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Li S, Liu X, Yin L, Wang S, Deng X. Alteration in lipid metabolism is involved in nitrogen deficiency response in wheat seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108883. [PMID: 38943879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Changes of membrane lipid composition contribute to plant adaptation to various abiotic stresses. Here, a comparative study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of how lipid alteration affects plant growth and development under nitrogen (N) deficiency. Two wheat cultivars: the N deficiency-tolerant cultivar Xiaoyan 6 (XY) and the N deficiency-sensitive cultivar Aikang 58 (AK) were used to test if the high N-deficiency tolerance was related with lipid metabolism. The results showed that N deficiency inhibited the morpho-physiological parameters in both XY and AK cultivars, which showed a significant decrease in biomass, N content, photosynthetic efficiency, and lipid contents. However, these decreases were more pronounced in AK than XY. In addition, XY showed a notable increase in fatty acid unsaturation, relatively well-maintained chloroplast ultrastructure, and minimized damage of lipid peroxidation and enhanced PSII activity under N-deficient condition, as compared with AK. Transcription levels of many genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid desaturation were up-regulated in response to N deficiency in two wheat cultivars, while the expressions were much higher in XY than AK under N deficiency. These results highlight the importance of alterations in lipid metabolism in N deficiency tolerance in wheat. High levels of lipid content and unsaturated fatty acids maintained the membrane structure and function, contributing to high photosynthesis and antioxidant capacities, thereby improved the tolerance to N deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China
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Yang C, Ma J, Qi C, Ma Y, Xiong H, Duan R. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, Evolutionary Analysis, and Expression Pattern of the GPAT Gene Family in Barley and Functional Analysis of HvGPAT18 under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6101. [PMID: 38892304 PMCID: PMC11172788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphoacyltransferase (GPAT) is an important rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG), which is of great significance for plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. Although the characteristics of GPAT have been studied in many model plants, little is known about its expression profile and function in barley, especially under abiotic stress. In this study, 22 GPAT genes were identified in the barley genome and divided into three groups (I, II, III), with the latter Group III subdivided further into three subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis. The analyses of conserved motifs, gene structures, and the three-dimensional structure of HvGPAT proteins also support this classification. Through evolutionary analysis, we determined that HvGPATs in Group I were the earliest to diverge during 268.65 MYA, and the differentiation of other HvGPATs emerged during 86.83-169.84 MYA. The tissue expression profile showed that 22 HvGPAT genes were almost not expressed in INF1 (inflorescence 1). Many functional elements related to stress responses and hormones in cis-element analysis, as well as qRT-PCR results, confirm that these HvGPAT genes were involved in abiotic stress responses. The expression level of HvGPAT18 was significantly increased under abiotic stress and its subcellular localization indicated its function in the endoplasmic reticulum. Various physiological traits under abiotic stress were evaluated using transgenic Arabidopsis to gain further insight into the role of HvGPAT18, and it was found that transgenic seedlings have stronger resistance under abiotic stress than to the wild-type (WT) plants. Overall, our results provide new insights into the evolution and function of the barley GPAT gene family and enable us to explore the molecular mechanism of functional diversity behind the evolutionary history of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglan Yang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.Y.); (J.M.); (C.Q.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jianzhi Ma
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.Y.); (J.M.); (C.Q.); (Y.M.)
| | - Cunying Qi
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.Y.); (J.M.); (C.Q.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yinhua Ma
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.Y.); (J.M.); (C.Q.); (Y.M.)
| | - Huiyan Xiong
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Ruijun Duan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.Y.); (J.M.); (C.Q.); (Y.M.)
