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Zhou W, Xiao RY, Yang YX, Wang X, Wang DH, Wang ZZ. Clock protein LHY targets SNAT1 and negatively regulates the biosynthesis of melatonin in Hypericum perforatum. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq6505. [PMID: 39292789 PMCID: PMC11409971 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum, also known as "natural fluoxetine," is a commonly used herbal remedy for treating depression. It is unclear whether melatonin in plants regulated by the endogenous circadian clock system is like in vertebrates. In this work, we found that the melatonin signal and melatonin biosynthesis gene, serotonin N-acetyltransferase HpSNAT1, oscillates in a 24-hour cycle in H. perforatum. First, we constructed a yeast complementary DNA library of H. perforatum and found a clock protein HpLHY that can directly bind to the HpSNAT1 promoter. Second, it was confirmed that HpLHY inhibits the expression of HpSNAT1 by targeting the Evening Element. Last, it indicated that HpLHY-overexpressing plants had reduced levels of melatonin in 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle photoperiod, while loss-of-function mutants exhibited high levels, but this rhythm seems to disappear as well. The results revealed the regulatory role of LHY in melatonin biosynthesis, which may make an important contribution to the field of melatonin synthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an 710062, China
| | - Ru-Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an 710062, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an 710062, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an 710062, China
| | - Dong-hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an 710062, China
| | - Zhe-zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an 710062, China
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Xu W, Liu Q, Wang B, Zhang N, Qiu R, Yuan Y, Yang M, Wang F, Mei L, Cui G. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities and promoting the growth of alfalfa in saline ecosystems of northern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1438771. [PMID: 39268000 PMCID: PMC11390447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1438771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universally distributed in soils, including saline soils, and can form mycorrhizal symbiosis with the vast majority of higher plants. This symbiosis can reduce soil salinity and influence plant growth and development by improving nutrient uptake, increasing plant antioxidant enzyme activity, and regulating hormone levels. In this study, rhizosphere soil from eight plants in the Songnen saline-alkaline grassland was used to isolate, characterize, and screen the indigenous advantageous AMF. The promoting effect of AMF on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under salt treatment was also investigated. The findings showed that 40 species of AMF in six genera were identified by high-throughput sequencing. Glomus mosseae (G.m) and Glomus etunicatum (G.e) are the dominant species in saline ecosystems of northern China. Alfalfa inoculated with Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum under different salt concentrations could be infested and form a symbiotic system. The mycorrhizal colonization rate and mycorrhizal dependence of G.m inoculation were significantly higher than those of G.e inoculation. With increasing salt concentration, inoculation increased alfalfa plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity while decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide anion production rate. The results highlight that inoculation with G.m and G.e effectively alleviated salinity stress, with G.m inoculation having a significant influence on salt resistance in alfalfa. AMF might play a key role in alfalfa growth and survival under harsh salt conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianning Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baiji Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuying Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengdan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guowen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Gatasheh MK, Shah AA, Kaleem M, Usman S, Shaffique S. Application of CuNPs and AMF alleviates arsenic stress by encompassing reduced arsenic uptake through metabolomics and ionomics alterations in Elymus sibiricus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:667. [PMID: 38997682 PMCID: PMC11245830 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have exhibited a very promising role of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in mitigation of abiotic stresses in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) assisted plants to trigger their defense mechanism against abiotic stresses. Arsenic (As) is a non-essential and injurious heavy-metal contaminant. Current research work was designed to elucidate role of CuNPs (100, 200 and 300 mM) and a commercial inoculum of Glomus species (Clonex® Root Maximizer) either alone or in combination (CuNPs + Clonex) on physiology, growth, and stress alleviation mechanisms of E. sibiricus growing in As spiked soils (0, 50, and 100 mg Kg- 1 soil). Arsenic induced oxidative stress, enhanced biosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and methylglyoxal (MG) in E. sibiricus. Moreover, As-phytotoxicity reduced photosynthetic activities and growth of plants. Results showed that individual and combined treatments, CuNPs (100 mM) as well as soil inoculation of AMF significantly enhanced root growth and shoot growth by declining As content in root tissues and shoot tissues in As polluted soils. E. sibiricus plants treated with CuNPs (100 mM) and/or AMF alleviated As induced phytotoxicity through upregulating the activity of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) besides the biosynthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants including phytochelatin (PC) and glutathione (GSH). In brief, supplementation of CuNPs (100 mM) alone or in combination with AMF reduced As uptake and alleviated the As-phytotoxicity in E. sibiricus by inducing stress tolerance mechanism resulting in the improvement of the plant growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheeraz Usman
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shifa Shaffique
- College of Agriculture & Life Science, School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-Gu, Daegu, 41566, Korea
