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Singh D, Jadon KS, Verma A, Geat N, Sharma R, Meena KK, Kakani RK. Formulations of synergistic microbial consortia for enhanced systemic resistance against Fusarium wilt in cumin. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00553-3. [PMID: 39020234 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to understand the dynamic interplay between plants and their associated microbes to develop an efficient microbial consortium for managing Fusarium wilt of cumin. A total of 601 rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria and fungi were screened for antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini (Foc). Subsequently, ten bacteria and ten fungi were selected for characterizing their growth promotion traits and ability to withstand abiotic stress. Furthermore, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of promising biocontrol isolates-1F, 16B, 31B, and 223B in mono and consortium mode, focusing on disease severity, plant growth, and defense responses in cumin challenged with Foc. Promising isolates were identified as Trichoderma atrobruneum 15F, Pseudomonas sp. 2B, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 9B, and Bacillus velezensis 32B. In planta, results revealed that cumin plants treated with consortia of 15F, 2B, 9B, and 32B showed highest percent disease control (76.35%) in pot experiment. Consortia of biocontrol agents significantly enhanced production of secondary metabolites and activation of antioxidant-defense enzymes compared to individual strain. Moreover, consortium treatments effectively reduced electrolyte leakage over the individual strain and positive control. The four-microbe consortium significantly enhanced chlorophyll (~ 2.74-fold), carotenoid content (~ 2.14-fold), plant height (~ 1.8-fold), dry weight (~ 1.96-fold), and seed yield (~ 19-fold) compared to positive control in pot experiment. Similarly, four microbe consortia showed highest percent disease control (72.2%) over the positive control in field trial. Moreover, plant growth, biomass, yield, and yield attributes of cumin were also significantly increased in field trial over the positive control as well as negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Singh
- Division of Pant Improvement and Pest Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Kuldeep Singh Jadon
- Division of Pant Improvement and Pest Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aman Verma
- Division of Pant Improvement and Pest Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neelam Geat
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Station, Mandor, Agriculture University Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342304, India
| | - Rajneesh Sharma
- Division of Pant Improvement and Pest Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Meena
- Division of Integrated Farming Systems, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kakani
- Division of Pant Improvement and Pest Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India
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Grishina A, Sherstneva O, Zhavoronkova A, Ageyeva M, Zdobnova T, Lysov M, Brilkina A, Vodeneev V. Comparison of the Efficiency of Hyperspectral and Pulse Amplitude Modulation Imaging Methods in Pre-Symptomatic Virus Detection in Tobacco Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3831. [PMID: 38005728 PMCID: PMC10674761 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of pathogens can significantly reduce yield losses and improve the quality of agricultural products. This study compares the efficiency of hyperspectral (HS) imaging and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry to detect pathogens in plants. Reflectance spectra, normalized indices, and fluorescence parameters were studied in healthy and infected areas of leaves. Potato virus X with GFP fluorescent protein was used to assess the spread of infection throughout the plant. The study found that infection increased the reflectance of leaves in certain wavelength ranges. Analysis of the normalized reflectance indices (NRIs) revealed indices that were sensitive and insensitive to infection. NRI700/850 was optimal for virus detection; significant differences were detected on the 4th day after the virus arrived in the leaf. Maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yields of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) were almost unchanged at the early stage of infection. ΦPSII and NPQ in the transition state (a short time after actinic light was switched on) showed high sensitivity to infection. The higher sensitivity of PAM compared to HS imaging may be due to the possibility of assessing the physiological changes earlier than changes in leaf structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona Grishina
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Oksana Sherstneva
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Anna Zhavoronkova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Maria Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Tatiana Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Maxim Lysov
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (A.Z.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (V.V.)
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Bin Y, Zhang Q, Su Y, Wang C, Jiang Q, Song Z, Zhou C. Transcriptome analysis of Citrus limon infected with Citrus yellow vein clearing virus. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 36750773 PMCID: PMC9903606 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is the causative agent of citrus yellow vein clearing disease, and poses a serious threat to the lemon industry in Asia. The common symptoms of CYVCV-infected lemon plants are leaf crinkling, leaf chlorotic mottling, and yellow vein clearing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CYVCV-citrus interaction that responsible for symptom occurrence is still unclarified. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to analyze the gene expression patterns of 'Eureka' lemon (Citrus limon Burm. f.) plants in response to CYVCV infection. RESULTS There were 3691 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by comparison between mock and CYVCV-infected lemon plants through RNA-seq. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that these DEGs were components of different pathways involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Among these, the DEGs related to phytohormone metabolism and photosynthesis pathways were further enriched and analyzed. This study showed that different phytohormone-related genes had different responses toward CYVCV infection, however almost all of the photosynthesis-related DEGs were down-regulated in the CYVCV-infected lemon plants. The obtained RNA-seq data were validated by RT-qPCR using 12 randomly chosen genes, and the results of mRNA expression analysis were consistent with those of RNA-seq. CONCLUSIONS The phytohormone biosynthesis, signaling and photosynthesis-related genes of lemon plants were probably involved in systemic infection and symptom occurrence of CYVCV. Notably, CYVCV infection had regulatory effects on the biosynthesis and signaling of phytohormone, which likely improve systemic infection of CYVCV. Additionally, CYVCV infection could cause structural changes in chloroplast and inhibition of photosynthesis pathway, which probably contribute to the appearance of leaf chlorotic mottling and yellow vein clearing in CYVCV-infected lemon plants. This study illustrates the dynamic nature of the citrus-CYVCV interaction at the transcriptome level and provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of CYVCV in lemon plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bin
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712 China
| | - Yue Su
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712 China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712 China
| | - Qiqi Jiang
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712 China
| | - Zhen Song
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Changyong Zhou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of CMV or 2b-Deficient CMV-Infected dcl2dcl4 Reveals the Effects of Viral Infection on Symptom Induction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071582. [PMID: 35891562 PMCID: PMC9320214 DOI: 10.3390/v14071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the impaired antiviral RNAi, the dcl2dcl4 (dcl2/4) mutant is highly susceptible to viruses deficient of the viral suppressor of the RNA silencing (VSR) contrast to wild-type Arabidopsis. It was found that more severe disease symptoms were induced in dcl2/4 infected with VSR-deficient CMV (CMV-Δ2b or CMV-2aTΔ2b) compared to wild-type Arabidopsis infected with intact CMV. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed with Col-0 and dcl2/4 that were infected by CMV, CMV-Δ2b and CMV-2aTΔ2b, respectively. Our analysis showed that the systematic infection of CMV, CMV-Δ2b and CMV-2aTΔ2b could cause hypoxia response and reduce photosynthesis. Asymptomatic infections of CMV-Δ2b or CMV-2aTΔ2b in Columbia (Col-0) promoted the expression of cell division-related genes and suppressed the transcription of metabolism and acquired resistance genes. On the other hand, immunity and resistance genes were highly induced, but photosynthesis and polysaccharide metabolism-related genes were suppressed in diseased plants. More interestingly, cell wall reorganization was specifically caused in modestly diseased Col-0 infected by CMV and a strong activation of SA signaling were correspondingly induced in severely diseased dcl2/4 by CMV or CMV mutants. Thus, our research revealed the nature of the Arabidopsis–CMV interaction at the transcriptome level and could provide new clues in symptom development and antiviral defense in plants.