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Bai Y, Yang Q, Gan Y, Li M, Zhao Z, Dong E, Li C, He D, Mei X, Cai Y. The ZmNF-YC1-ZmAPRG pathway modulates low phosphorus tolerance in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2867-2881. [PMID: 38393826 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and yield. Low phosphate use efficiency makes it important to clarify the molecular mechanism of low P stress. In our previous studies, a P efficiency gene ZmAPRG was identified. Here, we further screened the upstream regulator ZmNF-YC1 of ZmAPRG by yeast one hybrid (Y1H) assay, and found it was a low inorganic phosphorus (Pi)-inducible gene. The results of dual luciferase assays, expression analysis, and ChIP-qPCR assays showed that ZmNF-YC1 is a positive regulator of ZmAPRG. Overexpression of ZmNF-YC1 improved low P tolerance, whereas knockout of ZmNF-YC1 decreased low P tolerance in maize. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assay, and yeast three hybrid (Y3H) assay further showed that ZmNF-YC1 can interact with ZmNF-YB14, and recruit ZmNF-YA4/10 to form NF-Y complexes. Transcriptional activation assay confirmed that the NF-Y complexes can activate the promoters of ZmAPRG. Meanwhile, transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that overexpression of ZmAPRG improves low P tolerance by regulating lipid composition and photosynthetic capacity, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters provided evidence in support of this hypothesis. Furthermore, overexpression of ZmAPRG increased grain yield in inbred and hybrid maize under low P conditions. Taken together, our research revealed a low P tolerance mechanism of the ZmNF-YC1-ZmAPRG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuling Gan
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Zikun Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Erfei Dong
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di He
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiupeng Mei
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Liu Y, Wu G, Ke X, Zheng Z, Zheng Y. Loss-of-Function of ATS1 Enhances Arabidopsis Salt Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2646. [PMID: 37514260 PMCID: PMC10385056 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of lipid metabolism in various biological processes, little is known about the functionality of ATS1, a plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase catalyzing the initial step of the prokaryotic glycerolipids biosynthetic pathway, in plant response to salt stress. In this study, both the loss-of-function mutants and the overexpression lines of ATS1 were analyzed for salt tolerance properties. The results showed that ATS1 overexpression lines had lower seed germination, shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, the proportion of relatively normal pod, and higher root/shoot ratio and anthocyanidin content compared with the wild type. Physiological and biochemical analysis revealed that ats1 mutants had more unsaturated fatty acids to stabilize the plasma membrane under salt damage. Additionally, less induction of three main antioxidant enzymes activity and lower MDA content in ats1 mutants indicated that mutation of the ATS1 gene could reduce the damage extent. Furthermore, the ats1 mutants maintained the K+/Na+ homeostasis by upregulating HAK5 expression to increase K+ absorption and down-regulating HKT1 expression to prevent Na+ uptake. This study suggested that the ATS1 gene negatively affects salt resistance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guifen Wu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xingxing Ke
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yueping Zheng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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5
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Khan AH, Min L, Ma Y, Zeeshan M, Jin S, Zhang X. High-temperature stress in crops: male sterility, yield loss and potential remedy approaches. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:680-697. [PMID: 36221230 PMCID: PMC10037161 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security is one of the utmost essential challenges in the 21st century in providing enough food for the growing population while coping with the already stressed environment. High temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, development and reproduction and causes male sterility in plants. In male reproductive tissues, metabolic changes induced by HT involve carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, epigenetics and reactive oxygen species, leading to male sterility and ultimately reducing yield. Understanding the mechanism and genes involved in these pathways during the HT stress response will provide a new path to improve crops by using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, this review provides insight into male sterility and integrates this with suggested strategies to enhance crop tolerance under HT stress conditions at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro‐Environment and Agro‐Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of AgricultureGuanxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Guan S, Kang X, Ge J, Fei R, Duan S, Sun X. An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation system and its application in gene function elucidation in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:999433. [PMID: 36275545 PMCID: PMC9582852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. is known as the king of herbaceous flowers with high ornamental and precious medicinal value. However, the lack of a stable genetic transformation system has greatly affected the research of gene function in P. lactiflora. The Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression is a powerful