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Xue Y, Zhou C, Feng N, Zheng D, Shen X, Rao G, Huang Y, Cai W, Liu Y, Zhang R. Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Complex Regulation Mechanisms Underlying Rice Roots' Response to Salt Stress. Metabolites 2024; 14:244. [PMID: 38668372 PMCID: PMC11052231 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a crucial food crop that sustains over half the world's population, is often hindered by salt stress during various growth stages, ultimately causing a decrease in yield. However, the specific mechanism of rice roots' response to salt stress remains largely unknown. In this study, transcriptomics and lipidomics were used to analyze the changes in the lipid metabolism and gene expression profiles of rice roots in response to salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited rice roots' growth and increased the roots' MDA content. Furthermore, 1286 differentially expressed genes including 526 upregulated and 760 downregulated, were identified as responding to salt stress in rice roots. The lipidomic analysis revealed that the composition and unsaturation of membrane lipids were significantly altered. In total, 249 lipid molecules were differentially accumulated in rice roots as a response to salt stress. And most of the major phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylserine (PS), as well as major sphingolipids including ceramide (Cer), phytoceramide (CerP), monohexose ceramide (Hex1Cer), and sphingosine (SPH), were significantly increased, while the triglyceride (TG) molecules decreased. These results suggested that rice roots mitigate salt stress by altering the fluidity and integrity of cell membranes. This study enhances our comprehension of salt stress, offering valuable insights into changes in the lipids and adaptive lipid remodeling in rice's response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Xue
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Gangshun Rao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongxiang Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wangxiao Cai
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (N.F.); (D.Z.); (X.S.); (G.R.); (Y.H.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Muhammad I, Ahmad S, Shen W. Melatonin-Mediated Molecular Responses in Plants: Enhancing Stress Tolerance and Mitigating Environmental Challenges in Cereal Crop Production. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4551. [PMID: 38674136 PMCID: PMC11049982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cereal crops are crucial for global food security; however, they are susceptible to various environmental stresses that significantly hamper their productivity. In response, melatonin has emerged as a promising regulator, offering potential benefits for stress tolerance and crop growth. This review explores the effects of melatonin on maize, sorghum, millet, rice, barley, and wheat, aiming to enhance their resilience to stress. The application of melatonin has shown promising outcomes, improving water use efficiency and reducing transpiration rates in millet under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, it enhances the salinity and heavy metal tolerance of millet by regulating the activity of stress-responsive genes. Similarly, melatonin application in sorghum enhances its resistance to high temperatures, low humidity, and nutrient deficiency, potentially involving the modulation of antioxidant defense and aspects related to photosynthetic genes. Melatonin also exerts protective effects against drought, salinity, heavy metal, extreme temperatures, and waterlogging stresses in maize, wheat, rice, and barley crops by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through regulating the antioxidant defense system. The molecular reactions of melatonin upregulated photosynthesis, antioxidant defense mechanisms, the metabolic pathway, and genes and downregulated stress susceptibility genes. In conclusion, melatonin serves as a versatile tool in cereal crops, bolstering stress resistance and promoting sustainable development. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and refine application techniques to fully harness the potential role of melatonin in cereal crop production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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Meng F, Feng N, Zheng D, Liu M, Zhou H, Zhang R, Huang X, Huang A. Exogenous Hemin enhances the antioxidant defense system of rice by regulating the AsA-GSH cycle under NaCl stress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17219. [PMID: 38650645 PMCID: PMC11034499 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress caused by soil salinization remains a major global challenge that threatens and severely impacts crop growth, causing yield reduction worldwide. In this study, we aim to investigate the damage of salt stress on the leaf physiology of two varieties of rice (Huanghuazhan, HHZ, and Xiangliangyou900, XLY900) and the regulatory mechanism of Hemin to maintain seedling growth under the imposed stress. Rice leaves were sprayed with 5.0 μmol·L-1 Hemin or 25.0 μmol·L-1 ZnPP (Zinc protoporphyrin IX) at the three leaf and one heart stage, followed by an imposed salt stress treatment regime (50.0 mmol·L-1 sodium chloride (NaCl)). The findings revealed that NaCl stress increased antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, the content of osmoregulatory substances like soluble proteins and proline was raised. Moreover, salt stress increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the leaves of the two varieties. However, spraying with Hemin increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and accelerated AsA-GSH cycling to remove excess ROS. In summary, Hemin reduced the effect of salt stress on the physiological characteristics of rice leaves due to improved antioxidant defense mechanisms that impeded lipid peroxidation. Thus, Hemin was demonstrated to lessen the damage caused by salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Meng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - XiXin Huang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Cente, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Kumar S, Wang S, Wang M, Zeb S, Khan MN, Chen Y, Zhu G, Zhu Z. Enhancement of sweetpotato tolerance to chromium stress through melatonin and glutathione: Insights into photosynthetic efficiency, oxidative defense, and growth parameters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108509. [PMID: 38461751 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) roles in mitigating chromium (Cr) toxicity in sweetpotato were explored. Plants, pre-treated with varying MT and GSH doses, were exposed to Cr (40 μM). Cr severely hampered growth by disrupting leaf photosynthesis, root system, and oxidative processes and increased Cr absorption. However, the exogenous application of 1 μM of MT and 2 mM of GSH substantially improved growth parameters by enhancing chlorophyll content, gas exchange (Pn, Tr, Gs, and Ci), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, ETR, qP, and Y(II)). Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide ion (O2•-), electrolyte leakage (EL), and Cr uptake by roots (21.6 and 27.3%) and its translocation to shoots were markedly reduced by MT and GSH application, protecting the cell membrane from oxidative damage of Cr-toxicity. Microscopic analysis demonstrated that MT and GSH maintained chloroplast structure and integrity of mesophyll cells; they also enhanced stomatal length, width, and density, strengthening the photosynthetic system and plant growth and biomass. MT and GSH improved osmo-protectants (proline and soluble sugars), gene expression, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, mitigating osmotic stress and strengthening plant defenses under Cr stress. Importantly, the efficiency of GSH pre-treatment in reducing Cr-toxicity surpassed that of MT. The findings indicate that MT and GSH alleviate Cr detrimental effects by enhancing photosynthetic organ stability, component accumulation, and resistance to oxidative stress. This study is a valuable resource for plants confronting Cr stress in contaminated soils, but further field validation and detailed molecular exploration are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjeet Kumar
