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Li R, Gao X, Wu Y, Wei C, Li MH, Liu DK, Liu ZJ. Identification and Analysis of PEPC Gene Family Reveals Functional Diversification in Orchidaceae and the Regulation of Bacterial-Type PEPC. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2055. [PMID: 38396732 PMCID: PMC10888551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene family plays a crucial role in both plant growth and response to abiotic stress. Approximately half of the Orchidaceae species are estimated to perform CAM pathway, and the availability of sequenced orchid genomes makes them ideal subjects for investigating the PEPC gene family in CAM plants. In this study, a total of 33 PEPC genes were identified across 15 orchids. Specifically, one PEPC gene was found in Cymbidium goeringii and Platanthera guangdongensis; two in Apostasia shenzhenica, Dendrobium chrysotoxum, D. huoshanense, Gastrodia elata, G. menghaiensis, Phalaenopsis aphrodite, Ph. equestris, and Pl. zijinensis; three in C. ensifolium, C. sinense, D. catenatum, D. nobile, and Vanilla planifolia. These PEPC genes were categorized into four subgroups, namely PEPC-i, PEPC-ii, and PEPC-iii (PTPC), and PEPC-iv (BTPC), supported by the comprehensive analyses of their physicochemical properties, motif, and gene structures. Remarkably, PEPC-iv contained a heretofore unreported orchid PEPC gene, identified as VpPEPC4. Differences in the number of PEPC homolog genes among these species were attributed to segmental duplication, whole-genome duplication (WGD), or gene loss events. Cis-elements identified in promoter regions were predominantly associated with light responsiveness, and circadian-related elements were observed in each PEPC-i and PEPC-ii gene. The expression levels of recruited BTPC, VpPEPC4, exhibited a lower expression level than other VpPEPCs in the tested tissues. The expression analyses and RT-qPCR results revealed diverse expression patterns in orchid PEPC genes. Duplicated genes exhibited distinct expression patterns, suggesting functional divergence. This study offered a comprehensive analysis to unveil the evolution and function of PEPC genes in Orchidaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Xuyong Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Chunyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ming-He Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (M.-H.L.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ding-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (M.-H.L.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at Landscape Architecture and Arts, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.L.); (X.G.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (M.-H.L.)
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Adavi B S, Pandesha PH, B J, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V, Sathee L. Nitrate supply regulates tissue calcium abundance and transcript level of Calcineurin B-like (CBL) gene family in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107724. [PMID: 37172401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is the most ubiquitous signalling molecule and is sensed by different classes of Ca2+ sensor proteins. Recent evidences underscore the role of calcium signalling in plant response to nitrogen/nitrate supply. Recently we found that under nitrate deficiency, a short-term supply of calcium could improve the plant biomass, nitrate assimilation, anthocyanin accumulation and expression of nitrate uptake and signalling genes. Long-term calcium supply, on the other hand, was not beneficial. Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins are one of the vital plant Ca2+ sensory protein family which is essential for stress perception and signaling. To understand the dynamics of CBL-mediated stress signalling in bread wheat, we identified CBL genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its progenitors, namely Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii with the aid of newly available whole-genome sequence. The expression of different CBLs and the changes in root Ca2+ localization in response to nitrate provision or deficiency were analysed. Expression of the CBLs were studied in two bread wheat genotypes with comparatively higher (B.T. Schomburgk, BTS) and lower (Gluyas early, GE) nitrate responsiveness and nitrogen use efficiency. High N promoted the expression of CBLs in seedling leaves while in roots the expression was promoted by N deficiency. At the 5 days after anthesis stage, nitrate starvation downregulated the expression of CBLs while nitrate supply enhanced the expression. At anthesis stage, expression of CBL6 was significantly promoted by HN in panicles of both the genotypes, the highest expression was recorded in BTS. Expression of CBL6 was significantly upregulated by short term nitrate treatment also suggesting its role in Primary nitrate response (PNR) in wheat. There was a significant down regulation of CBL6 expression post nitrate starvation, making it a probable regulator of nitrogen starvation response (NSR) as well. In seedling roots, the tissue localization of Ca2+ was increased both by high and low nitrate treatments, albeit at different magnitudes. Our results suggest that calcium signalling might be a major signalling pathway governing nitrogen responsiveness and CBL6 might be playing pivotal role in NSR and PNR in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Adavi B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratheek H Pandesha
