1
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Cao X, Huang M, Wang S, Li T, Huang Y. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus: Characteristics, influence, and regulation mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108812. [PMID: 38875781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a DNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus, significantly impedes the growth and development of numerous host plants, including tomatoes and peppers. Due to its rapid mutation rate and frequent recombination events, achieving complete control of TYLCV proves exceptionally challenging. Consequently, identifying resistance mechanisms become crucial for safeguarding host plants from TYLCV-induced damage. This review article delves into the global distribution, dispersal patterns, and defining characteristics of TYLCV. Moreover, the intricate interplay between TYLCV and various influencing factors, such as insect vectors, susceptible host plants, and abiotic stresses, plays a pivotal role in plant-TYLCV interactions. The review offers an updated perspective on recent investigations focused on plant response mechanisms to TYLCV infection, including the intricate relationship between TYLCV, whiteflies, and regulatory factors. This comprehensive analysis aims to establish a foundation for future research endeavors exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying TYLCV infection and the development of plant resistance through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Mengna Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Shimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276000, China.
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2
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Huang X, Liu H, Wu F, Wei W, Zeng Z, Xu J, Chen C, Hao Y, Xia R, Liu Y. Diversification of FT-like genes in the PEBP family contributes to the variation of flowering traits in Sapindaceae species. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:28. [PMID: 39010247 PMCID: PMC11251392 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Many species of Sapindaceae, such as lychee, longan, and rambutan, provide nutritious and delicious fruit. Understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie the regulation of flowering is essential for securing flower and fruit productivity. Most endogenous and exogenous flowering cues are integrated into the florigen encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T. However, the regulatory mechanisms of flowering remain poorly understood in Sapindaceae. Here, we identified 60 phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein-coding genes from six Sapindaceae plants. Gene duplication events led to the emergence of two or more paralogs of the FT gene that have evolved antagonistic functions in Sapindaceae. Among them, the FT1-like genes are functionally conserved and promote flowering, while the FT2-like genes likely serve as repressors that delay flowering. Importantly, we show here that the natural variation at nucleotide position - 1437 of the lychee FT1 promoter determined the binding affinity of the SVP protein (LcSVP9), which was a negative regulator of flowering, resulting in the differential expression of LcFT1, which in turn affected flowering time in lychee. This finding provides a potential molecular marker for breeding lychee. Taken together, our results reveal some crucial aspects of FT gene family genetics that underlie the regulation of flowering in Sapindaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongsen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fengqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanchun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zaohai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- South China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Wuhan, 430070, China.
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3
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Palukaitis P, Yoon JY. Defense signaling pathways in resistance to plant viruses: Crosstalk and finger pointing. Adv Virus Res 2024; 118:77-212. [PMID: 38461031 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to infection by plant viruses involves proteins encoded by plant resistance (R) genes, viz., nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NLRs), immune receptors. These sensor NLRs are activated either directly or indirectly by viral protein effectors, in effector-triggered immunity, leading to induction of defense signaling pathways, resulting in the synthesis of numerous downstream plant effector molecules that inhibit different stages of the infection cycle, as well as the induction of cell death responses mediated by helper NLRs. Early events in this process involve recognition of the activation of the R gene response by various chaperones and the transport of these complexes to the sites of subsequent events. These events include activation of several kinase cascade pathways, and the syntheses of two master transcriptional regulators, EDS1 and NPR1, as well as the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. The phytohormones, which transit from a primed, resting states to active states, regulate the remainder of the defense signaling pathways, both directly and by crosstalk with each other. This regulation results in the turnover of various suppressors of downstream events and the synthesis of various transcription factors that cooperate and/or compete to induce or suppress transcription of either other regulatory proteins, or plant effector molecules. This network of interactions results in the production of defense effectors acting alone or together with cell death in the infected region, with or without the further activation of non-specific, long-distance resistance. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding these processes and the components of the local responses, their interactions, regulation, and crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palukaitis
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Graduate School of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Li T, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Sun S, Wang H, Geng X. Phenotype and signaling pathway analysis to explore the interaction between tomato plants and TYLCV in different organs. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111955. [PMID: 38097048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), caused by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), is one of the most destructive diseases in tomato cultivation. By comparing the phenotypic characteristics and virus quantities in the susceptible variety 'Cooperation 909 Red Tomatoes' and the resistant variety 'Huamei 204' after inoculation with TYLCV infectious clones, our study discovered that the root, stem and leaf growth of the susceptible variety 'Cooperation 909 Red Tomatoes' were severely hindered and the resistant variety 'Huamei 204' showed growth inhibition only in roots. TYLCV accumulation in roots were significantly higher than in leaves. Further, we examined the expression of key genes in the SA and JA signalling pathways in leaves, stems and roots and found the up-regulation of SA-signalling genes in all organs of the susceptible variety after inoculation with TYLCV clones. Interestingly, SlJAZ2 in roots of the resistant variety was significantly down-regulated upon TYLCV infection. Further, we silenced the SlNPR1 and SlCOI1 genes individually using virus induced gene silencing system in tomato plants. We found that viruses accumulated to a higher level in SlNPR1 silenced plants than wild type plants, and the virus quantity in roots was significantly increased in SlCOI1 silenced plants. These results provide new insights for advancing research in understanding tomato-TYLCV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hehe Wang
- Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Kasi Viswanath K, Hamid A, Ateka E, Pappu HR. CRISPR/Cas, Multiomics, and RNA Interference in Virus Disease Management. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1661-1676. [PMID: 37486077 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0002-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses infect a wide range of commercially important crop plants and cause significant crop production losses worldwide. Numerous alterations in plant physiology related to the reprogramming of gene expression may result from viral infections. Although conventional integrated pest management-based strategies have been effective in reducing the impact of several viral diseases, continued emergence of new viruses and strains, expanding host ranges, and emergence of resistance-breaking strains necessitate a sustained effort toward the development and application of new approaches for virus management that would complement existing tactics. RNA interference-based techniques, and more recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing technologies have paved the way for precise targeting of viral transcripts and manipulation of viral genomes and host factors. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of disease would further expand the applicability of these recent methods. Advances in next-generation/high-throughput sequencing have made possible more intensive studies into host-virus interactions. Utilizing the omics data and its application has the potential to expedite fast-tracking traditional plant breeding methods, as well as applying modern molecular tools for trait enhancement, including virus resistance. Here, we summarize the recent developments in the CRISPR/Cas system, transcriptomics, endogenous RNA interference, and exogenous application of dsRNA in virus disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aflaq Hamid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U.S.A
| | - Elijah Ateka
- Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Hanu R Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U.S.A
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6
