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Su B, Ge T, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang F, Feng T, Liu B, Kong F, Sun Z. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WNK kinase gene family in soybean. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:16. [PMID: 38371442 PMCID: PMC10869327 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
WNK kinases are a unique class of serine/threonine protein kinases that lack a conserved catalytic lysine residue in the kinase domain, hence the name WNK (with no K, i.e., lysine). WNK kinases are involved in various physiological processes in plants, such as circadian rhythm, flowering time, and stress responses. In this study, we identified 26 WNK genes in soybean and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, chromosomal distribution, cis-regulatory elements, expression patterns, and conserved protein motifs. The soybean WNK genes were unevenly distributed on 15 chromosomes and underwent 21 segmental duplication events during evolution. We detected 14 types of cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of the WNK genes, indicating their potential involvement in different signaling pathways. The transcriptome database revealed tissue-specific and salt stress-responsive expression of WNK genes in soybean, the second of which was confirmed by salt treatments and qRT-PCR analysis. We found that most WNK genes were significantly up-regulated by salt stress within 3 h in both roots and leaves, except for WNK5, which showed a distinct expression pattern. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular characteristics and evolutionary history of the soybean WNK gene family and lay a foundation for further analysis of WNK gene functions in soybean. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01440-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Su
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Tianli Ge
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Fan Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Tu Feng
- School of Ecological Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, 551700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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Ji H, Wu Y, Zhao X, Miao JL, Deng S, Li S, Gao R, Liu ZJ, Zhai J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of WNK Kinase Gene Family in Acorus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17594. [PMID: 38139421 PMCID: PMC10743480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
WNK (With No Lysine) kinases are members of serine/threonine protein kinase family, which lack conserved a catalytic lysine (K) residue in protein kinase subdomain II and this residue is replaced by either asparagine, serine, or glycine residues. They are involved in various physiological regulations of flowering time, circadian rhythms, and abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, we identified the WNK gene family in two species of Acorus, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, physiochemical properties, subcellular localization, collinearity, and cis-elements. The results showed twenty-two WNKs in two Acorus (seven in Ac. gramineus and fifteen in Ac. calamus) have been identified and clustered into five main clades phylogenetically. Gene structure analysis showed all WNKs possessed essential STKc_WNK or PKc_like superfamily domains, and the gene structures and conserved motifs of the same clade were similar. All the WNKs harbored a large number of light response elements, plant hormone signaling elements, and stress resistance elements. Through a collinearity analysis, two and fourteen segmental duplicated gene pairs were identified in the Ac. gramineus and Ac. calamus, respectively. Moreover, we observed tissue-specificity of WNKs in Acorus using transcriptomic data, and their expressions in response to salt stress and cold stress were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed WNKs are involved in the regulation of abiotic stresses. There were significant differences in the expression levels of most of the WNKs in the leaves and roots of Acorus under salt stress and cold stress, among which two members in Ac. gramineus (AgWNK3 and AgWNK4) and two members in Ac. calamus (AcWNK8 and AcWNK12) were most sensitive to stress. In summary, this paper will significantly contribute to the understanding of WNKs in monocots and thus provide a set up for functional genomics studies of WNK protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - You Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Miao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shixing Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junwen Zhai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
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Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Rice Root Systems in Response to Low-Nitrogen Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065290. [PMID: 36982364 PMCID: PMC10048922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth and essential metabolic processes. Roots integrally obtain nutrients from soil and are closely related to the growth and development of plants. In this study, the morphological analysis of rice root tissues collected at different time points under low-nitrogen and normal nitrogen conditions demonstrated that, compared with normal nitrogen treatment, the root growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice under low-nitrogen treatment were significantly improved. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the rice root system’s response to low-nitrogen conditions, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of rice seedling roots under low-nitrogen and control conditions was conducted in this study. As a result, 3171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Rice seedling roots enhance NUE and promote root development by regulating the genes related to nitrogen absorption and utilization, carbon metabolism, root growth and development, and phytohormones, thereby adapting to low-nitrogen conditions. A total of 25,377 genes were divided into 14 modules using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Two modules were significantly associated with nitrogen absorption and utilization. A total of 8 core genes and 43 co-expression candidates related to nitrogen absorption and utilization were obtained in these two modules. Further studies on these genes will contribute to the understanding of low-nitrogen adaptation and nitrogen utilization mechanisms in rice.