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Attia MS, El-Wakil DA, Hashem AH, Abdelaziz AM. Antagonistic Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi Against Fusarium Wilt Disease in Tomato: In vitro and In vivo Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5100-5118. [PMID: 35689755 PMCID: PMC9587074 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is considered one of the most destructive diseases for tomato plants. The novelty of this work was to investigate the antifungal and plant growth-promoting capabilities of some plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF). Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) improved the plant health and control plant infections. In this study, two fungal strains as PGPF were isolated and identified as Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae using molecular method. The extracts of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae exhibited promising antifungal activity against F. oxysporum in vitro. Moreover, antagonistic effect of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae against F. oxysporum causing tomato wilt disease was evaluated in vivo. Disease severity and growth markers were recorded and in vitro antagonistic activity assay of the isolated A. fumigatus and R. oryzae against Fusarium oxysporum was measured. Physiological markers of defense in plant as response to stimulate systemic resistance (SR) were recorded. Our results indicated that A. fumigatus and R. oryzae decreased the percentage of disease severity by 12.5 and 37.5%, respectively. In addition, they exhibited relatively high protection percentage of 86.35 and 59.06% respectively. Fusarium wilt was declined the growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble carbohydrate, and total soluble protein, whereas content of free proline, total phenols, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes activity increased under infection. Moreover, application of A. fumigatus and R. oryzae on infected plants successfully recovered the loss of morphological traits, photosynthetic pigment total carbohydrates, and total soluble proteins in comparison to infected control plants. PGPF strains in both non-infected and infected plants showed several responses in number and density of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo-11884, Egypt
| | - Deiaa A El-Wakil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo-11884, Egypt.
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo-11884, Egypt.
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Kim JH, Lee S, Park ER, Jang WC. Development of a highly sensitive and rapid detection method for Pea enation mosaic virus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Virol Methods 2022; 300:114427. [PMID: 34902459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) has infected plants in the family Leguminosae such as pea, chickpea, faba bean, and lentil plants worldwide that the virus can be transmitted by sap, aphids, and seeds. Among the damages that PEMV disease cause in plants are reduced crop productivity, severely misshapen pods, wart-like outgrowths or proliferation on the surface. Previously, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real-time PCR had been used to detect PEMV. However, these methods are time-consuming and require specific equipments. For this reason, the development of a highly specific and sensitive detection method has become necessary. In this study, a new method for PEMV-1 using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has been developed with specific primer sets as inner- and outer primers. Results showed PEMV-1 has been successfully detected that LAMP could confirm a diluted PEMV-1 up to 10-6 cDNA. LAMP is about 10,000 times more sensitive than the RT-nested PCR and/or real-time PCR. Moreover, the processing time of the LAMP was decreased 3 h than RT-nested PCR. Although future validation will be required to confirm enablement in the field area, this study provides a valuable method to identify PEMV-1 that could offer some advantages including rapid detection, high specificity and high sensitivity than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwon Lee
- R&D Team, LSLK Co. Ltd., Gimpo, Gyeonggi 10111, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Roh Park
- Water Supply & Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Cheoul Jang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Rodríguez-Verástegui LL, Ramírez-Zavaleta CY, Capilla-Hernández MF, Gregorio-Jorge J. Viruses Infecting Trees and Herbs That Produce Edible Fleshy Fruits with a Prominent Value in the Global Market: An Evolutionary Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:203. [PMID: 35050091 PMCID: PMC8778216 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trees and herbs that produce fruits represent the most valuable agricultural food commodities in the world. However, the yield of these crops is not fully achieved due to biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Viruses are capable of causing alterations in plant growth and development, thereby impacting the yield of their hosts significantly. In this work, we first compiled the world's most comprehensive list of known edible fruits that fits our definition. Then, plant viruses infecting those trees and herbs that produce fruits with commercial importance in the global market were identified. The identified plant viruses belong to 30 families, most of them containing single-stranded RNA genomes. Importantly, we show the overall picture of the host range for some virus families following an evolutionary approach. Further, the current knowledge about plant-virus interactions, focusing on the main disorders they cause, as well as yield losses, is summarized. Additionally, since accurate diagnosis methods are of pivotal importance for viral diseases control, the current and emerging technologies for the detection of these plant pathogens are described. Finally, the most promising strategies employed to control viral diseases in the field are presented, focusing on solutions that are long-lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Candy Yuriria Ramírez-Zavaleta
- Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, San Pedro Xalcaltzinco 90180, Mexico; (C.Y.R.-Z.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - María Fernanda Capilla-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, San Pedro Xalcaltzinco 90180, Mexico; (C.Y.R.-Z.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Josefat Gregorio-Jorge
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Ciudad de Mexico 03940, Mexico
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Grishina A, Sherstneva O, Grinberg M, Zdobnova T, Ageyeva M, Khlopkov A, Sukhov V, Brilkina A, Vodeneev V. Pre-Symptomatic Detection of Viral Infection in Tobacco Leaves Using PAM Fluorometry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2782. [PMID: 34961253 PMCID: PMC8707847 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging was used to study potato virus X (PVX) infection of Nicotiana benthamiana. Infection-induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ)) in the non-inoculated leaf were recorded and compared with the spatial distribution of the virus detected by the fluorescence of GFP associated with the virus. We determined infection-related changes at different points of the light-induced chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and at different days after inoculation. A slight change in the light-adapted steady-state values of ΦPSII and NPQ was observed in the infected area of the non-inoculated leaf. In contrast to the steady-state parameters, the dynamics of ΦPSII and NPQ caused by the dark-light transition in healthy and infected areas differed significantly starting from the second day after the detection of the virus in a non-inoculated leaf. The coefficients of correlation between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and virus localization were 0.67 for ΦPSII and 0.76 for NPQ. In general, the results demonstrate the possibility of reliable pre-symptomatic detection of the spread of a viral infection using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona Grishina