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Krieger C, Halter D, Baltenweck R, Cognat V, Boissinot S, Maia-Grondard A, Erdinger M, Bogaert F, Pichon E, Hugueney P, Brault V, Ziegler-Graff V. An Aphid-Transmitted Virus Reduces the Host Plant Response to Its Vector to Promote Its Transmission. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1745-1760. [PMID: 37885045 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-22-0454-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The success of virus transmission by vectors relies on intricate trophic interactions between three partners, the host plant, the virus, and the vector. Despite numerous studies that showed the capacity of plant viruses to manipulate their host plant to their benefit, and potentially of their transmission, the molecular mechanisms sustaining this phenomenon has not yet been extensively analyzed at the molecular level. In this study, we focused on the deregulations induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by an aphid vector that were alleviated when the plants were infected with turnip yellows virus (TuYV), a polerovirus strictly transmitted by aphids in a circulative and nonpropagative mode. By setting up an experimental design mimicking the natural conditions of virus transmission, we analyzed the deregulations in plants infected with TuYV and infested with aphids by a dual transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. We observed that the virus infection alleviated most of the gene deregulations induced by the aphids in a noninfected plant at both time points analyzed (6 and 72 h) with a more pronounced effect at the later time point of infestation. The metabolic composition of the infected and infested plants was altered in a way that could be beneficial for the vector and the virus transmission. Importantly, these substantial modifications observed in infected and infested plants correlated with a higher TuYV transmission efficiency. This study revealed the capacity of TuYV to alter the plant nutritive content and the defense reaction against the aphid vector to promote the viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Krieger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - David Halter
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Valérie Cognat
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Monique Erdinger
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Florent Bogaert
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Elodie Pichon
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Véronique Brault
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Ziegler-Graff
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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7
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Viswanath KK, Kuo SY, Tu CW, Hsu YH, Huang YW, Hu CC. The Role of Plant Transcription Factors in the Fight against Plant Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098433. [PMID: 37176135 PMCID: PMC10179606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are vulnerable to the challenges of unstable environments and pathogen infections due to their immobility. Among various stress conditions, viral infection is a major threat that causes significant crop loss. In response to viral infection, plants undergo complex molecular and physiological changes, which trigger defense and morphogenic pathways. Transcription factors (TFs), and their interactions with cofactors and cis-regulatory genomic elements, are essential for plant defense mechanisms. The transcriptional regulation by TFs is crucial in establishing plant defense and associated activities during viral infections. Therefore, identifying and characterizing the critical genes involved in the responses of plants against virus stress is essential for the development of transgenic plants that exhibit enhanced tolerance or resistance. This article reviews the current understanding of the transcriptional control of plant defenses, with a special focus on NAC, MYB, WRKY, bZIP, and AP2/ERF TFs. The review provides an update on the latest advances in understanding how plant TFs regulate defense genes expression during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotapati Kasi Viswanath
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Song-Yi Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Tu
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Centre, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Centre, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Centre, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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8
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Rosas-Diaz T, Cana-Quijada P, Wu M, Hui D, Fernandez-Barbero G, Macho AP, Solano R, Castillo AG, Wang XW, Lozano-Duran R, Bejarano ER. The transcriptional regulator JAZ8 interacts with the C2 protein from geminiviruses and limits the geminiviral infection in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36946519 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are phytohormones that finely regulate critical biological processes, including plant development and defense. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are crucial transcriptional regulators that keep JA-responsive genes in a repressed state. In the presence of JA-Ile, JAZ repressors are ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system, allowing the activation of downstream transcription factors and, consequently, the induction of JA-responsive genes. A growing body of evidence has shown that JA signaling is crucial in defending against plant viruses and their insect vectors. Here, we describe the interaction of C2 proteins from two tomato-infecting geminiviruses from the genus Begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato yellow curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSaV), with the transcriptional repressor JAZ8 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its closest orthologue in tomato, SlJAZ9. Both JAZ and C2 proteins colocalize in the nucleus, forming discrete nuclear speckles. Overexpression of JAZ8 did not lead to altered responses to TYLCV infection in Arabidopsis; however, knock-down of JAZ8 favors geminiviral infection. Low levels of JAZ8 likely affect the viral infection specifically, since JAZ8-silenced plants neither display obvious developmental phenotypes nor present differences in their interaction with the viral insect vector. In summary, our results show that the geminivirus-encoded C2 interacts with JAZ8 in the nucleus, and suggest that this plant protein exerts an anti-geminiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Rosas-Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Pepe Cana-Quijada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mengshi Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Du Hui
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gemma Fernandez-Barbero
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Roberto Solano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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9
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Song S, Ma D, Xu C, Guo Z, Li J, Song L, Wei M, Zhang L, Zhong YH, Zhang YC, Liu JW, Chi B, Wang J, Tang H, Zhu X, Zheng HL. In silico analysis of NAC gene family in the mangrove plant Avicennia marina provides clues for adaptation to intertidal habitats. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:393-413. [PMID: 36645624 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) constitute a plant-specific gene family. It is reported that NAC TFs play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes and in response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, little information is known about the functional and evolutionary characteristics of NAC TFs in mangrove plants, a group of species adapting coastal intertidal habitats. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive investigation for NAC TFs in Avicennia marina, one pioneer species of mangrove plants. We totally identified 142 NAC TFs from the genome of A. marina. Combined with NAC proteins having been functionally characterized in other organisms, we built a phylogenetic tree to infer the function of NAC TFs in A. marina. Gene structure and motif sequence analyses suggest the sequence conservation and transcription regulatory regions-mediated functional diversity. Whole-genome duplication serves as the driver force to the evolution of NAC gene family. Moreover, two pairs of NAC genes were identified as positively selected genes of which AmNAC010/040 may be imposed on less constraint toward neofunctionalization. Quite a few stress/hormone-related responsive elements were found in promoter regions indicating potential response to various external factors. Transcriptome data revealed some NAC TFs were involved in pneumatophore and leaf salt gland development and response to salt, flooding and Cd stresses. Gene co-expression analysis found a few NAC TFs participates in the special biological processes concerned with adaptation to intertidal environment. In summary, this study provides detailed functional and evolutionary information about NAC gene family in mangrove plant A. marina and new perspective for adaptation to intertidal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Dongna Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Lingyu Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mingyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ludan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Bingjie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hanchen Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Costal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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10
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Comprehensive Analysis of NAC Genes Reveals Differential Expression Patterns in Response to Pst DC3000 and Their Overlapping Expression Pattern during PTI and ETI in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112015. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factors belong to a unique gene family in plants, which play vital roles in regulating diverse biological processes, including growth, development, senescence, and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as the most highly valued vegetable and fruit crop worldwide, is constantly attacked by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), causing huge losses in production. Thus, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive identification of the SlNAC genes involved in response to Pst DC3000 in tomato. In this study, a complete overview of this gene family in tomato is presented, including genome localization, protein domain architectures, physical and chemical features, and nuclear location score. Phylogenetic analysis identified 20 SlNAC genes as putative stress-responsive genes, named SSlNAC 1–20. Expression profiles analysis revealed that 18 of these 20 SSlNAC genes were significantly induced in defense response to Pst DC3000 stress. Furthermore, the RNA-seq data were mined and analyzed, and the results revealed the expression pattern of the 20 SSlNAC genes in response to Pst DC3000 during the PTI and ETI. Among them, SSlNAC3, SSlNAC4, SSlNAC7, SSlNAC8, SSlNAC12, SSlNAC17, and SSlNAC19 were up-regulated against Pst DC3000 during PTI and ETI, which suggested that these genes may participate in both the PTI and ETI pathway during the interaction between tomato and Pst DC3000. In addition, SSlNAC genes induced by exogenous hormones, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), were also recovered. These results implied that SSlNAC genes may participate in the Pst DC3000 stress response by multiple regulatory pathways of the phytohormones. In all, this study provides important clues for further functional analysis and of the regulatory mechanism of SSlNAC genes under Pst DC3000 stress.
