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Cui T, Zang S, Sun X, Zhang J, Su Y, Wang D, Wu G, Chen R, Que Y, Lin Q, You C. Molecular identification and functional characterization of a transcription factor GeRAV1 from Gelsemium elegans. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:22. [PMID: 38166591 PMCID: PMC10759518 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gelsemium elegans is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant and temperature is one of the key factors affecting its growth. RAV (related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor plays multiple roles in higher plants, including the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress response. However, RAV transcription factor in G. elegans has not been reported. RESULTS In this study, three novel GeRAV genes (GeRAV1-GeRAV3) were identified from the transcriptome of G. elegans under low temperature stress. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GeRAV1-GeRAV3 proteins were clustered into groups II, IV, and V, respectively. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses indicated that the expression of GeRAV1 and GeRAV2 was increased in response to cold stress. Furthermore, the GeRAV1 gene was successfully cloned from G. elegans leaf. It encoded a hydrophilic, unstable, and non-secretory protein that contained both AP2 and B3 domains. The amino acid sequence of GeRAV1 protein shared a high similarity of 81.97% with Camptotheca acuminata CaRAV. Subcellular localization and transcriptional self-activation experiments demonstrated that GeRAV1 was a nucleoprotein without self-activating activity. The GeRAV1 gene was constitutively expressed in the leaves, stems, and roots of the G. elegans, with the highest expression levels in roots. In addition, the expression of the GeRAV1 gene was rapidly up-regulated under abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) stresses, suggesting that it may be involved in hormonal signaling pathways. Moreover, GeRAV1 conferred improved cold and sodium chloride tolerance in Escherichia coli Rosetta cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided a foundation for further understanding on the function and regulatory mechanism of the GeRAV1 gene in response to low-temperature stress in G. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shoujian Zang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinlu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- The Second People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China.
| | - Chuihuai You
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- The Second People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China.
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Xu S, Chen Q, Luo N, Yang J, Li D. Effects of age and tissue of Juniperus sabina L. on its phytochemical characteristics, anti-cholinesterase, antidiabetes, and anti-drug resistant bacteria activities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174922. [PMID: 37731973 PMCID: PMC10507269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Juniperus sabina L. is used in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) system to prevent or treat various diseases. However, only the leaves and branches are used as medicinal parts. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical characteristics of different tissues (leaves, branches, stems, and roots) of J. sabina at different ages by HPLC-MS and to evaluate the biological activity (enzyme inhibition, anti-drug-resistant bacteria). Total phenol (TPC) and total lignan (TLC) contents in J. sabina were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. High levels of total phenols (87.16 mg GAE/g dry weight) and total lignans (491.24 mg PPT/g dry weight) were detected in fifteen annual J. sabina roots and current year leaves, respectively. Eleven compounds, of which six were phenolic compounds and five were lignans, were identified and quantified by HPLC/HPLC-MS. Statistical analysis showed that the distribution and content of the detected compounds showed considerable variation among ages and tissues, and that the current year leaves of fifteen annual J. sabina could be used as a potential application site for the source of podophyllotoxin. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity was found to be the highest on the extracts of fifteen annual J. sabina current year leaves (47.37 μg/mL), while the highest inhibition towards butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was observed for the extracts of seven annual J. sabina previous year leaves (136.3 μg/mL). And the second annual J. sabina current year stem's extracts showed the best antidiabetic activity (anti-α-glucosidase, 62.59 μg/mL). In addition, the extracts of fifteen annual J. sabina roots (47.37 μg/mL) showed the highest anti-MRSA activity (31.25 μg/mL). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted to clarify the factors affecting the biological activity of J. sabina, and its results showed that epicatechin and matairesinol showed positive promotion. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the chemical differences and comprehensive utilization of different tissues of J. sabina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Luo
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dengwu Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Danaeipour Z, Garoosi G, Tohidfar M, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Mirjalili MH. Comprehensive RNA-Seq-based study and metabolite profiling to identify genes involved in podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in Linum album Kotschy ex Boiss. (Linaceae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:9219. [PMID: 37286620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Linum album is a well-known rich source of anticancer compounds, i.e., podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and other lignans. These compounds play an important role in the plant's defensive system. The RNA-Seq data of flax (L. usitatissimum) were analyzed under various biotic and abiotic stresses to comprehend better the importance of lignans in plant defense responses. Then, the association between the lignan contents and some related gene expressions was experimented with HPLC and qRT-PCR, respectively. Transcriptomic profiling showed a specific expression pattern in different organs, and just the commonly regulated gene EP3 was detected with a significant increase under all stresses. The in silico analysis of the PTOX biosynthesis pathway identified a list of genes, including laccase (LAC11), lactoperoxidase (POD), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase (SDH). These genes increased significantly under individual stresses. The HPLC analysis showed that the measured lignan contents generally increased under stress. In contrast, a quantitative expression of the genes involved in this pathway using qRT-PCR showed a different pattern that seems to contribute to regulating PTOX content in response to stress. Identified modifications of critical genes related to PTOX biosynthesis in response to multiple stresses can provide a baseline for improving PTOX content in L. album.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Danaeipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 3414916818, Iran
| | - Ghasemali Garoosi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 3414916818, Iran.