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Gutiérrez N, Pégard M, Balko C, Torres AM. Genome-wide association analysis for drought tolerance and associated traits in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1091875. [PMID: 36818887 PMCID: PMC9928957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important high protein legume adapted to diverse climatic conditions with multiple benefits for the overall sustainability of the cropping systems. Plant-based protein demand is being expanded and faba bean is a good candidate to cover this need. However, the crop is very sensitive to abiotic stresses, especially drought, which severely affects faba bean yield and development worldwide. Therefore, identifying genes associated with drought stress tolerance is a major challenge in faba bean breeding. Although the faba bean response to drought stress has been widely studied, the molecular approaches to improve drought tolerance in this crop are still limited. Here we built on recent genomic advances such as the development of the first high-density SNP genotyping array, to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using thousands of genetic polymorphisms throughout the entire faba bean genome. A worldwide collection of 100 faba bean accessions was grown under control and drought conditions and 10 morphological, phenological and physiological traits were evaluated to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with drought tolerance. We identified 29 SNP markers significantly correlated with these traits under drought stress conditions. The flanking sequences were blasted to the Medicago truncatula reference genomes in order to annotate potential candidate genes underlying the causal variants. Three of the SNPs for chlorophyll content after the stress, correspond to uncharacterized proteins indicating the presence of novel genes associated with drought tolerance in faba bean. The significance of stress-inducible signal transducers provides valuable information on the possible mechanisms underlying the faba bean response to drought stress, thus providing a foundation for future marker-assisted breeding in the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gutiérrez
- Área de Mejora y Biotecnología, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marie Pégard
- INRAE P3F, 86600 Lusignan, France, INRA, Centre Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Poitiers, Lusignan, France
| | - Christiane Balko
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Ana M. Torres
- Área de Mejora y Biotecnología, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
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Zhou M, Zhao B, Li H, Ren W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhao J. Comprehensive analysis of MAPK cascade genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) reveals SbMPK14 as a potential target for drought sensitivity regulation. Genomics 2022; 114:110311. [PMID: 35176445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a crucial role in regulating many important biological processes in plants. Here, we identified and characterized eight MAPKK and 49 MAPKKK genes in sorghum and analyzed their differential expression under drought treatment; we also characterized 16 sorghum MAPK genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 10 MAPK cascade genes were involved in drought stress response at the transcriptome level in sorghum. Overexpression of SbMPK14 in Arabidopsis and maize resulted in hypersensitivity to drought by promoting water loss, indicating that SbMPK14 functions as a negative regulator of the drought response. Subsequent transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR verification of maize SbMPK14 overexpression lines revealed that SbMPK14 likely increases plant drought sensitivity by suppressing the activity of specific ERF and WRKY transcription factors. This comprehensive study provides valuable insight into the mechanistic basis of MAPK cascade gene function and their responses to drought in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyi Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Hanshuai Li
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China.