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11
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Mondal B, Mukherjee A, Mazumder M, De A, Ghosh S, Basu D. Inducible expression of truncated NAC62 provides tolerance against Alternaria brassicicola and imparts developmental changes in Indian mustard. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111425. [PMID: 36007630 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) faces significant yield loss due to the 'Black Spot Disease,' caused by a fungus Alternaria brassicicola. In plants, NAC transcription factors (NAC TFs) are known for their roles in development and stress tolerance. One such NAC TF, NAC 62, was induced during A. brassicicola challenge in Sinapis alba, a non-host resistant plant against this fungus. Sequence analyses of BjuNAC62 from B. juncea showed that it belonged to the membrane-bound class of transcription factors. Gene expression study revealed differential protein processing of NAC62 between B. juncea and S. alba on pathogen challenge. Furthermore, NAC62 processing to 25 kDa protein was found to be unique to the resistant plant during pathogenesis. Conditional expression of BjuNAC62ΔC, which lacks its transmembrane domain, in B. juncea showed improved tolerance to A. brassicicola. BjuNAC62ΔC processing to 25 kDa product was also observed in tolerant transgenic plants. Additionally, transgenic plants showed induced expression of genes associated with defense-related phytohormone signaling pathways on pathogen challenge. Again, altered phenotypes suggest a possible developmental effect of BjuNAC62∆C in transgenic plants. The overall results suggest that the processing of BjuNAC62 might be playing a crucial role in resistance response against Black Spot disease by modulating defense-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banani Mondal
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Mrinmoy Mazumder
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Aishee De
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Swagata Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Debabrata Basu
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Rd, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
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12
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Wang P, Sun S, Liu K, Peng R, Li N, Hu B, Wang L, Wang H, Afzal AJ, Geng X. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed gene networks involved in heightened resistance against tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid treated tomato plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970139. [PMID: 36187991 PMCID: PMC9515787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus of the Geminiviridae family, causes leaf curl disease of tomato that significantly affects tomato production worldwide. SA (salicylic acid), JA (jasmonic acid) or the JA mimetic, COR (coronatine) applied exogenously resulted in improved tomato resistance against TYLCV infection. When compared to mock treated tomato leaves, pretreatment with the three compounds followed by TYCLV stem infiltration also caused a greater accumulation of H2O2. We employed RNA-Seq (RNA sequencing) to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes) induced by SA, JA, COR pre-treatments after Agro-inoculation of TYLCV in tomato. To obtain functional information on these DEGs, we annotated genes using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. Based on our comparative analysis, differentially expressed genes related to cell wall metabolism, hormone signaling and secondary metabolism pathways were analyzed in compound treated samples. We also found that TYLCV levels were affected in SlNPR1 and SlCOI1 silenced plants. Interestingly, compared to the mock treated samples, SA signaling was hyper-activated in SlCOI1 silenced plants which resulted in a significant reduction in viral titer, whereas in SINPR1 silencing tomato plants, there was a 19-fold increase in viral load. Our results indicated that SA, JA, and COR had multiple impacts on defense modulation at the early stage of TYLCV infection. These results will help us better understand SA and JA induced defenses against viral invasion and provide a theoretical basis for breeding viral resistance into commercial tomato accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Sun,
| | - Kerang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Quality and Safety Testing Center for Agro-Products, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehe Wang
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, United States
| | - Ahmed Jawaad Afzal
- Division of Science, New York University, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Xueqing Geng,
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13
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Bi X, Guo H, Li X, Zheng L, An M, Xia Z, Wu Y. A novel strategy for improving watermelon resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus by exogenous boron application. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1361-1380. [PMID: 35671152 PMCID: PMC9366068 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mode controlling cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)-induced watermelon blood flesh disease (WBFD) is largely unknown. In this study, we have found that application of exogenous boron suppressed CGMMV infection in watermelon fruit and alleviated WBFD symptoms. Our transcriptome analysis showed that the most up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with polyamine and auxin biosynthesis, abscisic acid catabolism, defence-related pathways, cell wall modification, and energy and secondary metabolism, while the down-regulated DEGs were mostly involved in ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall catabolism, and plasma membrane functions. Our virus-induced gene silencing results showed that silencing of SPDS expression in watermelon resulted in a higher putrescine content and an inhibited CGMMV infection correlating with no WBFD symptoms. SBT and TUBB1 were also required for CGMMV infection. In contrast, silencing of XTH23 and PE/PEI7 (low-level lignin, cellulose and pectin) and ATPS1 (low-level glutathione) promoted CGMMV accumulation. Furthermore, RAP2-3, MYB6, WRKY12, H2A, and DnaJ11 are likely to participate in host antiviral resistance. In addition, a higher (spermidine + spermine):putrescine ratio, malondialdehyde content, and lactic acid content were responsible for fruit decay and acidification. Our results provide new knowledge on the roles of boron in watermelon resistance to CGMMV-induced WBFD. This new knowledge can be used to design better control methods for CGMMV in the field and to breed CGMMV resistant watermelon and other cucurbit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
- Centre for Biological Disaster Prevention and ControlNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationShenyangChina
| | - Lijiao Zheng
- Xinmin City Agricultural Technology Extension CentreShenyangChina
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
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14
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Characterization of Virus-Inducible Orchid Argonaute 5b Promoter and Its Functional Characterization in Nicotiana benthamiana during Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179825. [PMID: 36077222 PMCID: PMC9456093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant ARGONAUTES (AGOs) play a significant role in the defense against viral infection. Previously, we have demonstrated that AGO5s encoded in Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana (PaAGO5s) took an indispensable part in defense against major viruses. To understand the underlying defense mechanism, we cloned PaAGO5s promoters (pPaAGO5s) and analyzed their activity in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana using β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene. GUS activity analyses revealed that during Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) infections, pPaAGO5b activity was significantly increased compared to pPaAGO5a and pPaAGO5c. Analysis of pPaAGO5b 5′-deletion revealed that pPaAGO5b_941 has higher activity during virus infection. Further, yeast one-hybrid analysis showed that the transcription factor NbMYB30 physically interacted with pPaAGO5b_941 to enhance its activity. Overexpression and silencing of NbMYB30 resulted in up- and downregulation of GUS expression, respectively. Exogenous application and endogenous measurement of phytohormones have shown that methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid respond to viral infections. NbMYB30 overexpression and its closest related protein, PaMYB30, in P. aphrodite subsp. formosana reduced CymMV accumulation in P. aphrodite subsp. formosana. Based on these discoveries, this study uncovers the interaction between virus-responsive promoter and the corresponding transcription factor in plants.
