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Singh Rawat S, Laxmi A. Light at the end of the tunnel: integrating signaling pathways in the coordination of lateral root development. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1895-1908. [PMID: 39171690 DOI: 10.1042/bst20240049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) encompasses a range of physical root attributes, including the lateral roots (LRs), root hairs and adventitious roots, in addition to the primary or main root. This overall structure is a crucial trait for efficient water and mineral capture alongside providing anchorage to the plant in the soil and is vital for plant productivity and fitness. RSA dynamics are dependent upon various environmental cues such as light, soil pH, water, mineral nutrition and the belowground microbiome. Among these factors, light signaling through HY5 significantly influences the flexibility of RSA by controlling different signaling pathways that converge at photoreceptors-mediated signaling, also present in the 'hidden half'. Furthermore, several phytohormones also drive the formation and emergence of LRs and are critical to harmonize intra and extracellular stimuli in this regard. This review endeavors to elucidate the impact of these interactions on RSA, with particular emphasis on LR development and to enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing the light-regulation of LR growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh Rawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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2
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Wamhoff D, Patzer L, Schulz DF, Debener T, Winkelmann T. GWAS of adventitious root formation in roses identifies a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase (SAC9) for marker-assisted selection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287452. [PMID: 37595005 PMCID: PMC10437954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rose propagation by cuttings is limited by substantial genotypic differences in adventitious root formation. To identify possible genetic factors causing these differences and to develop a marker for marker-assisted selection for high rooting ability, we phenotyped 95 cut and 95 garden rose genotypes in a hydroponic rooting system over 6 weeks. Data on rooting percentage after 3 to 6 weeks, root number, and root fresh mass were highly variable among genotypes and used in association mappings performed on genotypic information from the WagRhSNP 68 K Axiom SNP array for roses. GWAS analyses revealed only one significantly associated SNP for rooting percentage after 3 weeks. Nevertheless, prominent genomic regions/peaks were observed and further analysed for rooting percentage after 6 weeks, root number and root fresh mass. Some of the SNPs in these peak regions were associated with large effects on adventitious root formation traits. Very prominent were ten SNPs, which were all located in a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase SAC9 on chromosome 2 and showed very high effects on rooting percentage after 6 weeks of more than 40% difference between nulliplex and quadruplex genotypes. SAC9 was reported to be involved in the regulation of endocytosis and in combination with other members of the SAC gene family to regulate the translocation of auxin-efflux PIN proteins via the dephosphorylation of phosphoinositides. For one SNP within SAC9, a KASP marker was successfully derived and used to select genotypes with a homozygous allele configuration. Phenotyping these homozygous genotypes for adventitious root formation verified the SNP allele dosage effect on rooting. Hence, the presented KASP derived from a SNP located in SAC9 can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for high rooting ability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wamhoff
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laurine Patzer
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Section Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar Frank Schulz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Section Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Section Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Woody Plant and Propagation Physiology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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3
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Li J, Wang Z, Song C, Nie Y, Li H, Kong M, Cong H, Wang S, Yin N, Hu L, Bermudez RS, He W. Identification of LsLAZY1 gene in Leymus secalinus and validation of its function in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:783-790. [PMID: 37520815 PMCID: PMC10382429 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Root systems anchor plants to the substrate in addition to transporting water and nutrients, playing a fundamental role in plant survival. The LAZY1 gene mediates gravity signal transduction and participates in root and shoot development and auxin flow in many plants. In this study, a regulator, LsLAZY1, was identified from Leymus secalinus based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domain and evolutionary relationship were further analyzed comprehensively. The role of LsLAZY1 in root development was investigated by genetic transformation and associated gravity response and phototropism assay. Subcellular localization showed that LsLAZY1 was localized in the nucleus. LsLAZY1 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) increased the length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) compared to Col-0. Furthermore, 35S:LsLAZY1 transgenic seedlings affected auxin transport and showed a stronger gravitational and phototropic responses. It also promoted auxin accumulation at the root tips. These results indicated that LsLAZY1 affects root development and auxin transport. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01326-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Chunying Song
