharide that is postulated to play an important role in this reorganization is xyloglucan (XyG). While the structure of XyG is well understood, its biosynthesis is not. Through genetic studies with Arabidopsis CSLC genes, we demonstrate that they are responsible for the synthesis of the XyG glucan backbone. A quintuple cslc mutant is able to grow and develop normally but lacks detectable XyG. These results raise important questions regarding cell wall structure and its reorganization during growth. The series of cslc mutants will be valuable tools for investigating these questions. Xyloglucan (XyG) is an abundant component of the primary cell walls of most plants. While the structure of XyG has been well studied, much remains to be learned about its biosynthesis. Here we employed reverse genetics to investigate the role of Arabidopsis cellulose synthase like-C (CSLC) proteins in XyG biosynthesis. We found that single mutants containing a T-DNA in each of the five Arabidopsis CSLC genes had normal levels of XyG. However, higher-order cslc mutants had significantly reduced XyG levels, and a mutant with disruptions in all five CSLC genes had no detectable XyG. The higher-order mutants grew with mild tissue-specific phenotypes. Despite the apparent lack of XyG, the cslc quintuple mutant did not display significant alteration of gene expression at the whole-genome level, excluding transcriptional compensation. The quintuple mutant could be complemented by each of the five CSLC genes, supporting the conclusion that each of them encodes a XyG glucan synthase. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the CSLC genes are widespread in the plant kingdom and evolved from an ancient family. These results establish the role of the CSLC genes in XyG biosynthesis, and the mutants described here provide valuable tools with which to study both the molecular details of XyG biosynthesis and the role of XyG in plant cell wall structure and function.
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12
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Gigli-Bisceglia N, Engelsdorf T, Hamann T. Plant cell wall integrity maintenance in model plants and crop species-relevant cell wall components and underlying guiding principles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2049-2077. [PMID: 31781810 PMCID: PMC7256069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The walls surrounding the cells of all land-based plants provide mechanical support essential for growth and development as well as protection from adverse environmental conditions like biotic and abiotic stress. Composition and structure of plant cell walls can differ markedly between cell types, developmental stages and species. This implies that wall composition and structure are actively modified during biological processes and in response to specific functional requirements. Despite extensive research in the area, our understanding of the regulatory processes controlling active and adaptive modifications of cell wall composition and structure is still limited. One of these regulatory processes is the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism, which monitors and maintains the functional integrity of the plant cell wall during development and interaction with environment. It is an important element in plant pathogen interaction and cell wall plasticity, which seems at least partially responsible for the limited success that targeted manipulation of cell wall metabolism has achieved so far. Here, we provide an overview of the cell wall polysaccharides forming the bulk of plant cell walls in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and the effects their impairment can have. We summarize our current knowledge regarding the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism and discuss that it could be responsible for several of the mutant phenotypes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gigli-Bisceglia
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Engelsdorf
- Division of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Wang M, Xu Z, Guo S, Zhou G, ONeill M, Kong Y. Identification of two functional xyloglucan galactosyltransferase homologs BrMUR3 and BoMUR3 in brassicaceous vegetables. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9095. [PMID: 32461829 PMCID: PMC7231499 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucan (XyG) is the predominant hemicellulose in the primary cell walls of most dicotyledonous plants. Current models of these walls predict that XyG interacts with cellulose microfibrils to provide the wall with the rigidity and strength necessary to maintain cell integrity. Remodeling of this network is required to allow cell elongation and plant growth. In this study, homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana MURUS3 (MUR3), which encodes a XyG-specific galactosyltransferase, were obtained from Brassica rapa (BrMUR3) to Brassica oleracea (BoMUR3). Genetic complementation showed that BrMUR3 and BoMUR3 rescue the phenotypic defects of the mur3-3 mutant. Xyloglucan subunit composition analysis provided evidence that BrMUR3 and BoMUR3 encode a galactosyltransferase, which transfers a galactose residue onto XyG chains. The detection of XXFG and XLFG XyG subunits (restoration of fucosylated side chains) in mur3-3 mutants overexpressing BrMUR3 or BoMUR3 show that MUR3 from Brassica to Arabidopsis are comparable as they add Gal to the third xylosyl residue of the XXXG subunit. Our results provide additional information for functional dissection and evolutionary analysis of MUR3 genes derived from brassicaceous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongchang Xu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuaiqiang Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Malcolm