tool for the characterization of gene function in plants. In this study, the seedlings of P. lactiflora were used as the transformation receptor materials, and the efficient transient transformation system with a GUS reporter gene was successfully established by Agrobacterium harboring pCAMBIA1301. To optimize the system, we investigated the effects of germination time, Agrobacterium cell density, infection time, acetosyringone (AS) concentration, co-culture time, negative pressure intensity, Tween-20 concentration and different receptor materials on the transient transformation efficiency of P. lactiflora. The results showed that the highest transient transformation efficiency (93.3%) could be obtained when seedlings in 2-3 cm bud length were subjected to 12 h infection of resuspension solution comprising 1.2 OD600 Agrobacterium, 200 μM AS and 0.01% Tween-20 under 10 of negative pressure intensity followed by 3 days of co-culture in darkness condition. This method is more suitable for the study of gene function in P. lactiflora. Subsequently, stress resistance genes PlGPAT, PlDHN2 and PlHD-Zip were used to verify the effectiveness of this transformation system. These results can provide critical information for identification of key genes in non-model plants, such as P. lactiflora, and promote the development of molecular biology research for P. lactiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Guan
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuening Kang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayuan Ge
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Riwen Fei
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyang Duan
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Xu S, Zhang Y, Liu G, Aghaei-Dargiri S, Ghaderi Zefrehei M, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Fatty acid Desaturase Gene Family in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911109. [PMID: 36232411 PMCID: PMC9570219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) modulate carbon–carbon single bonds to form carbon–carbon double bonds in acyl chains, leading to unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that have vital roles in plant growth and development and their response to environmental stresses. In this study, a total of 23 Populus trichocarpaFAD (PtFAD) candidates were identified from the poplar genome and clustered into seven clades, including FAB2, FAD2, FAD3/7/8, FAD5, FAD6, DSD, and SLD. The exon–intron compositions and conserved motifs of the PtFADs, clustered into the same clade, were considerably conserved. It was found that segmental duplication events are predominantly attributable to the PtFAD gene family expansion. Several hormone- and stress-responsive elements in the PtFAD promoters implied that the expression of the PtFAD members was complicatedly regulated. A gene expression pattern analysis revealed that some PtFAD mRNA levels were significantly induced by abiotic stress. An interaction proteins and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the PtFADs are closely associated with the UFAs biosynthesis. In addition, the UFA contents in poplars were significantly changed under drought and salt stresses, especially the ratio of linoleic and linolenic acids. The integration of the PtFAD expression patterns and UFA contents showed that the abiotic stress-induced PtFAD3/7/8 members mediating the conversion of linoleic and linolenic acids play vital roles in response to osmotic stress. This study highlights the profiles and functions of the PtFADs and identifies some valuable genes for forest improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Songzhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Soheila Aghaei-Dargiri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 7916193145, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj 7591874831, Iran
| | - Sheng Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.Z.)
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Xu H, Hassan MA, Sun D, Wu Z, Jiang G, Liu B, Ni Q, Yang W, Fang H, Li J, Chen X. Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Source-Sink Organs in Wheat and Phosphorus Mitigation Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:807844. [PMID: 35222472 PMCID: PMC8873184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century presents many challenges to mankind, including climate change, fast growing human population, and serious concerns over food security. Wheat is a leading cereal crop that largely fulfills the global food needs. Low temperature stress accompanied by nutrient-starved soils is badly disrupting the source-sink relationship of wheat, thus causing an acute decline in final yield and deteriorating the grain quality. This review paper aimed to understand how low temperature stress affects wheat source-sink organs (i.e., leaves, roots, and spikes) and how phosphorus application reliefs in alleviating its harmful consequences. Also, we discussed mitigation strategies to enhance wheat capacity to adapt to varying temperature extremes and made rational recommendations based on modern agronomic and breeding approaches. Therefore, this study is likely to establish a solid foundation for improving the tolerance to low temperature stress and to improve its phosphorus utilization efficiency in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Dongyue Sun