- Xilin Gol League Agricultural and Animal Product Quality and Safety Monitoring Center, Xilinhot City, 026000 China
| | - Yanshun Nie
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development Co. LTD, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Hanhan Cong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Ning Yin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Linyue Hu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Ramon Santos Bermudez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
| | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022 China
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4
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Wang J, Li C, Mao X, Wang J, Li L, Li J, Fan Z, Zhu Z, He L, Jing R. The wheat basic helix-loop-helix gene TabHLH123 positively modulates the formation of crown roots and is associated with plant height and 1000-grain weight under various conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2542-2555. [PMID: 36749713 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crown roots are the main components of the fibrous root system in cereal crops and play critical roles in plant adaptation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a wheat basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, TabHLH123, that interacts with the essential regulator of crown root initiation, MORE ROOT in wheat (TaMOR). TabHLH123 is expressed highly in shoot bases and roots. Ectopic expression of TabHLH123 in rice resulted in more roots compared with the wild type. TabHLH123 regulates the expression of genes controlling crown-root development and auxin metabolism, responses, and transport. In addition, we analysed the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of TabHLH123s in the wheat genome and identified a superior haplotype, TabHLH123-6B, that is associated with high root dry weight and 1000-grain weight, and short plant height. Our study reveals the role of TabHLH123 in controlling the formation of crown roots and provides beneficial insights for molecular marker-assisted breeding in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030031, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jialu Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zipei Fan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liheng He
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030031, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Long Non-Coding RNA lncWOX11a Suppresses Adventitious Root Formation of Poplar by Regulating the Expression of PeWOX11a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065766. [PMID: 36982841 PMCID: PMC10057709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of poorly conserved transcripts without protein-encoding ability, are widely involved in plant organogenesis and stress responses by mediating the transmission and expression of genetic information at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels. Here, we cloned and characterized a novel lncRNA molecule through sequence alignment, Sanger sequencing, transient expression in protoplasts, and genetic transformation in poplar. lncWOX11a is a 215 bp transcript located on poplar chromosome 13, ~50 kbp upstream of PeWOX11a on the reverse strand, and the lncRNA may fold into a series of complex stem–loop structures. Despite the small open reading frame (sORF) of 51 bp within lncWOX11a, bioinformatics analysis and protoplast transfection revealed that lncWOX11a has no protein-coding ability. The overexpression of lncWOX11a led to a decrease in the quantity of adventitious roots on the cuttings of transgenic poplars. Further, cis-regulatory module prediction and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments with poplar protoplasts demonstrated that lncWOX11a acts as a negative regulator of adventitious rooting by downregulating the WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene WOX11, which is supposed to activate adventitious root development in plants. Collectively, our findings imply that lncWOX11a is essential for modulating the formation and development of adventitious roots.
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Yun F, Liu H, Deng Y, Hou X, Liao W. The Role of Light-Regulated Auxin Signaling in Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065253. [PMID: 36982350 PMCID: PMC10049345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The root is an important organ for obtaining nutrients and absorbing water and carbohydrates, and it depends on various endogenous and external environmental stimulations such as light, temperature, water, plant hormones, and metabolic constituents. Auxin, as an essential plant hormone, can mediate rooting under different light treatments. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the functions and mechanisms of light-regulated auxin signaling in root development. Some light-response components such as phytochromes (PHYs), cryptochromes (CRYs), phototropins (PHOTs), phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and constitutive photo-morphorgenic 1 (COP1) regulate root development. Moreover, light mediates the primary root, lateral root, adventitious root, root hair, rhizoid, and seminal and crown root development via the auxin signaling transduction pathway. Additionally, the effect of light through the auxin signal on root negative phototropism, gravitropism, root greening and the root branching of plants is also illustrated. The review also summarizes diverse light target genes in response to auxin signaling during rooting. We conclude that the mechanism of light-mediated root development via auxin signaling is complex, and it mainly concerns in the differences in plant species, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), changes of transcript levels and endogenous IAA content. Hence, the effect of light-involved auxin signaling on root growth and development is definitely a hot issue to explore in the horticultural studies now and in the future.
