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Stark R. The olfactory bulb: A neuroendocrine spotlight on feeding and metabolism. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13382. [PMID: 38468186 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Olfaction is the most ancient sense and is needed for food-seeking, danger protection, mating and survival. It is often the first sensory modality to perceive changes in the external environment, before sight, taste or sound. Odour molecules activate olfactory sensory neurons that reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity, which transmits this odour-specific information to the olfactory bulb (OB), where it is relayed to higher brain regions involved in olfactory perception and behaviour. Besides odour processing, recent studies suggest that the OB extends its function into the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Furthermore, numerous hormone receptors associated with appetite and metabolism are expressed within the OB, suggesting a neuroendocrine role outside the hypothalamus. Olfactory cues are important to promote food preparatory behaviours and consumption, such as enhancing appetite and salivation. In addition, altered metabolism or energy state (fasting, satiety and overnutrition) can change olfactory processing and perception. Similarly, various animal models and human pathologies indicate a strong link between olfactory impairment and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the nature of this reciprocal relationship is critical to understand how olfactory or metabolic disorders arise. This present review elaborates on the connection between olfaction, feeding behaviour and metabolism and will shed light on the neuroendocrine role of the OB as an interface between the external and internal environments. Elucidating the specific mechanisms by which olfactory signals are integrated and translated into metabolic responses holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at modulating appetite and promoting metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Smith AD, Schwartzman G, Lyons CE, Flowers H, Albon D, Greer K, Lonabaugh K, Zlotoff BJ. Cutaneous manifestations of cystic fibrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00670-4. [PMID: 38697219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a mutation in the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and features recurrent sinus and pulmonary infections, steatorrhea, and malnutrition. CF is associated with diverse cutaneous manifestations, including transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma of the palms, nutrient deficiency dermatoses, and vasculitis. Rarely these are presenting symptoms of CF, prior to pulmonary or gastrointestinal sequelae. Cutaneous drug eruptions are also highly common in patients with CF (PwCF) given frequent antibiotic exposure. Finally, CFTR modulating therapy, which has revolutionized CF management, is associated with cutaneous side effects ranging from acute urticaria to toxic epidermal necrolysis. Recognition of dermatologic clinical manifestations of CF is important to appropriately care for PwCF. Dermatologists may play a significant role in the diagnosis and management of CF and associated skin complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Smith
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | | | - Catherine E Lyons
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hal Flowers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dana Albon
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenneth Greer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kevin Lonabaugh
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Barrett J Zlotoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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3
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Ayats-Vidal R, Bosque-García M, Cordobilla B, Asensio-De la Cruz O, García-González M, Loureda-Pérez S, Fernández-López E, Robert-Barriocanal E, Valiente-Planas A, Domingo JC. Impact of 1-Year Supplementation with High-Rich Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Clinical Variables and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:970. [PMID: 38613004 PMCID: PMC11013158 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with high-rich docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Tridocosahexanoin-AOX® 70%) at 50 mg/kg/day in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as compared with placebo. The duration of supplementation was 12 months. A total of 22 patients were included, with 11 in the DHA group and 11 in the placebo group. The mean age was 11.7 years. The outcome variables were pulmonary function, exacerbations, sputum cellularity, inflammatory biomarkers in sputum and peripheral blood, and anthropometric variables. In the DHA group, there was a significant increase in FVC (p = 0.004) and FVE1 expressed in liters (p = 0.044) as compared with placebo, and a lower median number of exacerbations (1 vs. 2). Differences in sputum cellularity (predominantly neutrophilic), neutrophilic elastase, and sputum and serum concentrations of resolvin D1 (RvD1), interleukin (IL)-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) between the study groups were not found. Significant increases in weight and height were also observed among DHA-supplemented patients. The administration of the study product was safe and well tolerated. In summary, the use of a highly concentrated DHA supplement for 1 year as compared with placebo improved pulmonary function and reduced exacerbations in pediatric CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Ayats-Vidal
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (M.B.-G.); (O.A.-D.l.C.); (M.G.-G.); (S.L.-P.)
| | - Montserrat Bosque-García
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (M.B.-G.); (O.A.-D.l.C.); (M.G.-G.); (S.L.-P.)
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oscar Asensio-De la Cruz
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (M.B.-G.); (O.A.-D.l.C.); (M.G.-G.); (S.L.-P.)
| | - Miguel García-González
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (M.B.-G.); (O.A.-D.l.C.); (M.G.-G.); (S.L.-P.)
| | - Susana Loureda-Pérez
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (M.B.-G.); (O.A.-D.l.C.); (M.G.-G.); (S.L.-P.)
| | - Elena Fernández-López
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (E.F.-L.); (E.R.-B.); (A.V.-P.)
| | - Eva Robert-Barriocanal
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (E.F.-L.); (E.R.-B.); (A.V.-P.)
| | - Andrea Valiente-Planas
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain; (E.F.-L.); (E.R.-B.); (A.V.-P.)
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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Najm M, Cornet M, Albergante L, Zinovyev A, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Stoven V, Calzone L, Martignetti L. Representation and quantification of module activity from omics data with rROMA. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:8. [PMID: 38242871 PMCID: PMC10799004 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of analyzing high-throughput data in systems biology has been demonstrated in numerous studies, where molecular data, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, offers great opportunities for understanding the complexity of biological processes. One important aspect of data analysis in systems biology is the shift from a reductionist approach that focuses on individual components to a more integrative perspective that considers the system as a whole, where the emphasis shifted from differential expression of individual genes to determining the activity of gene sets. Here, we present the rROMA software package for fast and accurate computation of the activity of gene sets with coordinated expression. The rROMA package incorporates significant improvements in the calculation algorithm, along with the implementation of several functions for statistical analysis and visualizing results. These additions greatly expand the package's capabilities and offer valuable tools for data analysis and interpretation. It is an open-source package available on github at: www.github.com/sysbio-curie/rROMA . Based on publicly available transcriptomic datasets, we applied rROMA to cystic fibrosis, highlighting biological mechanisms potentially involved in the establishment and progression of the disease and the associated genes. Results indicate that rROMA can detect disease-related active signaling pathways using transcriptomic and proteomic data. The results notably identified a significant mechanism relevant to cystic fibrosis, raised awareness of a possible bias related to cell culture, and uncovered an intriguing gene that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Najm
- INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Cornet
- INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Luca Albergante
- INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Andrei Zinovyev
- INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Paris, France
- AP-HP. Centre - Université Paris Cité; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare - Mucoviscidose, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Stoven
- INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Calzone
- INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Loredana Martignetti
- INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France.
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France.