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Liu R, Vasupalli N, Hou D, Stalin A, Wei H, Zhang H, Lin X. Genome-wide identification and evolution of WNK kinases in Bambusoideae and transcriptional profiling during abiotic stress in Phyllostachys edulis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12718. [PMID: 35070502 PMCID: PMC8761366 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With-no-lysine (WNK) kinases play vital roles in abiotic stress response, circadian rhythms, and regulation of flowering time in rice, Arabidopsis, and Glycine max. However, there are no previous reports of WNKs in the Bambusoideae, although genome sequences are available for diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid bamboo species. In the present study, we identified 41 WNK genes in five bamboo species and analysed gene evolution, phylogenetic relationship, physical and chemical properties, cis-elements, and conserved motifs. We predicted the structure of PeWNK proteins of moso bamboo and determined the exposed, buried, structural and functional amino acids. Real-time qPCR analysis revealed that PeWNK5, PeWNK7, PeWNK8, and PeWNK11 genes are involved in circadian rhythms. Analysis of gene expression of different organs at different developmental stages revealed that PeWNK genes are tissue-specific. Analysis of various abiotic stress transcriptome data (drought, salt, SA, and ABA) revealed significant gene expression levels in all PeWNKs except PeWNK11. In particular, PeWNK8 and PeWNK9 were significantly down- and up-regulated, respectively, after abiotic stress treatment. A co-expression network of PeWNK genes also showed that PeWNK2, PeWNK4, PeWNK7, and PeWNK8 were co-expressed with transcriptional regulators related to abiotic stress. In conclusion, our study identified the PeWNKs of moso bamboo involved in circadian rhythms and abiotic stress response. In addition, this study serves as a guide for future functional genomic studies of the WNK genes of the Bambusoideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- RongXiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naresh Vasupalli
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hantian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huicong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
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Saddhe AA, Karle SB, Aftab T, Kumar K. With no lysine kinases: the key regulatory networks and phytohormone cross talk in plant growth, development and stress response. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2097-2109. [PMID: 34110446 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With No Lysine kinases (WNKs) are a distinct family of Serine/Threonine protein kinase with unique arrangement of catalytic residues in kinase domain. In WNK, an essential catalytic lysine requisite for attaching ATP and phosphorylation reaction is located in subdomain I, instead of subdomain II, which is essentially a typical feature of other Ser/Thr kinases. WNKs are identified in diverse organisms including multicellular and unicellular organisms. Mammalian WNKs are well characterized at structural and functional level, while plant WNKs are not explored much except few recent studies. Plant WNKs role in various physiological processes viz. ion maintenance, osmotic stress, pH homeostasis, circadian rhythms, regulation of flowering time, proliferation and organ development, and abiotic stresses are known, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Plant WNKs are known to be involved in enhanced drought and salt stress response via ABA-signaling pathway, but the complete signaling cascade is yet to be elucidated. The current review will discuss the interplay between WNKs and growth regulators and their cross talks in plant growth and development. We have also highlighted the link between the stress phytohormones and WNK members in regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. The present review will provide an overall known mechanism on the involvement of WNKs in plant growth and development and abiotic stress response and highlight its role/applications in the development of stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403 726, India
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Suhas Balasaheb Karle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403 726, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403 726, India.
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Li Z, Fu Y, Shen J, Liang J. Upstream Open Reading Frame Mediated Translation of WNK8 Is Required for ABA Response in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910683. [PMID: 34639024 PMCID: PMC8509022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With no lysine (K) (WNK) kinases comprise a family of serine/threonine kinases belonging to an evolutionary branch of the eukaryotic kinome. These special kinases contain a unique active site and are found in a wide range of eukaryotes. The model plant Arabidopsis has been reported to have 11 WNK members, of which WNK8 functions as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Here, we found that the expression of WNK8 is post-transcriptionally regulated through an upstream open reading frame (uORF) found in its 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR). This uORF has been predicted to encode a conserved peptide named CPuORF58 in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The analysis of the published ribosome footprinting studies and the study of the frameshift CPuORF58 peptide with altered repression capability suggested that this uORF causes ribosome stalling. Plants transformed with the native WNK8 promoter driving WNK8 expression were comparable with wild-type plants, whereas the plants transformed with a similar construct with mutated CPuORF58 start codon were less sensitive to ABA. In addition, WNK8 and its downstream target RACK1 were found to synergistically coordinate ABA signaling rather than antagonistically modulating glucose response and flowering in plants. Collectively, these results suggest that the WNK8 expression must be tightly regulated to fulfill the demands of ABA response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinyu Shen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.F.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.L.)