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15
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Tao Y, Wan JX, Liu YS, Yang XZ, Shen RF, Zhu XF. The NAC transcription factor ANAC017 regulates aluminum tolerance by regulating the cell wall-modifying genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2517-2534. [PMID: 35512200 PMCID: PMC9342997 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the key factors limiting crop production in acid soils; however, little is known about its transcriptional regulation in plants. In this study, we characterized the role of a NAM, ATAF1/2, and cup-shaped cotyledon 2 (NAC) transcription factors (TFs), ANAC017, in the regulation of Al tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ANAC017 was localized in the nucleus and exhibited constitutive expression in the root, stem, leaf, flower, and silique, although its expression and protein accumulation were repressed by Al stress. Loss of function of ANAC017 enhanced Al tolerance when compared with wild-type Col-0 and was accompanied by lower root and root cell wall Al content. Furthermore, both hemicellulose and xyloglucan content decreased in the anac017 mutants, indicating the possible interaction between ANAC017 and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH). Interestingly, the expression of XTH31, which is responsible for xyloglucan modification, was downregulated in the anac017 mutants regardless of Al supply, supporting the possible interaction between ANAC017 and XTH31. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that ANAC017 positively regulated the expression of XTH31 through directly binding to the XTH31 promoter region, and overexpression of XTH31 in the anac017 mutant background rescued its Al-tolerance phenotype. In conclusion, we identified that the tTF ANAC017 acts upstream of XTH31 to regulate Al tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Ahmar S, Gruszka D. In-Silico Study of Brassinosteroid Signaling Genes in Rice Provides Insight Into Mechanisms Which Regulate Their Expression. Front Genet 2022; 13:953458. [PMID: 35873468 PMCID: PMC9299959 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.953458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate a diverse spectrum of processes during plant growth and development and modulate plant physiology in response to environmental fluctuations and stress factors. Thus, the BR signaling regulators have the potential to be targeted for gene editing to optimize the architecture of plants and make them more resilient to environmental stress. Our understanding of the BR signaling mechanism in monocot crop species is limited compared to our knowledge of this process accumulated in the model dicot species - Arabidopsis thaliana. A deeper understanding of the BR signaling and response during plant growth and adaptation to continually changing environmental conditions will provide insight into mechanisms that govern the coordinated expression of the BR signaling genes in rice (Oryza sativa) which is a model for cereal crops. Therefore, in this study a comprehensive and detailed in silico analysis of promoter sequences of rice BR signaling genes was performed. Moreover, expression profiles of these genes during various developmental stages and reactions to several stress conditions were analyzed. Additionally, a model of interactions between the encoded proteins was also established. The obtained results revealed that promoters of the 39 BR signaling genes are involved in various regulatory mechanisms and interdependent processes that influence growth, development, and stress response in rice. Different transcription factor-binding sites and cis-regulatory elements in the gene promoters were identified which are involved in regulation of the genes’ expression during plant development and reactions to stress conditions. The in-silico analysis of BR signaling genes in O. sativa provides information about mechanisms which regulate the coordinated expression of these genes during rice development and in response to other phytohormones and environmental factors. Since rice is both an important crop and the model species for other cereals, this information may be important for understanding the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the BR signaling in monocot species. It can also provide new ways for the plant genetic engineering technology by providing novel potential targets, either cis-elements or transcriptional factors, to create elite genotypes with desirable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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17
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Ke YD, Huang YW, Viswanath KK, Hu CC, Yeh CM, Mitsuda N, Lin NS, Hsu YH. NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 Transcription Factors Regulate the Virus Inducible NbAGO5 Promoter in Nicotiana benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924482. [PMID: 35812928 PMCID: PMC9261433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant argonautes (AGOs) play important roles in the defense responses against viruses. The expression of Nicotiana benthamiana AGO5 gene (NbAGO5) is highly induced by Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we have analyzed the potential promoter activities of NbAGO5 and its interactions with viral proteins by using a 2,000 bp fragment, designated as PN1, upstream to the translation initiation of NbAGO5. PN1 and seven serial 5'-deletion mutants (PN2-PN8) were fused with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter and introduced into the N. benthamiana genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for further characterization. It was found that PN4-GUS transgenic plants were able to drive strong GUS expression in the whole plant. In the virus infection tests, the GUS activity was strongly induced in PN4-GUS transgenic plants after being challenged with potexviruses. Infiltration of the transgenic plants individually with BaMV coat protein (CP) or triple gene block protein 1 (TGBp1) revealed that only TGBp1 was crucial for inducing the NbAGO5 promoter. To identify the factors responsible for controlling the activity of the NbAGO5 promoter, we employed yeast one-hybrid screening on a transcription factor cDNA library. The result showed that NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 could directly bind the 704 bp promoter regions of NbAGO5. By using overexpressing and virus-induced gene silencing techniques, we found that NbNAC42 and NbZFP3 regulated and downregulated, respectively, the expression of the NbAGO5 gene. Upon virus infection, NbNAC42 played an important role in regulating the expression of NbAGO5. Together, these results provide new insights into the modulation of the defense mechanism of N. benthamiana against viruses. This virus inducible promoter could be an ideal candidate to drive the target gene expression that could improve the anti-virus abilities of crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dun Ke
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chung-Chi Hu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Na-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Transcriptome Profiling Unravels the Involvement of Phytohormones in Tomato Resistance to the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a serious pathogen transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Due to the quick spread of the virus, which is assisted by its vector, tomato yield and quality have suffered a crushing blow. Resistance to TYLCV has been intensively investigated in transmission, yet the mechanism of anti-TYLCV remains elusive. Herein, we conducted transcriptome profiling with a TYLCV-resistant cultivar (CLN2777A) and a susceptible line (Moneymaker) to identify the potential mechanism of resistance to TYLCV. Compared to the susceptible line, CLN2777A maintained a lower level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) after TYLCV infection. Through RNA-seq, over 1000 differentially expressed genes related to the metabolic process, cellular process, response to stimulus, biological regulation, and signaling were identified, indicating that the defense response was activated after the virus attack. Further analysis showed that TYLCV infection could induce the expression of the genes involved in salicylic and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and the signal transduction of phytohormones, which illustrated that phytohormones were essential for tomatoes to defend against TYLCV. These findings provide greater insight into the effective source of resistance for TYLCV control, indicating a potential molecular tool for the design of TYLCV-resistant tomatoes.