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5
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Ayats-Vidal R, Bosque-García M, Cordobilla B, Asensio-De la Cruz O, García-González M, Castro-Marrero J, López-Rico I, Domingo JC. Changes of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids after Supplementation with Highly Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113704. [PMID: 37297899 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized the fatty acid profiles in the erythrocyte membrane of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) receiving highly concentrated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation (Tridocosahexanoin-AOX® 70%) at 50 mg/kg/day (n = 11) or matching placebo (n = 11) for 12 months. The mean age was 11.7 years. The DHA group showed a statistically significant improvement in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which was observed as early as 6 months and further increased at 12 months. Among the n-3 PUFAs, there was a significant increase in DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Additionally, a statistically significant decrease in n-6 PUFAs was found, primarily due to a decrease in arachidonic acid (AA) levels and elongase 5 activity. However, we did not observe any changes in linoleic acid levels. The long-term administration of DHA over one year was safe and well tolerated. In summary, the administration of a high-rich DHA supplement at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for one year can correct erythrocyte AA/DHA imbalance and reduce fatty acid inflammatory markers. However, it is important to note that essential fatty acid alterations cannot be fully normalized with this treatment. These data provide timely information of essential fatty acid profile for future comparative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Ayats-Vidal
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Montserrat Bosque-García
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Asensio-De la Cruz
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Miguel García-González
- Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Marrero
- ME/CFS Research Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene López-Rico
- Pharmacy Department, Institut d'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Shrestha N, Rout-Pitt N, McCarron A, Jackson CA, Bulmer AC, McAinch AJ, Donnelley M, Parsons DW, Hryciw DH. Changes in Essential Fatty Acids and Ileal Genes Associated with Metabolizing Enzymes and Fatty Acid Transporters in Rodent Models of Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087194. [PMID: 37108362 PMCID: PMC10138779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the result of mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), causes essential fatty acid deficiency. The aim of this study was to characterize fatty acid handling in two rodent models of CF; one strain which harbors the loss of phenylalanine at position 508 (Phe508del) in CFTR and the other lacks functional CFTR (510X). Fatty acid concentrations were determined using gas chromatography in serum from Phe508del and 510X rats. The relative expression of genes responsible for fatty acid transport and metabolism were quantified using real-time PCR. Ileal tissue morphology was assessed histologically. There was an age-dependent decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid and the linoleic acid:α-linolenic acid ratio, a genotype-dependent decrease in docosapentaenoic acid (n-3) and an increase in the arachidonic acid:docosahexaenoic acid ratio in Phe508del rat serum, which was not observed in 510X rats. In the ileum, Cftr mRNA was increased in Phe508del rats but decreased in 510X rats. Further, Elvol2, Slc27a1, Slc27a2 and Got2 mRNA were increased in Phe508del rats only. As assessed by Sirius Red staining, collagen was increased in Phe508del and 510X ileum. Thus, CF rat models exhibit alterations in the concentration of circulating fatty acids, which may be due to altered transport and metabolism, in addition to fibrosis and microscopic structural changes in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Courtney A Jackson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - David W Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4215, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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The fatty acid imbalance of cystic fibrosis exists at birth independent of feeding in pig and ferret models. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1773-1791. [PMID: 36416119 PMCID: PMC9747517 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit a unique alteration of fatty acid composition, marked especially among polyunsaturates by relative deficiency of linoleic acid and excess of Mead acid. Relative deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid is variably found. However, the initial development of these abnormalities is not understood. We examined fatty acid composition in young CF ferrets and pigs, finding abnormalities from the day of birth onward including relative deficiency of linoleic acid in both species. Fatty acid composition abnormalities were present in both liver and serum phospholipids of newborn CF piglets even prior to feeding, including reduced linoleic acid and increased Mead acid. Serum fatty acid composition evolved over the first weeks of life in both non-CF and CF ferrets, though differences between CF and non-CF persisted. Although red blood cell phospholipid fatty acid composition was normal in newborn animals, it became perturbed in juvenile CF ferrets including relative deficiencies of linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids and excess of Mead acid. In summary, fatty acid composition abnormalities in CF pigs and ferrets exist from a young age including at birth independent of feeding and overlap extensively with the abnormalities found in humans with CF. That the abnormalities exist prior to feeding implies that dietary measures alone will not address the mechanisms of imbalance.
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Centorame A, Dumut DC, Youssef M, Ondra M, Kianicka I, Shah J, Paun RA, Ozdian T, Hanrahan JW, Gusev E, Petrof B, Hajduch M, Pislariu R, De Sanctis JB, Radzioch D. Treatment With LAU-7b Complements CFTR Modulator Therapy by Improving Lung Physiology and Normalizing Lipid Imbalance Associated With CF Lung Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:876842. [PMID: 35668939 PMCID: PMC9163687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.876842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease in Caucasians, affecting more than 100,000 individuals worldwide. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding CFTR, an anion channel at the plasma membrane of epithelial and other cells. Many CF pathogenic variants disrupt the biosynthesis and trafficking of CFTR or reduce its ion channel function. The most frequent mutation, loss of a phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del), leads to misfolding, retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, and premature degradation of the protein. The therapeutics available for treating CF lung disease include antibiotics, mucolytics, bronchodilators, physiotherapy, and most recently CFTR modulators. To date, no cure for this life shortening disease has been found. Treatment with the Triple combination drug therapy, TRIKAFTA®, is composed of three drugs: Elexacaftor (VX-445), Tezacaftor (VX-661) and Ivacaftor (VX-770). This therapy, benefits persons with CF, improving their weight, lung function, energy levels (as defined by reduced fatigue), and overall quality of life. We examined the effect of combining LAU-7b oral treatment and Triple therapy combination on lung function in a F508deltm1EUR mouse model that displays lung abnormalities relevant to human CF. We assessed lung function, lung histopathology, protein oxidation, lipid oxidation, and fatty acid and lipid profiles in F508deltm1EUR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Centorame
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daciana Catalina Dumut
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mina Youssef
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Ondra
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Juhi Shah
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Radu Alexandru Paun
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomas Ozdian
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - John W. Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Gusev
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Centre for Respiratory Research at McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Basil Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Centre for Respiratory Research at McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Danuta Radzioch
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Laurent Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Danuta Radzioch,
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9
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Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis—Some Notes on the Fat Recommendations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040853. [PMID: 35215502 PMCID: PMC8875685 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is important in cystic fibrosis (CF) because the disease is associated with a higher energy consumption, special nutritional deficiencies, and malabsorption mainly related to pancreatic insufficiency. The clinical course with deterioration of lung function has been shown to relate to nutrition. Despite general recommendation of high energy intake, the clinical deterioration is difficult to restrain suggesting that special needs have not been identified and specified. It is well-known that the CF phenotype is associated with lipid abnormalities, especially in the essential or conditionally essential fatty acids. This review will concentrate on the qualitative aspects of fat metabolism, which has mainly been neglected in dietary fat recommendations focusing on fat quantity. For more than 60 years it has been known and confirmed that the patients have a deficiency of linoleic acid, an n-6 essential fatty acid of importance for membrane structure and function. The ratio between arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, conditionally essential fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 series, respectively, is often increased. The recently discovered relations between the CFTR modulators and lipid metabolism raise new interests in this field and together with new technology provide possibilities to specify further specify personalized therapy.
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10
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Shape JM, Sala MA. Nutrition management in adults with cystic fibrosis. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:256-264. [PMID: 35118712 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal, monogenic, autosomal recessive disease with manifestations in multiple organ systems, including the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, that impact adequate nutrition. This review discusses important aspects of nutrition in adults with CF with a focus on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related diabetes, and gastrointestinal motility, as well as how advanced lung disease, CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators, and aging impact nutrition in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Shape
- Clinical Nutrition Services, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marc A Sala
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Hryciw DH, Jackson CA, Shrestha N, Parsons D, Donnelley M, McAinch AJ. Role for animal models in understanding essential fatty acid deficiency in cystic fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7991-7999. [PMID: 34741185 PMCID: PMC11072998 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential fatty acid deficiency has been observed in most patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF); however, pancreatic supplementation does not restore the deficiency, suggesting a different pathology independent of the pancreas. At this time, the underlying pathological mechanisms are largely unknown. Essential fatty acids are obtained from the diet and processed by organs including the liver and intestine, two organs significantly impacted by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (Cftr). There are several CF animal models in a variety of species that have been developed to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with the CF phenotype. Specifically, global and systemic mutations in Cftr which mimic genotypic changes identified in CF patients have been generated in mice, rats, sheep, pigs and ferrets. These mutations produce CFTR proteins with a gating defect, trafficking defect, or an absent or inactive CFTR channel. Essential fatty acids are critical to CFTR function, with a bidirectional relationship between CFTR and essential fatty acids proposed. Currently, there are limited analyses on the essential fatty acid status in most of these animal models. Of interest, in the mouse model, essential fatty acid status is dependent on the genotype and resultant phenotype of the mouse. Future investigations should identify an optimal animal model that has most of the phenotypic changes associated with CF including the essential fatty acid deficiencies, which can be used in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne H Hryciw
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Courtney A Jackson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
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12
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Mora Vallellano J, Delgado Pecellín C, Delgado Pecellín I, Quintana Gallego E, López-Campos JL. Evaluation of bone metabolism in children with cystic fibrosis. Bone 2021; 147:115929. [PMID: 33737192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) bone disease (CFBD) has attracted considerable recent interest from researchers, although several aspects of CFBD pathophysiology remain poorly understood. The objective of this research was to investigate CFBD in children with CF and its relation to clinical and bone metabolism markers. METHODS In a prospective observational study of 68 patients with CF and 63 healthy controls, we studied bone turnover biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD). The biomarkers included osteocalcin, total-alkaline phosphatase, bone-alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal propeptide of type-1-procollagen, osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukine-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), type-1-collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), parathormone (PTH), 25-vitamin D, 1,25-vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus. BMD was examined in lumbar spine, comparing two healthy Spanish populations. Two regression analyses were applied to any significant associations to evaluate predictors of BMD and of CF, expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and height Z-score, gains in BMD LS in children and adolescents (6-16 years) with CF were not less than in healthy reference population. Patients with CF showed significant associations with different bone turnover biomarkers. Age, gender, body mass index, PTH, CTX and OPG were significant predictors of BMD (R2 = 0.866, p < 0,001). Moreover, we found that PTH (OR = 1.070; 95% CI 1.019-1.123), and TNFα (OR = 2.173; 95% CI 1.514-3.118) were significantly linked to CF, and calcium (OR = 0.115; 95% CI 0.025-0.524), 1,25-vitamin D (OR = 0.979; 95% CI 0.962 0.996) and OPG (OR = 0.189; 95% CI 0.073-0.489) were significant reduced. CONCLUSION A normal bone mineral density along with altered remodeling was found in CF patients with a normal nutritional status and without acute lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Delgado Pecellín
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Quintana Gallego
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Unidad de Fibrosis Quística, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Turolo S, Edefonti A, Mazzocchi A, Syren ML, Morello W, Agostoni C, Montini G. Role of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in the Biological and Clinical Manifestations of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5452. [PMID: 34064238 PMCID: PMC8196840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies concerning the role of arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites in kidney disease are scarce, and this applies in particular to idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). INS is one of the most frequent glomerular diseases in childhood; it is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction, alterations of pro- and anti-coagulant factor levels, and increased platelet count and aggregation, leading to thrombophilia. AA and its metabolites are involved in several biological processes. Herein, we describe the main fields where they may play a significant role, particularly as it pertains to their effects on the kidney and the mechanisms underlying INS. AA and its metabolites influence cell membrane fluidity and permeability, modulate platelet activity and coagulation, regulate lymphocyte activity and inflammation, preserve the permeability of the glomerular barrier, influence podocyte physiology, and play a role in renal fibrosis. We also provide suggestions regarding dietary measures that are able to prevent an imbalance between arachidonic acid and its parental compound linoleic acid, in order to counteract the inflammatory state which characterizes numerous kidney diseases. On this basis, studies of AA in kidney disease appear as an important field to explore, with possible relevant results at the biological, dietary, and pharmacological level, in the final perspective for AA to modulate INS clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Turolo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Alberto Edefonti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Marie Louise Syren
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
| | - William Morello
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Via della Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (W.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.L.S.); (C.A.)
