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Gu L, Chen X, Hou Y, Cao Y, Wang H, Zhu B, Du X, Wang H. ZmWRKY30 modulates drought tolerance in maize by influencing myo-inositol and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14423. [PMID: 38945803 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop with a wide range of uses in both industry and agriculture. Drought stress during its growth cycle can greatly reduce maize crop yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying maize responses to drought stress remain unclear. In this work, a WRKY transcription factor-encoding gene, ZmWRKY30, from drought-treated maize leaves was screened out and characterized. ZmWRKY30 gene expression was induced by dehydration treatments. The ZmWRKY30 protein localized to the nucleus and displayed transactivation activity in yeast. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing ZmWRKY30 exhibited a significantly enhanced drought stress tolerance, as evidenced by the improved survival rate, increased antioxidant enzyme activity by superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), elevated proline content, and reduced lipid peroxidation recorded after drought stress treatment. In contrast, the mutator (Mu)-interrupted ZmWRKY30 homozygous mutant (zmwrky30) was more sensitive to drought stress than its null segregant (NS), characterized by the decreased survival rate, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, and CAT) and proline content, as well as increased malondialdehyde accumulation. RNA-Seq analysis further revealed that, under drought conditions, the knockout of the ZmWRKY30 gene in maize affected the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proline, and myo-inositol metabolism. Meanwhile, the zmwrky30 mutant exhibited significant downregulation of myo-inositol content in leaves under drought stress. Combined, our results suggest that ZmWRKY30 positively regulates maize responses to water scarcity. This work provides potential target genes for the breeding of drought-tolerant maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunyan Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongyan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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2
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Kalra A, Goel S, Elias AA. Understanding role of roots in plant response to drought: Way forward to climate-resilient crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2024; 17:e20395. [PMID: 37853948 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress leads to a significant amount of agricultural crop loss. Thus, with changing climatic conditions, it is important to develop resilience measures in agricultural systems against drought stress. Roots play a crucial role in regulating plant development under drought stress. In this review, we have summarized the studies on the role of roots and root-mediated plant responses. We have also discussed the importance of root system architecture (RSA) and the various structural and anatomical changes that it undergoes to increase survival and productivity under drought. Various genes, transcription factors, and quantitative trait loci involved in regulating root growth and development are also discussed. A summarization of various instruments and software that can be used for high-throughput phenotyping in the field is also provided in this review. More comprehensive studies are required to help build a detailed understanding of RSA and associated traits for breeding drought-resilient cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Kalra
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Goel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Ani A Elias
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (ICFRE - IFGTB), Coimbatore, India
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3
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Li Y, Chen Y, Jiang S, Dai H, Xu W, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Dodd IC, Yuan W. ABA is required for differential cell wall acidification associated with root hydrotropic bending in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:38-48. [PMID: 37705239 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropism is an important adaptation of plant roots to the uneven distribution of water, with current research mainly focused on Arabidopsis thaliana. To examine hydrotropism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) primary roots, we used RNA sequencing to determine gene expression of root tips (apical 5 mm) on dry and wet sides of hydrostimulated roots grown on agar plates. Hydrostimulation enhances cell division and expansion on the dry side compared with the wet side of the root tip. In hydrostimulated roots, the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis gene ABA4 was induced more on the dry than the wet side of root tips. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor Fluridone and the ABA-deficient mutant notabilis (not) significantly decreased hydrotropic curvature. Wild-type, but not the ABA biosynthesis mutant not, root tips showed asymmetric H+ efflux, with greater efflux on the dry than on the wet side of root tips. Thus, ABA mediates asymmetric H+ efflux, allowing the root to bend towards the wet side to take up more water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yadi Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Dai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Wei Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
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4
