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Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Changes in cardiovascular arachidonic acid metabolism in experimental models of menopause and implications on postmenopausal cardiac hypertrophy. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106851. [PMID: 38740361 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Menopause is a normal stage in the human female aging process characterized by the cessation of menstruation and the ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone hormones. Menopause is associated with an increased risk of several different diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are generally less common in females than in age-matched males. However, this female advantage is lost after menopause. Cardiac hypertrophy is a disease characterized by increased cardiac size that develops as a response to chronic overload or stress. Similar to other cardiovascular diseases, the risk of cardiac hypertrophy significantly increases after menopause. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Several studies have shown that surgical or chemical induction of menopause in experimental animals is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, or aggravates cardiac hypertrophy induced by other stressors. Arachidonic acid (AA) released from the myocardial phospholipids is metabolized by cardiac cytochrome P450 (CYP), cyclooxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to produce several eicosanoids. AA-metabolizing enzymes and their respective metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Menopause is associated with changes in the cardiovascular levels of CYP, COX, and LOX enzymes and the levels of their metabolites. It is possible that these changes might play a role in the increased risk of cardiac hypertrophy after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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2
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Hoshi RA, Alotaibi M, Liu Y, Watrous JD, Ridker PM, Glynn RJ, Serhan CN, Luttmann-Gibson H, Moorthy MV, Jain M, Demler OV, Mora S. One-Year Effects of High-Intensity Statin on Bioactive Lipids: Findings From the JUPITER Trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e196-e206. [PMID: 38841856 PMCID: PMC11209760 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin effects extend beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction, potentially modulating the metabolism of bioactive lipids (BALs), crucial for biological signaling and inflammation. These bioactive metabolites may serve as metabolic footprints, helping uncover underlying processes linked to pleiotropic effects of statins and yielding a better understanding of their cardioprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of high-intensity statin therapy versus placebo on plasma BALs in the JUPITER trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin; NCT00239681), a randomized primary prevention trial involving individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L. METHODS Using a nontargeted mass spectrometry approach, over 11 000 lipid features were assayed from baseline and 1-year plasma samples from cardiovascular disease noncases from 2 nonoverlapping nested substudies: JUPITERdiscovery (n=589) and JUPITERvalidation (n=409). The effect of randomized allocation of rosuvastatin 20 mg versus placebo on BALs was examined by fitting a linear regression with delta values (∆=year 1-baseline) adjusted for age and baseline levels of each feature. Significant associations in discovery were analyzed in the validation cohort. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using 2-stage overall false discovery rate. RESULTS We identified 610 lipid features associated with statin randomization with significant replication (overall false discovery rate, <0.05), including 26 with annotations. Statin therapy significantly increased levels of 276 features, including BALs with anti-inflammatory activity and arterial vasodilation properties. Concurrently, 334 features were significantly lowered by statin therapy, including arachidonic acid and proinflammatory and proplatelet aggregation BALs. By contrast, statin therapy reduced an eicosapentaenoic acid-derived hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid metabolite, which may be related to impaired glucose metabolism. Additionally, we observed sex-related differences in 6 lipid metabolites and 6 unknown features. CONCLUSIONS Statin allocation was significantly associated with upregulation of BALs with anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation and antioxidant properties and downregulation of BALs with proinflammatory and proplatelet aggregation activity, supporting the pleiotropic effects of statins beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Akemi Hoshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeramie D. Watrous
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert J. Glynn
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heike Luttmann-Gibson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M. Vinayaga Moorthy
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olga V. Demler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhou QQ, Wu YP, Liu P, Deng WZ, Lu YH, Gong HB, Lin XM, Sun WY, Wang R, Huang F, Cao YF, Li YF, Kurihara H, Ouyang SH, Liang L, He RR. Regulation of hepatocyte phospholipid peroxidation signaling by a Chinese patent medicine against psychological stress-induced liver injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155613. [PMID: 38703659 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is associated with various diseases including liver dysfunction, yet effective intervention strategies remain lacking due to the unrevealed pathogenesis mechanism. PURPOSE This study aims to explore the relevance between BMAL1-controlled circadian rhythms and lipoxygenase 15 (ALOX15)-mediated phospholipids peroxidation in psychological stress-induced liver injury, and to investigate whether hepatocyte phospholipid peroxidation signaling is involved in the hepatoprotective effects of a Chinese patent medicine, Pien Tze Huang (PZH). METHODS Restraint stress models were established to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of psychological stress-induced liver injury and the hepatoprotective effects of PZH. Redox lipidomics based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied for lipid profiling. RESULTS The present study discovered that acute restraint stress could induce liver injury. Notably, lipidomic analysis confirmed that phospholipid peroxidation was accumulated in the livers of stressed mice. Additionally, the essential core circadian clock gene Brain and Muscle Arnt-like Protein-1 (Bmal1) was altered in stressed mice. Circadian disruption in mice, as well as BMAL1-overexpression in human HepaRG cells, also appeared to have a significant increase in phospholipid peroxidation, suggesting that stress-induced liver injury is closely related to circadian rhythm and phospholipid peroxidation. Subsequently, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), a critical enzyme that contributed to phospholipid peroxidation, was screened as a potential regulatory target of BMAL1. Mechanistically, BMAL1 promoted ALOX15 expression via direct binding to an E-box-like motif in the promoter. Finally, this study revealed that PZH treatment significantly relieved pathological symptoms of psychological stress-induced liver injury with a potential mechanism of alleviating ALOX15-mediated phospholipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate the critical role of BMAL1-triggered phospholipid peroxidation in psychological stress-induced liver injury and provide new insight into treating psychological stress-associated liver diseases by TCM intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Hui Lu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Biao Gong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Min Lin
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wan-Yang Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu-Hua Ouyang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lei Liang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
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Stojkovic L, Jovanovic I, Dincic E, Djordjevic A, Kuveljic J, Djuric T, Stankovic A, Vojinovic S, Zivkovic M. Targeted RNAseq Revealed the Gene Expression Signature of Ferroptosis-Related Processes Associated with Disease Severity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3016. [PMID: 38474262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Detrimental molecular processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) lead to the cellular accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and iron in the CNS, which represents the main driving force for ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, with proposed roles in neurodegeneration, oligodendrocyte loss and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of MS. Ferroptosis-related gene expression signature and molecular markers, which could reflect MS severity and progression, are currently understudied in humans. To tackle these challenges, we have applied a curated approach to create and experimentally analyze a comprehensive panel of ferroptosis-related genes covering a wide range of biological processes associated with ferroptosis. We performed the first ferroptosis-related targeted RNAseq on PBMCs from highly distinctive MS phenotype groups: mild relapsing-remitting (RR) (n = 24) and severe secondary progressive (SP) (n = 24), along with protein detection of GPX4 and products of lipid peroxidation (MDA and 4-HNE). Out of 138 genes, 26 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs), indicating changes in both pro- and anti-ferroptotic genes, representing a molecular signature associated with MS severity. The top three DEGs, as non-core ferroptosis genes, CDKN1A, MAP1B and EGLN2, were replicated by qPCR to validate findings in independent patient groups (16 RR and 16 SP MS). Co-expression and interactions of DEGs were presented as additional valuable assets for deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms and key targets related to MS severity. Our study integrates a wide genetic signature and biochemical markers related to ferroptosis in easily obtainable PBMCs of MS patients with clinical data and disease severity, thus providing novel molecular markers which can complement disease-related changes in the brain and undergo further research as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Stojkovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evica Dincic
- Clinic for Neurology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Defense in Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kuveljic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Djuric
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stankovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Vojinovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Rajiv C, Sanjita Devi H, Devi AK, Tamreihao K, Kshetri P, Tania C, Singh TS, Sonia C, Singh MN, Sen A, Sharma SK, Roy SS. Pharmacological potential of Jussiaea repens L. against CuSO 4 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide O55:B5 induced inflammation using in-vivo zebrafish models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116932. [PMID: 37473823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Northeastern state of India is known for its remarkable biodiversity and untapped medicinal resources. Jussiaea repens L., commonly known as water primrose, is a plant found in this region that has been traditionally used by indigenous communities for various purposes. It has been employed to treat skin ulcerations, bone fractures, rheumatism, stomach pain, and intestinal worms. Despite its long-standing ethnopharmacological usage, there is limited scientific research on the bioactivity of Jussiaea repens L. However, preliminary studies have shown its potential antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Further exploration of its medicinal properties, particularly its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, is warranted. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Jussiaea repens L., a plant species found in the biodiverse Northeastern region of India. The plant has been traditionally used by indigenous communities for various ailments. By utilizing zebrafish as an animal model and evaluating its effects in different inflammation models, the study aimed to uncover the plant's potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The research contributes to the scientific understanding of this traditional remedy and its potential therapeutic applications. METHODS Jussiaea repens L. extract was obtained from the stem and leaves using methanol as the solvent. Zebrafish embryos were used for in vivo assays. The anti-inflammatory study included two models: CuSO4-induced inflammation and tail wounding followed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in CuSO4-induced inflammation. Leukocyte migration at the injury site was observed in the tail wounding model. The extract's inhibition of the 15-LOX enzyme was assessed. All procedures followed established protocols and ethical guidelines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Jussiaea repens L. extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in two in vivo zebrafish models: CuSO4-induced inflammation and tail wounding combined with bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The extract reduced mortality rates and showed antioxidant effects by increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the CuSO4 model. In the tail wounding model, the extract reduced leukocyte migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the extract demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of the 15-LOX enzyme in the in vitro assay. These results suggest that Jussiaea repens L. extract possesses anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits the 15-LOX enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongtham Rajiv
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | | | - Asem Kajal Devi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - K Tamreihao
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; St. Joseph College, Ukhrul, 795142, Manipur, India
| | - Pintubala Kshetri
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; Yairipok Universal College, Yairipok, 795138, Manipur, India
| | - Chongtham Tania
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Thangjam Surchandra Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; TS Paul Women's College, Mongsangei, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Chongtham Sonia
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | | | - Arnab Sen
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Sharma
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Subhra Saikat Roy
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India.