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagadhesan B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Behera D, Swain A, Karmakar S, Dash M, Swain P, Baig MJ, Molla KA. Overexpression of Setaria italica phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene in rice positively impacts photosynthesis and agronomic traits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:169-181. [PMID: 36417836 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
C4 plants have the inherent capacity to concentrate atmospheric CO2 in the vicinity of RuBisCo, thereby increasing carboxylation, and inhibiting photorespiration. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), the first enzyme of C4 photosynthesis, converts atmospheric CO2 to HCO3-, which is utilized by PEPC to produce C4 acids. Bioengineering of C4 traits into C3 crops is an attractive strategy to increase photosynthesis and water use efficiency. In the present study, we isolated the PEPC gene from the C4 plant Setaria italica and transferred it to C3 rice. Overexpression of SiPEPC resulted in a 2-6-fold increment in PEPC enzyme activity in transgenic lines with respect to non-transformed control. Photosynthetic efficiency was enhanced in transformed plants, which was associated with increased ФPSII, ETR, lower NPQ, and higher chlorophyll accumulation. Water use efficiency was increased by 16-22% in PEPC transgenic rice lines. Increased PEPC activity enhanced quantum yield and carboxylation efficiency of PEPC transgenic lines. Transgenic plants exhibited higher light saturation photosynthesis rate and lower CO2 compensation point, as compared to non-transformed control. An increase in net photosynthesis increased the yield by (23-28.9%) and biomass by (24.1-29%) in transgenic PEPC lines. Altogether, our findings indicate that overexpression of C4-specific SiPEPC enzyme is able to enhance photosynthesis and related parameters in transgenic rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaka Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Subhasis Karmakar
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Manaswini Dash
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Padmini Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Mirza J Baig
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India.
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Chen S, Peng W, Ansah EO, Xiong F, Wu Y. Encoded C 4 homologue enzymes genes function under abiotic stresses in C3 plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2115634. [PMID: 36102341 PMCID: PMC9481101 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant organisms assimilate CO2 through the photosynthetic pathway, which facilitates in the synthesis of sugar for plant development. As environmental elements including water level, CO2 concentration, temperature and soil characteristics change, the plants may recruit series of genes to help adapt the hostile environments and challenges. C4 photosynthesis plants are an excellent example of plant evolutionary adaptation to diverse condition. Compared with C3 photosynthesis plants, C4 photosynthesis plants have altered leaf anatomy and new metabolism for CO2 capture, with multiple related enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), NAD(P)-malic enzyme (NAD(P)-ME), NAD(P) - malate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)-MDH) and carbonic anhydrases (CA), identified to participate in the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) pathway. Recently, great achievements about C4 CCM-related genes have been made in the dissection of C3 plant development processes involving various stresses. In this review, we describe the functions of C4 CCM-related homologous genes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in C3 plants. We further summarize C4 CCM-related homologous genes' functions in response to stresses in C3 plants. The understanding of C4 CCM-related genes' function in response to abiotic stress in plant is important to modify the crop plants for climate diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wangmenghan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ebenezer Ottopah Ansah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Li Y, Li S, Feng Q, Zhang J, Han X, Zhang L, Yang F, Zhou J. Effects of exogenous Strigolactone on the physiological and ecological characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. Seedlings under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:578. [PMID: 36510126 PMCID: PMC9743734 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Pennisetum purpureum Schum. was used to explore the mitigation effects of exogenous strigolactone (SL) on drought stress during the seedling stage. The effects of different concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 μmol·L- 1) of SL on the photosynthesis characteristics, growth performance, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) of P. purpureum under drought stress were studied. RESULTS Exogenous SL could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on P. purpureum growth. Compared with drought stress, the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency of the leaves of P. purpureum after SL treatment significantly increased, thereby exerting a significant mitigation effect on the decrease in photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency and the performance index based on light absorption caused by drought. Moreover, the exogenous application of SL can effectively increase the fresh and dry weight of the leaves and roots and the main-root length. After applying SL for 120 h, the ABA content of P. purpureum decreased significantly. The activity of key enzymes of photosynthesis significantly increased after 48 h of external application of SL to P. purpureum. CONCLUSIONS SL treatment can improve the photosynthesis performance of P. purpureum leaves under drought conditions and increase the antioxidant capacity of the leaves, thereby reducing the adverse effects of drought, promoting the growth of P. purpureum, and effectively improving the drought resistance of P. purpureum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sutao Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qixian Feng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xuelin Han