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Strandvik B. Is the ENaC Dysregulation in CF an Effect of Protein-Lipid Interaction in the Membranes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052739. [PMID: 33800499 PMCID: PMC7962953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While approximately 2000 mutations have been discovered in the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), only a small amount (about 10%) is associated with clinical cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. The discovery of the association between CFTR and the hyperactive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) has raised the question of the influence of ENaC on the clinical CF phenotype. ENaC disturbance contributes to the pathological secretion, and overexpression of one ENaC subunit, the β-unit, can give a CF-like phenotype in mice with normal acting CFTR. The development of ENaC channel modulators is now in progress. Both CFTR and ENaC are located in the cell membrane and are influenced by its lipid configuration. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the interaction of lipids and these proteins in the membranes. Linoleic acid deficiency is the most prevailing lipid abnormality in CF, and linoleic acid is an important constituent of membranes. The influence on sodium excretion by linoleic acid supplementation indicates that lipid-protein interaction is of importance for the clinical pathophysiology in CF. Further studies of this association can imply a simple clinical adjuvant in CF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet NEO, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Jourdain ML, Sergheraert J, Braux J, Guillaume C, Gangloff SC, Hubert D, Velard F, Jacquot J. Osteoclastogenesis and sphingosine-1-phosphate secretion from human osteoclast precursor monocytes are modulated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166010. [PMID: 33188942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteopenia and increased fracture rates are well-recognized in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. In CF pathology, F508del is the most common CFTR mutation, with more than 85% of patients carrying it on at least one allele. The underlying molecular defect in CFTR caused by the F508del-CFTR mutation in osteoclastogenesis, i.e., on the generation and bone-resorption activity of osteoclasts (OCs) from peripheral blood-derived monocytes (PBMCs) remained unexplored. We therefore investigated whether the F508del mutation could affect the osteoclastogenic capacity of PBMCs collected from 15 adult patients bearing the F508del-CFTR mutation, to modulate their bone-resorptive abilities and the level of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) produced by OCs, a key factor in the bone mineral density and formation. In the present study, a severe, defective differentiation of CF-F508del PBMCs to CF-F508del OCs without any significant difference in nuclei number per OC was found compared to non-CF healthy PBMCs from 13 subjects after 7-14-days culture periods. We observed a reduced number of formed non-CF healthy OCs in the presence of a selective inhibitor of CFTR chloride conductance (CFTR-Inh172). Our data regarding OCs resorptive capabilites revealed that a loss of CFTR chloride activity in OCs led to a marked reduction in their trench-resorption mode. A 7-fold increase of the S1P release by CF-F508del OCs was found compared to non-CF healthy OCs after a 21-days culture period. We hypothesize that defective maturation of F508del-OCs precursor monocytes associated with high S1P production in the bone environment might contribute to low bone mineral density observed in the CF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Jourdain
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", 51097 Reims, France; CHU de Reims, Pôle de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Johan Sergheraert
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", 51097 Reims, France; CHU de Reims, Pôle de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Julien Braux
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", 51097 Reims, France; CHU de Reims, Pôle de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Christine Guillaume
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", 51097 Reims, France
| | - Sophie C Gangloff
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", 51097 Reims, France
| | - Dominique Hubert
- Service de Pneumologie, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Hôpital Cochin, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Velard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", 51097 Reims, France.
| | - Jacky Jacquot
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691 "Biomatériaux et Inflammation en site osseux", 51097 Reims, France.
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16
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Vandebrouck C, Ferreira T. Glued in lipids: Lipointoxication in cystic fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103038. [PMID: 33038767 PMCID: PMC7648119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a chloride channel located at the apical surface of epithelial cells. Unsaturated Fatty Acid (UFA) deficiency has been a persistent observation in tissues from patients with CF. However, the impacts of such deficiencies on the etiology of the disease have been the object of intense debates. The aim of the present review is first to highlight the general consensus on fatty acid dysregulations that emerges from, sometimes apparently contradictory, studies. In a second step, a unifying mechanism for the potential impacts of these fatty acid dysregulations in CF cells, based on alterations of membrane biophysical properties (known as lipointoxication), is proposed. Finally, the contribution of lipointoxication to the progression of the CF disease and how it could affect the efficacy of current treatments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Vandebrouck
- Laboratoire "Lipointoxication and Channelopathies (LiTch) - ConicMeds", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France; Laboratoire "Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM; EA 7349)", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Ferreira
- Laboratoire "Lipointoxication and Channelopathies (LiTch) - ConicMeds", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France.