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Akita K, Miyazawa Y. Auxin biosynthesis, transport, and response directly attenuate hydrotropism in the latter stages to fine-tune root growth direction in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14051. [PMID: 37882259 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Roots detect water potential gradients in the soil and orient toward moister areas, a response known as hydrotropism that aids drought avoidance. Although auxin is crucial in tropism, its polar transport is not essential for hydrotropism in Arabidopsis. Moreover, antiauxin treatments in Arabidopsis produced inconsistent outcomes: some studies indicated auxin action was necessary while others did not. In this study, we examined auxin's physiological role in hydrotropism. We found that inhibiting auxin biosynthesis or transport intensified hydrotropic bending not only in wild-type, but also in hydrotropism defective mutants, namely miz1-1 and miz2 plants. Given that miz1-1 and miz2 exhibited compromised hydrotropism even under clinorotated conditions, we infer that auxin biosynthesis and transport directly suppress hydrotropism. Additionally, tir1-10, afb1-3, and afb2-3 displayed augmented hydrotropism. We observed a significant delay in hydrotropic bending in arf7-1arf19-1, suggesting that ARF7 and ARF19 amplify hydrotropism in its early stages. To discern the functional ties of ARF7/19 with MIZ1 and MIZ2, we studied the hydrotropic phenotypes of arf7-1arf19-1miz1-1 and arf7-1arf19-1miz2. Both triple mutants had diminished early-stage hydrotropism yet showed partial but significant recovery in the later stages. Given MIZ1's role in reducing auxin levels and MIZ2's essentiality for MIZ1 functionality, we conclude that auxin inhibits hydrotropism downstream of MIZ1 in later stages to refine root bending. Furthermore, it is posited that gene expression driven by ARF7 and ARF19 is pivotal for early-stage root hydrotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Akita
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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5
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Pei YY, Lei L, Fan XW, Li YZ. Effects of high air temperature, drought, and both combinations on maize: A case study. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111543. [PMID: 36427558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High air temperature (HAT) and natural soil drought (NSD) have seriously affected crop yield and frequently take place in a HAT-NSD combination. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop, thermophilic but not heat tolerant. In this study, HAT, NSD, and HAT-NSD effects on maize inbred line Huangzao4 -were characterized. Main findings were as follows: H2O2 and O- accumulated much more in immature young leaves than in mature old leaves under the stresses. Lateral roots were highly distributed near the upper pot mix layers under HAT and near root tips under HAT-NSD. Saccharide accumulated mainly in stressed root caps (RC) and formed a highly accumulated saccharide band at the boundary between RC and meristematic zone. Lignin deposition was in stressed roots under NSD and HAT-NSD. Chloroplasts increased in number and formed a high-density ring around leaf vascular bundles (VB) under HAT and HAT-NSD, and sparsely scattered in the peripheral area of VBs under NSD. The RC cells containing starch granules were most under NAD-HAT but least under HAT. Under NSD and HAT-NSD followed by re-watering, anther number per tassel spikelet reduced to 3. These results provide multiple clues for further distinguishing molecular mechanisms for maize to tolerate these stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Ling Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Xian-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - You-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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6
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Feng X, Jia L, Cai Y, Guan H, Zheng D, Zhang W, Xiong H, Zhou H, Wen Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wu F, Xu J, Lu Y. ABA-inducible DEEPER ROOTING 1 improves adaptation of maize to water deficiency. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2077-2088. [PMID: 35796628 PMCID: PMC9616520 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture remodelling is critical for forage moisture in water-limited soil. DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) in Oryza, Arabidopsis, and Prunus has been reported to improve drought avoidance by promoting roots to grow downward and acquire water from deeper soil. In the present study, we found that ZmDRO1 responded more strongly to abscisic acid (ABA)/drought induction in Zea mays ssp. mexicana, an ancestral species of cultivated maize, than in B73. It was proposed that this is one of the reasons why Zea mays ssp. mexicana has a more noticeable change in the downward direction angle of the root and fewer biomass penalties under water-deficient conditions. Thus, a robust, synthetic ABA/drought-inducible promoter was used to control the expression of ZmDRO1B73 in Arabidopsis and cultivated maize for drought-resistant breeding. Interestingly, ABA-inducible ZmDRO1 promoted a larger downward root angle and improved grain yield by more than 40% under water-limited conditions. Collectively, these results revealed that different responses to ABA/drought induction of ZmDRO1 confer different drought avoidance abilities, and we demonstrated the application of ZmDRO1 via an ABA-inducible strategy to alter the root architecture of modern maize to improve drought adaptation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjingChina
| | - Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Yunting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Huarui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Dan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Weixiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Hao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Hanmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Qingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Fengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaWenjingChina
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityWenjingChina