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (O.S.); (M.G.); (T.Z.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Oksana Sherstneva
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (O.S.); (M.G.); (T.Z.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Marina Grinberg
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (O.S.); (M.G.); (T.Z.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Tatiana Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (O.S.); (M.G.); (T.Z.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Maria Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrey Khlopkov
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (O.S.); (M.G.); (T.Z.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (O.S.); (M.G.); (T.Z.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.G.); (O.S.); (M.G.); (T.Z.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
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Akbar S, Yao W, Yu K, Qin L, Ruan M, Powell CA, Chen B, Zhang M. Photosynthetic characterization and expression profiles of sugarcane infected by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:279-294. [PMID: 31900791 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), belonging to genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, is a severe pathogen of several agricultural important crops, mainly sugarcane. Due to complex nature of sugarcane, the effect of SCMV pathogenicity on sugarcane photosynthetic systems remains to be explored. In this study, we investigated the alterations occurring in the photosynthetic system in the sugarcane genotypes at the cytopathological, physiological and biological, transcriptome and proteome level. We generated the transcriptome assembly of two genotypes (susceptible Badila and resistant B-48) using Saccharum spontaneum L. as a reference genome. RNA-sequencing data revealed the significant upregulation of NAD(P)H, RubisCO, oxygen-evolving complex, chlorophyll a and b binding protein, Psb protein family, PSI reaction center subunit II, and IVgenes in B-48, as compared to its counterparts. Upregulated genes in B-48 are associated with various processes such as stability and assembly of photosystem, protection against photoinhibition and antiviral defense. The expression pattern of differentially abundant genes were further verified at the proteomics level. Overall, differentially expressed genes/proteins (DEGs/DEPs) showed the consistency of expression at both transcriptome and proteome level in B-48 genotype. Comprehensively, these data supported the efficiency of B-48 genotype under virus infection conditions and provided a better understanding of the expression pattern of photosynthesis-related genes in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Akbar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Kai Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Lifang Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Miaohong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | | | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
- IRREC-IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
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Sun H, Zhang H, Xu Z, Wang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Tian B, Sun G, Zhang H. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the effects of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst) infection on photosynthetic function and the response of the MAPK signaling pathway in tobacco leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:657-667. [PMID: 34214776 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the mechanism of photosynthesis inhibition by infection and the response of the MAPK signaling pathway to pathogen infection, tobacco leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst), and the effects of Pst infection on photosynthesis of tobacco leaves were studied by physiological and proteomic techniques, with a focus on MAPK signaling pathway related proteins. Pst infection was observed to lead to the degradation of chlorophyll (especially Chl b) in tobacco leaves and the down-regulation of light harvesting antenna proteins expression, thus limiting the light harvesting ability. The photosystem II and I (PSII and PSI) activities were also decreased, and Pst infection inhibited the utilization of light and CO2. Proteomic analyses showed that the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) under Pst infection at 3 d were significantly higher than at 1 d, especially the number of down-regulated proteins. The KEGG enrichment of DEPs was mainly enriched in the energy metabolism processes such as photosynthesis antenna proteins and photosynthesis. The down-regulation of chlorophyll a-b binding protein, photosynthetic electron transport related proteins (e.g., PSII and PSI core proteins, the Cytb6/f complex, PC, Fd, FNR), ATP synthase subunits, and key enzymes in the Calvin cycle were the key changes associated with Pst infection that may inhibit tobacco photosynthesis. The effect of Pst infection on the PSII electron acceptor side was significantly greater than that on the PSII donor side. The main factor that decreased the photosynthetic ability of tobacco leaves with Pst infection at 1 d may be the inhibition of photochemical reactions leading to an insufficient supply of ATP, rather than decreased expression of enzymes involved in the Calvin cycle. At 1 d into Pst infection, the PSII regulated energy dissipation yield Y(NPQ) may play a role in preventing photosynthetic inhibition in tobacco leaves, but the long-term Pst infection significantly inhibited Y(NPQ) and the expression of PsbS proteins. Proteins involved in the MAPK signaling pathway were up-regulated, suggesting the MAPK signaling pathway was activated to respond to Pst infection. However, at the late stage of Pst infection (at 3 d), MAPK signaling pathway proteins were degraded, and the defense function of the MAPK signaling pathway in tobacco leaves was damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- Mudanjiang Tobacco Science Research Institute, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zisong Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Attia MS, Balabel NM, Ababutain IM, Osman MS, Nofel MM, Abd Elkodous M, Elkhatib WF, El-Sayyad GS, El-Batal AI. Protective Role of Copper Oxide-Streptomycin Nano-drug Against Potato Brown Rot Disease Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhan J, Shi H, Li W, Zhang C, Zhang Y. NbTMP14 Is Involved in Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infection and Symptom Development by Interaction with the Viral NSm Protein. Viruses 2021; 13:427. [PMID: 33800072 PMCID: PMC7999277 DOI: 10.3390/v13030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive plant viruses, causing severe losses in many important crops worldwide. The non-structural protein NSm of TSWV is a viral movement protein that induces viral symptoms. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NSm contributes to symptom development are unclear. Here, we present evidence that NSm directly interacts with Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein TMP14 (NbTMP14) by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. The interaction between NSm and NbTMP14 led to the translocation of the NbTMP14 protein from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm in TSWV-infected plants, and overexpressing NSm decreased NbTMP14 mRNA accumulation. In addition, abnormal chloroplasts and starch accumulation were observed in TSWV-infected plants. Silencing of NbTMP14 by TRV VIGS also showed similar results to those of TSWV-infected plants. Overexpressing NbTMP14 in transgenic N. benthamiana plants impeded TSWV infection, and silencing NbTMP14 in N. benthamiana plants increased disease symptom severity and virus accumulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the plant chloroplast TMP14 protein is involved in viral infection. Knowledge of the interaction between NSm and NbTMP14 advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TSWV symptom development and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (H.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (H.S.); (W.L.)