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17
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Wheelock CE, Strandvik B. Abnormal n-6 fatty acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis contributes to pulmonary symptoms. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 160:102156. [PMID: 32750662 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessively inherited fatal disease that is the subject of extensive research and ongoing development of therapeutics targeting the defective protein, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Despite progress, the link between CFTR and clinical symptoms is incomplete. The severe CF phenotypes are associated with a deficiency of linoleic acid, which is the precursor of arachidonic acid. The release of arachidonic acid from membranes via phospholipase A2 is the rate-limiting step for eicosanoid synthesis and is increased in CF, which contributes to the observed inflammation. A potential deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid may lead to decreased levels of specialized pro-resolving mediators. This pathophysiology may contribute to an early and sterile inflammation, mucus production, and to bacterial colonization, which further increases inflammation and potentiates the clinical symptoms. Advances in lipid technology will assist in elucidating the role of lipid metabolism in CF, and stimulate therapeutic modulations of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Dept of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Mitri C, Xu Z, Bardin P, Corvol H, Touqui L, Tabary O. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease: Identification of Molecular Targets and Design of Innovative Therapies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1096. [PMID: 32848733 PMCID: PMC7396676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disorder among Caucasians, estimated to affect more than 70,000 people in the world. Severe and persistent bronchial inflammation and chronic bacterial infection, along with airway mucus obstruction, are hallmarks of CF lung disease and participate in its progression. Anti-inflammatory therapies are, therefore, of particular interest for CF lung disease. Furthermore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in airway infection and inflammation in CF has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches that are currently under evaluation by clinical trials. These new strategies dedicated to CF inflammation are designed to treat different dysregulated aspects such as oxidative stress, cytokine secretion, and the targeting of dysregulated pathways. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to abnormal lung inflammation in CF, as well as the new anti-inflammatory strategies proposed to CF patients by exploring novel molecular targets and novel drug approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Mitri
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.,Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pauline Bardin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.,Département de Pédiatrie Respiratoire, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.,Equipe Mucoviscidose et Bronchopathies Chroniques, Département Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tabary
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
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Hanssens L, Duchateau J, Namane SA, Malfroot A, Knoop C, Casimir G. Influence of lung transplantation on the essential fatty acid profile in cystic fibrosis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 158:102060. [PMID: 32044180 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is assumed to normalize essential fatty acid (EFA) profile in the plasma, described as abnormal in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study sought to evaluate the EFA profile in both the plasma and erythrocyte membrane according to lung status by comparing CF patients with or without a lung transplant. A total of 50 homozygous F508del patients (33 CF patients [CF group] and 17 CF patients with a lung transplant [TX CF group]) were included. In comparison with the CF group, in the plasma, the levels of total n-3, α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids were higher and the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower in the TX CF group. Yet, these differences were not observed in the erythrocyte membrane. This study supports that lung transplantation improves the EFA profile in the plasma but not in the erythrocyte membrane by means of the different mechanisms suggested in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Hanssens
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Avenue J.J. Crocq, 15,1020 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - J Duchateau
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - Institut de mucoviscidose de l'ULB -Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S A Namane
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Malfroot
- Hôpital Universitaire Erasme - Institut de mucoviscidose de l'ULB - Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Knoop
- Laboratoire de pédiatrie de l'Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Casimir
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Avenue J.J. Crocq, 15,1020 Brussels, Belgium
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Sagel SD, Wagner BD, Ziady A, Kelley T, Clancy JP, Narvaez-Rivas M, Pilewski J, Joseloff E, Sha W, Zelnick L, Setchell KDR, Heltshe SL, Muhlebach MS. Utilizing centralized biorepository samples for biomarkers of cystic fibrosis lung disease severity. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:632-640. [PMID: 31870630 PMCID: PMC7305052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating biomarkers reflective of lung disease activity and severity have the potential to improve patient care and accelerate drug development in CF. The objective of this study was to leverage banked specimens to test the hypothesis that blood-based biomarkers discriminate CF children segregated by lung disease severity. METHODS Banked serum samples were selected from children who were categorized into two extremes of phenotype associated with lung function ('mild' or 'severe') based on CF-specific data and were matched on age, gender, CFTR genotype, and P. aeruginosa infection status. Targeted inflammatory proteins, lipids, and discovery metabolite profiles were measured in these serum samples. RESULTS The severe cohort, characterized by a lower CF-specific FEV1 percentile, had significantly higher circulating concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and calprotectin compared to the mild cohort. The mild cohort tended to have higher serum linoleic acid concentrations. The metabolite arabitol was lower in the severe cohort while other CF relevant metabolic pathways showed non-significant differences after adjusting for multiple comparisons. A sensitivity analysis to correct for biased estimates that may result from selecting subjects using an extremes of phenotype approach confirmed the protein biomarker findings. CONCLUSIONS Circulating inflammatory proteins differ in CF children segregated by lung function. These findings serve to demonstrate the value of maintaining centralized, high quality patient derived samples for future research, with linkage to clinical information to answer testable hypotheses in biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Sagel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Assem Ziady
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tom Kelley
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - John P Clancy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Joseph Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 150 Research Campus Dr., Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Leila Zelnick
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sonya L Heltshe
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marianne S Muhlebach
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Antimicrobial Activity of Host-Derived Lipids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020075. [PMID: 32054068 PMCID: PMC7168235 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-derived lipids are increasingly recognized as antimicrobial molecules that function in innate immune activities along with antimicrobial peptides. Sphingoid bases and fatty acids found on the skin, in saliva and other body fluids, and on all mucosal surfaces, including oral mucosa, exhibit antimicrobial activity against a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and reduce inflammation in animal models. Multiple studies demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of lipids is both specific and selective. There are indications that the site of action of antimicrobial fatty acids is the bacterial membrane, while the long-chain bases may inhibit cell wall synthesis as well as interacting with bacterial membranes. Research in this area, although still sporadic, has slowly increased in the last few decades; however, we still have much to learn about antimicrobial lipid mechanisms of activity and their potential use in novel drugs or topical treatments. One important potential benefit for the use of innate antimicrobial lipids (AMLs) as antimicrobial agents is the decreased likelihood side effects with treatment. Multiple studies report that endogenous AML treatments do not induce damage to cells or tissues, often decrease inflammation, and are active against biofilms. The present review summarizes the history of antimicrobial lipids from the skin surface, including both fatty acids and sphingoid bases, in multiple human body systems and summarizes their relative activity against various microorganisms. The range of antibacterial activities of lipids present at the skin surface and in saliva is presented. Some observations relevant to mechanisms of actions are discussed, but are largely still unknown. Multiple recent studies examine the therapeutic and prophylactic uses of AMLs. Although these lipids have been repeatedly demonstrated to act as innate effector molecules, they are not yet widely accepted as such. These compiled data further support fatty acid and sphingoid base inclusion as innate effector molecules.
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Zang X, Monge ME, Gaul DA, McCarty NA, Stecenko A, Fernández FM. Early Detection of Cystic Fibrosis Acute Pulmonary Exacerbations by Exhaled Breath Condensate Metabolomics. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:144-152. [PMID: 31621328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The most common cause of death in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is progressive lung function decline, which is punctuated by acute pulmonary exacerbations (APEs). A major challenge is to discover biomarkers for detecting an oncoming APE and allow for pre-emptive clinical interventions. Metabolic profiling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples collected from CF patients before, during, and after APEs and under stable conditions (n = 210) was performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS). Negative ion mode MS data showed that classification between metabolic profiles from "pre-APE" (pending APE before the CF patient had any signs of illness) and stable CF samples was possible with good sensitivities (85.7 and 89.5%), specificities (88.4 and 84.1%), and accuracies (87.7 and 85.7%) for pediatric and adult patients, respectively. Improved classification performance was achieved by combining positive with negative ion mode data. Discriminant metabolites included two potential biomarkers identified in a previous pilot study: lactic acid and 4-hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylic acid. Some of the discriminant metabolites had microbial origins, indicating a possible role of bacterial metabolism in APE progression. The results show promise for detecting an oncoming APE using EBC metabolites, thus permitting early intervention to abort such an event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION) , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390 , Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1425FQD , Argentina
| | - David A Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research and Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Arlene Stecenko
- Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research and Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Troisi J, Cavallo P, Colucci A, Pierri L, Scala G, Symes S, Jones C, Richards S. Metabolomics in genetic testing. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 94:85-153. [PMID: 31952575 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an intriguing field of study providing a new readout of the biochemical activities taking place at the moment of sampling within a subject's biofluid or tissue. Metabolite concentrations are influenced by several factors including disease, environment, drugs, diet and, importantly, genetics. Metabolomics signatures, which describe a subject's phenotype, are useful for disease diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for predicting and monitoring the effectiveness of treatments. Metabolomics is conventionally divided into targeted (i.e., the quantitative analysis of a predetermined group of metabolites) and untargeted studies (i.e., analysis of the complete set of small-molecule metabolites contained in a biofluid without a pre-imposed metabolites-selection). Both approaches have demonstrated high value in the investigation and understanding of several monogenic and multigenic conditions. Due to low costs per sample and relatively short analysis times, metabolomics can be a useful and robust complement to genetic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; Theoreo srl, Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Cavallo
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy; Istituto Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Luca Pierri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Steven Symes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Carter Jones
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
| | - Sean Richards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN, United States; Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, United States
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Watson JE, Kim JS, Das A. Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106337. [PMID: 31085370 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor activation is involved in homeostatic regulation of the body. These receptors are activated by cannabinoids, that include the active constituents of Cannabis sativa, as well as endocannabinoids (eCBs). The eCBs are endogenously synthesized from the omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids shifts the balance towards a higher proportion of omega-3 eCBs, whose physiological functions warrants further investigation. Herein, we review the discovery of omega-3 fatty acid derived eCBs that are generated from long chain omega-3 PUFAs - docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHA-EA or synaptamide), docosahexanoyl-glycerol (DHG), eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPA-EA) and eicosapentanoylglycerol (EPG). Furthermore, we outline the lesser known omega-3 eCB-like molecules that arise from the conjugation of omega-3 fatty acids with neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine - DHA-serotonin (DHA-5HT), DHA-dopamine (DHA-DA), EPA-serotonin (EPA-5HT) and EPA-dopamine (EPA-DA). Additionally, we describe the role of omega-3 eCBs and their derivatives in different disease states, such as pain, inflammation and cancer. Moreover, we detail the formation and potential physiological roles of the oxidative metabolites that arise from the metabolism of omega-3 eCBs by eicosanoid synthesizing enzymes - cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP450). In summary, we outline the novel findings regarding a growing class of signaling molecules that can control the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Urbana, IL 61802, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Fiorotto R, Strazzabosco M. Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease: A Channelopathy Leading to Alterations in Innate Immunity and in Microbiota. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:197-207. [PMID: 31075352 PMCID: PMC6664222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutation of Cftr. CF-associated liver disease (CFLD) is a common nonpulmonary cause of mortality in CF and accounts for approximately 2.5%-5% of overall CF mortality. The peak of the disease is in the pediatric population, but a second wave of liver disease in CF adults has been reported in the past decade in association with an increase in the life expectancy of these patients. New drugs are available to correct the basic defect in CF but their efficacy in CFLD is not known. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, expressed in the apical membrane of cholangiocytes, is a major determinant for bile secretion and CFLD classically has been considered a channelopathy. However, the recent findings of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as a regulator of epithelial innate immunity and the possible influence of the intestinal disease with an altered microbiota on the liver complication have opened new mechanistic insights on the pathogenesis of CFLD. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and discusses a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Fiorotto
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Romina Fiorotto, PhD, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale Liver Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, 1080-LMP, PO Box 208019, New Haven, Connecticut 06520. fax: (203) 785-7273.