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6
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Zamora A, Nougué M, Verdu L, Balzan E, Draia-Nicolau T, Benuzzi E, Pujol F, Baillif V, Lacazette E, Morfoisse F, Galitzky J, Bouloumié A, Dubourdeau M, Chaput B, Fazilleau N, Malloizel-Delaunay J, Bura-Rivière A, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B. 15-Lipoxygenase promotes resolution of inflammation in lymphedema by controlling T reg cell function through IFN-β. Nat Commun 2024; 15:221. [PMID: 38177096 PMCID: PMC10766617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema (LD) is characterized by the accumulation of interstitial fluid, lipids and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the limb. Here, we find that LD tissues from women who developed LD after breast cancer exhibit an inflamed gene expression profile. Lipidomic analysis reveals decrease in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) generated by the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in LD. In mice, the loss of SPM is associated with an increase in apoptotic regulatory T (Treg) cell number. In addition, the selective depletion of 15-LO in the lymphatic endothelium induces an aggravation of LD that can be rescued by Treg cell adoptive transfer or ALOX15-expressing lentivector injections. Mechanistically, exogenous injections of the pro-resolving cytokine IFN-β restores both 15-LO expression and Treg cell number in a mouse model of LD. These results provide evidence that lymphatic 15-LO may represent a therapeutic target for LD by serving as a mediator of Treg cell populations to resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamora
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - M Nougué
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - L Verdu
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - E Balzan
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - T Draia-Nicolau
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - E Benuzzi
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - F Pujol
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - E Lacazette
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - F Morfoisse
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - J Galitzky
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - A Bouloumié
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - B Chaput
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique et des Brûlés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Fazilleau
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse, 31024, Toulouse, France
| | - J Malloizel-Delaunay
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Bura-Rivière
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A C Prats
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - B Garmy-Susini
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Dutta P, Saha D, Earle M, Prasad CP, Singh M, Darswal M, Aggarwal V, Naik N, Yadav R, Shankar A, Chakraborty A. Unveiling HPV's hidden link: Cardiovascular diseases and the viral intrigue. Indian Heart J 2024; 76:1-5. [PMID: 38387552 PMCID: PMC10943540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major global health challenge, with an escalating impact on mortality despite advancements in managing conventional risk factors. This review investigates the intricate relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and CVD, shedding light on a novel aspect of cardiovascular health. Despite significant progress in understanding and managing traditional CVD risk factors, a substantial proportion of CVD cases lack these conventional markers. Recent research has unveiled HPV, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection, as a potential unconventional risk factor for CVD. This review delves into the underlying mechanisms linking HPV to CVD pathogenesis. HPV's influence on vascular endothelium and induction of systemic inflammation are key contributors. Additionally, HPV disrupts host lipid metabolism, further exacerbating the development of atherosclerosis. The link between HPV and CAD is not merely correlative; it encompasses a complex interplay of virological, immunological, and metabolic factors. Understanding the connection between HPV and CVD holds transformative potential. Insights from this review not only underscore the significance of considering HPV as a crucial risk factor but also advocate for targeted HPV screening and vaccination strategies to mitigate CVD risks. This multidisciplinary exploration bridges the gap between infectious diseases and cardiovascular health, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to combating the global burden of cardiovascular disease. Further research and clinical guidelines in this realm are essential to harness the full scope of preventive and therapeutic interventions, ultimately shaping a healthier cardiovascular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwaipayan Saha
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrudul Earle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Mrinalini Darswal
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vipul Aggarwal
- Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi, India
| | - Nitish Naik
- Department of Cardiology, Cardio Neuro Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, Cardio Neuro Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Ermis E, Nargis T, Webster K, Tersey SA, Anderson RM, Mirmira RG. Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 governs macrophage migration during tissue inflammation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105561. [PMID: 38097183 PMCID: PMC10790086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the underlying cause of many diseases, including type 1 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Macrophages are continuously recruited to tissues during chronic inflammation where they exacerbate or resolve the pro-inflammatory environment. Although leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) has been characterized as a low affinity receptor to several key eicosanoids and chemoattractants, its precise roles in the setting of inflammation and macrophage function remain incompletely understood. Here we used zebrafish and mouse models to probe the role of BLT2 in macrophage function during inflammation. We detected BLT2 expression in bone marrow derived and peritoneal macrophages of mouse models. Transcriptomic analysis of Ltb4r2-/- and WT macrophages suggested a role for BLT2 in macrophage migration, and studies in vitro confirmed that whereas BLT2 does not mediate macrophage polarization, it is required for chemotactic function, possibly mediated by downstream genes Ccl5 and Lgals3. Using a zebrafish model of tailfin injury, we demonstrated that antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown of blt2a or chemical inhibition of BLT2 signaling impairs macrophage migration. We further replicated these findings in zebrafish models of islet injury and liver inflammation. Moreover, we established the applicability of our zebrafish findings to mammals by showing that macrophages of Ltb4r2-/- mice have defective migration during lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate that BLT2 mediates macrophage migration during inflammation, which implicates it as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ermis
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Titli Nargis
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kierstin Webster
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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9
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Mohamed R, Sullivan JC. Sustained activation of 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15 LOX) contributes to impaired renal recovery post ischemic injury in male SHR compared to females. Mol Med 2023; 29:163. [PMID: 38049738 PMCID: PMC10696802 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a serious and frequent complication in clinical settings, and mortality rates remain high. There are well established sex differences in renal IR, with males exhibiting greater injury following an ischemic insult compared to females. We recently reported that males have impaired renal recovery from ischemic injury vs. females. However, the mechanisms mediating sex differences in renal recovery from IR injury remain poorly understood. Elevated 12/15 lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been reported to contribute to the progression of numerous kidney diseases. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that enhanced activation of 12/15 LOX contributes to impaired recovery post-IR in males vs. females. METHODS 13-week-old male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomized to sham or 30-minute warm bilateral IR surgery. Additional male and female SHR were randomized to treatment with vehicle or the specific 12/15 LOX inhibitor ML355 1 h prior to sham/IR surgery, and every other day following up to 7-days post-IR. Blood was collected from all rats 1-and 7-days post-IR. Kidneys were harvested 7-days post-IR and processed for biochemical, histological, and Western blot analysis. 12/15 LOX metabolites 12 and 15 HETE were measured in kidney samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS Male SHR exhibited delayed recovery of renal function post-IR vs. male sham and female IR rats. Delayed recovery in males was associated with activation of renal 12/15 LOX, increased renal 12-HETE, enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lipid peroxidation, renal cell death and inflammation compared to females 7-days post-IR. Treatment of male SHR with ML355 lowered levels of 12-HETE and resulted in reduced renal lipid peroxidation, ER stress, tubular cell death and inflammation 7-days post-IR with enhanced recovery of renal function compared to vehicle-treated IR male rats. ML355 treatment did not alter IR-induced increases in plasma creatinine in females, however, tubular injury and cell death were attenuated in ML355 treated females compared to vehicle-treated rats 7 days post-IR. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that sustained activation 12/15 LOX contributes to impaired renal recovery post ischemic injury in male and female SHR, although males are more susceptible on this mechanism than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, United States.