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaochen Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenkang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Fang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jincai Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Time-course transcriptome profiling revealed the specific expression patterns of MADS-box genes associated with the distinct developmental processes between winter and spring wheat. Gene 2022; 809:146030. [PMID: 34673213 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The shoot apex is a region where new cells are produced and elongate. The developmental state of the wheat shoot apex under low temperature affects its cold resistance. In this study, the morphology of shoot apex before overwintering was characterized for 24 wheat line with different winter and spring characteristics. Our research showed that the shoot apex of autumn-sown spring wheat lines reached the temperature sensitive double-ridge stage before overwintering, whereas shoot apex of winter wheat lines are found in temperature-insensitive vegetative or elongation stages. In order to explore how gene expression is associated with shoot apex differentiation in winter and spring wheat, we used strand-specific RNA sequencing to profile the gene expression patterns at four time-points between 14 after germination and 45 days after germination in the winter wheat cultivar Dongnongdongmai No. 1 (DM1) and in the spring wheat cultivar China Spring (CS). We identified 11,848 differentially expressed genes between the two cultivars. Most up-regulated genes in CS were involved in energy metabolism and transport during the seedling stage, whereas up-regulated genes in DM1 were involved in protein and DNA synthesis. MADS-box genes affect plant growth and development. In this study, MADS-boxes with differential expression between CS and DM1 were screened and evolutionary tree analysis was conducted. During all sampling periods, CS highly expressed MADS-box genes that induce flowering promotion genes such as VRN1, VRT and AG, while lowly expressed MADS-box genes that induce flowering-inhibiting homologous genes such as SVP. TaVRN1 composition in DM1 and CS was vrn-A1, vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1b. Analysis of the sequence of TaVRN1 (TraesCS5A01G391700) from DM1 and CS revealed 5 SNP differences in the promoter regions and 3 SNP deletions in the intron regions. The expression levels of cold resistant genes in DM1 were significantly higher than those in CS at seedling stage (neither DM1 nor CS experienced cold in this study), including CBF, cold induced protein,acid desaturase and proline rich proteins. Additionally, the expression levels of auxin-related genes were significantly higher in CS than those in DM1 at 45 days after germination. Our study identified candidate genes associated with the process of differentiation of the shoot apex in winter and spring wheat at the seedling stage and also raised an internal stress tolerance model for winter wheat to endogenously anticipate the coming stressful conditions in winter.
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10
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Chaudhry S, Sidhu GPS. Climate change regulated abiotic stress mechanisms in plants: a comprehensive review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1-31. [PMID: 34351488 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems. Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions that affect abiotic and biotic components of the world. It results in alteration in environmental conditions such as heat waves, intensity of rainfall, CO2 concentration and temperature that lead to rise in new pests, weeds and pathogens. Climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth and development worldwide. It impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and reduces physiological responses in plants. The variations in global climate have gained the attention of researchers worldwide, as these changes negatively affect the agriculture by reducing crop productivity and food security. With this background, this review focuses on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, drought and salinity on the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plants. Furthermore, this paper outlines an overview on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their impact on the biochemical and molecular status of plants with increased climatic variations. Also additionally, different tolerance strategies adopted by plants to combat environmental adversities have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chaudhry
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
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11
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Song Y, Feng L, Alyafei MAM, Jaleel A, Ren M. Function of Chloroplasts in Plant Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413464. [PMID: 34948261 PMCID: PMC8705820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast has a central position in oxygenic photosynthesis and primary metabolism. In addition to these functions, the chloroplast has recently emerged as a pivotal regulator of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Chloroplasts have their own independent genomes and gene-expression machinery and synthesize phytohormones and a diverse range of secondary metabolites, a significant portion of which contribute the plant response to adverse conditions. Furthermore, chloroplasts communicate with the nucleus through retrograde signaling, for instance, reactive oxygen signaling. All of the above facilitate the chloroplast’s exquisite flexibility in responding to environmental stresses. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of chloroplasts in plant regulatory responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses including heat, chilling, salinity, drought, high light environmental stress conditions, and pathogen invasions. This review will enrich the better understanding of interactions between chloroplast and environmental stresses, and will lay the foundation for genetically enhancing plant-stress acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mohammed Abdul Muhsen Alyafei
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.M.A.); (A.J.)
