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Wang YH, Zhao BY, Ye X, Du J, Song JL, Wang WJ, Huang XL, Ouyang KX, Zhang XQ, Liao FX, Zhong TX. Genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF gene family in Pennisetum glaucum and the negative role of PgRAV_01 in drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109112. [PMID: 39265240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
APETALA2/ethylene-responsive (AP2/ERF) plays crucial roles in resisting diverse stresses and in regulating plant growth and development. However, little is known regarding the structure and function of the AP2/ERF genes in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). The AP2/ERF gene family may be involved in the development and maintenance of P. glaucum resilience to abiotic stresses, central to its role as a vital forage and cereal crop. In this study, PgAP2/ERF family members were identified and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were performed, including determination of phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosomal localization, gene duplication, expression pattern, protein interaction network, and functional characterization of PgRAV_01 (Related to ABI3/VP1). In total, 78 PgAP2/ERF members were identified in the P. glaucum genome and classified into five subfamilies: AP2, ERF, DREB, RAV, and soloist. Members within the same clade of the PgAP2/ERF family showed similar gene structures and motif compositions. Six duplication events were identified in the PgAP2/ERF family; calculation of Ka/Ks values showed that purification selection dominated the evolution of PgAP2/ERFs. Subsequently, a potential interaction network of PgAP2/ERFs was generated to predict the interaction relationships. Additionally, abiotic stress expression analysis showed that most PgAP2/ERFs were induced in response to drought and heat stresses. Furthermore, overexpression of PgRAV_01 negatively regulated drought tolerance in Nicotiana benthamiana by reducing its antioxidant capacity and osmotic adjustment. Taken together, these results provide valuable insights into the characteristics and functions of PgAP2/ERF genes, with implications for abiotic stress tolerance, and will ultimately contribute to the genetic improvement of cereal crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bi-Yao Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Jian-Ling Song
- College of biology and chemistry, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kun-Xi Ouyang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Fei-Xiong Liao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Tian-Xiu Zhong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Tianhe, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Wang YH, Ye X, Zhao BY, Wang WJ, Zhou ZF, Zhang XQ, Du J, Song JL, Huang XL, Ouyang KX, Zhong TX, Liao FX. Comprehensive analysis of B3 family genes in pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) and the negative regulator role of PgRAV-04 in drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1400301. [PMID: 39135652 PMCID: PMC11317251 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1400301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Members of the plant-specific B3 transcription factor superfamily play crucial roles in various plant growth and developmental processes. Despite numerous valuable studies on B3 genes in other species, little is known about the B3 superfamily in pearl millet. Methods and results Here, through comparative genomic analysis, we identified 70 B3 proteins in pearl millet and categorized them into four subfamilies based on phylogenetic affiliations: ARF, RAV, LAV, and REM. We also mapped the chromosomal locations of these proteins and analyzed their gene structures, conserved motifs, and gene duplication events, providing new insights into their potential functional interactions. Using transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR, we determined that most PgB3 genes exhibit upregulated expression under drought and high-temperature stresses, indicating their involvement in stress response regulation. To delve deeper into the abiotic stress roles of the B3 family, we focused on a specific gene within the RAV subfamily, PgRAV-04, cloning it and overexpressing it in tobacco. PgRAV-04 overexpression led to increased drought sensitivity in the transgenic plants due to decreased proline levels and peroxidase activity. Discussion This study not only adds to the existing body of knowledge on the B3 family's characteristics but also advances our functional understanding of the PgB3 genes in pearl millet, reinforcing the significance of these factors in stress adaptation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Yao Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhou
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Jian-Ling Song
- College of biology and chemistry, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Xi Ouyang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xiu Zhong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grassland Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Xiong Liao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Q, Wang J, Yin Z, Pan Y, Mao W, Peng L, Guo X, Li B, Leng P. SlPP2C2 interacts with FZY/SAUR and regulates tomato development via signaling crosstalk of ABA and auxin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1073-1090. [PMID: 38795008 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling interacts frequently with auxin signaling when it regulates plant development, affecting multiple physiological processes; however, to the best of our knowledge, their interaction during tomato development has not yet been reported. Here, we found that type 2C protein phosphatase (SlPP2C2) interacts with both flavin monooxygenase FZY, an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthetic enzyme, and small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR) of an IAA signaling protein and regulates their activity, thereby affecting the expression of IAA-responsive genes. The expression level of SlPP2C2 was increased by exogenous ABA, IAA, NaCl, or dehydration treatment of fruits, leaves, and seeds, and it decreased in imbibed seeds. Manipulating SlPP2C2 with overexpression, RNA interference, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing resulted in pleiotropic changes, such as morphological changes in leaves, stem trichomes, floral organs and fruits, accompanied by alterations in IAA and ABA levels. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis indicated that SlPP2C2 regulates the expression of auxin-/IAA-responsive genes in different tissues of tomato. The results demonstrate that SlPP2C2-mediated ABA signaling regulates the development of both vegetative and reproductive organs via interaction with FZY/SAUR, which integrates the cross-talk of ABA and auxin signals during development and affects the expressions of development-related genes in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, The AGISCAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaonan Yin
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yingfang Pan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Liangyu Peng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Chen M, Li Z, He X, Zhang Z, Wang D, Cui L, Xie M, Zhao Z, Sun Q, Wang D, Dai J, Gong D. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals genes involved in trichome development and metabolism in tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:541. [PMID: 38872084 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glandular trichomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) can efficiently produce secondary metabolites. They act as natural bioreactors, and their natural products function to protect plants against insect-pests and pathogens and are also components of industrial chemicals. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of tobacco glandular trichome development and secondary metabolic regulation, glandular trichomes and glandless trichomes, as well as other different developmental tissues, were used for RNA sequencing and analysis. RESULTS By comparing glandless and glandular trichomes with other tissues, we obtained differentially expressed genes. They were obviously enriched in KEGG pathways, such as cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction. In particular, the expression levels of genes related to the terpenoid, flavonoid, and wax biosynthesis pathway mainly showed down-regulation in glandless trichomes, implying that they lack the capability to synthesize certain exudate compounds. Among the differentially expressed genes, 234 transcription factors were found, including AP2-ERFs, MYBs, bHLHs, WRKYs, Homeoboxes (HD-ZIP), and C2H2-ZFs. These transcription factor and genes that highly expressed in trichomes or specially expressed in GT or GLT. Following the overexpression of R2R3-MYB transcription factor Nitab4.5_0011760g0030.1 in tobacco, an increase in the number of branched glandular trichomes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level and an understanding of the regulatory pathways involved in glandular trichome development and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinxi He
- China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Luying Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minmin Xie
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Quan Sun
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Dahai Wang
- Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Jiameng Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, China , Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, China.
| | - Daping Gong
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Zhang K, Wang X, Chen X, Zhang R, Guo J, Wang Q, Li D, Shao L, Shi X, Han J, Liu Z, Xia Y, Zhang J. Establishment of a Homologous Silencing System with Intact-Plant Infiltration and Minimized Operation for Studying Gene Function in Herbaceous Peonies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4412. [PMID: 38673996 PMCID: PMC11050706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene function verification is a crucial step in studying the molecular mechanisms regulating various plant life activities. However, a stable and efficient homologous genetic transgenic system for herbaceous peonies has not been established. In this study, using virus-induced gene silencing technology (VIGS), a highly efficient homologous transient verification system with distinctive advantages was proposed, which not only achieves true "intact-plant" infiltration but also minimizes the operation. One-year-old roots of the representative species, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., were used as the materials; prechilling (4 °C) treatment for 3-5 weeks was applied as a critical precondition for P. lactiflora to acquire a certain chilling accumulation. A dormancy-related gene named HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 31 (PlHB31), believed to negatively regulate bud endodormancy release (BER), was chosen as the target gene in this study. GFP fluorescence was detected in directly infiltrated and newly developed roots and buds; the transgenic plantlets exhibited remarkably earlier budbreak, and PlHB31 was significantly downregulated in silenced plantlets. This study established a homologous transient silencing system featuring intact-plant infiltration and minimized manipulation for gene function research, and also offers technical support and serves as a theoretical basis for gene function discovery in numerous other geophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Runlong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junhong Guo
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, China;
| | - Jingtong Han
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150029, China;
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