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19
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Zhang H, Xu J, Chen H, Jin W, Liang Z. Characterization of NAC family genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza and NAC2 potentially involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112932. [PMID: 34454170 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) family members are specific transcription factors in plants. The large family is involved in many plant growth and developmental processes, as well as in abiotic/biotic stress responses. It has been well studied in the genomes of various plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato, and quinoa. However, identification and functional studies of NAC family members in medicinal Salvia miltiorrhiza are limited. Here, we systematically identified 84 NAC genes and named them according to their gene IDs in the recently sequenced genome. The phylogeny of NAC family protein sequences was analyzed using bioinformatics methods, which divided them into nine subfamilies. Then, their chromosomal locations, gene structures and conserved domains were analyzed comprehensively. To further investigate the regulatory functions of NACs in S. miltiorrhiza, we analyzed the response of 10 selected NAC genes to methyl jasmonate and used NAC2 for transgenic experiments. The overexpression of Sm-NAC2 decreased the tanshinone I and IIA contents by 56% and 62%, respectively. However, Sm-NAC2-RNAi promoted the accumulation of four tanshinones, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I, which increased 3.68-, 4.1-, 3.13- and 5.9- fold, respectively, compared with wild type. In the tanshinone biosynthetic pathways, the overexpression of Sm-NAC2 down-regulated CYP76AH1, and the silencing of Sm-NAC2 up-regulated the expression levels of HMGR1, DXS2, KSL2, and CYP76AH1. This study provides information on the evolution of Sm-NAC genes and their possible functions, and it lays a foundation for further research into the NAC family-associated regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weibo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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20
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Kalapos B, Juhász C, Balogh E, Kocsy G, Tóbiás I, Gullner G. Transcriptome profiling of pepper leaves by RNA-Seq during an incompatible and a compatible pepper-tobamovirus interaction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20680. [PMID: 34667194 PMCID: PMC8526828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon virus infections, the rapid and comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming in host plant cells is critical to ward off virus attack. To uncover genes and defense pathways that are associated with virus resistance, we carried out the transcriptome-wide Illumina RNA-Seq analysis of pepper leaves harboring the L3 resistance gene at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) with two tobamoviruses. Obuda pepper virus (ObPV) inoculation led to hypersensitive reaction (incompatible interaction), while Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) inoculation resulted in a systemic infection without visible symptoms (compatible interaction). ObPV induced robust changes in the pepper transcriptome, whereas PMMoV showed much weaker effects. ObPV markedly suppressed genes related to photosynthesis, carbon fixation and photorespiration. On the other hand, genes associated with energy producing pathways, immune receptors, signaling cascades, transcription factors, pathogenesis-related proteins, enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis and ethylene metabolism as well as glutathione S-transferases were markedly activated by ObPV. Genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation were slightly suppressed also by PMMoV. However, PMMoV did not influence significantly the disease signaling and defense pathways. RNA-Seq results were validated by real-time qPCR for ten pepper genes. Our findings provide a deeper insight into defense mechanisms underlying tobamovirus resistance in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kalapos
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik utca 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Csilla Juhász
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Eszter Balogh
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik utca 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Brunszvik utca 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - István Tóbiás
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránt Research Network (ELKH), Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
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21
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Comprehensive Analyses of NAC Transcription Factor Family in Almond ( Prunus dulcis) and Their Differential Gene Expression during Fruit Development. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102200. [PMID: 34686009 PMCID: PMC8541688 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As plant specific transcription factors, NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) domain is involved in the plant development and stress responses. Due to the vitality of NAC gene family, BLASTp was performed to identify NAC genes in almond (Prunus dulcis). Further, phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were performed to determine the homology and evolutionary relationship. Gene duplication, gene structure, motif, subcellular localization, and cis-regulatory analyses were performed to assess the function of PdNAC. Whereas RNA-seq analysis was performed to determine the differential expression of PdNAC in fruits at various developmental stages. We identified 106 NAC genes in P. dulcis genome and were renamed according to their chromosomal distribution. Phylogenetic analysis in both P. dulcis and Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the presence of 14 subfamilies. Motif and gene structure followed a pattern according to the PdNAC position in phylogenetic subfamilies. Majority of NAC are localized in the nucleus and have ABA-responsive elements in the upstream region of PdNAC. Differential gene expression analyses revealed one and six PdNAC that were up and down-regulated, respectively, at all development stages. This study provides insights into the structure and function of PdNAC along with their role in the fruit development to enhance an understanding of NAC in P. dulcis.
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22
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Wang H, Li T, Li W, Wang W, Zhao H. Identification and analysis of Chrysanthemum nankingense NAC transcription factors and an expression analysis of OsNAC7 subfamily members. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11505. [PMID: 34123596 PMCID: PMC8164415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1-2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in plant growth and development, as well as in plant response to biotic and abiotic stressors (Duan et al., 2019; Guerin et al., 2019). Chrysanthemum is a plant with strong stress resistance and adaptability; therefore, a systematic study of NAC TFs in chrysanthemum is of great significance for plant breeding. In this study, 153 putative NAC TFs were identified based on the Chrysanthemum nankingense genome. According to the NAC family in Arabidopsis and rice, a rootless phylogenetic tree was constructed, in which the 153 CnNAC TFs were divided into two groups and 19 subfamilies. Moreover, the expression levels of 12 CnNAC TFs belonging to the OsNAC7 subfamily were analyzed in C. nankingense under osmotic and salt stresses, and different tissues were tested during different growth periods. The results showed that these 12 OsNAC7 subfamily members were involved in the regulation of root and stem growth, as well as in the regulation of drought and salt stresses. Finally, we investigated the function of the CHR00069684 gene, and the results showed that CHR00069684 could confer improved salt and low temperature resistance, enhance ABA sensitivity, and lead to early flowering in tobacco. It was proved that members of the OsNAC7 subfamily have dual functions including the regulation of resistance and the mediation of plant growth and development. This study provides comprehensive information on analyzing the function of CnNAC TFs, and also reveals the important role of OsNAC7 subfamily genes in response to abiotic stress and the regulation of plant growth. These results provide new ideas for plant breeding to control stress resistance and growth simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huien Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Shahzad R, Jamil S, Ahmad S, Nisar A, Amina Z, Saleem S, Zaffar Iqbal M, Muhammad Atif R, Wang X. Harnessing the potential of plant transcription factors in developing climate resilient crops to improve global food security: Current and future perspectives. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2323-2341. [PMID: 33911947 PMCID: PMC8071895 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop plants should be resilient to climatic factors in order to feed ever-increasing populations. Plants have developed stress-responsive mechanisms by changing their metabolic pathways and switching the stress-responsive genes. The discovery of plant transcriptional factors (TFs), as key regulators of different biotic and abiotic stresses, has opened up new horizons for plant scientists. TFs perceive the signal and switch certain stress-responsive genes on and off by binding to different cis-regulatory elements. More than 50 families of plant TFs have been reported in nature. Among them, DREB, bZIP, MYB, NAC, Zinc-finger, HSF, Dof, WRKY, and NF-Y are important with respect to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the potential of many TFs in the improvement of crops is untapped. In this review, we summarize the role of different stress-responsive TFs with respect to biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, challenges and future opportunities linked with TFs for developing climate-resilient crops are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Shahzad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Amina Nisar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zarmaha Amina
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shazmina Saleem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Iqbal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, University Road, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