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, United States
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10
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He K, Zhou X, Du H, Zhao J, Deng R, Wang J. A review on the relationship between Arachidonic acid 15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) and diabetes mellitus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16239. [PMID: 37849828 PMCID: PMC10578307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), as one of the lipoxygenase family, is mainly responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of various fatty acids to produce a variety of lipid components, contributing to the pathophysiological processes of various immune and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that ALOX15 and its related products are widely distributed in human tissues and related to multiple diseases such as liver, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and other diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the disease studied in this article, is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic increase in blood glucose levels, which is significantly related to inflammation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis and other mechanisms, and it has a high incidence in the population, accompanied by a variety of complications. Figuring out how ALOX15 is involved in DM is critical to understanding its role in diseases. Therefore, ALOX15 inhibitors or combination therapy containing inhibitors may deliver a novel research direction for the treatment of DM and its complications. This article aims to review the biological effect and the possible function of ALOX15 in the pathogenesis of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying He
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxuan Du
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
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11
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Dwivedi S, Chavan A, Paul AT. SET7, a lysine-specific methyl transferase: An intriguing epigenetic target to combat diabetic nephropathy. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103754. [PMID: 37648018 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a dreadful complication of diabetes that affects ∼50% of diabetics and is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Studies have linked aberrant expression of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) to the onset and progression of DN. SET7 is a KMT that methylates specific lysine residues of the histone and nonhistone proteins. It plays an important role in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes that are responsible for the inflammatory cascade observed in DN. Inhibiting SET7 has potential to attenuate renal disorders in animal studies. This review will focus on the role of SET7 in DN and its potential as a therapeutic target to combat DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Dwivedi
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atharva Chavan
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani Campus), Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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12
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Kianfar S, Salimi V, Jahangirifard A, Mirtajani SB, Vaezi MA, Yavarian J, Mokhtari-Azad T, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase expression profile and their related modulators in COVID-19 infection. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 197:102587. [PMID: 37716021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating immune responses promoted us in this study to analyze the pattern of changes in 15-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase isoforms and their related cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS 15-LOX-1, 15-LOX-2, COX-1 and COX-2 gene expression levels were determined using qRT-PCR in nasopharynx specimens from patients with severe [N = 40] and non-severe [N = 40] confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and healthy controls. Circulating levels of lL-6, lL-10, PGE2, and IFN-γ were measured in patients and healthy controls using ELISA assay. The associations between the measured variables and the patient's clinic-pathological characteristics were assessed for all groups. RESULTS The expression level of 15-LOX-1 was elevated significantly in male patients with severe infection; although female patients showed a different expression profile. 15-LOX-2 expression level was considerably increased in male patients with severe infection; while changes in its expression remained inconclusive in female patients. The relationship between 15-LOX expression and the male gender was prominent. Both COX isoforms expression showed elevation in male and female patients that were correlated with disease severity. The simultaneous increase in lL-6, PGE2 and IFN-γ levels also decrease in lL-10 in patients with severe infection indicating the possible regulatory network related to the COX and 15-LOX enzymes in the output of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION The results of this study determined the pattern of possible changes in key enzymes of prostaglandin and eicosanoids synthesis pathway and their mediators, which can be helpful in mapping the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity and pharmaceutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kianfar
- Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahangirifard
- Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Bashir Mirtajani
- Lung Transplant Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship & Antimicrobial Resistance, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tiwari R, Mishra S, Danaboina G, Pratap Singh Jadaun G, Kalaivani M, Kalaiselvan V, Dhobi M, Raghuvanshi RS. Comprehensive chemo-profiling of coumarins enriched extract derived from Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa fruit pulp, as an anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101708. [PMID: 37564748 PMCID: PMC10410585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is an Indian medicinal plant known for its vast therapeutic activities. In Ayurveda, the plant is known to balance "vata," "pitta," and "kapha" dosh. Recent studies suggest anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetic potential but lack in defining the dosage over the therapeutic activities. This study aims to determine the chemical profile of Aegle marmelos fruit extract; identification, enrichment, and characterization of the principal active component(s) having anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential. Targeted enrichment of total coumarins, focusing on marmelosin, marmesin, aegeline, psoralen, scopoletin, and umbelliferone, was done from Aegle marmelos fruit pulp, and characterized using advanced high-throughput techniques. In vitro and in silico anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed to confirm their efficacy and affinity as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agents. The target compounds were also analysed for toxicity by in silico ADMET study and in vitro MTT assay on THP-1 and A549 cell lines. The coumarins enrichment process designed, was found specific for coumarins isolation as it resulted into 48.61% of total coumarins enrichment, which includes 31.2% marmelosin, 8.9% marmesin, 4% psoralen, 2% scopoletin, 1.7% umbelliferone, and 0.72% aegeline. The quantification with HPTLC and qNMR was found to be correlated with the HPLC assay results. The present study validates the potential use of Aegle marmelos as an anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent. Coumarins enriched from the plant fruit have good therapeutic activity and can be used for Phytopharmaceutical ingredient development. The study is novel, in which coumarins were enriched and characterized by a simple and sophisticated methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Tiwari
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Smita Mishra
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gnanabhaskar Danaboina
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Pratap Singh Jadaun
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - M. Kalaivani
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Rajeev S Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Drugs Controller General of India, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road, New Delhi 110002, India
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14
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Rao A, Gupta A, Kain V, Halade GV. Extrinsic and intrinsic modulators of inflammation-resolution signaling in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H433-H448. [PMID: 37417877 PMCID: PMC10538986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00276.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and uncleared inflammation is the root cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Fundamentally, acute inflammation is supportive when overlapping with safe clearance of inflammation termed resolution; however, if the lifestyle-directed extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, exercise, or physical activity are misaligned, that results in unresolved inflammation. Although genetics play a critical role in cardiovascular health, four extrinsic risk factors-unhealthy processed diet, sleep disruption or fragmentation, sedentary lifestyle, thereby, subsequent stress-have been identified as heterogeneous and polygenic triggers of heart failure (HF), which can result in several complications with indications of chronic inflammation. Extrinsic risk factors directly impact endogenous intrinsic factors, such as using fatty acids by immune-responsive enzymes [lipoxygenases (LOXs)/cyclooxygenases (COXs)/cytochromes-P450 (CYP450)] to form resolution mediators that activate specific resolution receptors. Thus, the balance of extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, and physical activity feed-forward the coordination of intrinsic factors such as fatty acids-enzymes-bioactive lipid receptors that modulates the immune defense, metabolic health, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health. Future research on lifestyle- and aging-associated molecular patterns is warranted in the context of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, immune fitness, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Akul Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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15
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Rao Z, Brunner E, Giszas B, Iyer-Bierhoff A, Gerstmeier J, Börner F, Jordan PM, Pace S, Meyer KPL, Hofstetter RK, Merk D, Paulenz C, Heinzel T, Grunert PC, Stallmach A, Serhan CN, Werner M, Werz O. Glucocorticoids regulate lipid mediator networks by reciprocal modulation of 15-lipoxygenase isoforms affecting inflammation resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302070120. [PMID: 37603745 PMCID: PMC10469032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are potent anti-inflammatory agents, broadly used to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g., critically ill COVID-19 patients or patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. GC not only limit inflammation but also promote its resolution although the underlying mechanisms are obscure. Here, we reveal reciprocal regulation of 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) isoform expression in human monocyte/macrophage lineages by GC with respective consequences for the biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) and their 15-LOX-derived monohydroxylated precursors (mono-15-OH). Dexamethasone robustly up-regulated pre-mRNA, mRNA, and protein levels of ALOX15B/15-LOX-2 in blood monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotypes, causing elevated SPM and mono-15-OH production in inflammatory cell types. In sharp contrast, dexamethasone blocked ALOX15/15-LOX-1 expression and impaired SPM formation in proresolving M2-MDM. These dexamethasone actions were mimicked by prednisolone and hydrocortisone but not by progesterone, and they were counteracted by the GC receptor (GR) antagonist RU486. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed robust GR recruitment to a putative enhancer region within intron 3 of the ALOX15B gene but not to the transcription start site. Knockdown of 15-LOX-2 in M1-MDM abolished GC-induced SPM formation and mono-15-OH production. Finally, ALOX15B/15-LOX-2 upregulation was evident in human monocytes from patients with GC-treated COVID-19 or patients with IBD. Our findings may explain the proresolving GC actions and offer opportunities for optimizing GC pharmacotherapy and proresolving mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Elena Brunner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Giszas