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shihai Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shah Zeb
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Kumar S, Liu Y, Wang M, Khan MN, Wang S, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhu G. Alleviating sweetpotato salt tolerance through exogenous glutathione and melatonin: A profound mechanism for active oxygen detoxification and preservation of photosynthetic organs. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141120. [PMID: 38199502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress profoundly impacts sweetpotato production. Exogenous glutathione (GSH) and melatonin (MT) promoted plant growth under stress, but their specific roles and mechanisms in sweetpotato salt tolerance need exploration. This study investigated GSH and MT's regulatory mechanisms in sweetpotato under salt stress. Salt stress significantly reduces both growth and biomass by hindering photosynthesis, root traits, K+ content, and K+/Na+ balance, leading to oxidative stress and excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide ion (O2•-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and Na+ accumulation. Nevertheless, GSH (2 mM) and MT (25 μM) pre-treatments effectively mitigated salt-induced oxidative damage and protected the plasma membrane. They reduced osmotic pressure by enhancing K+ uptake, K+/Na+ regulation, osmolyte accumulation, and reducing Na+ accumulation. Improved stomatal traits, chloroplast and grana lamella preservation, and maintenance of mesophyll cells, cell wall, and mitochondrial structure were observed with GSH and MT pre-treatments under salt stress, therefore boosting the photosynthetic system and enhancing plant growth and biomass. Moreover, the findings also indicate that the positive outcomes of GSH and MT pre-treatments result from elevated antioxidant levels, enhanced enzymatic activity, and upregulated expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger 2 (NHX2), K+transporter 1 (AKT1), and cation/H+exchanger (CHX), CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 (CIPK1), and antioxidant enzyme genes. These mechanisms enhance structural stability in photosynthesis and reduce salt stress. Evidently, MT pre-treatment exhibited superior effects compared to GSH. These findings provide a firm theoretical basis for employing GSH and MT to enhance salt tolerance in sweetpotato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjeet Kumar
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shihai Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yongping Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Xia W, Meng W, Peng Y, Qin Y, Zhang L, Zhu N. Effects of Exogenous Isosteviol on the Physiological Characteristics of Brassica napus Seedlings under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:217. [PMID: 38256770 PMCID: PMC10819195 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of isosteviol on the physiological metabolism of Brassica napus seedlings under salt stress is explored. Brassica napus seeds (Qinyou 2) were used as materials, and the seeds were soaked in different concentrations of isosteviol under salt stress. The fresh weight, dry weight, osmotic substance, absorption and distribution of Na+, K+, Cl-, and the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured, and these results were combined with the changes shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that isosteviol at an appropriate concentration could effectively increase the biomass and soluble protein content of Brassica napus seedlings and reduce the contents of proline, glycine betaine, and ROS in the seedlings. Isosteviol reduces the oxidative damage to Brassica napus seedlings caused by salt stress by regulating the production of osmotic substances and ROS. In addition, after seed soaking in isosteviol, the Na+ content in the shoots of the Brassica napus seedlings was always lower than that in the roots, while the opposite was true for the K+ content. This indicated that under salt stress the Na+ absorbed by the Brassica napus seedlings was mainly accumulated in the roots and that less Na+ was transported to the shoots, while more of the K+ absorbed by the Brassica napus seedlings was retained in the leaves. It is speculated that this may be an important mechanism for Brassica napus seedlings to relieve Na+ toxicity. The spectroscopy analysis showed that, compared with the control group (T1), salt stress increased the absorbance values of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc., indicating structural damage to the plasma membrane and cell wall. The spectra of the isosteviol seed soaking treatment group were nearly the same as those of the control group (T1). The correlation analysis shows that under salt stress the Brassica napus seedling tissues could absorb large amounts of Na+ and Cl- to induce oxidative stress and inhibit the growth of the plants. After the seed soaking treatment, isosteviol could significantly reduce the absorption of Na+ by the seedling tissues, increase the K+ content, and reduce the salt stress damage to the plant seedlings. Therefore, under salt stress, seed soaking with isosteviol at an appropriate concentration (10-9~10-8 M) can increase the salt resistance of Brassica napus seedlings by regulating their physiological and metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xia
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Taizhou College, Nanjing Normal University, Taizhou 225300, China; (W.X.); (W.M.)
| | - Wangang Meng
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Taizhou College, Nanjing Normal University, Taizhou 225300, China; (W.X.); (W.M.)
| | - Yueqin Peng
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Taizhou College, Nanjing Normal University, Taizhou 225300, China; (W.X.); (W.M.)
| | - Yutian Qin
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Taizhou College, Nanjing Normal University, Taizhou 225300, China; (W.X.); (W.M.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Taizhou College, Nanjing Normal University, Taizhou 225300, China; (W.X.); (W.M.)
| | - Nianqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
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10
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Zhou XW, Yao XD, He DX, Sun HX, Xie FT. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of two salt-tolerant soybean germplasms response to low phosphorus stress: role of phosphorus uptake and antioxidant capacity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:662. [PMID: 38124037 PMCID: PMC10731862 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) and salt stress are common abiotic stressors that limit crop growth and development, but the response mechanism of soybean to low phosphorus (LP) and salt (S) combined stress remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, two soybean germplasms with similar salt tolerance but contrasting P-efficiency, A74 (salt-tolerant and P-efficient) and A6 (salt-tolerant and P-inefficient), were selected as materials. By combining physiochemical and transcriptional analysis, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which soybean maintains high P-efficiency under salt stress. In total, 14,075 differentially expressed genes were identified through pairwise comparison. PageMan analysis subsequently revealed several significantly enriched categories in the LP vs. control (CK) or low phosphorus + salt (LPS) vs. S comparative combination when compared to A6, in the case of A74. These categories included genes involved in mitochondrial electron transport, secondary metabolism, stress, misc, transcription factors and transport. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis identified two modules that were highly correlated with acid phosphatase and antioxidant enzyme activity. Citrate synthase gene (CS), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase4 gene (ACX), cytokinin dehydrogenase 7 gene (CKXs), and two-component response regulator ARR2 gene (ARR2) were identified as the most central hub genes in these two modules. CONCLUSION In summary, we have pinpointed the gene categories responsible for the LP response variations between the two salt-tolerant germplasms, which are mainly related to antioxidant, and P uptake process. Further, the discovery of the hub genes layed the foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of salt-tolerant and P-efficient in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Zhou
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Dong Yao
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Xin He
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Xiang Sun
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fu-Ti Xie
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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11
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Zhou H, Liu M, Meng F, Zheng D, Feng N. Transcriptomics and physiology reveal the mechanism of potassium indole-3-butyrate (IBAK) mediating rice resistance to salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:569. [PMID: 37968598 PMCID: PMC10652493 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IBAK, as a plant growth regulator, has broad application prospects in improving crop resistance to abiotic stress. RESULTS In this study, the regulation mechanism of IBAK on rice was revealed by physiology and transcriptomics by spraying 80 mg·L-1 IBAK solution on rice leaves at the early jointing stage under salt stress. The results showed that spraying IBAK solution on leaves under salt stress could significantly increase K+ content, decrease Na+ content, increase net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and increase the activity of catalase (CAT) and the contents of glutathione (GSH) and soluble protein in rice leaves. Using IBAK under salt stress increased the expression of plant hormone signal transduction pathway-related genes LOC4332548 and LOC4330957, which may help rice to more effectively sense and respond to plant hormone signals and enhance resistance to salt stress. In addition, the photosynthesis pathway-related genes LOC4339270, LOC4327150, and LOC4346326 were upregulated after using IBAK under salt stress, and the upregulation of these genes may be beneficial to improve the efficiency of photosynthesis and increase the photosynthetic capacity of rice. Regarding starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, spraying IBAK on leaves could promote the expression of sucrose synthesis-related gene LOC4347800 and increase the expression of starch synthesis-related genes LOC4330709 and LOC4343010 under salt stress. Finally, IBAK spraying resulted in the upregulation of multiple 50 S and 30 S ribosomal protein genes in the ribosome pathway, which may increase protein synthesis, help maintain cell function, and promote rice growth and development. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed the mechanism of IBAK mediating resistance to salt stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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12
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Du YW, Liu L, Feng NJ, Zheng DF, Liu ML, Zhou H, Deng P, Wang YX, Zhao HM. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of alginate oligosaccharides alleviating salt stress in rice seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:455. [PMID: 37770835 PMCID: PMC10540332 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress is one of the key factors limiting rice production. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) enhance plant stress resistance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in rice induced by AOS remains unclear. FL478, which is a salt-tolerant indica recombinant inbred line and IR29, a salt-sensitive rice cultivar, were used to comprehensively analyze the effects of AOS sprayed on leaves in terms of transcriptomic and metabolite profiles of rice seedlings under salt stress. RESULTS In this experiment, exogenous application of AOS increased SOD, CAT and APX activities, as well as GSH and ASA levels to reduce the damage to leaf membrane, increased rice stem diameter, the number of root tips, aboveground and subterranean biomass, and improved rice salt tolerance. Comparative transcriptomic analyses showed that the regulation of AOS combined with salt treatment induced the differential expression of 305 and 1030 genes in FL478 and IR29. The expressed genes enriched in KEGG pathway analysis were associated with antioxidant levels, photosynthesis, cell wall synthesis, and signal transduction. The genes associated with light-trapping proteins and RLCK receptor cytoplasmic kinases, including CBA, LHCB, and Lhcp genes, were fregulated in response to salt stress. Treatment with AOS combined with salt induced the differential expression of 22 and 50 metabolites in FL478 and IR29. These metabolites were mainly related to the metabolism of amino and nucleotide sugars, tryptophan, histidine, and β -alanine. The abundance of metabolites associated with antioxidant activity, such as 6-hydroxymelatonin, wedelolactone and L-histidine increased significantly. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that dehydroascorbic acid in the glutathione and ascorbic acid cycles plays a vital role in salt tolerance mediated by AOS. CONCLUSION AOS activate signal transduction, regulate photosynthesis, cell wall formation, and multiple antioxidant pathways in response to salt stress. This study provides a molecular basis for the alleviation of salt stress-induced damage by AOS in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Du
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Nai-Jie Feng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Dian-Feng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Mei-Ling Liu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Peng Deng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhao
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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13