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Soler-Garzón A, Oladzad A, Beaver J, Beebe S, Lee R, Lobaton JD, Macea E, McClean P, Raatz B, Rosas JC, Song Q, Miklas PN. NAC Candidate Gene Marker for bgm-1 and Interaction With QTL for Resistance to Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus in Common Bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:628443. [PMID: 33841459 PMCID: PMC8027503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic resistance is the primary means for control of Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Breeding for resistance is difficult because of sporadic and uneven infection across field nurseries. We sought to facilitate breeding for BGYMV resistance by improving marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the recessive bgm-1 gene and identifying and developing MAS for quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning resistance. Genetic linkage mapping in two recombinant inbred line populations and genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a large breeding population and two diversity panels revealed a candidate gene for bgm-1 and three QTL BGY4.1, BGY7.1, and BGY8.1 on independent chromosomes. A mutation (5 bp deletion) in a NAC (No Apical Meristem) domain transcriptional regulator superfamily protein gene Phvul.003G027100 on chromosome Pv03 corresponded with the recessive bgm-1 resistance allele. The five bp deletion in exon 2 starting at 20 bp (Pv03: 2,601,582) is expected to cause a stop codon at codon 23 (Pv03: 2,601,625), disrupting further translation of the gene. A T m -shift assay marker named PvNAC1 was developed to track bgm-1. PvNAC1 corresponded with bgm-1 across ∼1,000 lines which trace bgm-1 back to a single landrace "Garrapato" from Mexico. BGY8.1 has no effect on its own but exhibited a major effect when combined with bgm-1. BGY4.1 and BGY7.1 acted additively, and they enhanced the level of resistance when combined with bgm-1. T m -shift assay markers were generated for MAS of the QTL, but their effectiveness requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Soler-Garzón
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United States
| | - Atena Oladzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - James Beaver
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Stephen Beebe
- Bean Program, Agrobiodiversity Area, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Rian Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Juan David Lobaton
- Bean Program, Agrobiodiversity Area, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, SA, Australia
| | - Eliana Macea
- Bean Program, Agrobiodiversity Area, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Phillip McClean
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Bodo Raatz
- Bean Program, Agrobiodiversity Area, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Rosas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Zamorano University, Zamorano, Honduras
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Phillip N. Miklas
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United States
- Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Prosser, WA, United States
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25
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Sadhukhan A, Agrahari RK, Wu L, Watanabe T, Nakano Y, Panda SK, Koyama H, Kobayashi Y. Expression genome-wide association study identifies that phosphatidylinositol-derived signalling regulates ALUMINIUM SENSITIVE3 expression under aluminium stress in the shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110711. [PMID: 33288018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To identify unknown regulatory mechanisms leading to aluminium (Al)-induction of the Al tolerance gene ALS3, we conducted an expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) for ALS3 in the shoots of 95 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in the presence of Al. The eGWAS was conducted using a mixed linear model with 145,940 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the association results were validated using reverse genetics. We found that many SNPs from the eGWAS were associated with genes related to phosphatidylinositol metabolism as well as stress signal transduction, including Ca2+signals, inter-connected in a co-expression network. Of these, PLC9, CDPK32, ANAC071, DIR1, and a hypothetical protein (AT4G10470) possessed amino acid sequence/ gene expression level polymorphisms that were significantly associated with ALS3 expression level variation. Furthermore, T-DNA insertion mutants of PLC9, CDPK32, and ANAC071 suppressed shoot ALS3 expression in the presence of Al. This study clarified the regulatory mechanisms of ALS3 expression in the shoot and provided genetic evidence of the involvement of phosphatidylinositol-derived signal transduction under Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Sadhukhan
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Raj Kishan Agrahari
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Liujie Wu
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakano
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Bian Z, Gao H, Wang C. NAC Transcription Factors as Positive or Negative Regulators during Ongoing Battle between Pathogens and Our Food Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E81. [PMID: 33374758 PMCID: PMC7795297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) family of proteins is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor (TF) families and its members play varied roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In recent years, NAC TFs have been demonstrated to participate in crop-pathogen interactions, as positive or negative regulators of the downstream defense-related genes. NAC TFs link signaling pathways between plant hormones, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA), or other signals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), to regulate the resistance against pathogens. Remarkably, NAC TFs can also contribute to hypersensitive response and stomatal immunity or can be hijacked as virulence targets of pathogen effectors. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the structure, biological functions and signaling networks of NAC TFs in response to pathogens in several main food crops, such as rice, wheat, barley, and tomato, and explore the directions needed to further elucidate the function and mechanisms of these key signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chongying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Z.B.); (H.G.)
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27
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Li T, Wang YH, Huang Y, Liu JX, Xing GM, Sun S, Li S, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. A novel plant protein-disulfide isomerase participates in resistance response against the TYLCV in tomato. PLANTA 2020; 252:25. [PMID: 32681182 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression or silencing of the SlPDI could increase plants resistance or sensitivity to TYLCV through enhancing or reducing the plant's antioxidant capacity. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a plant virus that could infect a variety of crops, is particularly destructive to tomato growth. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) superfamily, is capable of catalyzing the formation and heterogeneity of protein disulfide bonds and inhibiting the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Studies have shown that PDI plays important roles in plant response to abiotic stress, there is no research report on the function of PDI in response to biotic stress, especially TYLCV infection. Here, we identified a tomato PDI gene, SlPDI, was involved in regulating tomato plants resistance to TYLCV. Subcellular localization results showed that SlPDI was located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its location remained unchanged after infection with TYLCV virus. Overexpression or silencing of SlPDI could increase plants resistance or sensitivity to TYLCV. Transgenic plants that overexpressing SlPDI exhibit enhanced antioxidant activity evidenced by lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in comparison with WT plants, after infected by TYLCV. Moreover, the SlPDI-silencing plants showed opposite results. The promoter analyzes result showed that SlPDI was involved in response to salicylic acid (SA), and our experimental results also showed that the expression level of SlPDI was induced by SA. Taken together, our results indicated that SlPDI could regulate plant resistance to TYLCV through enhancing the protein folding function of ER and promoting the synthesis and conformation of antioxidant-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guo-Ming Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Sen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increase Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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28
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Javed T, Shabbir R, Ali A, Afzal I, Zaheer U, Gao SJ. Transcription Factors in Plant Stress Responses: Challenges and Potential for Sugarcane Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E491. [PMID: 32290272 PMCID: PMC7238037 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing vulnerability of crops to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses can have a marked influence on the growth and yield of major crops, especially sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). In response to various stresses, plants have evolved a variety of complex defense systems of signal perception and transduction networks. Transcription factors (TFs) that are activated by different pathways of signal transduction and can directly or indirectly combine with cis-acting elements to modulate the transcription efficiency of target genes, which play key regulators for crop genetic improvement. Over the past decade, significant progresses have been made in deciphering the role of plant TFs as key regulators of environmental responses in particular important cereal crops; however, a limited amount of studies have focused on sugarcane. This review summarizes the potential functions of major TF families, such as WRKY, NAC, MYB and AP2/ERF, in regulating gene expression in the response of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses, which provides important clues for the engineering of stress-tolerant cultivars in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
- Seed Physiology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan;
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
- Seed Physiology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
| | - Irfan Afzal
- Seed Physiology Lab., Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan;
| | - Uroosa Zaheer
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.); (A.A.); (U.Z.)
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29
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Omics applications: towards a sustainable protection of tomato. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4185-4195. [PMID: 32185431 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome data and gene expression analysis have a huge potential in the study of multiple relationships involving plants, pathogens, and pests, including the interactions with beneficial microorganisms such as endophytes or other functional groups. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other recent long-read-based sequencing approaches (i.e., nanopore and others) provide unprecedented tools allowing the fast identification of plant information processing systems, in situ and in real time, fundamental for crop management and pest regulation. Other -omics approaches such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics allow high-resolution insights on the rhizosphere ecology. They may highlight key factors affecting belowground biodiversity or processes, modulating the expression of stress-responsive pathways. The application of miRNAs and other small RNAs is a relatively new field of application, with enormous potential for the selective activation of defense pathways. However, limitations concerning the stability of the RNA molecules and their effective delivery must be overcome.