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena07747, Germany
| | - Aishwarya Iyer-Bierhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Friedemann Börner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Paul M. Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Katharina P. L. Meyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Robert K. Hofstetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Philip C. Grunert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena07747, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena07747, Germany
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Markus Werner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, JenaD-07743, Germany
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16
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Ludovico ID, Sarkar S, Elliott E, Virtanen SM, Erlund I, Ramanadham S, Mirmira RG, Metz TO, Nakayasu ES. Fatty acid-mediated signaling as a target for developing type 1 diabetes therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:793-806. [PMID: 37706269 PMCID: PMC10591803 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2259099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic signaling drive the death of the insulin-producing β cells. This complex signaling is regulated in part by fatty acids and their bioproducts, making them excellent therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of the fatty acid actions on β cells by discussing how they can cause lipotoxicity or regulate inflammatory response during insulitis. We also discuss how diet can affect the availability of fatty acids and disease development. Finally, we discuss development avenues that need further exploration. EXPERT OPINION Fatty acids, such as hydroxyl fatty acids, ω-3 fatty acids, and their downstream products, are druggable candidates that promote protective signaling. Inhibitors and antagonists of enzymes and receptors of arachidonic acid and free fatty acids, along with their derived metabolites, which cause pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses, have the potential to be developed as therapeutic targets also. Further, because diet is the main source of fatty acid intake in humans, balancing protective and pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic fatty acid levels through dietary therapy may have beneficial effects, delaying T1D progression. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting fatty acid signaling hold potential as avenues to treat T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Díaz Ludovico
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily Elliott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Governmental Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, and Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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17
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Imig JD. Bioactive lipids in hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:1-35. [PMID: 37236756 PMCID: PMC10918458 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major healthcare issue that afflicts one in every three adults worldwide and contributes to cardiovascular diseases, morbidity and mortality. Bioactive lipids contribute importantly to blood pressure regulation via actions on the vasculature, kidney, and inflammation. Vascular actions of bioactive lipids include blood pressure lowering vasodilation and blood pressure elevating vasoconstriction. Increased renin release by bioactive lipids in the kidney is pro-hypertensive whereas anti-hypertensive bioactive lipid actions result in increased sodium excretion. Bioactive lipids have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions that increase or decrease reactive oxygen species and impact vascular and kidney function in hypertension. Human studies provide evidence that fatty acid metabolism and bioactive lipids contribute to sodium and blood pressure regulation in hypertension. Genetic changes identified in humans that impact arachidonic acid metabolism have been associated with hypertension. Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 metabolites have pro-hypertensive and anti-hypertensive actions. Omega-3 fish oil fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are known to be anti-hypertensive and cardiovascular protective. Lastly, emerging fatty acid research areas include blood pressure regulation by isolevuglandins, nitrated fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids. Taken together, bioactive lipids are key contributors to blood pressure regulation and hypertension and their manipulation could decrease cardiovascular disease and associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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18
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Canyelles-Niño M, González-Lafont À, Lluch JM. Hydroperoxidation of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Human ALOX12 and pigALOX15-mini-LOX. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076064. [PMID: 37047037 PMCID: PMC10094721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lipoxygenase 12 (hALOX12) catalyzes the conversion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into mainly 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-H(p)DHA). This hydroperoxidation reaction is followed by an epoxidation and hydrolysis process that finally leads to maresin 1 (MaR1), a potent bioactive specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) in chronic inflammation resolution. By combining docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, we have computed the potential energy profile of DHA hydroperoxidation in the active site of hALOX12. Our results describe the structural evolution of the molecular system at each step of this catalytic reaction pathway. Noteworthy, the required stereospecificity of the reaction leading to MaR1 is explained by the configurations adopted by DHA bound to hALOX12, along with the stereochemistry of the pentadienyl radical formed after the first step of the mechanism. In pig lipoxygenase 15 (pigALOX15-mini-LOX), our calculations suggest that 14S-H(p)DHA can be formed, but with a stereochemistry that is inadequate for MaR1 biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Canyelles-Niño
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Arquebio SL, Carrer de Álava 51, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Sanches JM, Zhao LN, Salehi A, Wollheim CB, Kaldis P. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the impact of altered metabolic interorgan crosstalk. FEBS J 2023; 290:620-648. [PMID: 34847289 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide, reducing the quality of life significantly, and results in grave consequences for our health care system. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), the lack of β-cell compensatory mechanisms overcoming peripherally developed insulin resistance is a paramount factor leading to disturbed blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism. Impaired β-cell functions and insulin resistance have been studied extensively resulting in a good understanding of these pathways but much less is known about interorgan crosstalk, which we define as signaling between tissues by secreted factors. Besides hormones and organokines, dysregulated blood glucose and long-lasting hyperglycemia in T2D is associated with changes in metabolism with metabolites from different tissues contributing to the development of this disease. Recent data suggest that metabolites, such as lipids including free fatty acids and amino acids, play important roles in the interorgan crosstalk during the development of T2D. In general, metabolic remodeling affects physiological homeostasis and impacts the development of T2D. Hence, we highlight the importance of metabolic interorgan crosstalk in this review to gain enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiology of T2D, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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20
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Lin X, He S, Wu S, Zhang T, Gong S, Minjie T, Gao Y. Diagnostic biomarker panels of osteoarthritis: UPLC-QToF/MS-based serum metabolic profiling. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14563. [PMID: 36655043 PMCID: PMC9841907 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in the world, characterized by pain and loss of joint function, which has led to a serious reduction in the quality of patients' lives. In this work, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF/MS) in conjunction with multivariate pattern recognition methods and an univariate statistical analysis scheme were applied to explore the serum metabolic signatures within OA group (n = 31), HC (healthy controls) group (n = 57) and non-OA group (n = 19) for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of OA. Based on logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, seven metabolites, including phosphatidylcholine (18:0/22:6), p-cresol sulfate and so on, were identified as critical metabolites for the diagnosis of OA and HC and yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.978. The other panel of unknown m/z 239.091, phosphatidylcholine (18:0/18:0) and phenylalanine were found to distinguish OA from non-OA and achieved an AUC of 0.888. These potential biomarkers are mainly involved in lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism. It is expected to reveal new insight into OA pathogenesis from changed metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lin
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shiqi He
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suyu Wu
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianwen Zhang
- Fujian Fishery Resources Monitoring Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sisi Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Tang Minjie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao Gao
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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21
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Classes of Lipid Mediators and Their Effects on Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021637. [PMID: 36675152 PMCID: PMC9863938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the inactivation of inflammation is mainly due to the decay or cessation of inducers. In reality, in connection with the development of atherosclerosis, spontaneous decay of inducers is not observed. It is now known that lipid mediators originating from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are important constituents of all cell membranes, can act in the inflamed tissue and bring it to resolution. In fact, PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this review, we describe the lipid mediators of vascular inflammation and resolution, and their biochemical activity. In addition, we highlight data from the literature that often show a worsening of atherosclerotic disease in subjects deficient in lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, and we also report on the anti-proteasic and anti-thrombotic properties of these same lipid mediators. It should be noted that despite promising data observed in both animal and in vitro studies, contradictory clinical results have been observed for omega-3 PUFAs. Many further studies will be required in order to clarify the observed conflicts, although lifestyle habits such as smoking or other biochemical factors may often influence the normal synthesis of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution.