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Li J, Li H, Yin N, Quan X, Wang W, Shan Q, Wang S, Bermudez RS, He W. Identification of LsPIN1 gene and its potential functions in rhizome turning of Leymus secalinus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:753. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Continuous tilling and the lateral growth of rhizomes confer rhizomatous grasses with the unique ability to laterally expand, migrate and resist disturbances. They play key roles especially in degraded grasslands, deserts, sand dunes, and other fragile ecological system. The rhizomatous plant Leymus secalinus has both rhizome buds and tiller buds that grow horizontally and upward at the ends of rhizome differentiation and elongation, respectively. The mechanisms of rhizome formation and differentiation in L. secalinus have not yet been clarified.
Results
In this study, we found that the content of gibberellin A3 (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were significantly higher in upward rhizome tips than in horizontal rhizome tips; by contrast, the content of methyl jasmonate and brassinolide were significantly higher in horizontal rhizome tips than in upward rhizome tips. GA3 and IAA could stimulate the formation and turning of rhizomes. An auxin efflux carrier gene, LsPIN1, was identified from L. secalinus based on previous transcriptome data. The conserved domains of LsPIN1 and the relationship of LsPIN1 with PIN1 genes from other plants were analyzed. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LsPIN1 was localized to the plasma membrane. The length of the primary roots (PRs) and the number of lateral roots (LRs) were higher in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LsPIN1 than in wild-type (Col-0) plants. Auxin transport was altered and the gravitropic response and phototropic response were stronger in 35S:LsPIN1 transgenic plants compared with Col-0 plants. It also promoted auxin accumulation in root tips.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that LsPIN1 plays key roles in auxin transport and root development. Generally, our results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying rhizome development in L. secalinus.
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Yang Y, Mei J, Chen J, Yang Y, Gu Y, Tang X, Lu H, Yang K, Sharma A, Wang X, Yan D, Wu R, Zheng B, Yuan H. Expression analysis of PIN family genes in Chinese hickory reveals their potential roles during grafting and salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999990. [PMID: 36247577 PMCID: PMC9557188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is an effective way to improve Chinese hickory while salt stress has caused great damage to the Chinese hickory industry. Grafting and salt stress have been regarded as the main abiotic stress types for Chinese hickory. However, how Chinese hickory responds to grafting and salt stress is less studied. Auxin has been proved to play an essential role in the stress response through its re-distribution regulation mediated by polar auxin transporters, including PIN-formed (PIN) proteins. In this study, the PIN gene family in Chinese hickory (CcPINs) was identified and structurally characterized for the first time. The expression profiles of the genes in response to grafting and salt stress were determined. A total of 11 CcPINs with the open reading frames (ORFs) of 1,026-1,983 bp were identified. Transient transformation in tobacco leaves demonstrated that CcPIN1a, CcPIN3, and CcPIN4 were localized in the plasma membrane. There were varying phylogenetic relationships between CcPINs and homologous genes in different species, but the closest relationships were with those in Carya illinoinensis and Juglans regia. Conserved N- and C-terminal transmembrane regions as well as sites controlling the functions of CcPINs were detected in CcPINs. Five types of cis-acting elements, including hormone- and stress-responsive elements, were detected on the promoters of CcPINs. CcPINs exhibited different expression profiles in different tissues, indicating their varied roles during growth and development. The 11 CcPINs responded differently to grafting and salt stress treatment. CcPIN1a might be involved in the regulation of the grafting process, while CcPIN1a and CcPIN8a were related to the regulation of salt stress in Chinese hickory. Our results will lay the foundation for understanding the potential regulatory functions of CcPIN genes during grafting and under salt stress treatment in Chinese hickory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangbiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Shen Y, Fan K, Wang Y, Wang H, Ding S, Song D, Shen J, Li H, Song Y, Han X, Qian W, Ma Q, Ding Z. Red and Blue Light Affect the Formation of Adventitious Roots of Tea Cuttings ( Camellia sinensis) by Regulating Hormone Synthesis and Signal Transduction Pathways of Mature Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:943662. [PMID: 35873958 PMCID: PMC9301306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.943662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important environmental factor which affects plant growth, through changes of intensity and quality. In this study, monochromatic white (control), red (660 nm), and blue (430 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to treat tea short cuttings. The results showed the most adventitious roots in blue light treated tea cuttings, but the lowest roots in that treated by red light. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of light quality affecting adventitious root formation, we performed full-length transcriptome and metabolome analyses of mature leaves under three light qualities, and then conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Phytohormone analysis showed that Indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA), Abscisic acid (ABA), ABA-glucosyl ester (ABA-GE), trans-Zeatin (tZ), and Jasmonic acid (JA) contents in mature leaves under blue light were significantly higher than those under white and red light. A crosstalk regulatory network comprising 23 co-expression modules was successfully constructed. Among them, the "MEblue" module which had a highly positive correlation with ICA (R = 0.92, P = 4e-04). KEGG analysis showed that related genes were significantly enriched in the "Plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075)" pathway. YUC (a flavin-containing monooxygenase), AUX1, AUX/IAA, and ARF were identified as hub genes, and gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of these hub genes under blue light were higher than those under white and red light. In addition, we also identified 6 auxin transport-related genes, including PIN1, PIN3, PIN4, PILS5, PILS6, and PILS7. Except PILS5, all of these genes showed the highest expression level under blue light. In conclusion, this study elucidated the molecular mechanism of light quality regulating adventitious root formation of tea short cutting through WGCNA analysis, which provided an innovation for "rapid seedling" of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao, China
| | - Shibo Ding
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao, China
| | - Dapeng Song
- Rizhao Tea Research Institute, Rizhao, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, China
| | - He Li
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingping Ma
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rizhao, China
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10
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Zeng Y, Schotte S, Trinh HK, Verstraeten I, Li J, Van de Velde E, Vanneste S, Geelen D. Genetic Dissection of Light-Regulated Adventitious Root Induction in Arabidopsis thaliana Hypocotyls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5301. [PMID: 35628112 PMCID: PMC9140560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photomorphogenic responses of etiolated seedlings include the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and opening of the apical hook. In addition, dark-grown seedlings respond to light by the formation of adventitious roots (AR) on the hypocotyl. How light signaling controls adventitious rooting is less well understood. Hereto, we analyzed adventitious rooting under different light conditions in wild type and photomorphogenesis mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Etiolation was not essential for AR formation but raised the competence to form AR under white and blue light. The blue light receptors CRY1 and PHOT1/PHOT2 are key elements contributing to the induction of AR formation in response to light. Furthermore, etiolation-controlled competence for AR formation depended on the COP9 signalosome, E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC (COP1), the COP1 interacting SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) kinase family members (SPA1,2 and 3) and Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIF). In contrast, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), suppressed AR formation. These findings provide a genetic framework that explains the high and low AR competence of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls that were treated with dark, and light, respectively. We propose that light-induced auxin signal dissipation generates a transient auxin maximum that explains AR induction by a dark to light switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwei Zeng
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Sebastien Schotte
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Hoang Khai Trinh
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
- Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Ellen Van de Velde
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant SystemsBiology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Korea
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
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PIN3 from Liriodendron May Function in Inflorescence Development and Root Elongation. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin, the first discovered phytohormone, is important for the growth and development of plants through the establishment of homeostasis and asymmetry. Here, we cloned the auxin transporter gene PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3) from the valuable timber tree hybrid Liriodendron (Liriodendron chinense × Liriodendron tulipifera). The gene contained a complete open reading frame of 1917 bp that encoded 638 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LhPIN3 exhibited the highest sequence similarity to the PIN3 of Vitis vinifera. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LhPIN3 was broadly expressed across different tissues/organs of Liriodendron, with the highest expression level in the roots. Heterologous overexpression of LhPIN3 in Arabidopsis thaliana caused considerable phenotypic changes, such as the root length and number of flowers. Genetic complementation of Arabidopsis pin1 mutants by LhPIN3, driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, fully restored the root length and number of flowers of the pin1 mutant. Overall, our findings reveal that LhPIN3 has similar capacities to regulate the root length and number of flowers of Arabidopsis with AtPIN1.
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