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26
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Zhu H, Chen W, Liu D, Luo H. The role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Metabolism 2019; 93:44-51. [PMID: 30586574 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular abnormalities. The cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and current therapies are limited. Cell metabolism has been shown to play an essential role in cancer survival and tumour invasion as well as in rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Although little is known about SSc, cell metabolism may provide new clues for understanding its pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent studies of metabolism in SSc and fibrotic disease, specifically focusing on glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress. We highlight the role of metabolism in fibroblast differentiation and emphasize its potential therapeutic prospects in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.
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CUNHA ALPD, COSTA ACCD, VASCONCELOS Z, TAVARES DO CARMO MDG, CHAVES CRMDM. Fatty acid profile in erythrocytes associated with serum cytokines in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze erythrocyte fatty acid composition and its association with serum cytokine levels in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed at a reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We have included all pediatric patients aged 5-19 years with confirmed cystic fibrosis diagnosis. Erythrocyte fatty acid composition and serum cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) and C-reactive protein levels were measured. The cut-off point to determine essential fatty acids deficiency was the linoleic acid concentration of <21%. Results Twenty-six children (<10 years old) and thirty-one adolescents were studied. Most patients were female and heterozygous for DF508 mutation and suffered from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Both children and adolescents had lower linoleic acid concentration (<21%). TNF-α was the only pro-inflammatory marker whose levels were increased; the increase was greater in children. An association between fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion The pediatric cystic fibrosis patients studied presented a deficiency of essential fatty acids, and an association between fatty acid profile in erythrocytes and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. These findings highlight the importance of this type of assessment that may open new possibilities for studying pathophysiology and treating cystic fibrosis patients, such as the dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids). However, further longitudinal studies are needed for better clarification of the imbalance in lipid metabolism and inflammation in cystic fibrosis
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28
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Philippe R, Urbach V. Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102865. [PMID: 30241412 PMCID: PMC6213393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), impaired airway surface hydration (ASL) and mucociliary clearance that promote chronic bacterial colonization, persistent inflammation, and progressive structural damage to the airway wall architecture are typically explained by ion transport abnormalities related to the mutation of the gene coding for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel. However, the progressive and unrelenting inflammation of the CF airway begins early in life, becomes persistent, and is excessive relative to the bacterial burden. Intrinsic abnormalities of the inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis have been suggested but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This review aims to give an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the defective resolution of inflammation in CF including the abnormal production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (lipoxin and resolvin) and their impact on the pathogenesis of the CF airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Philippe
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75993 Paris, France.
| | - Valerie Urbach
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75993 Paris, France.
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29
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CFTR Deletion Confers Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Disrupts Lipid Homeostasis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070836. [PMID: 29954133 PMCID: PMC6073936 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which the intestine exhibits oxidative and inflammatory markers. As mitochondria are the central source and the main target of reactive oxygen species, we hypothesized that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) defect leads to the disruption of cellular lipid homeostasis, which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods. Mitochondrial functions and lipid metabolism were investigated in Caco-2/15 cells with CFTR knockout (CFTR-/-) engineered by the zinc finger nuclease technique. Experiments were performed under basal conditions and after the addition of the pro-oxidant iron-ascorbate (Fe/Asc) complex. Results. Mitochondria of intestinal cells with CFTR-/-, spontaneously showed an altered redox homeostasis characterised by a significant decrease in the expression of PPARα and nuclear factor like 2. Consistent with these observations, 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase, responsible for repair of ROS-induced DNA lesion, was weakly expressed in CFTR-/- cells. Moreover, disturbed fatty acid β-oxidation process was evidenced by the reduced expression of CPT1 and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long-chain in CFTR-/- cells. The decline of mitochondrial cytochrome c and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression pointing to magnified apoptosis. Mitochondrial respiration was also affected as demonstrated by the low expression of respiratory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and a high adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate ratio. In contrast, the FAS and ACC enzymes were markedly increased, thereby indicating lipogenesis stimulation. This was associated with an augmented secretion of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in CFTR-/- cells. The addition of Fe/Asc worsened while butylated hydroxy toluene partially improved these processes. Conclusions: CFTR silencing results in lipid homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal epithelial cells. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the marked abnormalities in response to CFTR deletion.
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30
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Morin C, Cantin AM, Vézina FA, Fortin S. The Efficacy of MAG-DHA for Correcting AA/DHA Imbalance of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16060184. [PMID: 29861448 PMCID: PMC6025526 DOI: 10.3390/md16060184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementations are thought to improve essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) as well as reduce inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), but their effectiveness in clinical studies remains unknown. The aim of the study was to determine how the medical food containing docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-DHA) influenced erythrocyte fatty acid profiles and the expression levels of inflammatory circulating mediators. We conducted a randomized, double blind, pilot trial including fifteen outpatients with Cystic Fibrosis, ages 18–48. The patients were divided into 2 groups and received MAG-DHA or a placebo (sunflower oil) for 60 days. Patients took 8 × 625 mg MAG-DHA softgels or 8 × 625 mg placebo softgels every day at bedtime for 60 days. Lipid analyses revealed that MAG-DHA increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and decrease arachidonic acid (AA) ratio (AA/DHA) in erythrocytes of CF patients following 1 month of daily supplementation. Data also revealed a reduction in plasma human leukocyte elastase (pHLE) complexes and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression levels in blood samples of MAG-DHA supplemented CF patients. This pilot study indicates that MAG-DHA supplementation corrects erythrocyte AA/DHA imbalance and may exert anti-inflammatory properties through the reduction of pHLE complexes and IL6 in blood samples of CF patients. Trial registration: Pro-resolving Effect of MAG-DHA in Cystic Fibrosis (PREMDIC), NCT02518672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, 235, route du Fleuve Ouest, Ste-Luce, QC G0K 1P0, Canada.
| | - André M Cantin
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Félix-Antoine Vézina
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, 235, route du Fleuve Ouest, Ste-Luce, QC G0K 1P0, Canada.