ONeill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Xu Z, Marowa P, Liu H, Du H, Zhang C, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of P-Type Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Sub-Gene Family in Sunflower and the Role of HHA4 and HHA11 in the Development of Salt Stress Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040361. [PMID: 32230880 PMCID: PMC7231311 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The P-type plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase plays a major role during the growth and development of a plant. It is also involved in plant resistance to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, including salt stress. The PM H+-ATPase gene family has been well characterized in Arabidopsis and other crop plants such as rice, cucumber, and potato; however, the same cannot be said in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). In this study, a total of thirteen PM H+-ATPase genes were screened from the recently released sunflower genome database with a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. According to a systematic phylogenetic classification with a previously reported species, the sunflower PM H+-ATPase genes (HHAs) were divided into four sub-clusters (I, II, IV, and V). In addition, systematic bioinformatics analyses such as gene structure analysis, chromosome location analysis, subcellular localization predication, conserved motifs, and Cis-acting elements of promoter identification were also done. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis data of HHAs in different sunflower tissues revealed the specificity of gene spatiotemporal expression and sub-cluster grouping. Those belonging to sub-cluster I and II exhibited wide expression in almost all of the tissues studied while sub-cluster IV and V seldom showed expression. In addition, the expression of HHA4, HHA11, and HHA13 was shown to be induced by salt stress. The transgenic plants overexpressing HHA4 and HHA11 showed higher salinity tolerance compared with wild-type plants. Further analysis showed that the Na+ content of transgenic Arabidopsis plants decreased under salt stress, which indicates that PM H+ ATPase participates in the physiological process of Na+ efflux, resulting in salt resistance of the plants. This study is the first to identify and analyze the sunflower PM H+ ATPase gene family. It does not only lay foundation for future research but also demonstrates the role played by HHAs in salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchang Xu
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Z.X.); (C.Z.)
| | - Prince Marowa
- Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare 00263, Zimbabwe;
| | - Han Liu
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Haina Du
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Z.X.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Z.X.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0532-6671-5597
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15
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Yan J, Huang Y, He H, Han T, Di P, Sechet J, Fang L, Liang Y, Scheller HV, Mortimer JC, Ni L, Jiang M, Hou X, Zhang A. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase30 negatively affects salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5495-5506. [PMID: 31257449 PMCID: PMC6793456 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved various strategies to sense and respond to saline environments, which severely reduce plant growth and limit agricultural productivity. Alteration to the cell wall is one strategy that helps plants adapt to salt stress. However, the physiological mechanism of how the cell wall components respond to salt stress is not fully understood. Here, we show that expression of XTH30, encoding xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase30, is strongly up-regulated in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function of XTH30 leads to increased salt tolerance and overexpression of XTH30 results in salt hypersensitivity. XTH30 is located in the plasma membrane and is highly expressed in the root, flower, stem, and etiolated hypocotyl. The NaCl-induced increase in xyloglucan (XyG)-derived oligosaccharide (XLFG) of the wild type is partly blocked in xth30 mutants. Loss-of-function of XTH30 slows down the decrease of crystalline cellulose content and the depolymerization of microtubules caused by salt stress. Moreover, lower Na+ accumulation in shoot and lower H2O2 content are found in xth30 mutants in response to salt stress. Taken together, these results indicate that XTH30 modulates XyG side chains, altered abundance of XLFG, cellulose synthesis, and cortical microtubule stability, and negatively affecting salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan He
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Di
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Julien Sechet
- Joint Bioenergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Joint Bioenergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Vibe Scheller