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22
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Liu L, Lian N, Shi L, Hao Z, Chen K. Ferroptosis: Mechanism and connections with cutaneous diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1079548. [PMID: 36684424 PMCID: PMC9846271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recognized novel form of programmed cell death pathway, featuring abnormalities in iron metabolism, SystemXc-/glutathione axis, and lipid peroxidation regulation. A variety of ferroptosis inducers can influence glutathione peroxidase directly or indirectly via diverse pathways, leading to decreased antioxidant capacity, accumulated cellular lipid peroxides, and finally inducing ferroptosis. To date, mounting studies confirm the association of ferroptosis with various cutaneous diseases, including skin homeostasis, neoplastic diseases, infectious diseases, genetic skin disease, inflammatory skin diseases, and autoimmune diseases. There are shared characteristics regarding ferroptosis and various cutaneous diseases in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress associated with iron metabolism disorder and accumulated lipid peroxides. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ferroptosis for further discussion of its role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of skin diseases. Gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and the associated dermatological disorders could illuminate the pathogenesis and treatments of different cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Liu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqing Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Kun Chen,
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23
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Kuksis A, Pruzanski W. Hydrolysis of polyhydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid-glycerophosphocholines by Group IIA, V, and X secretory phospholipases A 2. Lipids 2023; 58:3-17. [PMID: 36114729 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that unesterified polyunsaturated ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids (PUFA) are converted through various lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes to a range of oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins), among which the polyhydroxides of unesterified PUFA have recently been recognized as cell signaling molecules with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). This study investigates the mono-, di-, and trihydroxy 16:0/PUFA-GPCs, and the corresponding 16:0/SPM-GPC, in plasma lipoproteins. We describe the isolation and identification of mono-, di-, and trihydroxy AA, EPA, and DHA-GPC in plasma LDL, HDL, HDL3, and acute phase HDL using normal phase LC/ESI-MS, as previously reported. The lipoproteins contained variable amounts of the polyhydroxy-PUFA-GPC (0-10 nmol/mg protein), likely the product of lipid peroxidation and the action of various lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes on both free fatty acids and the parent GPCs. Polyhydroxy-PUFA-GPC was hydrolyzed to variable extent (20%-80%) by the different secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2 s), with Group IIA sPLA2 showing the lowest and Group X sPLA2 the highest activity. Surprisingly, the trihydroxy-16:0/PUFA-GPC of APHDL was largely absent, while large amounts of unidentified material had migrated in the free fatty acid elution area. The free fatty acid mass spectra were consistent with that anticipated for branched chain polyhydroxy fatty acids. There was general agreement between the masses determined by LC/ESI-MS for the polyhydroxy PUFA-GPC and the masses calculated for the GPC equivalents of resolvins, protectins, and maresins using the fatty acid structures reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnis Kuksis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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24
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Chontzopoulou E, Papaemmanouil CD, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Kolokouris D, Kiriakidi S, Konstantinidi A, Gerogianni I, Tselios T, Kostakis IK, Chrysina ED, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Tzeli D, Tzakos AG, Mavromoustakos T. Molecular investigation of artificial and natural sweeteners as potential anti-inflammatory agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12608-12620. [PMID: 34499023 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1973565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing existing drugs, as well as natural and artificial sweeteners for novel therapeutic indications could speed up the drug discovery process since numerous associated risks and costs for drug development can be surpassed. In this study, natural and artificial sweeteners have been evaluated by in silico and experimental studies for their potency to inhibit lipoxygenase enzyme, an enzyme participating in the inflammation pathway. A variety of different methods pinpointed that aspartame inhibits the lipoxygenase isoform 1 (LOX-1). In particular, "LOX-aspartame" complex, that was predicted by docking studies, was further evaluated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations in order to assess the stability of the complex. The binding energy of the complex has been calculated after MD simulations using Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method. Furthermore, Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) calculations have been applied for geometry optimization of the "enzyme-ligand" complex. After having fully characterized the "LOX-aspartame" complex in silico, followed in vitro biological assays confirmed that aspartame inhibits LOX-1 (IC50=50 ± 3.0 μΜ) and blocks its biological response. The atomic details of aspartame's interaction profile with LOX-1 were revealed through Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Finally, aspartame was also tested with Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics studies for its potent binding to a number of different LOX isoforms of many organisms, including human. The in silico methods indicated that aspartame could serve as a novel starting point for drug design against LOX enzyme. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chontzopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina D Papaemmanouil
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kolokouris
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Kiriakidi
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Konstantinidi
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gerogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis K Kostakis
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Demeter Tzeli
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Burke ND, Nixon B, Roman SD, Schjenken JE, Walters JLH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG. Male infertility and somatic health - insights into lipid damage as a mechanistic link. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:727-750. [PMID: 36100661 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mounting evidence has shown an alarming association between male subfertility and poor somatic health, with substantial evidence supporting the increased incidence of oncological disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases in men who have previously received a subfertility diagnosis. This paradigm is concerning, but might also provide a novel window for a crucial health reform in which the infertile phenotype could serve as an indication of potential pathological conditions. One of the major limiting factors in this association is the poor understanding of the molecular features that link infertility with comorbidities across the life course. Enzymes involved in the lipid oxidation process might provide novel clues to reconcile the mechanistic basis of infertility with incident pathological conditions. Building research capacity in this area is essential to enhance the early detection of disease states and provide crucial information about the disease risk of offspring conceived through assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burke
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Drug Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L H Walters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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26
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Chen X, Xie H, Liu Y, Ou Q, Deng S. Interference of ALOX5 alleviates inflammation and fibrosis in high glucose‑induced renal mesangial cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:34. [PMID: 36605525 PMCID: PMC9798157 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), seriously threatening the health of individuals. The 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene has been reported to be associated with diabetes, but whether it is involved in DN remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role of ALOX5 in DN and to clarify the potential mechanism. Mouse renal mesangial cells (SV40 MES-13) were treated with high glucose (HG) to mimic a DN model in vitro. The expression level of ALOX5 was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometric assays were performed to determine cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was carried out to detect the expression of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The inflammatory cytokines were assessed using ELISA. The expression of fibrosis- and NF-κB-related proteins was determined using western blotting. The results revealed that ALOX5 was significantly upregulated in HG-induced SV40 MES-13 cells. Interference of ALOX5 greatly hindered HG-induced cell viability loss, as well as increasing the expression of Ki67 and PCNA. In addition, HG induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and cell apoptosis, which were then partly abolished by interference of ALOX5. Moreover, the elevated production of inflammatory cytokines and upregulated fibrosis-related proteins induced by HG were weakened by interference of ALOX5. Eventually, interference of ALOX5 was found to reduce the activity of NF-κB signaling in HG-induced SV40 MES-13 cells. Collectively, interference of ALOX5 serves as a protective role in HG-induced kidney cell injury, providing a potential therapeutic strategy of DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Xiaotao Chen, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, 25 Renmin West Road, Beihu, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwu Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423001, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Qiujuan Ou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Shuaijie Deng
- Century College, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 102101, P.R. China
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27
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The Role of 12/15-Lipoxygenase and Its Various Metabolites Generated from Multiple Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Substrates in Inflammatory Responses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4589191. [PMID: 36199753 PMCID: PMC9527411 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4589191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is a member of the lipoxygenase family, which can catalyze a variety of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to produce different metabolites, such as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 15-HETE, lipoxin (LX), hepoxilin, resolvin, protectin, and maresins. 12/15-LOX and its metabolites take part in inflammatory responses and mediate related signalling pathways, playing an essential role in various inflammatory diseases. So the definition, catalytic substrates, metabolites of 12/15-lipoxygenase, and their roles in inflammatory responses are reviewed in this article.
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Tu Y, Chen Q, Guo W, Xiang P, Huang H, Fei H, Chen L, Yang Y, Peng Z, Gu C, Tan X, Liu X, Lu Y, Chen R, Wang H, Luo Y, Yang J. MiR-702-5p ameliorates diabetic encephalopathy in db/db mice by regulating 12/15-LOX. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114212. [PMID: 36029808 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-702-5p on diabetic encephalopathy (DE) and the interaction of miR-702-5p/12/15-LOX in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, db/db mice were used as DE animal model and HT22 cells were treated with high-glucose (HG). Based on the bioinformatics prediction of possible binding sites between miR-702-5p and 12/15-LOX, we found that the expression of miR-702-5p was significantly down-regulated while 12/15-LOX up-regulated in vivo and in vitro, and the expression changes were inversely correlated. In vivo, diabetic mice with cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal neuronal damage had a concomitant increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloid beta(Aβ), tau, BAX protein expressions; by contrast, Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased. Overexpression of miR-702-5p significantly reduced the histopathological damage of the hippocampus, improved the learning and memory function of db/db mice, down-regulated 12/15-LOX, APP, Aβ, tau, BAX protein expressions significantly and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2. In vitro, miR-702-5p mimic reversed the decline in cell viability and the increase in cell apoptosis induced by HG. Simultaneously, reduced 12/15-LOX, APP, Aβ, BAX protein expressions, and increased Bcl-2 protein expression were detected in the miR-702-5p mimic group. Moreover, combined administration of miR-702-5p mimic and 12/15-LOX overexpression lentivirus significantly reversed the protective effect of up-regulation of miR-702-5p. In conclusion, miR-702-5p has a neuroprotective effect on DE, and this effect was achieved by inhibiting 12/15-LOX. However, miR-702-5p had an endogenous regulatory effect on 12/15-LOX rather than a direct targeting relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Pharmacy Department of GuiZhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Dianjiang People's Hospital of Chongqing, Dianjiang, Chongqing 408300, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huizhi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rongchun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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12/15-Lipoxygenase Regulation of Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Is Determined by Interfering with Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168997. [PMID: 36012263 PMCID: PMC9409421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to discuss the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) regulation involved in diabetes cognitive dysfunction. First, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test was used to evaluate cognitive ability in diabetic patients and normal controls. The plasma test showed that the plasma level of 12/15-LOX in patients with MMSE scores below 27 was significantly increased compared with that of the normal group. Second, 12/15-LOX inhibitor was administered to diabetic rats. Behavioral tests, biochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blotting were used in this study. We found that the levels of fasting and random blood glucose increased rapidly in diabetic rats, the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol in the diabetic group increased, and insulin levels decreased significantly. In the Morris water maze test, the escape latency was prolonged, and the crossing times decreased in the diabetic group. Under the microscope, the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in diabetic rats increased significantly. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and 12-hydroxyindoleic acid (12(S)-HETE) significantly increased, and the protein expression of 12/15-LOX, p38 MAPK, Aβ1-42, caspase-3, caspase-9 and cPLA2 increased, while that of Bcl-2 decreased. However, the use of 12/15-LOX inhibitor reversed these results. Third, 12/15-LOX shRNA and p38MAPK inhibitor were administered to HT22 cells in high-glucose medium. The results of the cell experiment were consistent with those of the animal experiment. Our results indicated that the 12/15-LOX pathway participates in diabetic brain damage by activating p38MAPK to promote inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and intervention 12/15-LOX can improve diabetic cognitive dysfunction.