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Zhao Q, Dong M, Li M, Jin L, Paré PW. Light-Induced Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum with High-Altitude Adaptation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:575. [PMID: 36771657 PMCID: PMC9919621 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is a perennial alpine herb producing the anti-cancer metabolite podophyllotoxin (PPT). Although the adaptation of S. hexandrum to high altitudes has been demonstrated and the effects of temperature, precipitation, and UV-B light on plant growth and metabolite accumulation have been studied, knowledge on the role of flavonoid biosynthesis in adapting to high altitudes is limited. In this study, light intensity, amount and type of flavonoids, and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and genes (DEGs) at 2300 and 3300 m were analyzed by HPLC, proteomic, transcriptomic, and qRT-PCR analysis. We found that higher light intensity correlated with greater flavonoid, flavonol, and anthocyanin content as well as higher anthocyanin to total flavonoid and flavonol ratios observed at the higher altitude. Based on proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, nine DEPs and 41 DEGs were identified to be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and light response at 3300 m. The relative expression of nine genes (PAL, CHS1, IFRL, ANS, MYB4, BHLH137, CYP6, PPO1, and ABCB19) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and seven genes (HSP18.1, HSP70, UBC4, ERF5, ERF9, APX3, and EX2) involved in light stress were observed to be up-regulated at 3300 m compared with 2300 m. These findings indicate that light intensity may play a regulatory role in enhancing flavonoid accumulation that allows S. hexandrum to adapt to elevated-altitude coupled with high light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Miaoyin Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China
| | - Paul W. Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Shen S, Tong Y, Luo Y, Huang L, Gao W. Biosynthesis, total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of aryltetralin-type lignan podophyllotoxin and its derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1856-1875. [PMID: 35913409 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00028h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Podophyllotoxin (PTOX, 1), a kind of aryltetralin-type lignan, was first discovered in the plant Podophyllum peltatum and its structure was clarified by W. Borsche and J. Niemann in 1932. Due to its potent anti-cancer and anti-viral activities, it is considered one of the molecules most likely to be developed into modern drugs. With the increasing market demand and insufficient storage of natural resources, it is crucial to expand the sources of PTOXs. The original extraction method from plants has gradually failed to meet the requirements, and the biosynthesis and total synthesis have become the forward-looking alternatives. As key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of PTOXs and their catalytic mechanisms being constantly revealed, it is possible to realize the heterogeneous biosynthesis of PTOXs in the future. Chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis also provide schemes for strictly controlling the asymmetric configuration of the tetracyclic core. Currently, the pharmacological activities of some PTOX derivatives have been extensively studied, laying the foundation for clinical candidate drugs. This review focuses primarily on the latest research progress in the biosynthesis, total synthesis, and pharmacological activities of PTOX and its derivatives, providing a more comprehensive understanding of these widely used compounds and supporting the future search for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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6