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Santos-Carballal B, Fernández Fernández E, Goycoolea FM. Chitosan in Non-Viral Gene Delivery: Role of Structure, Characterization Methods, and Insights in Cancer and Rare Diseases Therapies. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E444. [PMID: 30966479 PMCID: PMC6415274 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery vectors have lagged far behind viral ones in the current pipeline of clinical trials of gene therapy nanomedicines. Even when non-viral nanovectors pose less safety risks than do viruses, their efficacy is much lower. Since the early studies to deliver pDNA, chitosan has been regarded as a highly attractive biopolymer to deliver nucleic acids intracellularly and induce a transgenic response resulting in either upregulation of protein expression (for pDNA, mRNA) or its downregulation (for siRNA or microRNA). This is explained as the consequence of a multi-step process involving condensation of nucleic acids, protection against degradation, stabilization in physiological conditions, cellular internalization, release from the endolysosome ("proton sponge" effect), unpacking and enabling the trafficking of pDNA to the nucleus or the siRNA to the RNA interference silencing complex (RISC). Given the multiple steps and complexity involved in the gene transfection process, there is a dearth of understanding of the role of chitosan's structural features (Mw and degree of acetylation, DA%) on each step that dictates the net transfection efficiency and its kinetics. The use of fully characterized chitosan samples along with the utilization of complementary biophysical and biological techniques is key to bridging this gap of knowledge and identifying the optimal chitosans for delivering a specific gene. Other aspects such as cell type and administration route are also at play. At the same time, the role of chitosan structural features on the morphology, size and surface composition of synthetic virus-like particles has barely been addressed. The ongoing revolution brought about by the recent discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 technology will undoubtedly be a game changer in this field in the short term. In the field of rare diseases, gene therapy is perhaps where the greatest potential lies and we anticipate that chitosans will be key players in the translation of research to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Fernández Fernández
- Lung Biology Group, Department Clinical Microbiology, RCSI, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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32
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Gunasekara L, Al-Saiedy M, Green F, Pratt R, Bjornson C, Yang A, Michael Schoel W, Mitchell I, Brindle M, Montgomery M, Keys E, Dennis J, Shrestha G, Amrein M. Pulmonary surfactant dysfunction in pediatric cystic fibrosis: Mechanisms and reversal with a lipid-sequestering drug. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:565-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Increased Fat Absorption From Enteral Formula Through an In-line Digestive Cartridge in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65:97-101. [PMID: 28471913 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Supplemental enteral nutrition (EN) is used by approximately 12% of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and fat absorption of a new in-line digestive cartridge (Relizorb) that hydrolyzes fat in enteral formula provided to patients with CF. METHODS Patients with CF receiving EN participated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with an open-label safety evaluation period. Plasma omega-3 fatty acid (FA) concentrations were measured and used as markers of fat absorption. Gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded to evaluate safety and tolerability. Information regarding the effect of EN on appetite and breakfast consumption was also collected. RESULTS Before study entry, participants had received EN for a mean of 6.6 years at a mean volume of approximately 800 mL, yet had a mean body mass index of only 17.5 kg/m and omega-3 FA plasma concentrations were only 60% of levels found in normal healthy subjects. Compared with placebo, cartridge use resulted in a statistically significant 2.8-fold increase in plasma omega-3 FA concentrations. There were no adverse experiences associated with cartridge use, and a decrease in the frequency and severity of most symptoms of malabsorption was observed with cartridge use. Participants reported increased preservation of appetite and breakfast consumption with cartridge use compared with their pre-study regimen. CONCLUSIONS Use of this in-line digestive cartridge was safe and well tolerated, and resulted in significantly increased levels of plasma omega-3 FA used with enteral formula, suggesting an overall increased fat absorption.
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Complex Relation Between Diet and Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Children With Cystic Fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64:598-604. [PMID: 28333826 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Altered total plasma n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are common in cystic fibrosis (CF). Whether alterations extend to plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and are explained by diet is unclear. The present study was to describe the dietary intake of a large group of children with CF and to determine whether dietary fat composition explains differences in plasma PC and PE fatty acids between children with and without CF. METHODS Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Venous blood was collected. Plasma PC and PE were separately analyzed for fatty acids. RESULTS Children with CF, n = 74, consumed more calories and fat (g/day and % energy), with significantly more saturates mainly from dairy foods and less polyunsaturates including linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (% fat) than reference children, n = 71. A subset of children with CF, not differing in dietary intake from the larger group, had significantly lower LA and DHA, but higher EPA in plasma PC and had higher LA and lower ARA and DHA in plasma PE, compared to a subset of reference children. In both groups, LA intake and LA in plasma PC and PE were not associated. EPA and DHA intakes were positively associated with EPA and DHA, respectively, in plasma PC, but not PE, in reference children only. CONCLUSIONS The fatty acid composition of plasma PC and PE is altered in CF. Fatty acid differences between children with and without CF are inconsistent between PC and PE and are not explained by dietary fat.
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Drzymała-Czyż S, Krzyżanowska P, Koletzko B, Nowak J, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Moczko JA, Lisowska A, Walkowiak J. Determinants of Serum Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acids in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010185. [PMID: 28106773 PMCID: PMC5297817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of altered blood fatty acid (FA) composition in cystic fibrosis (CF) is understood only partially. We aimed to investigate the determinants of serum glycerophospholipids’ FAs in CF with regard to the highest number of FAs and in the largest cohort to date. The study comprised 172 CF patients and 30 healthy subjects (HS). We assessed Fas’ profile (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype, spirometry, fecal elastase-1, body height and weight Z-scores, liver disease, diabetes and colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The amounts of saturated FAs (C14:0, C16:0) and monounsaturated FAs (C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C20:1n-9, C20:3n-9) were significantly higher in CF patients than in HS. C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and C22:4n-6 levels were also higher in CF, but C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6 and C20:4n-6, as well as C22:6n-3, were lower. In a multiple regression analysis, levels of seven FAs were predicted by various sets of factors that included age, genotype, forced expiratory volume in one second, pancreatic status and diabetes. FA composition abnormalities are highly prevalent in CF patients. They seem to be caused by both metabolic disturbances and independent clinical risk factors. Further research into the influence of CFTR mutations on fat metabolism and desaturases’ activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstr. 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jerzy A Moczko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 79, 60-529 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
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Castellani C, Assael BM. Cystic fibrosis: a clinical view. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:129-140. [PMID: 27709245 PMCID: PMC11107741 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene on chromosome 7, is complex and greatly variable in clinical expression. Airways, pancreas, male genital system, intestine, liver, bone, and kidney are involved. The lack of CFTR or its impaired function causes fat malabsorption and chronic pulmonary infections leading to bronchiectasis and progressive lung damage. Previously considered lethal in infancy and childhood, CF has now attained median survivals of 50 years of age, mainly thanks to the early diagnosis through neonatal screening, recognition of mild forms, and an aggressive therapeutic attitude. Classical treatment includes pancreatic enzyme replacement, respiratory physiotherapy, mucolitics, and aggressive antibiotic therapy. A significant proportion of patients with severe symptoms still requires lung or, less frequently, liver transplantation. The great number of mutations and their diverse effects on the CFTR protein account only partially for CF clinical variability, and modifier genes have a role in modulating the clinical expression of the disease. Despite the increasing understanding of CFTR functioning, several aspects of CF need still to be clarified, e.g., the worse outcome in females, the risk of malignancies, the pathophysiology, and best treatment of comorbidities, such as CF-related diabetes or CF-related bone disorder. Research is focusing on new drugs restoring CFTR function, some already available and with good clinical impact, others showing promising preliminary results that need to be confirmed in phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Castellani
- Verona Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
| | - Baroukh M Assael
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Via Francesco Sforza, 20100, Milano, Italy
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Effect of Oral Lipid Matrix Supplement on Fat Absorption in Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:676-680. [PMID: 27050056 PMCID: PMC5045744 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic enzyme therapy does not normalize dietary fat absorption in patients with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency. Efficacy of LYM-X-SORB (LXS), an easily absorbable lipid matrix that enhances fat absorption, was evaluated in a 12-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with plasma fatty acids (FA) and coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) outcomes. A total of 110 subjects (age 10.4 ± 3.0 years) were randomized. Total FA increased with LXS at 3 and 12 months (+1.58, +1.14 mmol/L) and not with placebo (P = 0.046). With LXS, linoleic acid (LA) increased at 3 and 12 months (+298, +175 nmol/mL, P ≤ 0.046), with a 6% increase in CFA (P < 0.01). LA increase was significant in LXS versus placebo (445 vs 42 nmol/mL, P = 0.038). Increased FA and LA predicted increased body mass index Z scores. In summary, the LXS treatment improved dietary fat absorption compared with placebo as indicated by plasma FA and LA and was associated with better growth status.