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Transcriptional Comparison of Genes Associated with Photosynthesis, Photorespiration, and Photo-Assimilate Allocation and Metabolic Profiling of Rice Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168901. [PMID: 36012167 PMCID: PMC9408291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing human population alongside environmental deterioration has presented a pressing demand for increased food production per unit area. As a consequence, considerable research effort is currently being expended in assessing approaches to enhance crop yields. One such approach is to harness the allelic variation lost in domestication. This is of particular importance since crop wild relatives often exhibit better tolerance to abiotic stresses. Here, we wanted to address the question as to why wild rice species have decreased grain production despite being characterized by enhanced rates of photosynthesis. In order to do so, we selected ten rice species on the basis of the presence of genome information, life span, the prominence of distribution, and habitat type and evaluated the expression of genes in photosynthesis, photorespiration, sucrose and starch synthesis, sucrose transport, and primary and secondary cell walls. We additionally measured the levels of a range of primary metabolites via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the wild rice species exhibited not only higher photosynthesis but also superior CO2 recovery by photorespiration; showed greater production of photosynthates such as soluble sugars and starch and quick transportation to the sink organs with a possibility of transporting forms such as RFOs, revealing the preferential consumption of soluble sugars to develop both primary and secondary cell walls; and, finally, displayed high glutamine/glutamic acid ratios, indicating that they likely exhibited high N-use efficiency. The findings from the current study thus identify directions for future rice improvement through breeding.
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Conservation and Divergence of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene Family in Cotton. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111482. [PMID: 35684256 PMCID: PMC9182757 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is an important enzyme in plants, which regulates carbon flow through the TCA cycle and controls protein and oil biosynthesis. Although it is important, there is little research on PEPC in cotton, the most important fiber crop in the world. In this study, a total of 125 PEPCs were identified in 15 Gossypium genomes. All PEPC genes in cotton are divided into six groups and each group generally contains one PEPC member in each diploid cotton and two in each tetraploid cotton. This suggests that PEPC genes already existed in cotton before their divergence. There are additional PEPC sub-groups in other plant species, suggesting the different evolution and natural selection during different plant evolution. PEPC genes were independently evolved in each cotton sub-genome. During cotton domestication and evolution, certain PEPC genes were lost and new ones were born to face the new environmental changes and human being needs. The comprehensive analysis of collinearity events and selection pressure shows that genome-wide duplication and fragment duplication are the main methods for the expansion of the PEPC family, and they continue to undergo purification selection during the evolutionary process. PEPC genes were widely expressed with temporal and spatial patterns. The expression patterns of PEPC genes were similar in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense with a slight difference. PEPC2A and 2D were highly expressed in cotton reproductive tissues, including ovule and fiber at all tested developmental stages in both cultivated cottons. However, PEPC1A and 1D were dominantly expressed in vegetative tissues. Abiotic stress also induced the aberrant expression of PEPC genes, in which PEPC1 was induced by both chilling and salinity stresses while PEPC5 was induced by chilling and drought stresses. Each pair (A and D) of PEPC genes showed the similar response to cotton development and different abiotic stress, suggesting the similar function of these PEPCs no matter their origination from A or D sub-genome. However, some divergence was also observed among their origination, such as PEPC5D was induced but PEPC5A was inhibited in G. barbadense during drought treatment, suggesting that a different organized PEPC gene may evolve different functions during cotton evolution. During cotton polyploidization, the homologues genes may refunction and play different roles in different situations.