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More P, Agarwal P, Anand A, Sanan-Mishra N, Agarwal PK. Artificial miRNA mediated resistance in tobacco against Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus by targeting RNA silencing suppressors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:890. [PMID: 33441589 PMCID: PMC7806619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf curl disease of Jatropha caused by geminiviruses results in heavy economic losses. In the present study, we report the identification of a new strain of a Jatropha leaf curl Gujarat virus (JLCuGV), which encodes six ORFs with each one having RNA silencing suppressor activity. Therefore, three artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs; C1/C4, C2/C3 and V1/V2) were designed employing overlapping regions, each targeting two ORFs of JLCuGV genomic DNA and transformed in tobacco. The C1/C4 and C2/C3 amiRNA transgenics were resistant while V1/V2 amiRNA transgenics were tolerant against JLCuGV. The relative level of amiRNA inversely related to viral load indicating a correlation with disease resistance. The assessment of photosynthetic parameters suggests that the transgenics perform significantly better in response to JLCuGV infiltration as compared to wild type (WT). The metabolite contents were not altered remarkably in amiRNA transgenics, but sugar metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle showed noticeable changes in WT on virus infiltration. The overall higher methylation and demethylation observed in amiRNA transgenics correlated with decreased JLCuGV accumulation. This study demonstrates that amiRNA transgenics showed enhanced resistance to JLCuGV while efficiently maintaining normalcy in their photosynthesis and metabolic pathways as well as homeostasis in the methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364 002, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364 002, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364 002, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Wang L, Poque S, Valkonen JPT. Phenotyping viral infection in sweetpotato using a high-throughput chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging platform. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:116. [PMID: 31649744 PMCID: PMC6805361 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus diseases caused by co-infection with Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) are a severe problem in the production of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Traditional molecular virus detection methods include nucleic acid-based and serological tests. In this study, we aimed to validate the use of a non-destructive imaging-based plant phenotype platform to study plant-virus synergism in sweetpotato by comparing four virus treatments with two healthy controls. RESULTS By monitoring physiological and morphological effects of viral infection in sweetpotato over 29 days, we quantified photosynthetic performance from chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) imaging and leaf thermography from thermal infrared (TIR) imaging among sweetpotatoes. Moreover, the differences among different treatments observed from ChlF and TIR imaging were related to virus accumulation and distribution in sweetpotato. These findings were further validated at the molecular level by related gene expression in both photosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways. CONCLUSION Our study validated for the first time the use of ChlF- and TIR-based imaging systems to distinguish the severity of virus diseases related to SPFMV and SPCSV in sweetpotato. In addition, we demonstrated that the operating efficiency of PSII and photochemical quenching were the most sensitive parameters for the quantification of virus effects compared with maximum quantum efficiency, non-photochemical quenching, and leaf temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Poque
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari P. T. Valkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Pérez-Bueno ML, Pineda M, Barón M. Phenotyping Plant Responses to Biotic Stress by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1135. [PMID: 31620158 PMCID: PMC6759674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a pivotal process in plant physiology, and its regulation plays an important role in plant defense against biotic stress. Interactions with pathogens and pests often cause alterations in the metabolism of sugars and sink/source relationships. These changes can be part of the plant defense mechanisms to limit nutrient availability to the pathogens. In other cases, these alterations can be the result of pests manipulating the plant metabolism for their own benefit. The effects of biotic stress on plant physiology are typically heterogeneous, both spatially and temporarily. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is a powerful tool to mine the activity of photosynthesis at cellular, leaf, and whole-plant scale, allowing the phenotyping of plants. This review will recapitulate the responses of the photosynthetic machinery to biotic stress factors, from pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) to pests (herbivory) analyzed by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging both at the lab and field scale. Moreover, chlorophyll fluorescence imagers and alternative techniques to indirectly evaluate photosynthetic traits used at field scale are also revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Pérez-Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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16
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Wu M, Ding X, Fu X, Lozano-Duran R. Transcriptional reprogramming caused by the geminivirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in local or systemic infections in Nicotiana benthamiana. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:542. [PMID: 31272383 PMCID: PMC6611054 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses have evolved to create a cellular environment permissive for viral replication in susceptible hosts. Possibly both enabling and resulting from these virus-triggered changes, infected hosts undergo a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming, the analysis of which can shed light on the molecular processes underlying the outcome of virus-host interactions. The study of the transcriptional changes triggered by the plant DNA viruses geminiviruses is potentially hampered by the low representation of infected cells in the total population, a situation that becomes extreme in those cases, like that of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), in which the virus is restricted to phloem companion cells. RESULTS In order to gain insight into how different the transcriptional landscapes of TYLCV-infected cells or whole tissues of TYLCV-infected plants might be, here we compare the transcriptional changes in leaf patches infected with TYLCV by agroinfiltration or in systemic leaves of TYLCV-infected plants in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our results show that, in agreement with previous works, infection by TYLCV induces a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming; the detected changes, however, are not equivalent in local and systemic infections, with a much larger number of genes differentially expressed locally, and some genes responding in an opposite manner. Interestingly, a transcriptional repression of the auxin signalling pathway and a transcriptional activation of the ethylene signalling pathway were detected in both local and systemically infected samples. A transcriptional activation of defence was also detectable in both cases. Comparison with the transcriptional changes induced by systemic infection by the geminivirus Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbSV) shows common subsets of up- and down-regulated genes similarly affected by both viral species, unveiling a common transcriptional repression of terpenoid biosynthesis, a process also suppressed by the geminivirus Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results presented here not only offer insight into the transcriptional changes derived from the infection by TYLCV in N. benthamiana, but also demonstrate that the resolution provided by local and systemic infection approaches largely differs, highlighting the urge to come up with a better system to gain an accurate view of the molecular and physiological changes caused by the viral invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xue Ding