- Joint Bioenergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint Bioenergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Parra-Rojas JP, Largo-Gosens A, Carrasco T, Celiz-Balboa J, Arenas-Morales V, Sepúlveda-Orellana P, Temple H, Sanhueza D, Reyes FC, Meneses C, Saez-Aguayo S, Orellana A. New steps in mucilage biosynthesis revealed by analysis of the transcriptome of the UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter 2 mutant. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5071-5088. [PMID: 31145803 PMCID: PMC6793455 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Upon imbibition, epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds release a mucilage formed mostly by pectic polysaccharides. The Arabidopsis mucilage is composed mainly of unbranched rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), with low amounts of cellulose, homogalacturonan, and traces of xylan, xyloglucan, galactoglucomannan, and galactan. The pectin-rich composition of the mucilage and their simple extractability makes this structure a good candidate to study the biosynthesis of pectic polysaccharides and their modification. Here, we characterize the mucilage phenotype of a mutant in the UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter 2 (URGT2), which exhibits a reduction in RG-I and also shows pleiotropic changes, suggesting the existence of compensation mechanisms triggered by the lack of URGT2. To gain an insight into the possible compensation mechanisms activated in the mutant, we performed a transcriptome analysis of developing seeds using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed a significant misregulation of 3149 genes, 37 of them (out of the 75 genes described to date) encoding genes proposed to be involved in mucilage biosynthesis and/or its modification. The changes observed in urgt2 included the up-regulation of UAFT2, a UDP-arabinofuranose transporter, and UUAT3, a paralog of the UDP-uronic acid transporter UUAT1, suggesting that they play a role in mucilage biosynthesis. Mutants in both genes showed changes in mucilage composition and structure, confirming their participation in mucilage biosynthesis. Our results suggest that plants lacking a UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter undergo important changes in gene expression, probably to compensate modifications in the plant cell wall due to the lack of a gene involved in its biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Parra-Rojas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Asier Largo-Gosens
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Celiz-Balboa
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Arenas-Morales
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepúlveda-Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henry Temple
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dayan Sanhueza
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C Reyes
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Saez-Aguayo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Yang H, Shi G, Li X, Hu D, Cui Y, Hou J, Yu D, Huang F. Overexpression of a soybean YABBY gene, GmFILa, causes leaf curling in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 31159746 PMCID: PMC6547562 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YABBY genes play important roles in the growth and polar establishment of lateral organs such as leaves and floral organs in angiosperms. However, the functions of YABBY homologous genes are largely unknown in soybean. RESULTS In this study, we identified GmFILa encoding a YABBY transcription factor belonging to FIL subfamily. In situ mRNA hybridization analysis indicated that GmFILa had specific expression patterns in leaf as well as in flower bud primordia. Ectopic expression of GmFILa in Arabidopsis thaliana altered the partial abaxialization of the adaxial epidermises of leaves. Besides, GmFILa transgenic plants also exhibited longer flowering period and inhibition of shoot apical meristem (SAM) development compared to the wild type plants. Digital expression data and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that the expression of GmFILa was induced by biotic and abiotic stresses and hormone treatments. Transcriptome analysis suggested that overexpressing GmFILa yielded 82 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Arabidopsis leaves, which can be classified into transcription factors, transporters, and genes involved in growth and development, metabolism, signal transduction, redox reaction and stress response. CONCLUSIONS These results not only demonstrate the roles of GmFILa involved in leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity in Arabidopsis, but also help to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of GmFILa based on the transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Guixia Shi
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Dezhou Hu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yanmei Cui
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Fang Huang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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18
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Ilias IA, Negishi K, Yasue K, Jomura N, Morohashi K, Baharum SN, Goh HH. Transcriptome-wide effects of expansin gene manipulation in etiolated Arabidopsis seedling. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:159-172. [PMID: 30341720 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Expansin is a non-enzymatic protein which plays a pivotal role in cell wall loosening by inducing stress relaxation and extension in the plant cell wall. Previous studies on Arabidopsis, Petunia × hybrida, and tomato demonstrated that the suppression of expansin gene expression reduced plant growth but expansin overexpression does not necessarily promotes growth. In this study, both expansin gene suppression and overexpression in dark-grown transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings resulted in reduced hypocotyl length at late growth stages with a more pronounced effect for the overexpression. This defect in hypocotyl elongation raises questions about the molecular effect of expansin gene manipulation. RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptomic changes between day 3 and day 5 seedlings for both transgenic lines found numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including transcription factors and hormone-related genes involved in different aspects of cell wall development. These DEGs imply that the observed hypocotyl growth retardation is a consequence of the concerted effect of regulatory factors and multiple cell-wall related genes, which are important for cell wall remodelling during rapid hypocotyl elongation. This is further supported by co-expression analysis through network-centric approach of differential network cluster analysis. This first transcriptome-wide study of expansin manipulation explains why the effect of expansin overexpression is greater than suppression and provides insights into the dynamic nature of molecular regulation during etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqmal Asyraf Ilias