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dos Santos AR, da Rocha GMG, Machado AP, Fernandes-Junior PI, Arriel NHC, Gondim TMDS, de Lima LM. Molecular and biochemical responses of sesame ( Sesame indicum L.) to rhizobacteria inoculation under water deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1324643. [PMID: 38304453 PMCID: PMC10830787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Water scarcity is a challenge for sesame cultivation under rainfed conditions. In this scenario, a potential strategy to alleviate the water deficit is the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria. The objective of this study was to analyze the interaction of rhizobacteria with sesame cultivation under water deficit conditions. Methods An experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse using the BRS Morena sesame cultivar. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme: 2 (irrigation regimes - daily irrigation and water deficit by suspending irrigation until 90% stomatal closure) x 6 (treatments with nitrogen or inoculants), with 5 replications. The types of fertilization were characterized by the addition of nitrogen (ammonium sulfate; 21% N), inoculants based on Bacillus spp. (pant001, ESA 13, and ESA 402), Agrobacterium sp. (ESA 441), and without nitrogen (control). On the fifth day after the suspension of irrigation, plant material was collected for gene expression analysis (DREB1 and HDZ7), activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase), relative proline content, and photosynthetic pigments. At the end of the crop cycle (about 85 days), production characteristics (root dry matter, aboveground dry matter, number of capsules, and thousand seed weight), as well as leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, were evaluated. Results and Discussion There was a positive effect on both production and biochemical characteristics (proline, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and photosynthetic pigments). Regarding gene expression, most of the inoculated treatments exhibited increased expression of the DREB1 and HDZ7 genes. These biological indicators demonstrate the potential of rhizobacteria for application in sesame cultivation, providing nutritional supply and reducing the effects of water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Reges dos Santos
- Master’s Degree in Agricultural Sciences, State University of Paraiba (UEPB), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Chen X, Cornille A, An N, Xing L, Ma J, Zhao C, Wang Y, Han M, Zhang D. The East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder., are additional contributors to the genomes of cultivated European and Chinese varieties. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5125-5139. [PMID: 35510734 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The domestication process in long-lived plant perennials differs dramatically from that of annuals, with a huge amount of genetic exchange between crop and wild populations. Though apple is a major fruit crop grown worldwide, the contribution of wild apple species to the genetic makeup of the cultivated apple genome remains a topic of intense study. We used population genomics approaches to investigate the contributions of several wild apple species to European and Chinese rootstock and dessert genomes, with a focus on the extent of wild-crop gene flow. Population genetic structure inferences revealed that the East Asian wild apples, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and M. hupehensis (Pamp.), form a single panmictic group, and that the European dessert and rootstock apples form a specific gene pool whereas the Chinese dessert and rootstock apples were a mixture of three wild gene pools, suggesting different evolutionary histories of European and Chinese apple varieties. Coalescent-based inferences and gene flow estimates indicated that M. baccata - M. hupehensis contributed to the genome of both European and Chinese cultivated apples through wild-to-crop introgressions, and not as an initial contributor as previously supposed. We also confirmed the contribution through wild-to-crop introgressions of Malus sylvestris Mill. to the cultivated apple genome. Apple tree domestication is therefore one example in woody perennials that involved gene flow from several wild species from multiple geographical areas. This study provides an example of a complex protracted process of domestication in long-lived plant perennials, and is a starting point for apple breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amandine Cornille
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Na An
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Libo Xing
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Larriba E, Nicolás-Albujer M, Sánchez-García AB, Pérez-Pérez JM. Identification of Transcriptional Networks Involved in De Novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16112. [PMID: 36555756 PMCID: PMC9788163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the hormone crosstalk and transcription factors (TFs) involved in wound-induced organ regeneration have been extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In previous work, we established Solanum lycopersicum "Micro-Tom" explants without the addition of exogenous hormones as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation. The current working model indicates that cell reprogramming and founder cell activation requires spatial and temporal regulation of auxin-to-cytokinin (CK) gradients in the apical and basal regions of the hypocotyl combined with extensive metabolic reprogramming of some cells in the apical region. In this work, we extended our transcriptomic analysis to identify some of the gene regulatory networks involved in wound-induced organ regeneration in tomato. Our results highlight a functional conservation of key TF modules whose function is conserved during de novo organ formation in plants, which will serve as a valuable resource for future studies.