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Hanssens L, Thiébaut I, Lefèvre N, Malfroot A, Knoop C, Duchateau J, Casimir G. The clinical benefits of long-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids in cystic fibrosis patients - A pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 108:45-50. [PMID: 27154364 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation in cystic fibrosis (CF) remains controversial. This study sought to evaluate clinical status, exercise tolerance, inflammatory parameters, and erythrocyte fatty acid profile after 1 year of oral omega-3 supplementation in CF patients. Fifteen ΔF508-homozygous patients undergoing chronic azithromycin were randomized to receive omega-3 fish oil supplementation at a dose of 60mg/Kg/day or placebo. In comparison with the previous year, in the supplemented group, the number of pulmonary exacerbations decreased at 12 months (1.7 vs. 3.0, p<0.01), as did the duration of antibiotic therapy (26.5 days vs. 60.0 days, p<0.025). Supplementation significantly increased the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as early as <3 months of administration, with concomitant decreases in arachidonic acid (AA) levels. This pilot study suggests that long-term omega-3 supplementation offers several clinical benefits as to the number of exacerbations and duration of antibiotic therapy in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hanssens
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - I Thiébaut
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Lefèvre
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Malfroot
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Knoop
- Hôpital Universitaire Erasme - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Duchateau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann et laboratoire de pédiatrie de l'Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Casimir
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Mil-Homens D, Ferreira-Dias S, Fialho AM. Fish oils against Burkholderia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in vitro efficacy and their therapeutic and prophylactic effects on infected Galleria mellonella larvae. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1509-19. [PMID: 27012860 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the antimicrobial effects of fish oil-based formulas rich in omega-3 fatty acids (free fatty acids, ethyl esters or triacylglycerols), against cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens (Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1), often resistant to multiple antibiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS The fish oils have shown antibacterial efficacy, although activity was highest for the one containing the fatty acid EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in their free form (MIC value is 1·87% v/v for both pathogens). To test whether the fish oils could have a therapeutic and prophylactic potential in vivo, we assessed its efficacy using a Galleria mellonella caterpillar model of infection. The treatment of infected larvae with a single dose (7 h post infection) enhances the survival of larvae, being more pronounced with the free fatty acid form (EPAX 6000 FA). Moreover, we observed that the prophylactic food provision of the fish oil EPAX 6000 FA during 12 days prior to bacterial infection extended the life of the infected larvae. CONCLUSION The fish oils, particularly in the free fatty acid form, are active in killing Burkholderia and Ps. aeruginosa. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The possibility of using fish oils for the treatment of bacterial infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mil-Homens
- iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S Ferreira-Dias
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A M Fialho
- iBB-Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Jacquot J, Delion M, Gangloff S, Braux J, Velard F. Bone disease in cystic fibrosis: new pathogenic insights opening novel therapies. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1401-1412. [PMID: 26431978 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutations within the gene encoding for the chloride ion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) results in cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common lethal autosomal recessive genetic disease that causes a number of long-term health problems, as the bone disease. Osteoporosis and increased vertebral fracture risk associated with CF disease are becoming more important as the life expectancy of patients continues to improve. The etiology of low bone density is multifactorial, most probably a combination of inadequate peak bone mass during puberty and increased bone losses in adults. Body mass index, male sex, advanced pulmonary disease, malnutrition and chronic therapies are established additional risk factors for CF-related bone disease (CFBD). Consistently, recent evidence has confirmed that CFTR plays a major role in the osteoprotegerin (OPG) and COX-2 metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, two key regulators in the bone formation and regeneration. Several others mechanisms were also recognized from animal and cell models contributing to malfunctions of osteoblast (cell that form bone) and indirectly of bone-resorpting osteoclasts. Understanding such mechanisms is crucial for the development of therapies in CFBD. Innovative therapeutic approaches using CFTR modulators such as C18 have recently shown in vitro capacity to enhance PGE2 production and normalized the RANKL-to-OPG ratio in human osteoblasts bearing the mutation F508del-CFTR and therefore potential clinical utility in CFBD. This review focuses on the recently identified pathogenic mechanisms leading to CFBD and potential future therapies for treating CFBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacquot
- EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, 1, Avenue du Maréchal Juin, 51095, Reims, France.
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Turck D, Braegger CP, Colombo C, Declercq D, Morton A, Pancheva R, Robberecht E, Stern M, Strandvik B, Wolfe S, Schneider SM, Wilschanski M. ESPEN-ESPGHAN-ECFS guidelines on nutrition care for infants, children, and adults with cystic fibrosis. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:557-77. [PMID: 27068495 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is both a frequent feature and a comorbidity of cystic fibrosis (CF), with nutritional status strongly associated with pulmonary function and survival. Nutritional management is therefore standard of care in CF patients. ESPEN, ESPGHAN and ECFS recommended guidelines to cover nutritional management of patients with CF. METHODS The guidelines were developed by an international multidisciplinary working group in accordance with officially accepted standards. The GRADE system was used for determining grades of evidence and strength of recommendation. Statements were discussed, submitted to Delphi rounds, reviewed by ESPGHAN and ECFS and accepted in an online survey among ESPEN members. RESULTS The Working Group recommends that initiation of nutritional management should begin as early as possible after diagnosis, with subsequent regular follow up and patient/family education. Exclusive breast feeding is recommended but if not possible a regular formula is to be used. Energy intake should be adapted to achieve normal weight and height for age. When indicated, pancreatic enzyme and fat soluble vitamin treatment should be introduced early and monitored regularly. Pancreatic sufficient patients should have an annual assessment including fecal pancreatic elastase measurement. Sodium supplementation is recommended and a urinary sodium:creatinine ratio should be measured, corresponding to the fractional excretion of sodium. If iron deficiency is suspected, the underlying inflammation should be addressed. Glucose tolerance testing should be introduced at 10 years of age. Bone mineral density examination should be performed from age 8-10 years. Oral nutritional supplements followed by polymeric enteral tube feeding are recommended when growth or nutritional status is impaired. Zinc supplementation may be considered according to the clinical situation. Further studies are required before essential fatty acids, anti-osteoporotic agents, growth hormone, appetite stimulants and probiotics can be recommended. CONCLUSION Nutritional care and support should be an integral part of management of CF. Obtaining a normal growth pattern in children and maintaining an adequate nutritional status in adults are major goals of multidisciplinary cystic fibrosis centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Turck
- Univ. Lille, Inserm U995, LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christian P Braegger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, 10 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carla Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Dimitri Declercq
- Department of Pediatrics, CF Centre, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Alison Morton
- Regional Adult CF Unit, St. James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Ruzha Pancheva
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov Medical University of Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Str., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria.
| | - Eddy Robberecht
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University Ghent, CF Centre Ghent, Princess Elisabeth Pediatric Hospital, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Martin Stern
- University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, 14183 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sue Wolfe
- Regional Pediatric CF Unit, The Leeds Children's Hospital, Belmont Grove, Leeds, LS2 9NS, UK.
| | - Stephane M Schneider
- Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Archet University Hospital and University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France.
| | - Michael Wilschanski
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 24035 Jerusalem, 91240, Israel.