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Iqbal N, Sehar Z, Fatma M, Khan S, Alvi AF, Mir IR, Masood A, Khan NA. Melatonin Reverses High-Temperature-Stress-Inhibited Photosynthesis in the Presence of Excess Sulfur by Modulating Ethylene Sensitivity in Mustard. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3160. [PMID: 37687406 PMCID: PMC10490298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic, nontoxic, regulatory biomolecule with various functions in abiotic stress tolerance. It reverses the adverse effect of heat stress on photosynthesis in plants and helps with sulfur (S) assimilation. Our research objective aimed to find the influence of melatonin, along with excess sulfur (2 mM SO42-), in reversing heat stress's impacts on the photosynthetic ability of the mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivar SS2, a cultivar with low ATP-sulfurylase activity and a low sulfate transport index (STI). Further, we aimed to substantiate that the effect was a result of ethylene modulation. Melatonin in the presence of excess-S (S) increased S-assimilation and the STI by increasing the ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) and serine acetyltransferase (SAT) activity of SS2, and it enhanced the content of cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). Under heat stress, melatonin increased S-assimilation and diverted Cys towards the synthesis of more reduced glutathione (GSH), utilizing excess-S at the expense of less methionine and ethylene and resulting in plants' reduced sensitivity to stress ethylene. The treatment with melatonin plus excess-S increased antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic-S use efficiency (p-SUE), Rubisco activity, photosynthesis, and growth under heat stress. Further, plants receiving melatonin and excess-S in the presence of norbornadiene (NBD; an ethylene action inhibitor) under heat stress showed an inhibited STI and lower photosynthesis and growth. This suggested that ethylene was involved in the melatonin-mediated heat stress reversal effects on photosynthesis in plants. The interaction mechanism between melatonin and ethylene is still elusive. This study provides avenues to explore the melatonin-ethylene-S interaction for heat stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R. Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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14
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Fu Y, Li P, Mounkaila Hamani AK, Wan S, Gao Y, Wang X. Effects of Single and Combined Drought and Salinity Stress on the Root Morphological Characteristics and Root Hydraulic Conductivity of Different Winter Wheat Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2694. [PMID: 37514308 PMCID: PMC10383927 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Water shortages and crop responses to drought and salt stress are related to the efficient use of water resources and are closely related to food security. In addition, PEG or NaCl stress alone affect the root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr). However, the effects of combined PEG and NaCl stress on Lpr and the differences among wheat varieties are unknown. We investigated the effects of combined PEG and NaCl stress on the root parameters, nitrogen (N) and carbon content, antioxidant enzymes, osmotic adjustment, changes in sodium and potassium, and root hydraulic conductivity of Yannong 1212, Heng 4399, and Xinmai 19. PEG and NaCl stress appreciably decreased the root length (RL), root surface area (RS), root volume (RV), K+ and N content in shoots and roots, and Lpr of the three wheat varieties, while the antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), osmotic adjustment, nonstructural carbon and Na+ content in shoots and roots, etc., remarkably remained increased. Furthermore, the root hydraulic conductivity had the greatest positive association with traits such as RL, RS, and N and K+ content in the shoots of the three wheat varieties. Moreover, the RL/RS directly and actively determined the Lpr, and it had an extremely positive effect on the N content in the shoots of wheat seedlings. Collectively, most of the root characteristics in the wheat seedlings decreased under stress conditions, resulting in a reduction in Lpr. As a result, the ability to transport nutrients-especially N-from the roots to the shoots was affected. Therefore, our study provides a novel insight into the physiological mechanisms of Lpr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | | | - Sumei Wan
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
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15
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Li X, Kamran M, Saleem MH, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Hemaid FM, Elshikh MS, Zhao S, Riaz M. Potential application of melatonin in reducing boron toxicity in rice seedlings through improved growth, cell wall composition, proline, and defense mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139068. [PMID: 37257660 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has been demonstrated to provide defense against both biotic and abiotic stressors. Boron toxicity (BT) can significantly limit the growth and production of plants. However, few studies have been conducted on whether MT is effective in attenuating B toxicity in different plants. In order to evaluate the efficacy of exogenous MT treatment in reducing the negative impact of BT on rice seedlings, this study examined the influence of MT on growth, antioxidant capacity, cell wall composition, and proline metabolism in rice seedlings under hydroponics. Four treatments were established: MT (50 μM), MT + BT (50 μM MT + 800 μM B), BT (800 μM), and CK (control) in a completely randomized design. The results indicate that BT had a significant detrimental effect on the shoot length, root length, and root and shoot fresh weights of rice seedlings by 11.96%, 27.77%, 25.69%, and 18.67%, respectively as compared to the control treatment. However, exogenous MT application increased these parameters and reduced B accumulation in aboveground parts (14.05%) of the plant. Exogenous MT also increased the endogenous melatonin content and antioxidant enzyme activities (64.45%, 71.61%, 237.64%, and 55.42% increase in superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase activities, respectively), while decreasing reactive oxygen species levels and oxidized forms of glutathione and ascorbic acid. Additionally, MT enhanced the biosynthesis of proline by decreasing proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and increasing the GSH (glutathione) and ASA (ascorbic acid) contents. Exogenous MT also increased cell wall components that can increase B adsorption to the cell wall. Overall, these findings suggest that MT application can be a potential solution for strengthening the stress tolerance of rice seedlings, particularly under conditions of B toxicity. In regions where soil contains high levels of boron, the use of MT could enhance rice crop yields and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaopeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
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16
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Huang X, Zheng D, Feng N, Huang A, Zhang R, Meng F, Jie Y, Mu B, Mu D, Zhou H. Effects of prohexadione calcium spraying during the booting stage on panicle traits, yield, and related physiological characteristics of rice under salt stress. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14673. [PMID: 36710858 PMCID: PMC9879151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca), as a growth retardant, can effectively alleviate the damage of salt stress to plants. In order to explore the effects of NaCl stress on the physiological characteristics and panicle traits of rice plants as well as the alleviating effect of Pro-Ca at the booting stage, we performed pot experiments on two rice cultivars: conventional rice 'Huanghuazhan' and hybrid rice 'Xiangliangyou900'. Rice plants were treated with 0.3% NaCl 48 hours after Pro-Ca (100 mg L-1) treatment to study the effects of Pro-Ca on the physiological characteristics of the leaves and panicles, as well as the panicle and yield traits of rice under salt stress. Our analysis indicated that NaCl treatment inhibited the morphological growth parameters and photosynthetic efficiency, destroyed the antioxidant defense systems of leaves and panicles, increased soluble protein and proline in both rice cultivars. Foliar application of Pro-Ca significantly increased the leaf area, uppermost internode length, panicle length, panicle weight, number of primary branches, number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and yield under salt stress. Pro-Ca application significantly affected chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and apparent mesophyll conductance (AMC) in NaCl-treated rice cultivars compared with NaCl treatment alone. Moreover, Pro-Ca also increased ascorbic acid (AsA) content, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and further increased the accumulation of soluble protein and proline in leaves and panicles. These results illustrated that foliar application of Pro-Ca at the booting stage could alleviate the damage caused by NaCl stress by regulating the physiological and metabolic processes of rice plants, thereby enhancing the stress resistance of the plants, increasing total rice yield in salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiXin Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,South China Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Jie