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Liu X, Luo M, Li M, Wei J. Depicting Precise Temperature and Duration of Vernalization and Inhibiting Early Bolting and Flowering of Angelica sinensis by Freezing Storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853444. [PMID: 35665180 PMCID: PMC9161173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis is a perennial rhizomatous herb that is widely used for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, which largely rely on metabolites, such as alkylphthalides, polysaccharides, and ferulic acid. This plant must experience low-temperature vernalization and long-day conditions for the occurrence of early bolting and flowering (EBF) that reduces yield and quality of fleshy root. In current commercial planting, the EBF of more than 40% is mainly attributed to the completion of vernalization of seedlings during overwinter storage. While effects of storage temperatures [vernalization temperature (0-10°C) and freezing temperature (-2 to -12°C)] and seedling sizes on the EBF have been observed in previous studies, the precise vernalization temperature and duration for different size seedlings, the effective freezing storage to avoid vernalization of seedlings, and physiological characteristics have not been systematically investigated. Here, the EBF rate, the anatomical structure of shoot apical meristem (SAM), and physiological characteristics of different size seedlings at different storage temperatures (0, 3, 5, -3, and -5°C) and durations (14-125 d) are reported. The vernalization duration of seedlings was predicated from 57 to 85 d with temperatures ranging from 0 to 5°C based on the linearization regression analysis via Matrix Laboratory software. The EBF can be effectively inhibited by freezing storage. The anatomical structure of SAM, levels of primary metabolites (soluble sugar, starch, amino acid, and protein), and endogenous hormones (GA3, IAA, and ABA), exhibited a dynamical change in the seedlings at different storage temperatures. These findings will provide useful information for predicting the vernalization of seedlings and inhibiting the EBF in large-scale commercial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mimi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Dong H, Li M, Jin L, Xie X, Li M, Wei J. Cool Temperature Enhances Growth, Ferulic Acid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis While Inhibiting Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Angelica sinensis. Molecules 2022; 27:320. [PMID: 35011549 PMCID: PMC8746531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica sinensis, a perennial herb that produces ferulic acid and phthalides for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, prefers growing at an altitude of 1800-3000 m. Geographical models have predicted that high altitude, cool temperature and sunshade play determining roles in geo-authentic formation. Although the roles of altitude and light in yield and quality have been investigated, the role of temperature in regulating growth, metabolites biosynthesis and gene expression is still unclear. In this study, growth characteristics, metabolites contents and related genes expression were investigated by exposing A. sinensis to cooler (15 °C) and normal temperatures (22 °C). The results showed that plant biomass, the contents of ferulic acid and flavonoids and the expression levels of genes related to the biosynthesis of ferulic acid (PAL1, 4CLL4, 4CLL9, C3H, HCT, CCOAMT and CCR) and flavonoids (CHS and CHI) were enhanced at 15 °C compared to 22 °C. The contents of ligustilide and volatile oils exhibited slight increases, while polysaccharide contents decreased in response to cooler temperature. Based on gene expression levels, ferulic acid biosynthesis probably depends on the CCOAMT pathway and not the COMT pathway. It can be concluded that cool temperature enhances plant growth, ferulic acid and flavonoid accumulation but inhibits polysaccharide biosynthesis in A. sinensis. These findings authenticate that cool temperature plays a determining role in the formation of geo-authentic and also provide a strong foundation for regulating metabolites production of A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Meiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiaorong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; (H.D.); (L.J.)