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.M.A.); (A.J.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(13)-527313471
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12
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Wang Y, Du F, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zheng T, Li Z, Xu J, Wang W, Fu B. Molecular Dissection of the Gene OsGA2ox8 Conferring Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179107. [PMID: 34502018 PMCID: PMC8430958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) plays an important role in the GA catabolic pathway and the molecular function of the OsGA2ox genes in plant abiotic stress tolerance remains largely unknown. In this study, we functionally characterized the rice gibberellin 2-oxidase 8 (OsGA2ox8) gene. The OsGA2ox8 protein was localized in the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm, and was induced in response to various abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The overexpression of OsGA2ox8 significantly enhanced the osmotic stress tolerance of transgenic rice plants by increasing the number of osmotic regulators and antioxidants. OsGA2ox8 was differentially expressed in the shoots and roots to cope with osmotic stress. The plants overexpressing OsGA2ox8 showed reduced lengths of shoots and roots at the seedling stage, but no difference in plant height at the heading stage was observed, which may be due to the interaction of OsGA2ox8 and OsGA20ox1, implying a complex feedback regulation between GA biosynthesis and metabolism in rice. Importantly, OsGA2ox8 was able to indirectly regulate several genes associated with the anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and the jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway, and overexpression of OsGA2ox8 activated JA signal transduction by inhibiting the expression of jasmonate ZIM domain-containing proteins. These results provide a basis for a future understanding of the networks and respective phenotypic effects associated with OsGA2ox8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiao Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengping Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yingbo Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Tianqing Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-10-82106698 (W.W. & B.F.); Fax: +86-10-68918559 (W.W. & B.F.)
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.W.); (F.D.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-10-82106698 (W.W. & B.F.); Fax: +86-10-68918559 (W.W. & B.F.)
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The Absence of Hydrodynamic Stress Promotes Acquisition of Freezing Tolerance and Freeze-Dependent Asexual Reproduction in the Red Alga ' Bangia' sp. ESS1. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030465. [PMID: 33804533 PMCID: PMC8001874 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ebb tide causes calm stress to intertidal seaweeds in tide pools; however, little is known about their physiological responses to loss of water movement. This study investigated the effects of static culture of ‘Bangia’ sp. ESS1 at 15 °C on tolerance to temperature fluctuation. The freezing of aer-obically cultured thalli at −80 °C for 10 min resulted in the death of most cells. By contrast, statically cultured thalli acquired freezing tolerance that increased cell viability after freeze–thaw cycles, although they did not achieve thermotolerance that would enable survival at the lethal temperature of 32 °C. Consistently, the unsaturation of membrane fatty acids occurred in static culture. Notably, static culture of thalli enhanced the release of asexual spores after freeze-and-thaw treatment. We conclude that calm stress triggers both the acquisition of freezing tolerance and the promotion of freezing-dependent asexual reproduction. These findings provide novel insights into stress toler-ance and the regulation of asexual reproduction in Bangiales.
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Shah FA, Ni J, Yao Y, Hu H, Wei R, Wu L. Overexpression of Karrikins Receptor Gene Sapium sebiferum KAI2 Promotes the Cold Stress Tolerance via Regulating the Redox Homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:657960. [PMID: 34335642 PMCID: PMC8320022 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.657960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KARRIKINS INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) is the receptor gene for karrikins, recently found to be involved in seed germination, hypocotyl development, and the alleviation of salinity and osmotic stresses. Nevertheless, whether KAI2 could regulate cold tolerance remains elusive. In the present study, we identified that Arabidopsis mutants of KAI2 had a high mortality rate, while overexpression of, a bioenergy plant, Sapium sebiferum KAI2 (SsKAI2) significantly recovered the plants after cold stress. The results showed that the SsKAI2 overexpression lines (OEs) had significantly increased levels of proline, total soluble sugars, and total soluble protein. Meanwhile, SsKAI2 OEs had a much higher expression of cold-stress-acclimation-relate genes, such as Cold Shock Proteins and C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORS under cold stress. Moreover, the results showed that SsKAI2 OEs were hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA), and ABA signaling genes were w significantly affected in SsKAI2 OEs under cold stress, suggesting a potential interaction between SsKAI2 and ABA downstream signaling. In SsKAI2 OEs, the electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents were reduced under cold stress in Arabidopsis. SsKAI2 OEs enhanced the anti-oxidants like ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total glutathione level under cold stress. Conclusively, these results provide novel insights into the understanding of karrikins role in the regulation of cold stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Afzal Shah
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ruyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Taihe Experimental Station, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taihe, China
- *Correspondence: Lifang Wu,
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15
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080681. [PMID: 32751256 PMCID: PMC7465626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.