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Baomin Mu
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Dewei Mu
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Wang Q, Peng X, Lang D, Ma X, Zhang X. Physio-biochemical and transcriptomic analysis reveals that the mechanism of Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated oxidative stress of salt-stressed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114264. [PMID: 36334340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely affects the growth and productivity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Our previous research found that the endophyte Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated the osmotic and oxidative stress in G. uralensis exposed to salinity. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to analyse the change in parameters related to osmotic adjustment and antioxidant metabolism by G2 in salt-stressed G. uralensis at the physio-biochemistry and transcriptome levels. The results showed that G2 significantly increased proline content by 48 %, glycine betaine content by 75 % due to activated expression of BADH1, and soluble sugar content by 77 % due to upregulated expression of α-glucosidase and SS, which might help to decrease the cell osmotic potential, enable the cell to absorb water, and stabilize the cell's protein and membrane structure, thereby alleviating osmotic stress. Regarding antioxidant metabolism, G2 significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27 %, which might be ascribed to the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity that facilitated the decrease in the superoxide radical (O2‾) production rate; it also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), which helped stabilize the normal level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). G2 also increased glutathione (GSH) content by 65 % due to increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, but G2 decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content by 13 % due to decreased activity of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which could provide sufficient substrates for the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle to eliminate excess H2O2 that was not cleared in a timely manner by the antioxidant enzyme system. Taken together, G2 alleviated osmotic stress by increasing proline, soluble sugar, and glycine betaine contents and alleviated oxidative stress by the synergistic effect of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle. Therefore, the results may be useful for explaining the mechanism by which endophyte inoculation regulates the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueying Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Feng BS, Kang DC, Sun J, Leng P, Liu LX, Wang L, Ma C, Liu YG. Research on melatonin in fruits and vegetables and the mechanism of exogenous melatonin on postharvest preservation. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Ma C, Pei ZQ, Bai X, Feng JY, Zhang L, Fan JR, Wang J, Zhang TG, Zheng S. Involvement of NO and Ca 2+ in the enhancement of cold tolerance induced by melatonin in winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:262-276. [PMID: 36152511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a multifunctional phytohormone, melatonin (Mel) plays pivotal roles in plant responses to multiple stresses. However, its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study, we evaluated the role of NO and Ca2+ signaling in Mel enhanced cold tolerance in winter turnip rape. The results showed that the NO content and concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) increased by 35.42% and 30.87%, respectively, in the leaves of rape seedlings exposed to cold stress. Compared with those of the seedlings in cold stress alone, the NO content and concentration of [Ca2+]cyt in rape seedlings pretreated with Mel increased further. In addition, the Mel-mediated improvement of cold tolerance was inhibited by L-NAME (a NO synthase inhibitor), tungstate (a nitrate reductase inhibitor), LaCl3 (a Ca2+ channel blocker), and EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator), and this finding was mainly reflected in the increase in ROS content and the decrease in osmoregulatory capacity, photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities, and expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes. These findings suggest that NO and Ca2+ are necessary for Mel to improve cold tolerance and function synergistically downstream of Mel. Notably, the co-treatment of Mel with L-NAME, tungstate, LaCl3, or EGTA also inhibited the Mel-induced expression of MAPK3/6 under cold stress. In conclusion, NO and Ca2+ are involved in the enhancement of cold tolerance induced by Mel through activating the MAPK cascades in rape seedlings, and a crosstalk may exist between NO and Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zi-Qi Pei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ju-Yan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jie-Ru Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Teng-Guo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Sheng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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20
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Melatonin Enhances Drought Tolerance in Rice Seedlings by Modulating Antioxidant Systems, Osmoregulation, and Corresponding Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012075. [PMID: 36292930 PMCID: PMC9603070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is the third largest food crop in the world, especially in Asia. Its production in various regions is affected to different degrees by drought stress. Melatonin (MT), a novel growth regulator, plays an essential role in enhancing stress resistance in crops. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism by which melatonin helps mitigate drought damage in rice remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, rice seedlings pretreated with melatonin (200 μM) were stressed with drought (water potential of −0.5 MPa). These rice seedlings were subsequently examined for their phenotypes and physiological and molecular properties, including metabolite contents, enzyme activities, and the corresponding gene expression levels. The findings demonstrated that drought stress induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g., O2− and H2O2) in rice seedlings. However, the melatonin application significantly reduced LOX activity and the MDA and ROS contents (O2− production rate and H2O2 content), with a decrease of 29.35%, 47.23%, and (45.54% and 49.33%), respectively. It activated the expression of ALM1, OsPOX1, OsCATC, and OsAPX2, which increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), respectively. Meanwhile, the melatonin pretreatment enhanced the proline, fructose, and sucrose content by inducing OsP5CS, OsSUS7, and OsSPS1 gene expression levels. Moreover, the melatonin pretreatment considerably up-regulated the expression levels of the melatonin synthesis genes TDC2 and ASMT1 under drought stress by 7-fold and 5-fold, approximately. These improvements were reflected by an increase in the relative water content (RWC) and the root-shoot ratio in the drought-stressed rice seedlings that received a melatonin application. Consequently, melatonin considerably reduced the adverse effects of drought stress on rice seedlings and improved rice’s ability to tolerate drought by primarily boosting endogenous antioxidant enzymes and osmoregulation abilities.