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Scartazza A, Di Baccio D, Mariotti L, Bettarini I, Selvi F, Pazzagli L, Colzi I, Gonnelli C. Photosynthesizing while hyperaccumulating nickel: Insights from the genus Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 176:9-20. [PMID: 35182963 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-induced changes in photosynthetic activity were investigated in three Ni-hyperaccumulating Odontarrhena species with increasing Ni tolerance and accumulation capacity, O. muralis, O. moravensis, and O. chalcidica. Plantlets were grown in hydroponics at increasing NiSO4 concentrations (0, 0.25, and 1 mM) for one week, and the effects of Ni on growth, metal accumulation, photosynthesis, and nitrogen (N) allocation to components of the photosynthetic apparatus were analysed. Nickel treatments in O. chalcidica, and O. moravensis to a lesser extent, increased not only the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the CO2 assimilation rate, but also CO2 diffusion from the atmosphere to the carboxylation sites. These two species displayed a specific increase and/or rearrangement of the photosynthetic pigments and a higher leaf N allocation to the photosynthetic components in the presence of the metal. Odontarrhena muralis displayed a decrease in photosynthetic performance at the lowest Ni concentration due to a combination of both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Our data represent the first complete investigation of the effects of Ni on the photosynthetic machinery in Ni hyperaccumulating plants. Our findings clearly indicate a stimulatory, hormetic-like, effect of the metal on both biophysics and biochemistry of photosynthesis in the species with the highest hyperaccumulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via Mariscoglio 34, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Isabella Bettarini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest Sciences, Laboratories of Botany, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P. le Cascine 28, I-50144, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
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Jian SF, Huang XJ, Yang XN, Zhong C, Miao JH. Sulfur Regulates the Trade-Off Between Growth and Andrographolide Accumulation via Nitrogen Metabolism in Andrographis paniculata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:687954. [PMID: 34335655 PMCID: PMC8317024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and metabolism. Here, we investigated their interaction in plant growth and andrographolide accumulation in medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata grown at different N (4 and 8 mmol·L-1) and S concentration levels (0.1 and 2.4 mmol L-1). We found that increasing the S application rate enhanced the accumulation of andrographolide compounds (AGCs) in A. paniculata. Simultaneously, salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid 4 (GA4) concentrations were increased but trehalose/trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre/Tre6P) concentrations were decreased by high S, suggesting that they were involved in the S-mediated accumulation of AGCs. However, S affected plant growth differentially at different N levels. Metabolite analysis revealed that high S induced increases in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and photorespiration under low N conditions, which promoted N assimilation and S metabolism, and simultaneously increased carbohydrate consumption and inhibited plant growth. In contrast, high S reduced N and S concentrations in plants and promoted plant growth under high N conditions. Taken together, the results indicated that increasing the S application rate is an effective strategy to improve AGC accumulation in A. paniculata. Nevertheless, the interaction of N and S affected the trade-off between plant growth and AGC accumulation, in which N metabolism plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Fen Jian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Jing Huang
- College of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
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Lian L, Lin Y, Wei Y, He W, Cai Q, Huang W, Zheng Y, Xu H, Wang F, Zhu Y, Luo X, Xie H, Zhang J. PEPC of sugarcane regulated glutathione S-transferase and altered carbon-nitrogen metabolism under different N source concentrations in Oryza sativa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:287. [PMID: 34167489 PMCID: PMC8223297 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays an important role in the primary metabolism of higher plants. Several studies have revealed the critical importance of PEPC in the interaction of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. However, the function mechanism of PEPC in nitrogen metabolism is unclear and needs further investigation. RESULTS This study indicates that transgenic rice expressing the sugarcane C4-PEPC gene displayed shorter primary roots and fewer crown roots at the seedling stage. However, total nitrogen content was significantly higher in transgenic rice than in wild type (WT) plants. Proteomic analysis revealed that there were more differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) responding to nitrogen changes in transgenic rice. In particular, the most enriched pathway "glutathione (GSH) metabolism", which mainly contains GSH S-transferase (GST), was identified in transgenic rice. The expression of endogenous PEPC, GST and several genes involved in the TCA cycle, glycolysis and nitrogen assimilation changed in transgenic rice. Correspondingly, the activity of enzymes including GST, citrate synthase, 6-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase significantly changed. In addition, the levels of organic acids in the TCA cycle and carbohydrates including sucrose, starch and soluble sugar altered in transgenic rice under different nitrogen source concentrations. GSH that the substrate of GST and its components including glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine accumulated in transgenic rice. Moreover, the levels of phytohormones including indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT) and isopentenyladenosine (2ip) were lower in the roots of transgenic rice under total nutrients. Taken together, the phenotype, physiological and biochemical characteristics of transgenic rice expressing C4-PEPC were different from WT under different nitrogen levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the possibility that PEPC affects nitrogen metabolism through regulating GST, which provide a new direction and concepts for the further study of the PEPC functional mechanism in nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lian