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16
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He M, Ding NZ. Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Multiple Roles in Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562785. [PMID: 33013981 PMCID: PMC7500430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Land plants are exposed to not only biotic stresses such as pathogen infection and herbivore wounding, but abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salt. Elaborate strategies have been developed to avoid or abide the adverse effects, with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) emerging as general defenders. In higher plants, the most common UFAs are three 18-carbon species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds act as ingredients and modulators of cellular membranes in glycerolipids, reserve of carbon and energy in triacylglycerol, stocks of extracellular barrier constituents (e.g., cutin and suberin), precursors of various bioactive molecules (e.g., jasmonates and nitroalkenes), and regulators of stress signaling. Nevertheless, they are also potential inducers of oxidative stress. In this review, we will present an overview of these roles and then shed light on genetic engineering of FA synthetic genes for improving plant/crop stress tolerance.
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Wang X, Liu SF, Li RY, Yang WD, Liu JS, Lin CSK, Balamurugan S, Li HY. TAG pathway engineering via GPAT2 concurrently potentiates abiotic stress tolerance and oleaginicity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:160. [PMID: 32944076 PMCID: PMC7491103 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the great potential of marine diatoms in biofuel sector, commercially viable biofuel production from native diatom strain is impractical. Targeted engineering of TAG pathway represents a promising approach; however, recruitment of potential candidate has been regarded as critical. Here, we identified a glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (GPAT2) isoform and overexpressed in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. RESULTS GPAT2 overexpression did not impair growth and photosynthesis. GPAT2 overexpression reduced carbohydrates and protein content, however, lipid content were significantly increased. Specifically, TAG content was notably increased by 2.9-fold than phospho- and glyco-lipids. GPAT2 overexpression elicited the push-and-pull strategy by increasing the abundance of substrates for the subsequent metabolic enzymes, thereby increased the expression of LPAAT and DGAT. Besides, GPAT2-mediated lipid overproduction coordinated the expression of NADPH biosynthetic genes. GPAT2 altered the fatty acid profile in TAGs with C16:0 as the predominant fatty acid moieties. We further investigated the impact of GPAT2 on conferring abiotic stress, which exhibited enhanced tolerance to hyposaline (70%) and chilling (10 ºC) conditions via altered fatty acid saturation level. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results exemplified the critical role of GPAT2 in hyperaccumulating TAGs with altered fatty acid profile, which in turn uphold resistance to abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si-Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Ruo-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Srinivasan Balamurugan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024 India
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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Gan P, Liu F, Li R, Wang S, Luo J. Chloroplasts- Beyond Energy Capture and Carbon Fixation: Tuning of Photosynthesis in Response to Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205046. [PMID: 31614592 PMCID: PMC6834309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As organelles for photosynthesis in green plants, chloroplasts play a vital role in solar energy capture and carbon fixation. The maintenance of normal chloroplast physiological functions is essential for plant growth and development. Low temperature is an adverse environmental stress that affects crop productivity. Low temperature severely affects the growth and development of plants, especially photosynthesis. To date, many studies have reported that chloroplasts are not only just organelles of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts can also perceive chilling stress signals via membranes and photoreceptors, and they maintain their homeostasis and promote photosynthesis by regulating the state of lipid membranes, the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins, the activity of enzymes, the redox state, and the balance of hormones and by releasing retrograde signals, thus improving plant resistance to low temperatures. This review focused on the potential functions of chloroplasts in fine tuning photosynthesis processes under low-temperature stress by perceiving stress signals, modulating the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts to survive the adverse environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gan
- College of Life Science and technology (State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources), Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Rongbai Li
- Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Agriculture College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jijing Luo
- College of Life Science and technology (State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources), Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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