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Li J, Xie J, Yu J, Lyv J, Zhang J, Ding D, Li N, Zhang J, Bakpa EP, Yang Y, Niu T, Gao F. Melatonin enhanced low-temperature combined with low-light tolerance of pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings by regulating root growth, antioxidant defense system, and osmotic adjustment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998293. [PMID: 36247609 PMCID: PMC9554354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is an important biologically active hormone that plays a vital role in plant growth and development. In particular, it has been investigated for its roles in abiotic stress management. In this study, pepper seedlings were subjected to low-temperature combined with low-light stress (LL) (15/5°C, 100 μmol m-2s-1) prior to a foliar spray of 200mM MT for 168h to investigate the protective role of MT in pepper seedlings. Our results demonstrated that LL stress negatively affected root growth, and accelerated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2 and O 2 - , changed the osmolytes contents, and antioxidative system. However, these were reversed by exogenous MT application. MT effectively promoted the root growth as indicated by significant increase in root length, surface area, root volume, tips, forks, and crossings. In addition, MT reduced the burst of ROS and MDA contents induced by LL, enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, APX, DHAR, and MDHAR resulted by upregulated expressions of CaSOD, CaPOD, CaCAT, CaAPX, CaDHAR, and CaMDHAR, and elevated the contents of AsA and GSH, declined DHA and GSSH contents, which prevented membrane lipid peroxidation and protected plants from oxidative damages under LL stress. Furthermore, seedlings treated with MT released high contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leave, which might enhance LL tolerance by maintaining substance biosynthesis and maintaining cellular homeostasis resulted by high levels of osmolytes and carbohydrate in the cytosol. Our current findings confirmed the mitigating potential of MT application for LL stress by promoting pepper root growth, improving antioxidative defense system, ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institution of Vegetable, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nenghui Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Yan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianhang Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Wang K, He J, Zhao N, Zhao Y, Qi F, Fan F, Wang Y. Effects of melatonin on growth and antioxidant capacity of naked oat ( Avena nuda L) seedlings under lead stress. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. In recent years, lead (Pb) pollution has seriously affected the living environment of plants. In this study, we applied two different concentrations of MT to naked oat seedlings under Pb stress to explore the effect of MT on naked oat seedlings under Pb pollution. The results showed that Pb stress seriously inhibited the growth and development of naked oat seedlings, which was alleviated by MT. MT could increase the soluble protein content and decrease the proline content of naked oat seedlings to maintain the osmotic balance of naked oat seedlings. The application of MT could accelerate the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), so as to maintain the redox balance in naked oat seedlings. Exogenous melatonin could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of naked oat seedlings under Pb treatment, so as to improve the photosynthesis efficiency of naked oat seedlings. MT could also remarkably up regulate the expression of the genes of LOX, POX and Asmap1, and affect the expression of transcription factors NAC and WRKY1. It might regulate the expression of downstream genes through MAPKs pathways and TFs to improve the Pb tolerance of naked oat seedlings. These results proved that MT could significantly promote the growth and development of naked oats seedlings under Pb stress, which is expected to be applied in agricultural production practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Jinjin He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Ningbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Fangbing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Fenggui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
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23
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Basic Cognition of Melatonin Regulation of Plant Growth under Salt Stress: A Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081610. [PMID: 36009327 PMCID: PMC9405259 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress severely restricts the growth of plants and threatens the development of agriculture throughout the world. Worldwide studies have shown that exogenous melatonin (MT) can effectively improve the growth of plants under salt stress. Through a meta-analysis of 549 observations, this study first explored the effects of salt stress characteristics and MT application characteristics on MT regulated plant growth under salt stress. The results show that MT has a wide range of regulatory effects on plant growth indicators under salt stress, of which the regulatory effect on root indexes is the strongest, and this regulatory effect is not species-specific. The intensity of salt stress did not affect the positive effect of MT on plant growth, but the application effect of MT in soil was stronger than that in rooting medium. This meta-analysis also revealed that the foliar application of a concentration between 100–200 μM is the best condition for MT to enhance plant growth under salt stress. The results can inspire scientific research and practical production, while seeking the maximum improvement in plant salt tolerance under salt stress.
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24
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Sheikhalipour M, Mohammadi SA, Esmaielpour B, Zareei E, Kulak M, Ali S, Nouraein M, Bahrami MK, Gohari G, Fotopoulos V. Exogenous melatonin increases salt tolerance in bitter melon by regulating ionic balance, antioxidant system and secondary metabolism-related genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:380. [PMID: 35907823 PMCID: PMC9338570 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a multi-functional molecule widely employed in order to mitigate abiotic stress factors, in general and salt stress in particular. Even though previous reports revealed that melatonin could exhibit roles in promoting seed germination and protecting plants during various developmental stages of several plant species under salt stress, no reports are available with respect to the regulatory acts of melatonin on the physiological and biochemical status as well as the expression levels of defense- and secondary metabolism-related related transcripts in bitter melon subjected to the salt stress. RESULTS Herewith the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and ion balance, antioxidant system, as well as transcript analysis of defense-related genes (WRKY1, SOS1, PM H+-ATPase, SKOR, Mc5PTase7, and SOAR1) and secondary metabolism-related gene expression (MAP30, α-MMC, polypeptide-P, and PAL) in salt-stressed bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plants in response to melatonin treatment. In this regard, different levels of melatonin (0, 75 and 150 µM) were applied to mitigate salinity stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in bitter melon. Accordingly, present findings revealed that 100 mM salinity stress decreased growth and photosynthesis parameters (SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and some nutrient elements (K+, Ca2+, and P), while it increased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), proline, Na+, Cl-, H2O2, MDA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lead to the induction of the examined genes. However, prsiming with 150 µM melatonin increased SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and K+, Ca2+, and P concentration while decreased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), Na+, Cl-, H2O2, and MDA under salt stress. In addition, the antioxidant system and gene expression levels were increased by melatonin (150 µM). CONCLUSIONS Overall, it can be postulated that the application of melatonin (150 µM) has effective roles in alleviating the adverse impacts of salinity through critical modifications in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sheikhalipour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Center for Cell Pathology, Department of Life Sciences, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Nouraein
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Limassol, Cyprus
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25
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Gu Q, Xiao Q, Chen Z, Han Y. Crosstalk between Melatonin and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105666. [PMID: 35628474 PMCID: PMC9143051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin acts as a multifunctional molecule that takes part in various physiological processes, especially in the protection against abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, etc. These stresses typically elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Excessive ROS induce oxidative stress and decrease crop growth and productivity. Significant advances in melatonin initiate a complex antioxidant system that modulates ROS homeostasis in plants. Numerous evidences further reveal that melatonin often cooperates with other signaling molecules, such as ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The interaction among melatonin, NO, H2S, and ROS orchestrates the responses to abiotic stresses via signaling networks, thus conferring the plant tolerance. In this review, we summarize the roles of melatonin in establishing redox homeostasis through the antioxidant system and the current progress of complex interactions among melatonin, NO, H2S, and ROS in higher plant responses to abiotic stresses. We further highlight the vital role of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) during these processes. The complicated integration that occurs between ROS and melatonin in plants is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gu
- School of Biological Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.G.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qingqing Xiao
- School of Biological Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.G.); (Q.X.)
| | - Ziping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yi Han
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Y.H.)