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Manuka R, Saddhe AA, Srivastava AK, Kumar K, Penna S. Overexpression of rice OsWNK9 promotes arsenite tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. J Biotechnol 2021; 332:114-125. [PMID: 33864842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are involved in the transfer of phosphate group to serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of a target protein. With No Lysine (WNK) kinase is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which has conserved catalytic lysine (K) residue in subdomain I instead of being in subdomain II.The WNKs family members in plants are stress inducible and have been validated for their role in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, we have characterized Arabidopsis overexpressed lines of OsWNK9 regulated by the constitutive promoter under arsenite stress. Moreover, we have performed In silico expression analysis of OsWNK9 under nutrient deficiency and heavy metal stress. Three independent transgenic Arabidopsis (OsWNK9-OX T11, T12,andT13) lines showed tolerance to arsenite stress compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Under arsenite stress, transgenic lines T11, T12 and T13 showed 56.46, 57.8 and 51.66 % increased biomass respectively, as compared to WT plants. All three ArabidopsisOsWNK9-OX lines exhibited higher proline content, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and lower hydrogen peroxide levels under arsenite stress. Besides, the total antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging percentage was increased by 8-15 % in three independent OsWNK9-OX lines compared with those of WT plants. Protein-protein interaction analysis of OsWNK9 predicted interaction partners with protein kinase and oxidative stress-responsive protein. Co-expression analysis of OsWNK9 in phosphate deficiency and arsenate stress condition predicted various proteins including membrane transporter and transcription factors. Taken together, our results, for the first time, provide evidence that OsWNK9 could positively mediate arsenite stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Manuka
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400084, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India; Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India; Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400084, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India.
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400084, India.
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Hageman A, Van Volkenburgh E. Sink Strength Maintenance Underlies Drought Tolerance in Common Bean. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030489. [PMID: 33807580 PMCID: PMC8001466 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drought is a major limiter of yield in common bean, decreasing food security for those who rely on it as an important source of protein. While drought can have large impacts on yield by reducing photosynthesis and therefore resources availability, source strength is not a reliable indicator of yield. One reason resource availability does not always translate to yield in common bean is because of a trait inherited from wild ancestors. Wild common bean halts growth and seed filling under drought and awaits better conditions to resume its developmental program. This trait has been carried into domesticated lines, where it can result in strong losses of yield in plants already producing pods and seeds, especially since many domesticated lines were bred to have a determinate growth habit. This limits the plants ability to produce another flush of flowers, even if the first set is aborted. However, some bred lines are able to maintain higher yields under drought through maintaining growth and seed filling rates even under water limitations, unlike their wild predecessors. We believe that maintenance of sink strength underlies this ability, since plants which fill seeds under drought maintain growth of sinks generally, and growth of sinks correlates strongly with yield. Sink strength is determined by a tissue’s ability to acquire resources, which in turn relies on resource uptake and metabolism in that tissue. Lines which achieve higher yields maintain higher resource uptake rates into seeds and overall higher partitioning efficiencies of total biomass to yield. Drought limits metabolism and resource uptake through the signaling molecule abscisic acid (ABA) and its downstream affects. Perhaps lines which maintain higher sink strength and therefore higher yields do so through decreased sensitivity to or production of ABA.