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Wang D, Gong Y, Li Y, Nie S. Genome-wide analysis of the homeodomain-leucine zipper family in Lotus japonicus and the overexpression of LjHDZ7 in Arabidopsis for salt tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955199. [PMID: 36186025 PMCID: PMC9515785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) family participates in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Here, 40 HD-Zip transcription factors of Lotus japonicus were identified and gave an overview of the phylogeny and gene structures. The expression pattern of these candidate genes was determined in different organs and their response to abiotic stresses, including cold, heat, polyethylene glycol and salinity. The expression of the LjHDZ7 was strongly induced by abiotic stress, especially salt stress. Subsequently, LjHDZ7 gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants grew obviously better than Col-0 plants under salt stress. Furthermore, LjHDZ7 transgenic lines accumulated higher proline contents and showed lower electrolyte leakage and MDA contents than Col-0 plants under salt stress. Antioxidant activities of the LjHDZ7 overexpression lines leaf were significantly higher than those of the Col-0 plants under salt stress. The concentration of Na+ ion in LjHDZ7 overexpression lines was significantly lower than that of Col-0 in leaf and root parts. The concentration of K+ ion in LjHDZ7 overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of Col-0 in the leaf parts. Therefore, these results showed that overexpression of LjHDZ7 increased resistance to salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and certain genes of this family can be used as valuable tools for improving abiotic stresses.
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Han G, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang B. Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Trichome Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910228. [PMID: 35720574 PMCID: PMC9198495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes, protrusions formed from specialized aboveground epidermal cells, provide protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Trichomes can be unicellular, bicellular or multicellular, with multiple branches or no branches at all. Unicellular trichomes are generally not secretory, whereas multicellular trichomes include both secretory and non-secretory hairs. The secretory trichomes release secondary metabolites such as artemisinin, which is valuable as an antimalarial agent. Cotton trichomes, also known as cotton fibers, are an important natural product for the textile industry. In recent years, much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossypium hirsutum, Oryza sativa, Cucumis sativus, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, and Artemisia annua. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying fate determination and initiation, elongation, and maturation of unicellular, bicellular and multicellular trichomes in several representative plants. We emphasize the regulatory roles of plant hormones, transcription factors, the cell cycle and epigenetic modifications in different stages of trichome development. Finally, we identify the obstacles and key points for future research on plant trichome development, and speculated the development relationship between the salt glands of halophytes and the trichomes of non-halophytes, which provides a reference for future studying the development of plant epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongran Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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11
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Wang Y, Zhou Q, Meng Z, Abid MA, Wang Y, Wei Y, Guo S, Zhang R, Liang C. Multi-Dimensional Molecular Regulation of Trichome Development in Arabidopsis and Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:892381. [PMID: 35463426 PMCID: PMC9021843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.892381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant trichomes are specialized epidermal cells that are widely distributed on plant aerial tissues. The initiation and progression of trichomes are controlled in a coordinated sequence of multiple molecular events. During the past decade, major breakthroughs in the molecular understanding of trichome development were achieved through the characterization of various trichomes defective mutants and trichome-associated genes, which revealed a highly complex molecular regulatory network underlying plant trichome development. This review focuses on the recent millstone in plant trichomes research obtained using genetic and molecular studies, as well as 'omics' analyses in model plant Arabidopsis and fiber crop cotton. In particular, we discuss the latest understanding and insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of trichomes formation at multiple dimensions, including at the chromatin, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. We summarize that the integration of multi-dimensional trichome-associated genes will enable us to systematically understand the molecular regulation network that landscapes the development of the plant trichomes. These advances will enable us to address the unresolved questions regarding the molecular crosstalk that coordinate concurrent and ordered the changes in cotton fiber initiation and progression, together with their possible implications for genetic improvement of cotton fiber.