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuelong Lin
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yidong Wei
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei He
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuhua Cai
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanmei Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huaan Xie
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350019, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture/South-China Base of National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice of China/National Engineering Laboratory of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 350003, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Kong L, Zhang Y, Du W, Xia H, Fan S, Zhang B. Signaling Responses to N Starvation: Focusing on Wheat and Filling the Putative Gaps With Findings Obtained in Other Plants. A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656696. [PMID: 34135921 PMCID: PMC8200679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide. In recent decades, fertilizers, especially nitrogen (N), have been increasingly utilized to maximize wheat productivity. However, a large proportion of N is not used by plants and is in fact lost into the environment and causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, achieving a low N optimum via efficient physiological and biochemical processes in wheat grown under low-N conditions is highly important for agricultural sustainability. Although N stress-related N capture in wheat has become a heavily researched subject, how this plant adapts and responds to N starvation has not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling mechanisms activated in wheat plants in response to N starvation. Furthermore, we filled the putative gaps on this subject with findings obtained in other plants, primarily rice, maize, and Arabidopsis. Phytohormones have been determined to play essential roles in sensing environmental N starvation and transducing this signal into an adjustment of N transporters and phenotypic adaptation. The critical roles played by protein kinases and critical kinases and phosphatases, such as MAPK and PP2C, as well as the multifaceted functions of transcription factors, such as NF-Y, MYB, DOF, and WRKY, in regulating the expression levels of their target genes (proteins) for low-N tolerance are also discussed. Optimization of root system architecture (RSA) via root branching and thinning, improvement of N acquisition and assimilation, and fine-tuned autophagy are pivotal strategies by which plants respond to N starvation. In light of these findings, we attempted to construct regulatory networks for RSA modification and N uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wanying Du
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyong Xia
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhang,
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Hu Y, Siddiqui MH, Li C, Jiang L, Zhang H, Zhao X. Polyamine Metabolism, Photorespiration, and Excitation Energy Allocation in Photosystem II Are Potentially Regulatory Hubs in Poplar Adaptation to Soil Nitrogen Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1271. [PMID: 32983189 PMCID: PMC7479266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization is common for poplar trees to improve growth and productivity. The utilization of N by poplar largely depends on fertilizer application patterns; however, the underlying regulatory hubs are not fully understood. In this study, N utilization and potentially physiological regulations of two poplar clones (XQH and BC5) were assessed through two related experiments (i: five levels of N supply and ii: conventional and exponential N additions). Poplar growth (leaf area) and N utilization significantly increased under fertilized compared to unfertilized conditions, whereas photosynthetic N utilization efficiency significantly decreased under low N supplies. Growth characteristics were better in the XQH than in the BC5 clone under the same N supplies, indicating higher N utilization efficiency. Leaf absorbed light energy, and thermal dissipation fraction was significantly different for XQH clone between conventional and exponential N additions. Leaf concentrations of putrescine (Put) and acetylated Put were significantly higher in exponential than in conventional N addition. Photorespiration significantly increased in leaves of XQH clone under exponential compared to conventional N addition. Our results indicate that an interaction of the clone and N supply pattern significantly occurs in poplar growth; leaf expansion and the storage N allocations are the central hubs in the regulation of poplar N utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Forestry College, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunming Li
- Institute of Forestry Science, Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin, China
| | - Luping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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