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Functional and pathological role of 15-Lipoxygenase and its metabolites in pregnancy and pregnancy-associated complications. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 161:106648. [PMID: 35577309 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal lipid metabolism status during pregnancy may have pivotal effects on a healthy pregnancy, the progression of labor, and childbirth. Based on evidence, changes in maternal lipid profile and metabolism is related to various alterations in fetal metabolic status, fat mass, birth weight and can result in serious maternal and fetal complications. 15-lipoxygenase accounts as a key enzyme in metabolizing polyunsaturated fatty acids that generate various inflammatory lipid metabolites. The possible involvement of 15- lipoxygenase and its metabolites in the inflammatory process, cell proliferation and death, and immune response has been postulated. The indicative role of the 15- lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway in the implantation process, stages of pregnancy, embryogenesis, organogenesis, progression of labor, pregnancy period, and pregnancy-associated complications is remarkable. Accordingly, this study will review the research conducted on the role of 15- lipoxygenase in different reproductive tissues, and its pathological role in pregnancy-related diseases to provide more insight regarding the emerging role of 15-lipoxygenase in normal pregnancy.
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Petan T, Manček-Keber M. Half is enough: Oxidized lysophospholipids as novel bioactive molecules. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:351-362. [PMID: 35779690 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies in the last decade have established the roles of oxidized phospholipids as modulators of various cellular processes, from inflammation and immunity to cell death. Oxidized lysophospholipids, formed through the activity of phospholipases and oxidative enzymes and lacking an acyl chain in comparison with parent phospholipids, are now emerging as novel bioactive lipid mediators. Their detection and structural characterization have been limited in the past due to low amounts and the complexity of their biosynthetic and removal pathways, but recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated their formation under inflammatory conditions. The involvement of oxidized lysophospholipids in immune regulation classifies them as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which can promote sterile inflammation and contribute to autoimmune and chronic diseases as well as aging-related diseases. Their signaling pathways are just beginning to be revealed. As the first publications indicate that oxidized lysophospholipids use the same receptors as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), it is likely that the inhibition of signaling pathways activated by oxidized lysophospholipids would affect innate immunity per se. On the other hand, inhibition or modulation of their enzymatic formation, which would not interfere with the response to pathogens, might be beneficial and is potentially a promising new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Manček-Keber
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Mendonça JDS, Guimarães RDCA, Zorgetto-Pinheiro VA, Fernandes CDP, Marcelino G, Bogo D, Freitas KDC, Hiane PA, de Pádua Melo ES, Vilela MLB, do Nascimento VA. Natural Antioxidant Evaluation: A Review of Detection Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:3563. [PMID: 35684500 PMCID: PMC9182375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants have drawn the attention of the scientific community due to being related to the prevention of various degenerative diseases. The antioxidant capacity has been extensively studied in vitro, and different methods have been used to assess its activity. However, the main issues related to studying natural antioxidants are evaluating whether these antioxidants demonstrate a key role in the biological system and assessing their bioavailability in the organism. The majority of outcomes in the literature are controversial due to a lack of method standardization and their proper application. Therefore, this study aims to compile the main issues concerning the natural antioxidant field of study, comparing the most common in vitro methods to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural compounds, demonstrating the antioxidant activity in biological systems and the role of the main antioxidant enzymes of redox cellular signaling and explaining how the bioavailability of bioactive compounds is evaluated in animal models and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer da Silva Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Verônica Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Carolina Di Pietro Fernandes
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
| | - Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.M.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (V.A.Z.-P.); (G.M.); (D.B.); (K.d.C.F.); (P.A.H.); (E.S.d.P.M.)
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
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Palmer CS, Kimmey JM. Neutrophil Recruitment in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:894644. [PMID: 35646729 PMCID: PMC9136017 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.894644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is the primary agent of community-acquired pneumonia. Neutrophils are innate immune cells that are essential for bacterial clearance during pneumococcal pneumonia but can also do harm to host tissue. Neutrophil migration in pneumococcal pneumonia is therefore a major determinant of host disease outcomes. During Spn infection, detection of the bacterium leads to an increase in proinflammatory signals and subsequent expression of integrins and ligands on both the neutrophil as well as endothelial and epithelial cells. These integrins and ligands mediate the tethering and migration of the neutrophil from the bloodstream to the site of infection. A gradient of host-derived and bacterial-derived chemoattractants contribute to targeted movement of neutrophils. During pneumococcal pneumonia, neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the pulmonary space, but studies show that some of the canonical neutrophil migratory machinery is dispensable. Investigation of neutrophil migration is necessary for us to understand the dynamics of pneumococcal infection. Here, we summarize what is known about the pathways that lead to migration of the neutrophil from the capillaries to the lung during pneumococcal infection.
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Protty MB, Jenkins PV, Collins PW, O'Donnell VB. The role of procoagulant phospholipids on the surface of circulating blood cells in thrombosis and haemostasis. Open Biol 2022; 12:210318. [PMID: 35440201 PMCID: PMC9019515 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are found in all cell types and are required for structural support and cell activation signalling pathways. In resting cells, PLs are asymmetrically distributed throughout the plasma membrane with native procoagulant aminophospholipids (aPLs) being actively maintained in the inner leaflet of the membrane. Upon platelet activation, aPLs rapidly externalize to the outer leaflet and are essential for supporting the coagulation cascade by providing binding sites for factors in the cell-based model. More recent work has uncovered a role for enzymatically oxidized PLs (eoxPLs) in facilitating coagulation, working in concert with native aPLs. Despite this, the role of aPLs and eoxPLs in thrombo-inflammatory conditions, such as arterial and venous thrombosis, has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we describe the biochemical structures, distribution and regulation of aPL externalization and summarize the literature on eoxPL generation in circulating blood cells. We focus on the currently understood role of these lipids in mediating coagulation reactions in vitro, in vivo and in human thrombotic disease. Finally, we highlight gaps in our understanding in how these lipids vary in health and disease, which may place them as future therapeutic targets for the management of thrombo-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd B. Protty
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - P. Vince Jenkins
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Peter W. Collins
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Balas L, Dey SK, Béraud-Dufour S, Riechers DE, Landau OA, Bertrand-Michel J, Durand T, Blondeau N. Linotrins: Omega-3 oxylipins featuring an E,Z,E conjugated triene motif are present in the plant kingdom and alleviate inflammation in LPS-challenged microglial cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Heinrich L, Booijink R, Khurana A, Weiskirchen R, Bansal R. Lipoxygenases in chronic liver diseases: current insights and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:188-205. [PMID: 34961619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) caused by viral infections, alcohol/drug abuse, or metabolic disorders affect millions of people globally and have increased mortality owing to the lack of approved therapies. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of multifaceted enzymes that are responsible for the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including liver diseases. This review describes the three main LOX signaling pathways - 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX - and their involvement in CLDs. We also provide recent insights and future perspectives on LOX-related hepatic pathophysiology, and discuss the potential of LOXs and LOX-derived metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Heinrich
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Richell Booijink
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Amit Khurana
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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Giurdanella G, Longo A, Distefano A, Olivieri M, Cristaldi M, Cosentino A, Agafonova A, Caporarello N, Lupo G, Anfuso CD. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the β1-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Metoprolol on High Glucose Treated Human Microvascular Retinal Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010051. [PMID: 35011613 PMCID: PMC8750370 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced impairment of the blood-retinal barrier represents the main pathological event in diabetic retinopathy that is elicited by a reduced cellular response to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased inflammation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the selective β1-adrenoreceptor (β1-AR) antagonist metoprolol could modulate the inflammatory response to hyperglycemic conditions. For this purpose, human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) were treated with normal (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM, HG) in the presence of metoprolol (10 μM), epinephrine (1 μM), or both compounds. Metoprolol prevented both the HG-induced reduction of cell viability (MTT assays) and the modulation of the angiogenic potential of HREC (tube formation assays) reducing the TNF-α, IL-1β, and VEGF mRNA levels (qRT-PCR). Moreover, metoprolol prevented the increase in phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-cPLA2, COX2, and protein levels (Western blot) as well as counteracting the translocation of ERK1/2 and cPLA2 (high-content screening). Metoprolol reduced ROS accumulation in HG-stimulated HREC by activating the anti-oxidative cellular response mediated by the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In conclusion, metoprolol exerted a dual effect on HG-stimulated HREC, decreasing the activation of the pro-inflammatory ERK1/2/cPLA2/COX2 axis, and counteracting ROS accumulation by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Giurdanella
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (A.D.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Anna Longo
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (A.D.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (A.D.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Melania Olivieri
- U.O. Clinical Pathology, Department of Hematology, AUSL Romagna, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
| | | | - Alessia Cosentino
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (A.D.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Agafonova
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (A.D.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (A.D.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (C.D.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (A.L.); (A.D.); (A.C.); (A.A.); (C.D.A.)