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China;
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Li M, Cui X, Jin L, Li M, Wei J. Bolting reduces ferulic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis and induces root lignification in Angelica sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:171-179. [PMID: 34891073 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis is a perennial herbaceous species that produces the bioactive metabolites ferulic acid and alkylphthalides widely applied in the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. While the effects of bolting on plant biomass and metabolites accumulation have been partly investigated, the mechanism of bolting reducing metabolites biosynthesis is still limited. In this study, the root biomass, accumulations of ferulic acid, flavonoids and lignin, antioxidant capacity, and related genes expression at four different bolting stages were investigated. The results showed that there was a 2.2-, 2.4- and 2.9-fold decrease of the root biomass, ferulic acid and flavonoids contents, while a 2.9-fold increase of lignin content on a per plant basis during the bolting stages. The antioxidant capacity also exhibited significant decrease with growth and development. The differential expression levels of the 20 genes, which are involved in biosynthesis of ferulic acid (e.g. AsPAL1, As4CLs and AsHCT), flavonoids (e.g. AsCHS, AsCHI and AsI3'H) and lignin (e.g. AsCAD1 and AsLACs), were consistent with changes in the above metabolites accumulation. The findings will provide useful references for improving the production of bioactive metabolites in A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiuwen Cui
- Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science / College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lv M, Su HY, Li ML, Yang DL, Yao RY, Li MF, Wei JH. Effect of UV-B radiation on growth, flavonoid and podophyllotoxin accumulation, and related gene expression in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:202-209. [PMID: 33280221 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an alpine medicinal plant that produces the anticancer compound podophyllotoxin (PPT). Although a positive relationship between PPT content and altitude has been proved and low temperature enhances plant growth and PPT accumulation has also been revealed, the role of UV radiation in regulating growth and PPT accumulation is still unclear In this study, morphophysiological traits, metabolites content and related genes expression were investigated by exposing S. hexandrum seedlings to treatment with UV-B radiation. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugars and flavonoids, and the expression levels of genes involved in glycometabolism (XET and β-1,3-glucanase) and flavonoid biosynthesis (PAL,C4H,4CL,CHS1 and DTX41) were enhanced in response to UV-B compared to CK. Moreover, genes involved in stress tolerance (MYB, WRKY,APX3 and EX2) were also upregulated in response to UV-B radiation. Although the whole plant biomass exhibited slightly increased values that depended largely on root development, the contents of chlorophyll and PPT and the expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis (matK, ndhF,rbcL and ycf5) and PPT biosynthesis (C3H,CCoAMT,CCR,CAD, DPO, PLR,SDH, CPY719A23,OMT3,CYP71CU1,OMT1and 2-ODD) were significantly decreased in response to UV-B compared to CK. It can be concluded that UV-B radiation promotes soluble sugars and flavonoids accumulation, but inhibits PPT biosynthesis in S. hexandrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lv
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - H-Y Su
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - M-L Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - D-L Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - R-Y Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - M-F Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J-H Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040603. [PMID: 33921719 PMCID: PMC8073934 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthetic derivatives that could suffice for the clinical limitations of these naturally occurring compounds is not economically feasible. These challenges demanded continuous devotions towards improving the druggability of these drugs and continue to seek structure-optimization strategies. The discovery of renewable sources including microbial origin for podophyllotoxin is another possible approach. This review focuses on the exigency of innovation and research required in the global R&D and pharmaceutical industry for podophyllotoxin and related compounds based on recent scientific findings and market predictions.
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Palaniyandi K, Jun W. Low temperature enhanced the podophyllotoxin accumulation vis-a-vis its biosynthetic pathway gene(s) expression in Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng – A pharmaceutically important medicinal plant. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yao Y, Kang T, Jin L, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Xing H, Sun P, Li M. Temperature-dependent growth and hypericin biosynthesis in Hypericum perforatum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:613-619. [PMID: 31030029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum is a perennial herb that produces the anti-depression metabolite hypericin (Hyp). While several efforts to increase Hyp production have been made, the effects of temperatures on growth and Hyp biosynthesis are still limited. In this study, the growth morphophysiological traits, Hyp biosynthesis and their related genes expression, as well as major bioactive compounds accumulation and antioxidant capacity were assessed by exposing H. perforatum seedlings to three different temperatures (15, 22 and 30 °C). The results showed that aerial parts biomass was greater at 15 °C with 1.3 and 1.6-fold increase compared to at 22 and 30 °C, in large part because of greater increase in chlorophyll content, stem number and leaf area on a per plant basis. Hyp content in the aerial parts was greater 1.9 and 5.6-fold on a per plant basis compared to 22 and 30 °C treatments, and the contents of other bioactive compounds (flavonoids and phenolics) as well as antioxidant capacity in the aerial parts, on dry weight and per plant basis, also exhibited significant increases with the temperatures decrease. The mRNA expressions of eight genes (psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, ycf3, ycf4, ycf5 and matK) related to photosynthesis and two genes (Polyketide synthase, PKS; Phenolic oxidative coupling protein, Hyp-1) involved in Hyp biosynthesis were also up-regulated at 15 °C. The findings are useful in guiding cultivation and regulating Hyp biosynthesis in H. perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Tianlan Kang