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Dossa K, Mmadi MA, Zhou R, Liu A, Yang Y, Diouf D, You J, Zhang X. Ectopic expression of the sesame MYB transcription factor SiMYB305 promotes root growth and modulates ABA-mediated tolerance to drought and salt stresses in Arabidopsis. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plz081. [PMID: 32099638 PMCID: PMC7019004 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of candidate genes related to abiotic stress tolerance are being discovered and proposed to improve the existing cultivars of the high oil-bearing crop sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). However, the in planta functional validation of these genes is remarkably lacking. In this study, we cloned a novel sesame R2-R3 MYB gene SiMYB75 which is strongly induced by drought, sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA) and mannitol. SiMYB75 is expressed in various sesame tissues, especially in root and its protein is predicted to be located in the nucleus. Ectopic over-expression of SiMYB75 in Arabidopsis notably promoted root growth and improved plant tolerance to drought, NaCl and mannitol treatments. Furthermore, SiMYB75 over-expressing lines accumulated higher content of ABA than wild-type plants under stresses and also increased sensitivity to ABA. Physiological analyses revealed that SiMYB75 confers abiotic stress tolerance by promoting stomatal closure to reduce water loss; inducing a strong reactive oxygen species scavenging activity to alleviate cell damage and apoptosis; and also, up-regulating the expression levels of various stress-marker genes in the ABA-dependent pathways. Our data suggested that SiMYB75 positively modulates drought, salt and osmotic stresses responses through ABA-mediated pathways. Thus, SiMYB75 could be a promising candidate gene for the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop species including sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komivi Dossa
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No.2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, China
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar-Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
- Corresponding authors’ e-mail addresses: ;
| | - Marie A Mmadi
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No.2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, China
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar-Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Rong Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No.2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No.2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanxiao Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No.2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Diaga Diouf
- Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Département de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar-Fann, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Jun You
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No.2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, No.2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors’ e-mail addresses: ;
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Waadt R, Jawurek E, Hashimoto K, Li Y, Scholz M, Krebs M, Czap G, Hong-Hermesdorf A, Hippler M, Grill E, Kudla J, Schumacher K. Modulation of ABA responses by the protein kinase WNK8. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:339-351. [PMID: 30556127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates growth and developmental processes in response to limiting water conditions. ABA functions through a core signaling pathway consisting of PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs), and SnRK2-type protein kinases. Other signaling modules might converge with ABA signals through the modulation of core ABA signaling components. We have investigated the role of the protein kinase WNK8 in ABA signaling. WNK8 interacted with PP2CA and PYR1, phosphorylated PYR1 in vitro, and was dephosphorylated by PP2CA. A hypermorphic wnk8-ct Arabidopsis mutant allele suppressed ABA and glucose hypersensitivities of pp2ca-1 mutants during young seedling development, and WNK8 expression in protoplasts suppressed ABA-induced reporter gene expression. We conclude that WNK8 functions as a negative modulator of ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Jawurek
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gereon Czap
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne Hong-Hermesdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Erwin Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Cao-Pham AH, Urano D, Ross-Elliott TJ, Jones AM. Nudge-nudge, WNK-WNK (kinases), say no more? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:35-48. [PMID: 29949669 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 35 I Overview of animal and plant WNK kinases 35 II. Structure: domains and topology 36 III. Phylogeny-evolutionary relationships 41 IV. Plant WNK kinase distribution and regulation of WNK expression and activity 41 V. Functions of WNK family members in physiology and development 41 VI. Say no more? Still many questions to be answered 45 Acknowledgements 46 References 46 SUMMARY: WITH NO LYSINE (WNK) kinases are serine/threonine kinases uniquely characterized by an anomalous placement of a catalytic lysine, hence their moniker. In animals, WNK protein kinases play critical roles in protein trafficking of components that mediate renal ion transport processes and regulate osmoregulation of cell volume. In plants, the WNK kinase gene family is larger and more diverse. Recent studies revealed WNK kinase roles in orchestrating the trafficking of an ion channel, a lipid kinase complex in animals, and a heterotrimeric G protein signaling component in plants that is necessary for signal transduction. For this reason, new attention is geared toward investigating the mechanisms adopted by WNK kinases to nudge intracellular proteins to their destinations. In this review, the functions of WNK kinases in protein trafficking are derived from what we have learned from the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. To place this new idea in context, we provide the predicted WNK kinase structures, their predicted expression patterns, a speculated evolutionary pathway, and the regulatory roles of plant WNKs in transport processes and other physiologies. We brazenly predict that the WNK kinases in both plants and animals will soon be recognized as a nexus for trafficking-based signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H Cao-Pham