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xing Fu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602 China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602 China
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17
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Nováková S, Danchenko M, Skultety L, Fialová I, Lešková A, Beke G, Flores-Ramírez G, Glasa M. Photosynthetic and Stress Responsive Proteins Are Altered More Effectively in Nicotiana benthamiana Infected with Plum pox virus Aggressive PPV-CR versus Mild PPV-C Cherry-Adapted Isolates. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3114-3127. [PMID: 30084641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV, family Potyviridae) is one of the most important viral pathogens of Prunus spp. causing considerable damage to stone-fruit industry worldwide. Among the PPV strains identified so far, only PPV-C, PPV-CR, and PPV-CV are able to infect cherries under natural conditions. Herein, we evaluated the pathogenic potential of two viral isolates in herbaceous host Nicotiana benthamiana. Significantly higher accumulation of PPV capsid protein in tobacco leaves infected with PPV-CR (RU-30sc isolate) was detected in contrast to PPV-C (BY-101 isolate). This result correlated well with the symptoms observed in the infected plants. To further explore the host response upon viral infection at the molecular level, a comprehensive proteomic profiling was performed. Using reverse-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography followed by label-free mass spectrometry quantification, we identified 38 unique plant proteins as significantly altered due to the infection. Notably, the abundances of photosynthesis-related proteins, mainly from the Calvin-Benson cycle, were found more aggressively affected in plants infected with PPV-CR isolate than those of PPV-C. This observation was accompanied by a significant reduction in the amount of photosynthetic pigments extracted from the leaves of PPV-CR infected plants. Shifts in the abundance of proteins that are involved in stimulation of photosynthetic capacity, modification of amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism may affect plant growth and initiate energy formation via gluconeogenesis in PPV infected N. benthamiana. Furthermore, we suggest that the higher accumulation of H2O2 in PPV-CR infected leaves plays a crucial role in plant defense and development by activating the glutathione synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomíra Nováková
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta 9 , 845 05 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta 9 , 845 05 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Ludovit Skultety
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta 9 , 845 05 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
- Institute of Microbiology , The Czech Academy of Sciences , Videnska 1083 , 142 20 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Fialová
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Institute of Botany , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta 9 , 845 23 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Lešková
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Institute of Botany , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta 9 , 845 23 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Gábor Beke
- Institute of Molecular Biology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 21 , 845 51 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriela Flores-Ramírez
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta 9 , 845 05 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Glasa
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dubravska cesta 9 , 845 05 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Lei R, Du Z, Kong J, Li G, He Y, Qiu Y, Yan J, Zhu S. Blue Native/SDS-PAGE and iTRAQ-Based Chloroplasts Proteomics Analysis of Nicotiana tabacum Leaves Infected with M Strain of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Reveals Several Proteins Involved in Chlorosis Symptoms. Proteomics 2018; 18. [PMID: 29193783 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection in plants involves necrosis, chlorosis, and mosaic. The M strain of cucumber mosaic virus (M-CMV) has six distinct symptoms: vein clearing, mosaic, chlorosis, partial green recovery, complete green recovery, and secondary mosaic. Chlorosis indicates the loss of chlorophyll which is highly abundant in plant leaves and plays essential roles in photosynthesis. Blue native/SDS-PAGE combined with mass spectrum was performed to detect the location of virus, and proteomic analysis of chloroplast isolated from virus-infected plants was performed to quantify the changes of individual proteins in order to gain a global view of the total chloroplast protein dynamics during the virus infection. Among the 438 proteins quantified, 33 showed a more than twofold change in abundance, of which 22 are involved in the light-dependent reactions and five in the Calvin cycle. The dynamic change of these proteins indicates that light-dependent reactions are down-accumulated, and the Calvin cycle was up-accumulated during virus infection. In addition to the proteins involved in photosynthesis, tubulin was up-accumulated in virus-infected plant, which might contribute to the autophagic process during plant infection. In conclusion, this extensive proteomic investigation on intact chloroplasts of virus-infected tobacco leaves provided some important novel information on chlorosis mechanisms induced by virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lei
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Du
- Guangxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jun Kong
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guifen Li
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- Animal and Plant and Food Testing Center, Tianjin Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Qiu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
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Hameed S, Akhtar KP, Hameed A, Gulzar T, Kiran S, Yousaf S, Abbas G, Asghar MJ, Sarwar N. Biochemical changes in the leaves of mungbean (Vigna radiata) plants infected by phytoplasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2016-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Phyllody disease caused by phytoplasma is an emerging problem in mungbean worldwide. However, the alterations in the host physiology and its associated biochemical components induced by the infection with phytoplasma in mungbean plant remain unknown. Hence the present study was performed with the diseased plants in order to determine the patho-physiological changes that take place.Methods:Under present study, the changes in total phenolic compounds, total soluble proteins, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were studied in leaves of phytoplasma-infected and healthy plants of six mungbean genotypes.Results:Total phenols were decreased significantly in four but increased in one genotype. Protein contents were increased significantly in two genotypes, POD in four, PPO in one and PAL in two genotypes. However, activity of CAT and amount ofConclusion:These results suggest that phytoplasma can interfere with host metabolism and photosynthesis to induce disease. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mungbean response to phytoplasma infection.
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20
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Characterization and assessment of two biocontrol bacteria against Pseudomonas syringae wilt in Solanum lycopersicum and its genetic responses. Microbiol Res 2017; 206:43-49. [PMID: 29146259 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas and Bacillus species are attractive due to their potential bio-control application against plant bacterial pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain D4 and Bacillus stratosphericus strain FW3 were isolated from mine tailings in South Korea. In these potent bacterial strains, we observed improved antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. These strains produced biocatalysts for plant growth promotion, and in vivo examination of Solanum lycopersicum included analysis of disease severity, ion leakage, chlorophyll content, and H2O2 detection. In addition, regulation of the defense genes pathogen-related protein 1a (PR1a) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was compared with treated plants and untreated control plants. The results suggest that these two bacterial strains provide protection against plant pathogens via direct and indirect modes of action and could be used as a bio-control agent.