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Kleme ML, Sané AT, Garofalo C, Levy E. Targeted CFTR gene disruption with zinc-finger nucleases in human intestinal epithelial cells induces oxidative stress and inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 74:84-94. [PMID: 26923293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystemic pathology caused by mutations of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. OBJECTIVES As the intestine harbors the greatest number of CFTR transcripts after birth and since CFTR plays a role in glutathione transport, we hypothesized that CFTR deletion might produce oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation in CF intestinal epithelial cell. METHODS CFTR gene was abrogated in Caco-2/15 enterocytes through the zinc-finger nuclease system. Their oxidative and inflammatory characteristics were appreciated under basal conditions and after the treatment with the pro-oxidant iron-ascorbate (Fe/Asc) complex and pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Intestinal epithelial cells with CFTR knockout spontaneously exhibited an increased lipid peroxidation level, reflected by malondialdehyde overproduction and reduced antioxidant defense characterized by low enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. CFTR silencing also resulted in elevated protein expression of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis Factor-α, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Moreover, exaggerated OxS and inflammation processes occurred in CFTR(-/-) cells in response to the addition of Fe/Asc and LPS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal Caco-2/15 cells with CFTR deletion, display innate oxidative and inflammatory features while being more sensitive to pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory stimuli. These two pathophysiological processes could be implicated in CF-related intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Kleme
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C4, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alain Théophile Sané
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C4, Canada
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C4, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disorder in the Caucasian people. It is due to the mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene located on the long arm of the chromosome 7, which encodes for CFTR protein. The latter, an adenosine triphosphate binding cassette, is a transmembrane chloride channel that is also involved in glutathione transport. As glutathione/glutathione disulfide constitutes the most important pool of cellular redox systems, CFTR defects could thus disrupt the intracellular redox balance. Resulting multisystemic diseases are essentially characterized by a chronic respiratory failure, a pancreatic insufficiency, an essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), and inadequate levels of antioxidant vitamins. RECENT ADVANCES The pathophysiology of CF is complex; however, several mechanisms are proposed, including oxidative stress (OxS) whose implication is recognized and has been clearly demonstrated in CF airways. CRITICAL ISSUES Little is known about OxS intrinsic triggers and its own involvement in intestinal lipid disorders. Despite the regular administration of pancreatic supplements, high-fat high-calorie diets, and antioxidant fat-soluble vitamins, there is a persistence of steatorrhea, EFAD, and harmful OxS. Intriguingly, several trials with elevated doses of antioxidant vitamins have not yielded significant improvements. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The main sources and self-maintenance of OxS in CF should be clarified to improve treatment of patients. Therefore, this review will discuss the potential sources and study the mechanisms of OxS in the intestine, known to develop various complications, and its involvement in intestinal lipid disorders in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Kleme
- 1 Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation reverses cystic fibrosis-related fatty acid abnormalities in CFTR−/− mice by suppressing fatty acid desaturases. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Reverri EJ, Morrissey BM, Cross CE, Steinberg FM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:261-77. [PMID: 25172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents one of a number of localized lung and non-lung diseases with an intense chronic inflammatory component associated with evidence of systemic oxidative stress. Many of these chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by an array of atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), another condition strongly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. As a consequence of a dramatic increase in long-lived patients with CF in recent decades, the specter of CVD must be considered in these patients who are now reaching middle age and beyond. Buttressed by recent data documenting that CF patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction, a recognized precursor of atherosclerosis and CVD, the spectrum of risk factors for CVD in CF is reviewed here. Epidemiological data further characterizing the presence and extent of atherogenic processes in CF patients would seem important to obtain. Such studies should further inform and offer mechanistic insights into how other chronic inflammatory diseases potentiate the processes leading to CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian M Morrissey
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Seegmiller AC. Abnormal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis: biochemical mechanisms and clinical implications. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16083-99. [PMID: 25216340 PMCID: PMC4200767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited multi-organ disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Patients with this disease exhibit characteristic abnormalities in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids in blood and tissue. Recent studies have uncovered an underlying biochemical mechanism for some of these changes, namely increased expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases. Among other effects, this drives metabolism of linoeate to arachidonate. Increased desaturase expression appears to be linked to cystic fibrosis mutations via stimulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the absence of functional CFTR protein. There is evidence that these abnormalities may contribute to disease pathophysiology by increasing production of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, of which arachidonate is a key substrate. Understanding these underlying mechanisms provides key insights that could potentially impact the diagnosis, clinical monitoring, nutrition, and therapy of patients suffering from this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Seegmiller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 4918B TVC, 1301 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37027, USA.
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Umunakwe OC, Seegmiller AC. Abnormal n-6 fatty acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis is caused by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1489-97. [PMID: 24859760 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m050369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and model systems exhibit consistent abnormalities in PUFA metabolism, including increased metabolism of linoleate to arachidonate. Recent studies have connected these abnormalities to increased expression and activity of the Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase enzymes. However, the mechanism connecting these changes to the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations responsible for CF is unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), previously described in CF bronchial epithelial cells, causes these changes in fatty acid metabolism by driving desaturase expression. Using CF bronchial epithelial cell culture models, we confirm elevated activity of AMPK in CF cells and show that it is due to increased phosphorylation of AMPK by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ). We also show that inhibition of AMPK or CaMKKβ reduces desaturase expression and reverses the metabolic alterations seen in CF cells. These results signify a novel AMPK-dependent mechanism linking the genetic defect in CF to alterations in PUFA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obi C Umunakwe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Adam C Seegmiller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Joseloff E, Sha W, Bell SC, Wetmore DR, Lawton KA, Milburn MV, Ryals JA, Guo L, Muhlebach MS. Serum metabolomics indicate altered cellular energy metabolism in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:463-72. [PMID: 23847148 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system disease affecting multiple organs and cells besides the respiratory system. Metabolomic profiling allows simultaneous detection of biochemicals originating from cells, organs, or exogenous origin that may be valuable for monitoring of disease severity or in diagnosis. AIM We hypothesized that metabolomics using serum from children would differentiate CF from non-CF lung disease subjects and would provide insight into metabolism in CF. METHODS Serum collected from children with CF (n = 31) and 31 age and gender matched children with other lung diseases was used for metabolomic profiling by gas- and liquid-chromatography. Relative concentration of metabolites was compared between the groups using partial least square discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) and linear modeling. RESULTS A clear separation of the two groups was seen in PLS-DA. Linear model found that among the 459 detected metabolites 92 differed between CF and non-CF. These included known biochemicals in lipid metabolism, oxidants, and markers consistent with abnormalities in bile acid processing. Bacterial metabolites were identified and differed between the groups indicating intestinal dysbiosis in CF. As a novel finding several pathways were markedly different in CF, which jointly point towards decreased activity in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. These pathways include low ketone bodies, low medium chain carnitines, elevated di-carboxylic acids and decreased 2-hydroxybutyrate from amino acid metabolism in CF compared to non-CF. CONCLUSION Serum metabolomics discriminated CF from non-CF and show altered cellular energy metabolism in CF potentially reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies are indicated to examine their relation to the underlying CF defect and their use as biomarkers for disease severity or for cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) function in an era of CFTR modifying drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Joseloff
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics (CFFT), Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
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Shi AJ, Morrissey BM, Durbin-Johnson B, Pilli S, Zawadzki RJ, Cross CE, Park SS. Macular pigment and macular volume in eyes of patients with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:740-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.904043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Payet LA, Kadri L, Giraud S, Norez C, Berjeaud JM, Jayle C, Mirval S, Becq F, Vandebrouck C, Ferreira T. Cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells are lipointoxicated by membrane palmitate accumulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89044. [PMID: 24586495 PMCID: PMC3929646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The F508del-CFTR mutation, responsible for Cystic Fibrosis (CF), leads to the retention of the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The mistrafficking of this mutant form can be corrected by pharmacological chaperones, but these molecules showed limitations in clinical trials. We therefore hypothesized that important factors in CF patients may have not been considered in the in vitro assays. CF has also been associated with an altered lipid homeostasis, i. e. a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in plasma and tissues. However, the precise fatty acyl content of membrane phospholipids from human CF bronchial epithelial cells had not been studied to date. Since the saturation level of phospholipids can modulate crucial membrane properties, with potential impacts on membrane protein folding/trafficking, we analyzed this parameter for freshly isolated bronchial epithelial cells from CF patients. Interestingly, we could show that Palmitate, a saturated fatty acid, accumulates within Phosphatidylcholine (PC) in CF freshly isolated cells, in a process that could result from hypoxia. The observed PC pattern can be recapitulated in the CFBE41o(-) cell line by incubation with 100 µM Palmitate. At this concentration, Palmitate induces an ER stress, impacts calcium homeostasis and leads to a decrease in the activity of the corrected F508del-CFTR. Overall, these data suggest that bronchial epithelial cells are lipointoxicated by hypoxia-related Palmitate accumulation in CF patients. We propose that this phenomenon could be an important bottleneck for F508del-CFTR trafficking correction by pharmacological agents in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie-Anne Payet
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, ERL CNRS 7368, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Linette Kadri
- Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- Service de Biochimie, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Inserm U1082, Poitiers, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Caroline Norez
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, ERL CNRS 7368, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean Marc Berjeaud
- Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Jayle
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiothoracique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sandra Mirval
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, ERL CNRS 7368, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, ERL CNRS 7368, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Clarisse Vandebrouck
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, ERL CNRS 7368, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Ferreira
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, ERL CNRS 7368, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
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