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Daisuke Urano
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Timothy J Ross-Elliott
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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14
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Manuka R, Saddhe AA, Kumar K. Expression of OsWNK9 in Arabidopsis conferred tolerance to salt and drought stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:58-71. [PMID: 29576087 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With No Lysine (WNK) kinase belongs to ser/thr protein kinase group in which conserved catalytic lysine (K) residue of subdomain II is shifted to subdomain I. In this study, we cloned full-length coding region of WNK9 from Oryza sativa (OsWNK9) and performed in silico studies to confirm the presence of all kinase signature regulatory elements. The transcript analysis revealed that OsWNK9 was strongly down regulated under salinity, drought and ABA stress in shoots. Constitutive expression of OsWNK9 in Arabidopsis thaliana imparted increased tolerance to salt, drought, and ABA stress. Transgenic lines showed healthy phenotypes such as green leaves, achieved higher fresh weight and longer roots under salt, drought and ABA stress as compared to wild-type (WT). Transgenic plants showed better seed germination, higher chlorophyll retention and less water loss under salt and drought stress compared to WT. Promoter/gene expression studies revealed that OsWNK9 were expressed throughout plant tissues with higher expression in roots. Subcellular localization studies of OsWNK9 showed their presence in the nucleus. The transcript analysis of abiotic stress marker genes and ABA dependent genes showed they were highly expressed in transgenic lines compared to WT in response to salt and drought stress. The endogenous ABA level under salt and drought stress in transgenic lines was higher than WT. The results indicated that OsWNK9 may regulate salt and drought response in ABA dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Manuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India.
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Yan J, Liao X, He R, Zhong M, Feng P, Li X, Tang D, Liu X, Zhao X. Ectopic expression of GA 2-oxidase 6 from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) causes dwarfism, late flowering and enhanced chlorophyll accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:10-19. [PMID: 27886559 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are endogenous hormones that play an important role in higher plant growth and development. GA2-oxidase (GA2ox) promotes catabolism and inactivation of bioactive GAs or their precursors. In this study, we identified the GA2-oxidase gene, BnGA2ox6, and found it to be highly expressed in the silique and flower. Overexpression of BnGA2ox6 in Arabidopsis resulted in GA-deficiency symptoms, including inhibited elongation of the hypocotyl and stem, delayed seed germination, and late flowering. BnGA2ox6 overexpression reduced silique growth, but had no effect on seed development. Additionally, BnGA2ox6 overexpression enhanced chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll accumulation, and downregulated mRNA expression levels of the CHL1 and RCCR genes, which are involved in the chlorophyll degradation. These findings suggest that BnGA2ox6 regulates plant hight, silique development, flowering and chlorophyll accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Yan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoying Liao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Reqing He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Panpan Feng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xinmei Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Dongying Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Manuka R, Saddhe AA, Kumar K. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of WNK kinase gene family in rice. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 59 Pt A:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Shi H, Ye T, Yang F, Chan Z. Arabidopsis PED2 positively modulates plant drought stress resistance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:796-806. [PMID: 25588806 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone that functions in seed germination, plant development, and multiple stress responses. Arabidopsis Peroxisome defective 2 (AtPED2) (also known as AtPEXOXIN14, AtPEX14), is involved in the intracellular transport of thiolase from the cytosol to glyoxysomes, and perosisomal matrix protein import in plants. In this study, we assigned a new role for AtPED2 in drought stress resistance. The transcript level of AtPED2 was downregulated by ABA and abiotic stress treatments. AtPED2 knockout mutants were insensitive to ABA-mediated seed germination, primary root elongation, and stomatal response, while AtPED2 over-expressing plants were sensitive to ABA in comparison to wide type (WT). AtPED2 also positively regulated drought stress resistance, as evidenced by the changes of water loss rate, electrolyte leakage, and survival rate. Notably, AtPED2 positively modulated expression of several stress-responsive genes (RAB18, RD22, RD29A, and RD29B), positively affected underlying antioxidant enzyme activities and negatively regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level under drought stress conditions. Moreover, multiple carbon metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and aromatic amines were also positively regulated by AtPED2. Taken together, these results indicated a positive role for AtPED2 in drought resistance, through modulation of stress-responsive genes expression, ROS metabolism, and metabolic homeostasis, at least partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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