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Bhor SA, Tateda C, Mochizuki T, Sekine KT, Yaeno T, Yamaoka N, Nishiguchi M, Kobayashi K. Inducible expression of magnesium protoporphyrin chelatase subunit I (CHLI)-amiRNA provides insights into cucumber mosaic virus Y satellite RNA-induced chlorosis symptoms. Virusdisease 2017; 28:69-80. [PMID: 28466058 PMCID: PMC5377865 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies with Y satellite RNA (Y-sat) of cucumber mosaic virus have demonstrated that Y-sat modifies the disease symptoms in specific host plants through the silencing of the magnesium protoporphyrin chelatase I subunit (CHLI), which is directed by the Y-sat derived siRNA. Along with the development of peculiar yellow phenotypes, a drastic decrease in CHLI-transcripts and a higher accumulation of Y-sat derived siRNA were observed. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the Y-sat-induced chlorosis, especially whether or not the reduced expression of CHLI causes the chlorosis simply through the reduced production of chlorophyll or it triggers some other mechanisms leading to the chlorosis, we have established a new experimental system with an inducible silencing mechanism. This system involves the expression of artificial microRNAs targeting of Nicotiana tabacum CHLI gene under the control of chemically inducible promoter. The CHLI mRNA levels and total chlorophyll content decreased significantly in 2 days, enabling us to analyze early events in induced chlorosis and temporary changes therein. This study revealed that the silencing of CHLI did not only result in the decreased chlorophyll content but also lead to the downregulation of chloroplast and photosynthesis-related genes expression and the upregulation of defense-related genes. Based on these results, we propose that the reduced expression of CHLI could activate unidentified signaling pathways that lead plants to chlorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Chika Tateda
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213 Japan
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaoka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Masamichi Nishiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
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Lei R, Jiang H, Hu F, Yan J, Zhu S. Chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging provides new insight into the chlorosis induced by plant virus infection. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:327-341. [PMID: 27904946 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Leaf chlorosis induced by plant virus infection has a short fluorescence lifetime, which reflects damaged photosynthetic complexes and degraded chloroplasts. Plant viruses often induce chlorosis and necrosis, which are intimately related to photosynthetic functions. Chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime measurement is a valuable noninvasive tool for analyzing photosynthetic processes and is a sensitive indicator of the environment surrounding the fluorescent molecules. In this study, our central goal was to explore the effect of viral infection on photosynthesis by employing chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), steady-state fluorescence, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and pigment analysis. The data indicated that the chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime of chlorotic leaves was significantly shorter than that of healthy control leaves, and the fitted short lifetime component of chlorophyll fluorescence of chlorotic leaves was dominant. This dominant short lifetime component may result from damage to the structure of thylakoid, which was confirmed by TEM. The NPQ value of chlorotic leaves was slightly higher than that of healthy green leaves, which can be explained by increased neoxanthin, lutein and violaxanthin content relative to chlorophyll a. The difference in NPQ is slight, but FLIM can provide simple and direct characterization of PSII structure and photosynthetic function. Therefore, this technique shows great potential as a simple and rapid method for studying mechanisms of plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lei
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Hongshan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Quarantine of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100762, China.
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23
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Doumayrou J, Sheber M, Bonning BC, Miller WA. Quantification of Pea enation mosaic virus 1 and 2 during infection of Pisum sativum by one step real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2017; 240:63-68. [PMID: 27915037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pea enation mosaic virus 1 (PEMV1) and Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV2) are two viruses in an obligate symbiosis that cause pea enation mosaic disease mainly in plants in the Fabaceae family. This virus system is a valuable model to investigate plant virus replication, movement and vector transmission. Thus, here we describe growth conditions, virus detection methods, and virus accumulation behavior. To measure the accumulation and movement of PEMV1 and PEMV2 in plants during the course of infection, we developed a quantitative real-time one-step reverse transcription PCR procedure using the SYBR-green® technology. Viral primers were designed that anneal to conserved but distinct regions in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of each virus. Moreover, the normalization of viral accumulation was performed to correct for sample-to-sample variation by designing primers to two different Pisum sativum housekeeping genes: actin and β-tubulin. Transcript levels for these housekeeping genes did not change significantly in response to PEMV infection. Conditions were established for maximum PCR efficiency for each gene, and quantification using QuBit® technology. Both viruses reached maximum accumulation around 21days post-inoculation of pea plants. These results provide valuable tools and knowledge to allow reproducible studies of this emerging model virus system virus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Doumayrou
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Melissa Sheber
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - W Allen Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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24
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Barón M, Pineda M, Pérez-Bueno ML. Picturing pathogen infection in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 71:355-368. [PMID: 27626766 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several imaging techniques have provided valuable tools to evaluate the impact of biotic stress on host plants. The use of these techniques enables the study of plant-pathogen interactions by analysing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of foliar metabolism during pathogenesis. In this work we review the use of imaging techniques based on chlorophyll fluorescence, multicolour fluorescence and thermography for the study of virus, bacteria and fungi-infected plants. These studies have revealed the impact of pathogen challenge on photosynthetic performance, secondary metabolism, as well as leaf transpiration as a promising tool for field and greenhouse management of diseases. Images of standard chlorophyll fluorescence (Chl-F) parameters obtained during Chl-F induction kinetics related to photochemical processes and those involved in energy dissipation, could be good stress indicators to monitor pathogenesis. Changes on UV-induced blue (F440) and green fluorescence (F520) measured by multicolour fluorescence imaging in pathogen-challenged plants seem to be related with the up-regulation of the plant secondary metabolism and with an increase in phenolic compounds involved in plant defence, such as scopoletin, chlorogenic or ferulic acids. Thermal imaging visualizes the leaf transpiration map during pathogenesis and emphasizes the key role of stomata on innate plant immunity. Using several imaging techniques in parallel could allow obtaining disease signatures for a specific pathogen. These techniques have also turned out to be very useful for presymptomatic pathogen detection, and powerful non-destructive tools for precision agriculture. Their applicability at lab-scale, in the field by remote sensing, and in high-throughput plant phenotyping, makes them particularly useful. Thermal sensors are widely used in crop fields to detect early changes in leaf transpiration induced by both air-borne and soil-borne pathogens. The limitations of measuring photosynthesis by Chl-F at the canopy level are being solved, while the use of multispectral fluorescence imaging is very challenging due to the type of light excitation that is used.