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Govatati S, Pichavaram P, Mani AM, Kumar R, Sharma D, Dienel A, Meena S, Puchowicz MA, Park EA, Rao GN. Novel role of xanthine oxidase-dependent H 2O 2 production in 12/15-lipoxygenase-mediated de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride biosynthesis and weight gain. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102163. [PMID: 34655995 PMCID: PMC8577505 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) plays an essential role in oxidative conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids into various bioactive lipid molecules. Although 12/15-LOX's role in the pathophysiology of various human diseases has been well studied, its role in weight gain is controversial and poorly clarified. Here, we demonstrated the role of 12/15-LOX in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain in a mouse model. We found that 12/15-LOX mediates HFD-induced de novo lipogenesis (DNL), triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis and the transport of TGs from the liver to adipose tissue leading to white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion and weight gain via xanthine oxidase (XO)-dependent production of H2O2. 12/15-LOX deficiency leads to cullin2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of XO, thereby suppressing H2O2 production, DNL and TG biosynthesis resulting in reduced WAT expansion and weight gain. These findings infer that manipulation of 12/15-LOX metabolism may manifest a potential therapeutic target for weight gain and obesity. 12/15-LOX-12(S)-HETE axis via activation of CREB-Egr1 enhances TG biosynthesis. 12/15-LOX-12(S)-HETE axis via activation of SREBP1c triggers DNL. H2O2 mediates 12/15-LOX-12(S)-HETE axis-induced DNL and TG biosynthesis. 12/15-LOX via TG biosynthesis leads to WAT expansion and body weight gain. Downstream to 12/15-LOX, H2O2-mediates WAT expansion and body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Govatati
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Arul M Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Ari Dienel
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sunita Meena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Michelle A Puchowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Kourtidou C, Stangou M, Marinaki S, Tziomalos K. Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011196. [PMID: 34681856 PMCID: PMC8537513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are at very high risk for cardiovascular events. Only part of this increased risk can be attributed to the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to other DM-related comorbidities, including hypertension and obesity. The identification of novel risk factors that underpin the association between DKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is essential for risk stratification, for individualization of treatment and for identification of novel treatment targets.In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of emerging cardiovascular risk markers in patients with DKD. Among these biomarkers, fibroblast growth factor-23 and copeptin were studied more extensively and consistently predicted cardiovascular events in this population. Therefore, it might be useful to incorporate them in risk stratification strategies in patients with DKD to identify those who would possibly benefit from more aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christodoula Kourtidou
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Smaragdi Marinaki
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Tsai WC, Gilbert NC, Ohler A, Armstrong M, Perry S, Kalyanaraman C, Yasgar A, Rai G, Simeonov A, Jadhav A, Standley M, Lee HW, Crews P, Iavarone AT, Jacobson MP, Neau DB, Offenbacher AR, Newcomer M, Holman TR. Kinetic and structural investigations of novel inhibitors of human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116349. [PMID: 34500187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2 (h15-LOX-2, ALOX15B) is expressed in many tissues and has been implicated in atherosclerosis, cystic fibrosis and ferroptosis. However, there are few reported potent/selective inhibitors that are active ex vivo. In the current work, we report newly discovered molecules that are more potent and structurally distinct from our previous inhibitors, MLS000545091 and MLS000536924 (Jameson et al, PLoS One, 2014, 9, e104094), in that they contain a central imidazole ring, which is substituted at the 1-position with a phenyl moiety and with a benzylthio moiety at the 2-position. The initial three molecules were mixed-type, non-reductive inhibitors, with IC50 values of 0.34 ± 0.05 μM for MLS000327069, 0.53 ± 0.04 μM for MLS000327186 and 0.87 ± 0.06 μM for MLS000327206 and greater than 50-fold selectivity versus h5-LOX, h12-LOX, h15-LOX-1, COX-1 and COX-2. A small set of focused analogs was synthesized to demonstrate the validity of the hits. In addition, a binding model was developed for the three imidazole inhibitors based on computational docking and a co-structure of h15-LOX-2 with MLS000536924. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) results indicate a similar binding mode between MLS000536924 and MLS000327069, however, the latter restricts protein motion of helix-α2 more, consistent with its greater potency. Given these results, we designed, docked, and synthesized novel inhibitors of the imidazole scaffold and confirmed our binding mode hypothesis. Importantly, four of the five inhibitors mentioned above are active in an h15-LOX-2/HEK293 cell assay and thus they could be important tool compounds in gaining a better understanding of h15-LOX-2's role in human biology. As such, a suite of similar pharmacophores that target h15-LOX-2 both in vitro and ex vivo are presented in the hope of developing them as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Nathan C Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Amanda Ohler
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Michelle Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Steven Perry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Melissa Standley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- Department of Chemistry and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - David B Neau
- Cornell University, Northeastern Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Adam R Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Marcia Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
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Yao D, Qiao F, Song C, Lv Y. Matrix stiffness regulates bone repair by modulating 12-lipoxygenase-mediated early inflammation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112359. [PMID: 34474906 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism in macrophages has been increasingly emphasized in exerting an anti-inflammatory effect and accelerating fracture healing. 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is expressed in several cell types, including macrophages, and oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to generate both pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, of which the n-3 PUFAs play an important part in tissue homeostasis/fibrosis. Although mechanical factor regulates the lipid metabolic axis of inflammatory cells, specifically matrix stiffness influences macrophages metabolic responses, little is known about how matrix stiffness affects the 12-LOX-mediated early inflammation in bone repair. In the present study, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds with different matrix stiffness were constructed by controlling the duration of decalcification (0 h (control), 1 h (high), 12 h (medium), and 5 d (low)) to repair the defected rat skull. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophages polarization were analyzed. The lipid metabolites and lipid mediators' biosynthesis by matrix stiffness-regulated were further detected. The results showed that the low matrix stiffness could polarize macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, promote the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) biosynthesis beneficial for the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). After treated with ML355, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines/proteins and SPMs biosynthesis in macrophages cultured on low-matrix stiffness scaffolds were repressed, and there were almost no statistical differences among all groups. Findings from this study support that matrix stiffness regulates bone repair by modulating 12-LOX-mediated early inflammation, which suggest a direct mechanical impact of matrix stiffness on macrophages lipid metabolism and provide a new insight into the clinical application of SPMs for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yao
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Fangyu Qiao
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Chenchen Song
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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42
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Bashir B, Shahid W, Ashraf M, Saleem M, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Muzaffar S, Imran M, Amjad H, Bhattarai K, Riaz N. Identification of phenylcarbamoylazinane-1,3,4-oxadiazole amides as lipoxygenase inhibitors with expression analysis and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105243. [PMID: 34403937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In search for new anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit the enzymes of arachidonic acid pathway as the drug targets, the present article describes the screening of 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues against lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme. The work is based on the synthesis of new N-alkyl/aralky/aryl derivatives (6a-o) of 2-(4-phenyl-5-(1-phenylcarbamoylpiperidine)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-ylthio)acetamide which were obtained by the reaction of 1,3,4-oxadiazole (3) with various electrophiles (5a-o), in KOH. The synthesized analogues showed potent to moderate inhibitory activity against the soybean 15-LOX enzyme; especially 6g, 6b, 6a and 6l displayed the potent inhibitory potential with IC50 values 7.15 ± 0.26, 9.32 ± 0.42, 15.83 ± 0.45 & 18.37 ± 0.53 µM, respectively, while excellent to moderate inhibitory profiles with IC50 values in the range of 26.13-98.21 µM were observed from the compounds 6k, 6m, 6j, 6o, 6h, 6f, 6n and 6c. Most of the active compounds exhibited considerable cell viability against blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) at 0.25 mM by MTT assay except 6f, 6h, 6k and 6m which showed around 50% cell viability. Flow cytometry studies of the selected compounds 6a, 6j and 6n revealed that these caused 79.5-88.51% early apoptotic changes in MNCs compared with 4.26% for control quercetin at their respective IC50 values. The relative expression of 5-LOX gene was monitored in MNCs after treatment with these three molecules and all down-regulated the enzyme activity. In silico ADME and molecular docking studies further supported these studies of oxadiazole derivatives and considered it as potential 'lead' compounds in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Bashir
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Shahid
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzaffar
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hira Amjad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