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kohei Negishi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba-ken, Tokyo, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Keito Yasue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba-ken, Tokyo, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naohiro Jomura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba-ken, Tokyo, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba-ken, Tokyo, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hoe-Han Goh
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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19
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of the Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase Gene Family in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9060273. [PMID: 29795009 PMCID: PMC6027287 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTHs) encode enzymes required for the reconstruction and modification of xyloglucan backbones, which will result in changes of cell wall extensibility during growth. A total of 56 NtXTH genes were identified from common tobacco, and 50 cDNA fragments were verified by PCR amplification. The 56 NtXTH genes could be classified into two subfamilies: Group I/II and Group III according to their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure, chromosomal localization, conserved protein domains prediction, sub-cellular localization of NtXTH proteins and evolutionary relationships among Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana sylvestrisis, Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Arabidopsis, and rice were also analyzed. The NtXTHs expression profiles analyzed by the TobEA database and qRT-PCR revealed that NtXTHs display different expression patterns in different tissues. Notably, the expression patterns of 12 NtXTHs responding to environment stresses, including salinity, alkali, heat, chilling, and plant hormones, including IAA and brassinolide, were characterized. All the results would be useful for the function study of NtXTHs during different growth cycles and stresses.
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20
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Reem NT, Chen HY, Hur M, Zhao X, Wurtele ES, Li X, Li L, Zabotina O. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses correlated with untargeted metabolome reveal differentially expressed pathways in response to cell wall alterations. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:509-529. [PMID: 29502299 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research provides new insights into plant response to cell wall perturbations through correlation of transcriptome and metabolome datasets obtained from transgenic plants expressing cell wall-modifying enzymes. Plants respond to changes in their cell walls in order to protect themselves from pathogens and other stresses. Cell wall modifications in Arabidopsis thaliana have profound effects on gene expression and defense response, but the cell signaling mechanisms underlying these responses are not well understood. Three transgenic Arabidopsis lines, two with reduced cell wall acetylation (AnAXE and AnRAE) and one with reduced feruloylation (AnFAE), were used in this study to investigate the plant responses to cell wall modifications. RNA-Seq in combination with untargeted metabolome was employed to assess differential gene expression and metabolite abundance. RNA-Seq results were correlated with metabolite abundances to determine the pathways involved in response to cell wall modifications introduced in each line. The resulting pathway enrichments revealed the deacetylation events in AnAXE and AnRAE plants induced similar responses, notably, upregulation of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and changes in regulation of primary metabolic pathways that supply substrates to specialized metabolism, particularly those related to defense responses. In contrast, genes and metabolites of lipid biosynthetic pathways and peroxidases involved in lignin polymerization were downregulated in AnFAE plants. These results elucidate how primary metabolism responds to extracellular stimuli. Combining the transcriptomics and metabolomics datasets increased the power of pathway prediction, and demonstrated the complexity of pathways involved in cell wall-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Reem
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Han-Yi Chen
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Department of Genetics, Developmental and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Laurence H. Baker Center for Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
- Information Technology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- Department of Genetics, Developmental and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Genetics, Developmental and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
| | - Olga Zabotina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA.
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