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7
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Crop Root Responses to Drought Stress: Molecular Mechanisms, Nutrient Regulations, and Interactions with Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169310. [PMID: 36012575 PMCID: PMC9409098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots play important roles in determining crop development under drought. Under such conditions, the molecular mechanisms underlying key responses and interactions with the rhizosphere in crop roots remain limited compared with model species such as Arabidopsis. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of the morphological, physiological, and metabolic responses to drought stress in typical crop roots, along with the regulation of soil nutrients and microorganisms to these responses. Firstly, we summarize how root growth and architecture are regulated by essential genes and metabolic processes under water-deficit conditions. Secondly, the functions of the fundamental plant hormone, abscisic acid, on regulating crop root growth under drought are highlighted. Moreover, we discuss how the responses of crop roots to altered water status are impacted by nutrients, and vice versa. Finally, this article explores current knowledge of the feedback between plant and soil microbial responses to drought and the manipulation of rhizosphere microbes for improving the resilience of crop production to water stress. Through these insights, we conclude that to gain a more comprehensive understanding of drought adaption mechanisms in crop roots, future studies should have a network view, linking key responses of roots with environmental factors.
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8
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Assay system for mesocotyl elongation and hydrotropism of maize primary root in response to low moisture gradient. Biotechniques 2021; 71:516-527. [PMID: 34617460 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and validated a test system that simulates a growth environment for Zea mays L. maize seedlings under conditions of low moisture gradient in darkness. This system allowed us to simultaneously measure mesocotyl elongation and the primary root hydrotropic response in seedlings before the emergence phase in a collection of maize hybrids. We found great variation in these two traits with statistically significant reduction of their elongations under the low moisture gradient condition that indicate the richness of maize genetic diversity. Hence, the objective of designing a new test system that evaluates the association between these underground traits with the potential use to measure other traits in maize seedlings related to early vigor was achieved.
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9
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Sáenz Rodríguez MN, Cassab GI. Primary Root and Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings: Two Organs with Antagonistic Growth below the Soil Surface. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1274. [PMID: 34201525 PMCID: PMC8309072 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maize illustrates one of the most complex cases of embryogenesis in higher plants that results in the development of early embryo with distinctive organs such as the mesocotyl, seminal and primary roots, coleoptile, and plumule. After seed germination, the elongation of root and mesocotyl follows opposite directions in response to specific tropisms (positive and negative gravitropism and hydrotropism). Tropisms represent the differential growth of an organ directed toward several stimuli. Although the life cycle of roots and mesocotyl takes place in darkness, their growth and functions are controlled by different mechanisms. Roots ramify through the soil following the direction of the gravity vector, spreading their tips into new territories looking for water; when water availability is low, the root hydrotropic response is triggered toward the zone with higher moisture. Nonetheless, there is a high range of hydrotropic curvatures (angles) in maize. The processes that control root hydrotropism and mesocotyl elongation remain unclear; however, they are influenced by genetic and environmental cues to guide their growth for optimizing early seedling vigor. Roots and mesocotyls are crucial for the establishment, growth, and development of the plant since both help to forage water in the soil. Mesocotyl elongation is associated with an ancient agriculture practice known as deep planting. This tradition takes advantage of residual soil humidity and continues to be used in semiarid regions of Mexico and USA. Due to the genetic diversity of maize, some lines have developed long mesocotyls capable of deep planting while others are unable to do it. Hence, the genetic and phenetic interaction of maize lines with a robust hydrotropic response and higher mesocotyl elongation in response to water scarcity in time of global heating might be used for developing more resilient maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Nair Sáenz Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
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10