- Institute of Industrial Crop and Promotion, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Gansu Herbal Medicine Planting Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Hua Xing
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Ping Sun
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China; Gansu Herbal Medicine Planting Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Yang LY, Yang SL, Li JY, Ma JH, Pang T, Zou CM, He B, Gong M. Effects of different growth temperatures on growth, development, and plastid pigments metabolism of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2018; 59:5. [PMID: 29404808 PMCID: PMC5799153 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperature remarkably affects the growth and metabolism of plants. Tobacco is an important cash crop, and the long-term effects of different growth temperatures (18.5, 23.5 and 28.5 °C, daily average) on growth, development and plastid pigments metabolism of tobacco plants were investigated in this study. RESULTS Compared with tobacco plants grown under 23.5 °C, treatments with 18.5 and 28.5 °C inhibited the expansion of leaves. The contents of superoxide anion (O 2·- ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in the leaves were significantly increased under 28.5 °C from 0 to 60 days, which in turn accelerated the flowering and senescence of tobacco plants. By contrast, the treatment with 18.5 °C remarkably decreased O 2.- , H2O2 and MDA, and delayed the flowering and senescence. Furthermore, treatment with 18.5 °C significantly up-regulated the expression of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (Glu-TR) and magnesium chelatase (MgCH), and down-regulated the ferri chelatase (FeCH), protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase, chlorophyllase (CHLase), phaeophorbide a monooxygenase (PaO) and phytoene synthase (PSY), which further promoted the accumulation of chlorophyll (Chls) and reduced the carotenoids (Cars) in leaves. On the contrary, exposing to 28.5 °C remarkably down-regulated the Glu-TR and MgCH, and up-regulated the FeCH, CHLase, PaO and PSY, which in turn decreased the Chls and increased the Cars in tobacco leaves. CONCLUSION As compared with the plants grown under 23.5 °C, lower (18.5 °C) and higher (28.5 °C) growth temperature inhibited the growth of tobacco plants. In general, treatment with 28.5 °C accelerated the flowering and senescence of tobacco plants by enhancing the accumulation of O 2.- and H2O2 in leaves, while exposing to 18.5 °C had the opposite effects. Treatment with 18.5 °C increased the content of Chls and reduced the Cars in leaves. In contrast, Treatment with 28.5 °C decreased the Chls and increased the Cars. Moreover, both O 2.- and H2O2 took part in the breakdown of Chls in tobacco leaves to some extent. The results suggest that growth temperature could regulate growth, development, and plastid pigments metabolism, and 23.5 °C could be an optimal temperature for growth, development and metabolism of plastid pigments of tobacco plants under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Hong Ma
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Pang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Ming Zou
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Yunnan Tobacco Leaf Company, Kunming, 650218 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 People’s Republic of China
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Sivakumar G, Alba K, Phillips GC. Biorhizome: A Biosynthetic Platform for Colchicine Biomanufacturing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1137. [PMID: 28713407 PMCID: PMC5491623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colchicine is one of the oldest plant-based medicines used to treat gout and one of the most important alkaloid-based antimitotic drugs with anticancer potential, which is commercially extracted from Gloriosa superba. Clinical trials suggest that colchicine medication could prevent atrial fibrillation recurrence after cardiac surgery. In addition, therapeutic colchicine is undergoing clinical trials to treat non-diabetic metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. However, the industrial-scale biomanufacturing of colchicine have not yet been established. Clearly, further studies on detailed biorhizome-specific transcriptome analysis, gene expression, and candidate gene validation are required before uncover the mechanism of colchicine biosynthesis and biorhizome-based colchicine biomanufacturing. Annotation of 32312 assembled multiple-tissues transcripts of G. superba represented 15088 unigenes in known plant specific gene ontology. This could help understanding colchicine biosynthesis in G. superba. This review highlights the biorhizomes, rhizome specific genes or gene what expressed with high level in rhizomes, and deep fluid dynamics in a bioreactor specifically for the biomanufacture of colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Kamran Alba
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Gregory C. Phillips
- College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, JonesboroAR, United States
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