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30
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Sun D, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Ji X, Jia Y, Wang H, Niu L, Zhang Y. Comparative transcriptome profiling uncovers a Lilium regale NAC transcription factor, LrNAC35, contributing to defence response against cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1662-1681. [PMID: 31560826 PMCID: PMC6859495 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a highly prevalent viral pathogen causing substantial damage to the bulb and cut-flower production of Lilium spp. Here, we performed an Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) study on the leaf tissues of a virus-resistant species Lilium regale inoculated with mock control and CMV. A total of 1346 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaves of L. regale upon CMV inoculation, which contained 34 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated DEGs that encode putative transcription factors (TFs). One up-regulated TF, LrNAC35, belonging to the NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) superfamily, was selected for further functional characterization. Aside from CMV, lily mottle virus and lily symptomless virus infections provoked a striking increase in LrNAC35 transcripts in both resistant and susceptible Lilium species. The treatments with low temperature and several stress-related hormones activated LrNAC35 expression, contrary to its reduced expression under salt stress. Ectopic overexpression of LrNAC35 in petunia (Petunia hybrida) resulted in reduced susceptibility to CMV and Tobacco mosaic virus infections, and enhanced accumulation of lignin in the cell walls. Four lignin biosynthetic genes, including PhC4H, Ph4CL, PhHCT and PhCCR, were found to be up-regulated in CMV-infected petunia lines overexpressing LrNAC35. In vivo promoter-binding tests showed that LrNAC35 specifically regulated the expression of Ph4CL. Taken together, our results suggest a positive role of transcriptome-derived LrNAC35 in transcriptional modulation of host defence against viral attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Yong Jia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityPerth6150Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Pomology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing210014China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and ArtsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China
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Künstler A, Király L, Kátay G, Enyedi AJ, Gullner G. Glutathione Can Compensate for Salicylic Acid Deficiency in Tobacco to Maintain Resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1115. [PMID: 31608082 PMCID: PMC6769422 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that the artificial elevation of endogenous glutathione (GSH) contents can markedly increase the resistance of plants against different viruses. On the other hand, salicylic acid (SA)-deficient NahG plants display enhanced susceptibility to viral infections. In the present study, the biochemical mechanisms underlying GSH-induced resistance were investigated in various tobacco biotypes displaying markedly different GSH and SA levels. The endogenous GSH levels of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NN and N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NN NahG tobacco leaves were increased by infiltration of exogenous GSH or its synthetic precursor R-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine-carboxylic acid (OTC). Alternatively, we also used tobacco lines containing high GSH levels due to transgenes encoding critical enzymes for cysteine and GSH biosynthesis. We crossed Xanthi NN and NahG tobaccos with the GSH overproducer transgenic tobacco lines in order to obtain F1 progenies with increased levels of GSH and decreased levels of SA. We demonstrated that in SA-deficient NahG tobacco the elevation of in planta GSH and GSSG levels either by exogenous GSH or by crossing with glutathione overproducing plants confers enhanced resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) manifested as both reduced symptoms (i.e. suppression of hypersensitive-type localized necrosis) and lower virus titers. The beneficial effects of elevated GSH on TMV resistance was markedly stronger in NahG than in Xanthi NN leaves. Infiltration of exogenous GSH and OTC or crossing with GSH overproducer tobacco lines resulted in a substantial rise of bound SA and to a lesser extent of free SA levels in tobacco, especially following TMV infection. Significant increases in expression of pathogenesis related (NtPR-1a, and NtPRB-1b), and glutathione S-transferase (NtGSTtau, and NtGSTphi) genes were evident in TMV-inoculated leaves in later stages of pathogenesis. However, the highest levels of defense gene expression were associated with SA-deficiency, rather than enhanced TMV resistance. In summary, elevated levels of glutathione in TMV-infected tobacco can compensate for SA deficiency to maintain virus resistance. Our results suggest that glutathione-induced redox changes are important components of antiviral signaling in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Künstler
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Király
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kátay
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander J Enyedi
- Office of Academic Affairs, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, United States
| | - Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Kumar RV. Plant Antiviral Immunity Against Geminiviruses and Viral Counter-Defense for Survival. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1460. [PMID: 31297106 PMCID: PMC6607972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Geminiviridae includes plant-infecting viruses whose genomes are composed of one or two circular non-enveloped ssDNAs(+) of about 2.5-5.2 kb each in size. These insect-transmissible geminiviruses cause significant crop losses across continents and pose a serious threat to food security. Under the control of promoters generally located within the intergenic region, their genomes encode five to eight ORFs from overlapping viral transcripts. Most proteins encoded by geminiviruses perform multiple functions, such as suppressing defense responses, hijacking ubiquitin-proteasomal pathways, altering hormonal responses, manipulating cell cycle regulation, and exploiting protein-signaling cascades. Geminiviruses establish complex but coordinated interactions with several host elements to spread and facilitate successful infection cycles. Consequently, plants have evolved several multilayered defense strategies against geminivirus infection and distribution. Recent studies on the evasion of host-mediated resistance factors by various geminivirus proteins through novel mechanisms have provided new insights into the development of antiviral strategies against geminiviruses. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning virus movement within and between cells, as well as the recent advances in our understanding of the biological roles of virus-encoded proteins in manipulating host-mediated responses and insect transmission. This review also highlights unexplored areas that may increase our understanding of the biology of geminiviruses and how to combat these important plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Vinoth Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
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Li T, Wang YH, Liu JX, Feng K, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches to study biotic stress in fruit crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:680-692. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1608153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Sun Y, Fan M, He Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Watermelon Leaves Reveals Candidate Genes Responsive to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030610. [PMID: 30708960 PMCID: PMC6387395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a member of the genus Tobamovirus, which cause diseases in cucurbits, especially watermelon. In watermelon, symptoms develop on the whole plant, including leaves, stems, peduncles, and fruit. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of watermelon early responses to CGMMV infection, a comparative transcriptome analysis of 24 h CGMMV-infected and mock-inoculated watermelon leaves was performed. A total of 1641 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 886 DEGs upregulated and 755 DEGs downregulated after CGMMV infection. A functional analysis indicated that the DEGs were involved in photosynthesis, plant⁻pathogen interactions, secondary metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, a few transcription factor families, including WRKY, MYB, HLH, bZIP and NAC, were responsive to the CGMMV-induced stress. To confirm the high-throughput sequencing results, 15 DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. The results provide insights into the identification of candidate genes or pathways involved in the responses of watermelon leaves to CGMMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sun
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Fan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yanjun He