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Li Y, Yuan W, Li L, Dai H, Dang X, Miao R, Baluška F, Kronzucker HJ, Lu C, Zhang J, Xu W. Comparative analysis reveals gravity is involved in the MIZ1-regulated root hydrotropism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7316-7330. [PMID: 32905588 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropism is the directed growth of roots toward the water found in the soil. However, mechanisms governing interactions between hydrotropism and gravitropism remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that an air system and an agar-sorbitol system induced only oblique water-potential gradients; an agar-glycerol system induced only vertical water-potential gradients; and a sand system established both oblique and vertical water-potential gradients. We employed obliquely oriented and vertically oriented experimental systems to study hydrotropism in Arabidopsis and tomato plants. Comparative analyses using different hydrotropic systems showed that gravity hindered the ability of roots to search for obliquely oriented water, whilst facilitating roots' search for vertically oriented water. We found that the gravitropism-deficient mutant aux1 showed enhanced hydrotropism in the oblique orientation but impaired root elongation towards water in the vertical orientation. The miz1 mutant exhibited deficient hydrotropism in the oblique orientation but normal root elongation towards water in the vertical orientation. Importantly, in contrast to miz1, the miz1/aux1 double mutant exhibited hydrotropic bending in the oblique orientation and attenuated root elongation towards water in the vertical orientation. Our results suggest that gravitropism is required for MIZ1-regulated root hydrotropism in both the oblique orientation and the vertical orientation, providing further insight into the role of gravity in root hydrotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and college of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and college of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, China
| | - Luocheng Li
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and college of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Dai
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and college of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Dang
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and college of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and college of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Congming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Stake Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and college of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Miyazawa Y, Takahashi H. Molecular mechanisms mediating root hydrotropism: what we have observed since the rediscovery of hydrotropism. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:3-14. [PMID: 31797131 PMCID: PMC7082378 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Roots display directional growth toward moisture in response to a water potential gradient. Root hydrotropism is thought to facilitate plant adaptation to continuously changing water availability. Hydrotropism has not been as extensively studied as gravitropism. However, comparisons of hydrotropic and gravitropic responses identified mechanisms that are unique to hydrotropism. Regulatory mechanisms underlying the hydrotropic response appear to differ among different species. We recently performed molecular and genetic analyses of root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of specific mechanisms mediating root hydrotropism in several plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Miyazawa
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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12
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A method for rapid analysis of the root hydrotropic response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biotechniques 2019; 66:154-158. [DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The system for analyzing the hydrotropic curvature with a moisture gradient in wild-type Arabidopsis roots was modified. Optimal conditions were determined for detecting a hydrotropic curvature of 90° just after 4 h of stimulation. This system only requires 15 ml of a solution of K2CO3 with a density of 1.48 g·ml-1 to generate a rapid moisture gradient inside a square Petri dish without decreasing root growth. In this, the root growth rate observed in hydrostimulated wild-type and miz1 mutant, utilized as a negative control, increases sixfold compared with those roots examined using the former method.
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13
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Bechtold U, Field B. Molecular mechanisms controlling plant growth during abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2753-2758. [PMID: 29788471 PMCID: PMC5961130 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Benjamin Field
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BVME, Marseille, France
- Correspondence: or
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14
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Dietrich D. Hydrotropism: how roots search for water. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2759-2771. [PMID: 29529239 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fresh water is an increasingly scarce resource for agriculture. Plant roots mediate water uptake from the soil and have developed a number of adaptive traits such as hydrotropism to aid water foraging. Hydrotropism modifies root growth to respond to a water potential gradient in soil and grow towards areas with a higher moisture content. Abscisic acid (ABA) and a small number of genes, including those encoding ABA signal transducers, MIZ2/GNOM, and the hydrotropism-specific MIZ1, are known to be necessary for the response in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas the role of auxin in hydrotropism appears to vary depending on the plant species. This review will describe recent progress characterizing the hormonal regulation of hydrotropism. Recent advances in identifying the sites of hydrotropic perception and response, together with its interaction with gravitropism, will also be discussed. Finally, I will describe putative mechanisms for perception of the water potential gradient and a potential role for hydrotropism in acclimatizing plants to drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dietrich
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology and Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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