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25
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Hedtmann C, Guo W, Reifschneider E, Heiber I, Hiltscher H, van Buer J, Barsch A, Niehaus K, Rowan B, Lortzing T, Steppuhn A, Baier M. The Plant Immunity Regulating F-Box Protein CPR1 Supports Plastid Function in Absence of Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1650. [PMID: 29018463 PMCID: PMC5615928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The redox imbalanced 6 mutant (rimb6) of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated in a genetic screening approach for mutants with defects in chloroplast-to-nucleus redox signaling. It has an atypically low activation status of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-A promoter in the seedling stage. rimb6 shows wildtype-like germination, seedling development and greening, but slower growth and reduced biomass in the rosette stage. Mapping of the casual mutation revealed that rimb6 carries a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED (PR) GENES 1, CPR1 (At4g12560), leading to a premature stop codon. CPR1 is known as a repressor of pathogen signaling and regulator of microtubule organization. Allelism of rimb6 and cpr1 revealed a function of CPR1 in chloroplast stress protection. Expression studies in pathogen signaling mutants demonstrated that CPR1-mediated activation of genes for photosynthesis and chloroplast antioxidant protection is, in contrast to activation of pathogen responses, regulated independently from PAD4-controlled salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. We conclude that the support of plastid function is a basic, SA-independent function of CPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hedtmann
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Wei Guo
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Elena Reifschneider
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Heiber
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Heiko Hiltscher
- Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University of DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörn van Buer
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Aiko Barsch
- Proteom- und Metabolomforschung, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteom- und Metabolomforschung, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Beth Rowan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyTübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lortzing
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Anke Steppuhn
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margarete Baier
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26
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Hong Y, Liu Y. Chloroplast in Plant-Virus Interaction. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1565. [PMID: 27757106 PMCID: PMC5047884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
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27
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Abstract
In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
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28
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Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Prasad SM, Chauhan DK, Dubey NK. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) alleviate chromium (VI) phytotoxicity in Pisum sativum (L.) seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:189-98. [PMID: 26298805 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of silicon nanoparticles (SiNp) against Cr (VI) phytotoxicity in pea seedlings. Results show that Cr(VI, 100 μM) significantly (P < 0.05) declined growth of pea which was accompanied by the enhanced level of Cr. Additionally, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters like F(v)/F(m), F(v)/F0 and qP were decreased while NPQ significantly (P < 0.05) increased under Cr(VI) treatment. Superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA-lipid peroxidation) contents were enhanced by Cr(VI). Activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by Cr (VI) while activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase were inhibited significantly (P < 0.05). Micro and macronutrients also show decreasing trends (except S) under Cr(VI) treatment. However, addition of SiNp together with Cr(VI) protects pea seedlings against Cr(VI) phytotoxicity hence improved growth was noticed. In conclusion, the results of this study show that Cr(VI) causes negative impact on pea seedlings, however; SiNp protects pea seedlings against Cr(VI) phytotoxicity by reducing Cr accumulation and oxidative stress, and up-regulating antioxidant defense system and nutrient elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Koriya 497335, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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29
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Tu Y, Jin Y, Ma D, Li H, Zhang Z, Dong J, Wang T. Interaction between PVY HC-Pro and the NtCF1β-subunit reduces the amount of chloroplast ATP synthase in virus-infected tobacco. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15605. [PMID: 26499367 PMCID: PMC4620480 DOI: 10.1038/srep15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic rate of virus-infected plants is always reduced. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of Potato virus Y (PVY) was found in the chloroplasts of PVY-infected tobacco, indicating some new function of HC-Pro in the chloroplasts. We generated HC-Pro transgenic plants with a transit peptide to target the protein to chloroplast. The HC-Pro transgenic tobacco showed a decreased photosynthetic rate by 25% at the light intensity of 600 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Using a yeast two-hybrid screening assay to search for chloroplast proteins interacting with HC-Pro, we identified that PVY HC-Pro can interact with the chloroplast ATP synthase NtCF1β-subunit. This interaction was confirmed by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. HC-Pro didn't interfere with the activity of assembled ATP synthase in vitro. The HC-Pro/NtCF1β-subunit interaction might affect the assembly of ATP synthase complex. Quantitative western blot and immunogold labeling of the ATP synthase indicated that the amount of ATP synthase complex was decreased in both the HC-Pro transgenic and the PVY-infected tobacco. These results demonstrate that HC-Pro plays an important role in reducing the photosynthetic rate of PVY-infected plants, which is a completely new role of HC-Pro besides its multiple known functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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30
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Naidu RA, Maree HJ, Burger JT. Grapevine leafroll disease and associated viruses: a unique pathosystem. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2015; 53:613-34. [PMID: 26243729 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-045946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll is the most complex and intriguing viral disease of grapevine (Vitis spp.). Several monopartite closteroviruses (family Closteroviridae) from grapevines have been molecularly characterized, yet their role in disease etiology is not completely resolved. Hence, these viruses are currently designated under the umbrella term of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). This review examines our current understanding of the genetically divergent GLRaVs and highlights the emerging picture of several unique aspects of the leafroll disease pathosystem. A systems biology approach using contemporary technologies in molecular biology, -omics, and cell biology aids in exploring the comparative molecular biology of GLRaVs and deciphering the complex network of host-virus-vector interactions to bridge the gap between genomics and phenomics of leafroll disease. In addition, grapevine-infecting closteroviruses have a great potential as designer viruses to pursue functional genomics and for the rational design of novel disease intervention strategies in this agriculturally important perennial fruit crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayapati A Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, Washington 99350;
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31