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12
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Gao S, Li N, Niran J, Wang F, Yin Y, Yu C, Jiao C, Yang C, Yao M. Transcriptome profiling of Capsicum annuum using Illumina- and PacBio SMRT-based RNA-Seq for in-depth understanding of genes involved in trichome formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10164. [PMID: 33986344 PMCID: PMC8119447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomes, specialized epidermal cells located in aerial parts of plants, play indispensable roles in resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the regulatory genes essential for multicellular trichrome development in Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) remain unclear. In this study, the transcript profiles of peppers GZZY-23 (hairy) and PI246331 (hairless) were investigated to gain insights into the genes responsible for the formation of multicellular trichomes. A total of 40,079 genes, including 4743 novel genes and 13,568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the most noticeable pathways were transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, and plant hormone signal transduction, which might be critical for multicellular trichome formation in hairy plants. We screened 11 DEGs related to trichome development; 151 DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction; 312 DEGs belonging to the MYB, bHLH, HD-Zip, and zinc finger transcription factor families; and 1629 DEGs predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs). Most of these DEGs were highly expressed in GZZY-23 or trichomes. Several homologs of trichome regulators, such as SlCycB2, SlCycB3, and H, were considerably upregulated in GZZY-23, especially in the trichomes. The transcriptomic data generated in this study provide a basis for future characterization of trichome formation in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | | | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanxu Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chuying Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Minghua Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Hua B, Chang J, Xu Z, Han X, Xu M, Yang M, Yang C, Ye Z, Wu S. HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN8 mediates jasmonate-triggered trichome elongation in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1063-1077. [PMID: 33474772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones can adjust the physiology and development of plants to enhance their adaptation to biotic and abiotic challenges. Jasmonic acid (JA), one of the immunity hormones in plants, triggers genome-wide transcriptional changes in response to insect attack and wounding. Although JA is known to affect the development of trichomes, epidermal appendages that form a protective barrier against various stresses, it remains unclear how JA interacts with developmental programs that regulate trichome development. In this study, we show that JA affects trichome length in tomato by releasing the transcriptional repression mediated by Jasmonate ZIM (JAZ) proteins. We identified SlJAZ4, a negative regulator preferentially expressed in trichomes, as the critical component in JA signaling in tomato trichomes. We also identified a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene, SlHD8, as the downstream regulator of JA signaling that promotes trichome elongation. SlHD8 is also highly expressed in trichomes and physically interacts with SlJAZ4. Loss-of-function mutations in SlHD8 caused shorter trichomes, a phenotype that was only partially rescued by methyl jasmonate treatment. Our dual-luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR assays revealed that SlHD8 regulates trichome elongation by directly binding to the promoters of a set of cell-wall-loosening protein genes and activating their transcription. Together, our findings define SlHD8-SlJAZ4 as a key module mediating JA-induced trichome elongation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhijing Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Han
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meina Yang
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of the HD-ZIP Gene Family in Response to Salt Stress in Pepper. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:8105124. [PMID: 33604369 PMCID: PMC7869415 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HD-ZIP is a unique type of transcription factor in plants, which are closely linked to the regulation of plant growth and development, the response to abiotic stress, and disease resistance. However, there is little known about the HD-ZIP gene family of pepper. In this study, 40 HD-ZIP family members were analyzed in the pepper genome. The analysis indicated that the introns number of Ca-HD-ZIP varied from 1 to 17; the number of amino acids was between 119 and 841; the theoretical isoelectric point was between 4.54 and 9.85; the molecular weight was between 14.04 and 92.56; most of them were unstable proteins. The phylogenetic tree divided CaHD-ZIP into 4 subfamilies; 40 CaHD-ZIP genes were located on different chromosomes, and all of them contained the motif 1; two pairs of CaHD-ZIP parallel genes of six paralogism genes were fragment duplications which occurred in 58.28~88.24 million years ago. There were multiple pressure-related action elements upstream of the start codon of the HD-Z-IP family. Protein interaction network proved to be coexpression phenomenon between ATML1 (CaH-DZ22, CaHDZ32) and At4g048909 (CaHDZ12, CaHDZ31), and three regions of them were highly homology. The expression level of CaHD-ZIP gene was different with tissues and developmental stages, which suggested that CaHD-ZIP may be involved in biological functions during pepper progress. In addition, Pepper HD-ZIP I and II genes played a major role in salt stress. CaHDZ03, CaHDZ 10, CaHDZ17, CaHDZ25, CaHDZ34, and CaHDZ35 were significantly induced in response to salt stress. Notably, the expression of CaHDZ07, CaHDZ17, CaHDZ26, and CaHDZ30, homologs of Arabidopsis AtHB12 and AtHB7 genes, was significantly upregulated by salt stresses. CaHDZ03 possesses two closely linked ABA action elements, and its expression level increased significantly at 4 h under salt stress. qRT-P-CR and transcription analysis showed that the expression of CaHDZ03 and CaHDZ10 was upregulated under short-term salt stress, but CaHDZ10 was downregulated with long-term salt stress, which provided a theoretical basis for research the function of Ca-HDZIP in response to abiotic stress.