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Xu M, Liu CL, Luo J, Qi Z, Yan Z, Fu Y, Wei SS, Tang H. Transcriptomic de novo analysis of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:10. [PMID: 30616517 PMCID: PMC6323817 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is the most serious disease that attacks the pitaya industry. One pathogenic fungus, referred to as ND8, was isolated from the wild-type red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) of Hainan Province. In the early stages of this disease, stems show little spots and a loss of green color. These spots then gradually spread until the stems became rotten due to infection by various strains. Canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum poses a significant threat to pitaya commercial plantations with the growth of stems and the yields, quality of pitaya fruits. However, a lack of transcriptomic and genomic information hinders our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pitaya defense response. RESULTS We investigated the host responses of red-fleshed pitaya (H. polyrhizus) cultivars against N. dimidiatum using Illumina RNA-Seq technology. Significant expression profiles of 23 defense-related genes were further analyzed by qRT-PCR. The total read length based on RNA-Seq was 25,010,007; mean length was 744, the N50 was 1206, and the guanine-cytosine content was 44.48%. Our investigation evaluated 33,584 unigenes, of which 6209 (18.49%) and 27,375 (81.51%) were contigs and singlets, respectively. These unigenes shared a similarity of 16.62% with Vitis vinifera, 7.48% with Theobroma cacao, 6.6% with Nelumbo nucifera and 5.35% with Jatropha curcas. The assembled unigenes were annotated into non-redundant (NR, 25161 unigenes), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, 17895 unigenes), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG, 10475 unigenes), InterPro (19,045 unigenes), and Swiss-Prot public protein databases (16,458 unigenes). In addition, 24 differentially expressed genes, which were mainly associated with plant pathology pathways, were analyzed in-depth. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a basis for further in-depth research on the protein function of the annotated unigene assembly with cDNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Li Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Luo
- University of Sanya, No.191 Yingbin Avenue Xueyuan Road, Sanya, 572000 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Qi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, No.58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228 Hainan People’s Republic of China
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Yang M, Xu Z, Zhao W, Liu Q, Li Q, Lu L, Liu R, Zhang X, Cui F. Rice stripe virus-derived siRNAs play different regulatory roles in rice and in the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:219. [PMID: 30286719 PMCID: PMC6172784 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most plant viruses depend on vector insects for transmission. Upon viral infection, virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) can target both viral and host transcripts. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is a persistent-propagative virus transmitted by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, Fallen) and can cause a severe disease on rice. RESULTS To investigate how vsiRNAs regulate gene expressions in the host plant and the insect vector, we analyzed the expression profiles of small RNAs (sRNAs) and mRNAs in RSV-infected rice and RSV-infected planthopper. We obtained 88,247 vsiRNAs in rice that were predominantly derived from the terminal regions of the RSV RNA segments, and 351,655 vsiRNAs in planthopper that displayed relatively even distributions on RSV RNA segments. 38,112 and 80,698 unique vsiRNAs were found only in rice and planthopper, respectively, while 14,006 unique vsiRNAs were found in both of them. Compared to mock-inoculated rice, 273 genes were significantly down-regulated genes (DRGs) in RSV-infected rice, among which 192 (70.3%) were potential targets of vsiRNAs based on sequence complementarity. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these 192 DRGs were enriched in genes involved in kinase activity, carbohydrate binding and protein binding. Similarly, 265 DRGs were identified in RSV-infected planthoppers, among which 126 (47.5%) were potential targets of vsiRNAs. These planthopper target genes were enriched in genes that are involved in structural constituent of cuticle, serine-type endopeptidase activity, and oxidoreductase activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results reveal that infection by the same virus can generate distinct vsiRNAs in different hosts to potentially regulate different biological processes, thus reflecting distinct virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Chen Xi Lu 1-5, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Chen Xi Lu 1-5, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Chen Xi Lu 1-5, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Chen Xi Lu 1-5, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Chen Xi Lu 1-5, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Chen Xi Lu 1-5, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Chen Xi Lu 1-5, Beijing, 100101 China
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Mathew IE, Agarwal P. May the Fittest Protein Evolve: Favoring the Plant-Specific Origin and Expansion of NAC Transcription Factors. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800018. [PMID: 29938806 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-specific NAC transcription factors (TFs) evolve during the transition from aquatic to terrestrial plant life and are amplified to become one of the biggest TF families. This is because they regulate genes involved in water conductance and cell support. They also control flower and fruit formation. The review presented here focuses on various properties, regulatory intricacies, and developmental roles of NAC family members. Processes controlled by NACs depend majorly on their transcriptional properties. NACs can function as both activators and/or repressors. Additionally, their homo/hetero dimerization abilities can also affect DNA binding and activation properties. The active protein levels are dependent on the regulatory cascades. Because NACs regulate both development and stress responses in plants, in-depth knowledge about them has the potential to help guide future crop improvement studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Elizebeth Mathew
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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The Direct Involvement of Dark-Induced Tic55 Protein in Chlorophyll Catabolism and Its Indirect Role in the MYB108-NAC Signaling Pathway during Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071854. [PMID: 29937503 PMCID: PMC6073118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast relies on proteins encoded in the nucleus, synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently transported into chloroplast through the protein complexes Toc and Tic (Translocon at the outer/inner membrane of chloroplasts). A Tic complex member, Tic55, contains a redox-related motif essential for protein import into chloroplasts in peas. However, Tic55 is not crucial for protein import in Arabidopsis. Here, a tic55-II-knockout mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was characterized for Tic55 localization, its relationship with other translocon proteins, and its association with plant leaf senescence when compared to the wild type. Individually darkened leaves (IDLs) obtained through dark-induced leaf senescence were used to demonstrate chlorophyll breakdown and its relationship with plant senescence in the tic55-II-knockout mutant. The IDLs of the tic55-II-knockout mutant contained higher chlorophyll concentrations than those of the wild type. Our microarray analysis of IDLs during leaf senescence identified seven senescence-associated genes (SAGs) that were downregulated in the tic55-II-knockout mutant: ASP3, APG7, DIN2, DIN11, SAG12, SAG13, and YLS9. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed the reliability of microarray analysis by showing the same expression patterns with those of the microarray data. Thus, Tic55 functions in dark-induced aging in A. thaliana by indirectly regulating downstream SAGs expression. In addition, the expression of four NAC genes, including ANAC003, ANAC010, ANAC042, and ANAC075 of IDL treated tic55-II-knockout mutant appeared to be downregulated. Yeast one hybrid assay revealed that only ANAC003 promoter region can be bound by MYB108, suggesting that a MYB-NAC regulatory network is involved in dark-stressed senescence.
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Jing L, Li J, Song Y, Zhang J, Chen Q, Han Q. Characterization of a Potential Ripening Regulator, SlNAC3, from Solanum Lycopersicum. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:518-526. [PMID: 33817122 PMCID: PMC7874718 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC (for NAM, ATAF1-2, and CUC2) proteins are one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. They have various functions and are closely related to developmental processes of fruits. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model plant for studies of fruit growth patterns. In this study, the functional characteristics and action mechanisms of a new NAC-type transcription factor, SlNAC3 (SGN-U568609), were examined to determine its role in tomato development and ripening. The SlNAC3 protein was produced by prokaryotic expression and used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits to obtain a specific polyclonal antibody against SlNAC3. By co-immunoprecipitation and MALDI-TOF-MS assays, we showed that there was an interaction between the SlNAC3 protein and Polygalacturonase-2 (PG-2), which is related to the ripening and softening of fruit. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the genome of the highly stress-tolerant Solanum pennellii chromosome 10 (sequence ID, HG975449.1), further demonstrating that SlNAC3 is a negative regulator of drought and salinity stress resistance in tomato, consistent with previous reports. These results indicate that SlNAC3 is not only involved in abiotic stress, but also plays a necessary role in mediating tomato ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Jing
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming650500, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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