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Sade D, Sade N, Shriki O, Lerner S, Gebremedhin A, Karavani A, Brotman Y, Osorio S, Fernie AR, Willmitzer L, Czosnek H, Moshelion M. Water Balance, Hormone Homeostasis, and Sugar Signaling Are All Involved in Tomato Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:1684-1697. [PMID: 24989233 PMCID: PMC4119048 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.243402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar water movement is largely controlled by membrane channels called tonoplast-intrinsic aquaporins (TIP-AQPs). Some TIP-AQP genes, such as TIP2;2 and TIP1;1, are up-regulated upon exposure to biotic stress. Moreover, TIP1;1 transcript levels are higher in leaves of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) line resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) than in those of a susceptible line with a similar genetic background. Virus-induced silencing of TIP1;1 in the tomato resistant line and the use of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tip1;1 null mutant showed that resistance to TYLCV is severely compromised in the absence of TIP1:1. Constitutive expression of tomato TIP2;2 in transgenic TYLCV-susceptible tomato and Arabidopsis plants was correlated with increased TYLCV resistance, increased transpiration, decreased abscisic acid levels, and increased salicylic acid levels at the early stages of infection. We propose that TIP-AQPs affect the induction of leaf abscisic acid, which leads to increased levels of transpiration and gas exchange, as well as better salicylic acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Nir Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Oz Shriki
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Stephen Lerner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Alem Gebremedhin
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Asaf Karavani
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
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32
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Yan BF, Duan W, Liu GT, Xu HG, Wang LJ, Li SH. Response of bean (Vicia faba L.) plants to low sink demand by measuring the gas exchange rates and chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80770. [PMID: 24324626 PMCID: PMC3851463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The decline of photosynthesis in plants under low sink demand is well known. Previous studies focused on the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn). These studies investigated the effect of changes in Photosystem II (PSII) function on the Pn decline under low sink demand. However, little is known about its effects on different limiting steps of electron transport chain in PSII under this condition. Methodology/Principal Finding Two-month-old bean plants were processed by removing pods and flowers (low sink demand). On the 1st day after low sink demand treatment, a decline of Pn was accompanied by a decrease in gs and internal-to-ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca). From the 3rd to 9th day, Pn and gs declined continuously while Ci/Ca ratio remained stable in the treatment. Moreover, these values were lower than that of control. Wk (a parameter reflecting the damage to oxygen evolving complex of the donor side of PSII) values in the treatment were significantly higher than their corresponding control values. However, RCQA (a parameter reflecting the number of active RCs per excited cross-section of PSII) values in the treatment were significantly lower than control from the 5th day. From the 11th to 21st day, Pn and gs of the treatment continued to decline and were lower than control. This was accompanied by a decrease of RCQA, and an increase of Wk. Furthermore, the quantum yield parameters φPo, φEo and ψEo in the treatment were lower than in control; however, Ci/Ca values in the treatment gradually increased and were significantly higher than control on the 21st day. Conclusions Stomatal limitation during the early stage, whereas a combination of stomatal and non-stomatal limitation during the middle stage might be responsible for the reduction of Pn under low sink demand. Non-stomatal limitation during the late stages after the removal of the sink of roots and pods may also cause Pn reduction. The non-stomatal limitation was associated with the inhibition of PSII electron transport chain. Our data suggests that the donor side of PSII was the most sensitive to low sink demand followed by the reaction center of PSII. The acceptor side of PSII may be the least sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Fang Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Tian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guo Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (L-JW); (S-HL)
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (L-JW); (S-HL)
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Rodríguez M, Muñoz N, Lenardon S, Lascano R. The chlorotic symptom induced by Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus is associated with changes in redox-related gene expression and metabolites. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 196:107-16. [PMID: 23017905 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Systemic infections are commonly associated with changes in host metabolism and gene expression. Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV) causes systemic infection with sugar increase, photoinhibition and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities before chlorotic symptom appearance in sunflower leaves. The aim of this study was to determine if chlorotic symptom development induced by SuCMoV infection is accompanied by changes in different redox-related metabolites and transcripts. Symptom development was analyzed in the second pair of leaves (systemic infection) at different post-inoculation times: before symptom appearance (BS, 4 dpi), and at an early (ES, 7 dpi) and later stage (LS, 12 dpi) of symptom expression. The results showed that the virus reaches the second pair of leaves at 4 dpi. A positive correlation between chlorotic symptom and number of viral copies was also observed. Changes in hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, pyridine nucleotides and ATP content were observed since symptom appearance (ES, 7 dpi). The expression of some of the genes analyzed was also strongly affected by SuCMoV infection. Specifically, down-regulation of both chloroplast-encoded genes and chloroplast-targeted genes: psbA, rbcS, Cu/Zn sod, Fe sod, phosphoglycolate phosphatase, psbO, psaH and fnr was present, whereas the expression of cytoplasmic-targeted genes, apx1, and Cu/Zn sod was up-regulated. Mitochondrial Mn sod decreased at BS stage and aox decreased only at ES stage. Peroxisomal catalase (cat-2) was lower at BS and LS stages. All these results suggest that SuCMoV infection induces progressive changes in determinants of redox homeostasis associated with chlorotic symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Rodríguez
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales-IFRGV, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias-CIAP, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-INTA, Camino a 60 Cuadras Km 5 ½, X5020 ICA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Sade N, Gebremedhin A, Moshelion M. Risk-taking plants: anisohydric behavior as a stress-resistance trait. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:767-70. [PMID: 22751307 PMCID: PMC3583960 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a critical limitation for agricultural systems. Two different water management strategies have evolved in plants: an isohydric strategy and an anisohydric strategy. Isohydric plants maintain a constant midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) when water is abundant, as well as under drought conditions, by reducing stomatal conductance as necessary to limit transpiration. Anisohydric plants have more variable Ψleaf and keep their stomata open and photosynthetic rates high for longer periods, even in the presence of decreasing leaf water potential. This risk-taking behavior of anisohydric plants might be beneficial when water is abundant, as well as under moderately stressful conditions. However, under conditions of intense drought, this behavior might endanger the plant. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these two water-usage strategies and their effects on the plant's ability to tolerate abiotic and biotic stress. The involvement of plant tonoplast AQPs in this process will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alem Gebremedhin
- Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel
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