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Xie Q, Gao Y, Li J, Yang Q, Qu X, Li H, Zhang J, Wang T, Ye Z, Yang C. The HD-Zip IV transcription factor SlHDZIV8 controls multicellular trichome morphology by regulating the expression of Hairless-2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7132-7145. [PMID: 32930788 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal appendages that serve as excellent models to study cell morphogenesis. Although the molecular mechanism underlying trichome morphogenesis in Arabidopsis has been well characterized, most of the regulators essential for multicellular trichome morphology remain unknown in tomato. In this study, we determined that the recessive hairless-2 (hl-2) mutation in tomato causes severe distortion of all trichome types, along with increased stem fragility. Using map-based cloning, we found that the hl-2 phenotype was associated with a 100 bp insertion in the coding region of Nck-associated protein 1, a component of the SCAR/WAVE complex. Direct protein-protein interaction was detected between Hl-2 and Hl (SRA1, specifically Rac1-associated protein) using yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays, suggesting that these proteins may work together during trichome formation. In addition, knock-down of a HD-Zip IV transcription factor, HDZIPIV8, distorted trichomes similar to the hl-2 mutant. HDZIPIV8 regulates the expression of Hl-2 by binding to the L1-box in the Hl-2 promoter region, and is involved in organizing actin filaments. The brittleness of hl-2 stems was found to result from decreased cellulose content. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Hl-2 gene plays an important role in controlling multicellular trichome morphogenesis and mechanical properties of stems in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanna Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Xiong C, Xie Q, Yang Q, Sun P, Gao S, Li H, Zhang J, Wang T, Ye Z, Yang C. WOOLLY, interacting with MYB transcription factor MYB31, regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis by modulating CER6 expression in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:323-337. [PMID: 32129912 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular waxes play a crucial role not only in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, but also in the quality and storability of fruits, such as the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Although the biosynthetic pathways of waxes have been extensively characterized, the regulatory mechanisms underlying wax biosynthesis in tomato remain largely unclear. Here, we show that Woolly (Wo), a multicellular trichome regulator, is involved in modulating wax biosynthesis in tomato. Wo enhances the expression of the wax biosynthetic genes SlCER6, SlKCR1, and SlPAS2, and the wax transporter gene SlLTP, and thereby promotes wax accumulation. Furthermore, Wo directly binds to the L1-box in the promoter of SlCER6, an essential element of the very-long-chain fatty acid elongase complex. Intriguingly, overexpression (OE) or knock-down of SlMYB31, an MYB transcription factor that physically interacts with Wo in vivo and in vitro, produces marked changes in wax composition, and whereas Wo knock-down inhibits wax accumulation in SlMYB31-OE lines, SlMYB31 knock-down inhibits wax accumulation in Wo-OE lines, implying that these two genes function in the same pathway. Lastly, SlCER6 expression is induced by abscisic acid in a manner that is partially dependent on Wo. These results demonstrate that Wo and SlMYB31 cooperatively control tomato cuticular wax biosynthesis by regulating the expression of SlCER6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingmin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengya Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhang H, Ma X, Li W, Niu D, Wang Z, Yan X, Yang X, Yang Y, Cui H. Genome-wide characterization of NtHD-ZIP IV: different roles in abiotic stress response and glandular Trichome induction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:444. [PMID: 31651252 PMCID: PMC6814048 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-specific homeodomain-leucine zipper class IV (HD-ZIP IV) gene family has been involved in the regulation of epidermal development. RESULTS Fifteen genes coding for HD-ZIP IV proteins were identified (NtHD-ZIP-IV-1 to NtHD-ZIP-IV-15) based on the genome of N. tabacum. Four major domains (HD, ZIP, SAD and START) were present in these proteins. Tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that NtHD-ZIP-IV-1, - 2, - 3, - 10, and - 12 may be associated with trichome development; NtHD-ZIP-IV-8 was expressed only in cotyledons; NtHD-ZIP-IV-9 only in the leaf and stem epidermis; NtHD-ZIP-IV-11 only in leaves; and NtHD-ZIP-IV-15 only in the root and stem epidermis. We found that jasmonates may induce the generation of glandular trichomes, and that NtHD-ZIP-IV-1, - 2, - 5, and - 7 were response to MeJA treatment. Dynamic expression under abiotic stress and after application of phytohormones indicated that most NtHD-ZIP IV genes were induced by heat, cold, salt and drought. Furthermore, most of these genes were induced by gibberellic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and salicylic acid, but were inhibited by abscisic acid. NtHD-ZIP IV genes were sensitive to heat, but insensitive to osmotic stress. CONCLUSION NtHD-ZIP IV genes are implicated in a complex regulatory gene network controlling epidermal development and abiotic stress responses. The present study provides evidence to elucidate the gene functions of NtHD-ZIP IVs during epidermal development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xudong Ma