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26
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Wang Y, Guo D, Wang J, Tian B, Li Y, Sun G, Zhang H. Exogenous melatonin alleviates NO 2 damage in tobacco leaves by promoting antioxidant defense, modulating redox homeostasis, and signal transduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127265. [PMID: 34583160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common outdoor air pollutant, which has adverse effects on the environment and human health. Herein, NO2 inhibited photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity in plants. Melatonin (Mel) is a neurohormone found in the pineal gland. Exogenous Mel alleviated chlorophyll degradation and increased the expression of key proteins and genes in the process of chlorophyll synthesis in tobacco leaves exposed to NO2. Additionally, the activities of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) were enhanced. PSII and PSI reaction center proteins and genes were upregulated. Mel pre-treatment enhanced enzyme activities and expression of proteins related to the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle and thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin pathway in leaves exposed to NO2, thus regulating their redox balance. Furthermore, exogenous Mel mediated the polyamine synthesis pathway and increased the expression of the key enzyme proteins SAMS1, SAMS2, and SAMS3 in the polyamine synthesis pathway in leaves under NO2 stress. Mel regulated ABA signal transduction and calmodulin binding transcription factors CAMTA12 and NtCaM calmodulin NtCaM2 in Ca2+ signal transduction. Collectively, these results elucidate that Mel can alleviate high-concentration NO2, thus suitable for agricultural application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Tian
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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27
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Yin Y, Xu J, He X, Yang Z, Fang W, Tao J. Role of exogenous melatonin involved in phenolic acid metabolism of germinated hulless barley under NaCl stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:14-22. [PMID: 34844114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of exogenous MT on phenolic acids biosynthesis and the response to NaCl stress in germinating barley were investigated to explicate the role and molecular mechanism of MT in the regulation of phenolic acids and biomass under salt stress. Results showed that exogenous MT increased the gene expression and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase involved in phenols biosynthesis. As a result, phenolic acids contents significantly increased, and ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were mostly induced by exogenous MT treatment. Meanwhile, exogenous MT application reduced the damage of NaCl stress, including promotion sprout growth, biomass and Ca2+ influs, malonaldehyde and H2O2 content reduction, increases of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in barley seedlings. These results indicated that exogenous MT was essential for inducing phenolic acids accumulation and alleviated the inhibition of NaCl stress on barley seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Jinpeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xudong He
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
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28
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Lu X, Min W, Shi Y, Tian L, Li P, Ma T, Zhang Y, Luo C. Exogenous Melatonin Alleviates Alkaline Stress by Removing Reactive Oxygen Species and Promoting Antioxidant Defence in Rice Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849553. [PMID: 35356121 PMCID: PMC8959771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress seriously restricts rice growth, development, and production in northern China. The damage of alkaline stress on rice is much greater than that of salt due to ion toxicity, osmotic stress, and especially high pH. As a signal molecule, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) mediates many physiological processes in rice and participates in protecting rice from abiotic stress. The potential mechanism of exogenous melatonin-mediated alkaline stress tolerance is still largely unknown. In this study, the effects of melatonin on the morphological change, physiological property, and corresponding genes expression in rice seedlings were analyzed under alkaline stress (20 mmol L-1, pH 9.55). The results showed that the expression levels of MT synthesis genes (TDC2, T5H, SNAT, ASMT1, and ASMT2) were induced by both exogenous MT and alkaline stress treatment. The cell membrane was protected by MT, and the MT furtherly play role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The scavenging of ROS by melatonin is attributed to the coupling of the improvement of redox homeostasis and the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant content by upregulating the transcriptional levels of antioxidase genes. In the meantime, MT pretreatment promoted the accumulation of free proline, sucrose, and fructose by regulating the OsP5CS, OsSUS7, and OsSPS1 gene expression level and increased chlorophyll content upregulating the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes. Ultimately, the alleviating effect of exogenous melatonin on alkaline stress was reflected in increasing the leaf relative water content (RWC) and root-shoot ratio and reducing the leaf tip wilt index (TWI) through a series of physiological and biochemical changes. Melatonin pretreatment changed the expression level of MT synthesis genes which might contribute to MT synthesis in rice, consequently, activated the ROS scavenging system and alleviating the damage of alkaline stress on rice seedlings. Our study comprehensively understands the alleviating effect of exogenous melatonin on rice under alkaline stress.
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29
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Zeng W, Mostafa S, Lu Z, Jin B. Melatonin-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:847175. [PMID: 35615125 PMCID: PMC9125191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.847175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multi-functional molecule that is ubiquitous in all living organisms. Melatonin performs essential roles in plant stress tolerance; its application can reduce the harmful effects of abiotic stresses. Plant melatonin biosynthesis, which usually occurs within chloroplasts, and its related metabolic pathways have been extensively characterized. Melatonin regulates plant stress responses by directly inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and by indirectly affecting stress response pathways. In this review, we summarize recent research concerning melatonin biosynthesis, metabolism, and antioxidation; we focus on melatonin-mediated tolerance to abiotic stresses including drought, waterlogging, salt, heat, cold, heavy metal toxicity, light and others. We also examine exogenous melatonin treatment in plants under abiotic stress. Finally, we discuss future perspectives in melatonin research and its applications in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Salma Mostafa
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zhaogeng Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaogeng Lu,
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Biao Jin,
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