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Dexin Niu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Hong Cui
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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18
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Wei M, Liu A, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li D, Dossa K, Zhou R, Zhang X, You J. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the HD-Zip gene family in response to drought and salinity stresses in sesame. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:748. [PMID: 31619177 PMCID: PMC6796446 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) gene family is one of the plant-specific transcription factor families, involved in plant development, growth, and in the response to diverse stresses. However, comprehensive analysis of the HD-Zip genes, especially those involved in response to drought and salinity stresses is lacking in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an important oil crop in tropical and subtropical areas. Results In this study, 45 HD-Zip genes were identified in sesame, and denominated as SiHDZ01-SiHDZ45. Members of SiHDZ family were classified into four groups (HD-Zip I-IV) based on the phylogenetic relationship of Arabidopsis HD-Zip proteins, which was further supported by the analysis of their conserved motifs and gene structures. Expression analyses of SiHDZ genes based on transcriptome data showed that the expression patterns of these genes were varied in different tissues. Additionally, we showed that at least 75% of the SiHDZ genes were differentially expressed in responses to drought and salinity treatments, and highlighted the important role of HD-Zip I and II genes in stress responses in sesame. Conclusions This study provides important information for functional characterization of stress-responsive HD-Zip genes and may contribute to the better understanding of the molecular basis of stress tolerance in sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Special Economic Crop Research Center of Shandon Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Cotton Research Center, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Li W, Dong J, Cao M, Gao X, Wang D, Liu B, Chen Q. Genome-wide identification and characterization of HD-ZIP genes in potato. Gene 2019; 697:103-117. [PMID: 30776460 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HD-ZIP (Homeodomain leucine zipper) transcription factors play an important regulatory role in stress resistance in plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the HD-ZIP genes/proteins and to study their expression profiles under high and low temperature conditions in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). A strict homology search was used to find 43 HD-ZIP genes located on potato chromosomes 1-12. Exons/introns, protein features and conserved motifs were analyzed, and six segment duplications were identified from 43 HD-ZIP genes. Then, we analyzed the data from the PGSC (Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium) database regarding the expression of 43 HD-ZIP genes that were induced by biotic and abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments and conducted an expression analysis for these genes across all potato life stages. Additionally, the expression levels of 13 HD-ZIP genes were analyzed under high temperature (37 °C) and low temperature (4 °C) conditions. The results showed that the transcript levels of all 13 genes changed, which indicated that these genes respond to heat and cold in plants. Especially for StHOX20, the expression significantly upregulated in roots at 37 °C and 4 °C. Our findings laid the foundation and provided clues for understanding the biological functions of HD-ZIP family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jieya Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianxian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Q, Niu Q, Li J, Zheng X, Ma Y, Bai S, Teng Y. PpHB22, a member of HD-Zip proteins, activates PpDAM1 to regulate bud dormancy transition in 'Suli' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia White Pear Group). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:355-365. [PMID: 29677681 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins, which form one of the largest and most diverse families, regulate many biological processes in plants, including differentiation, flowering, vascular development, and stress signaling. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been proved to be one of the key regulators of bud dormancy and to influence several HD-Zip genes expression. However, the role of HD-Zip genes in regulating bud dormancy remains unclear. We identified 47 pear (P. pyrifolia White Pear Group) HD-Zip genes, which were classified into four subfamilies (HD-Zip I-IV). We further revealed that gene expression levels of some HD-Zip members were closely related to ABA concentrations in flower buds during dormancy transition. Exogenous ABA treatment confirmed that PpHB22 and several other HD-Zip genes responded to ABA. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assay results combining subcellular localization showed that PpHB22 was present in nucleus and directly induced PpDAM1 (dormancy associated MADS-box 1) expression. Thus, PpHB22 is a negative regulator of plant growth associated with the ABA response pathway and functions upstream of PpDAM1. These findings enrich our understanding of the function of HD-Zip genes related to the bud dormancy transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianzhao Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Institute of Horticulture and Landscape, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Yunjing Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Songling Bai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, The Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Tiwari S, Lata C, Chauhan PS, Prasad V, Prasad M. A Functional Genomic Perspective on Drought Signalling and its Crosstalk with Phytohormone-mediated Signalling Pathways in Plants. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:469-482. [PMID: 29204077 PMCID: PMC5684651 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170605083319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that negatively influence crop performance and productivity. Plants acclimatize to drought stress conditions through altered molecular, biochemical and physiological responses. Gene and/or protein expression and regulation are thought to be modulated upon stress perception and signal transduction for providing requisite endurance to plants.Plant growth regulators or phytohormones are important molecules required for various biological processes in plants and are also central to stress signalling pathways. Among various phytohormones, Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Ethylene (ET) are considered to be the most vital growth regulators implicated in drought stress signalling and tolerance. Besides the above two known classical phytohormones, Salicylic Acid (SA) and Jasmonic Acid (JA) have also been found to potentially enhance abiotic stress tolerance particularly that of drought, salinity, and heat stress tolerance in plants. Apart from these several other growth regulators such as Cytokinins (CKs), Auxin (AUX), Gibberellic Acid (GA), Brassinosteroids (BRs) and Strigolactones (SLs) have also been reported to actively participate in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants. The abiotic stress signalling in plants regulated by these hormones further depends upon the nature, intensity, and duration of exposure to various environmental stresses. It has been reported that all these phytohormones are also involved in extensive crosstalk and signal transduction among themselves and/or with other factors. CONCLUSION This review thus summarizes the molecular mechanism of drought signalling and its crosstalk with various phytohormone signalling pathways implicated in abiotic stress response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Charu Lata
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Li Z, Zhang C, Guo Y, Niu W, Wang Y, Xu Y. Evolution and expression analysis reveal the potential role of the HD-Zip gene family in regulation of embryo abortion in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:744. [PMID: 28934927 PMCID: PMC5609062 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HD-Zip family has a diversity of functions during plant development. In this study, we identify 33 HD-Zip transcription factors in grape and detect their expressions in ovules and somatic embryos, as well as in various vegetative organs. RESULTS A genome-wide survey for HD-Zip transcription factors in Vitis was conducted based on the 12 X grape genome (V. vinifera L.). A total of 33 members were identified and classified into four subfamilies (I-IV) based on phylogeny analysis with Arabidopsis, rice and maize. VvHDZs in the same subfamily have similar protein motifs and intron/exon structures. An evaluation of duplication events suggests several HD-Zip genes arose before the divergence of the grape and Arabidopsis lineages. The 33 members of HD-Zip were differentially expressed in ovules of the stenospermic grape, Thompson Seedless and of the seeded grape, Pinot noir. Most have higher expressions during ovule abortion in Thompson Seedless. In addition, transcripts of the HD-Zip family were also detected in somatic embryogenesis of Thompson Seedless and in different vegetative organs of Thompson Seedless at varying levels. Additionally, VvHDZ28 is located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activity consistent with the typical features of the HD-Zip family. Our results provide a foundation for future grape HD-Zip gene function research. CONCLUSIONS The identification and expression profiles of the HD-Zip transcription factors in grape, reveal their diverse roles during ovule abortion and organ development. Our results lay a foundation for functional analysis of grape HDZ genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurui Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Weili Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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