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43
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Romero-Téllez S, Cruz A, Masgrau L, González-Lafont À, Lluch JM. Accounting for the instantaneous disorder in the enzyme-substrate Michaelis complex to calculate the Gibbs free energy barrier of an enzyme reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13042-13054. [PMID: 34100037 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many enzyme reactions present instantaneous disorder. These dynamic fluctuations in the enzyme-substrate Michaelis complexes generate a wide range of energy barriers that cannot be experimentally observed, but that determine the measured kinetics of the reaction. These individual energy barriers can be calculated using QM/MM methods, but then the problem is how to deal with this dispersion of energy barriers to provide kinetic information. So far, the most usual procedure has implied the so-called exponential average of the energy barriers. In this paper, we discuss the foundations of this method, and we use the free energy perturbation theory to derive an alternative equation to get the Gibbs free energy barrier of the enzyme reaction. In addition, we propose a practical way to implement it. We have chosen four enzyme reactions as examples. In particular, we have studied the hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond catalyzed by the enzyme Thermus thermophilus β-glycosidase, and the mutant Y284P Ttb-gly, and the hydrogen abstraction reactions from C13 and C7 of arachidonic acid catalyzed by the enzyme rabbit 15-lipoxygenase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Romero-Téllez
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Masgrau
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain and Zymvol Biomodeling, Carrer Roc Boronat, 117, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Àngels González-Lafont
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain and Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Castro BBA, Foresto-Neto O, Saraiva-Camara NO, Sanders-Pinheiro H. Renal lipotoxicity: insights from experimental models. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1579-1588. [PMID: 34314523 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and chronic kidney disease. Renal lipotoxicity has been associated with obesity. Although lipids play fundamental physiological roles, the accumulation of lipids in kidney cells may cause dysfunction and/or renal fibrosis. Adipose tissue that exceed their lipid storage capacity begins to release triglycerides into the bloodstream that can get stored in several organs, including the kidneys. The mechanisms underlying renal lipotoxicity involve intracellular lipid accumulation and organelle dysfunction, which trigger oxidative stress and inflammation that consequently result in insulin resistance and albuminuria. However, the specific pathways involved in renal lipotoxicity have not yet been fully understood. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which lipotoxicity affects the renal morphology and function in experimental models of obesity. The accumulation of fatty acids in tubular cells has been described as the main mechanism of lipotoxicity; however, lipids and their metabolism also affect the function and the survival of podocytes. In this review, we presented indication of mitochondrial, lysosomal, and endoplasmic reticulum alterations involved in kidney damage caused by obesity. The kidney is vulnerable to lipotoxicity, and studies of the mechanisms underlying renal injury caused by obesity can help identify therapeutic targets to control renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bruna Abreu Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Nucleus of Animal Experimentation (NIDEAL), Centre of Reproductive Biology (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil.,Nephrology Division and Interdisciplinary Nucleus of Studies and Research in Nephrology (NIEPEN), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva-Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Helady Sanders-Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Nucleus of Animal Experimentation (NIDEAL), Centre of Reproductive Biology (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil.,Nephrology Division and Interdisciplinary Nucleus of Studies and Research in Nephrology (NIEPEN), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil
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45
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Pascale JV, Lucchesi PA, Garcia V. Unraveling the Role of 12- and 20- HETE in Cardiac Pathophysiology: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, Pharmacological Inhibitors, and Transgenic Approaches. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:707-717. [PMID: 34016841 PMCID: PMC8523029 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators play crucial roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Eicosanoid metabolites generated by lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes produce several classes of molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) family of bioactive lipids. In general, the cardioprotective effects of EETs have been documented across a number of cardiac diseases. In contrast, members of the HETE family have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiac disease, maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The net effect of 12(S)- and 20-HETE depends upon the relative amounts generated, ratio of HETEs:EETs produced, timing of synthesis, as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms activated by each respective metabolite. HETEs are synthesized by and affect multiple cell types within the myocardium. Moreover, cytochrome P450-derived and lipoxygenase- derived metabolites have been shown to directly influence cardiac myocyte growth and the regulation of cardiac fibroblasts. The mechanistic data uncovered thus far have employed the use of enzyme inhibitors, HETE antagonists, and the genetic manipulation of lipid-producing enzymes and their respective receptors, all of which influence a complex network of outcomes that complicate data interpretation. This review will summarize and integrate recent findings on the role of 12(S)-/20-HETE in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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46
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Alaaeddine RA, Elzahhar PA, AlZaim I, Abou-Kheir W, Belal ASF, El-Yazbi AF. The Emerging Role of COX-2, 15-LOX and PPARγ in Metabolic Diseases and Cancer: An Introduction to Novel Multi-target Directed Ligands (MTDLs). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2260-2300. [PMID: 32867639 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200820173853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro- and antitumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarizing the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Alaaeddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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47
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Kulkarni A, Nadler JL, Mirmira RG, Casimiro I. Regulation of Tissue Inflammation by 12-Lipoxygenases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:717. [PMID: 34064822 PMCID: PMC8150372 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are lipid metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the di-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate active eicosanoid products. 12-lipoxygenases (12-LOXs) primarily oxygenate the 12th carbon of its substrates. Many studies have demonstrated that 12-LOXs and their eicosanoid metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate (12-HETE), have significant pathological implications in inflammatory diseases. Increased level of 12-LOX activity promotes stress (both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum)-mediated inflammation, leading to damage in these tissues. 12-LOXs are also associated with enhanced cellular migration of immune cells-a characteristic of several metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme in animal models of various diseases has shown to be protective against disease development and/or progression in animal models in the setting of diabetes, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, suggesting a translational potential of targeting the enzyme for the treatment of several disorders. In this article, we review the role of 12-LOXs in the pathogenesis of several diseases in which chronic inflammation plays an underlying role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jerry L. Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | | | - Isabel Casimiro
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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48
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Le DE, García-Jaramillo M, Bobe G, Alcazar Magana A, Vaswani A, Minnier J, Jump DB, Rinkevich D, Alkayed NJ, Maier CS, Kaul S. Plasma Oxylipins: A Potential Risk Assessment Tool in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:645786. [PMID: 33969011 PMCID: PMC8097092 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.645786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While oxylipins have been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), little is known about their diagnostic and prognostic potential. Objective: We tested whether plasma concentration of specific oxylipins may discriminate among number of diseased coronary arteries and predict median 5-year outcomes in symptomatic adults. Methods: Using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative tandem mass spectrometry, we conducted a targeted analysis of 39 oxylipins in plasma samples of 23 asymptomatic adults with low CAD risk and 74 symptomatic adults (≥70% stenosis), aged 38–87 from the Greater Portland, Oregon area. Concentrations of 22 oxylipins were above the lower limit of quantification in >98% of adults and were compared, individually and in groups based on precursors and biosynthetic pathways, in symptomatic adults to number of diseased coronary arteries [(1) n = 31; (2) n = 23; (3) n = 20], and outcomes during a median 5-year follow-up (no surgery: n = 7; coronary stent placement: n = 24; coronary artery bypass graft surgery: n = 26; death: n = 7). Results: Plasma levels of six quantified oxylipins decreased with the number of diseased arteries; a panel of five oxylipins diagnosed three diseased arteries with 100% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Concentrations of five oxylipins were lower and one oxylipin was higher with survival; a panel of two oxylipins predicted survival during follow-up with 86% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Conclusions: Quantification of plasma oxylipins may assist in CAD diagnosis and prognosis in combination with standard risk assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elizabeth Le
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel García-Jaramillo
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ashish Vaswani
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Department of Biostatistics and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Diana Rinkevich
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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49
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Tourki B, Black LM, Kain V, Halade GV. Lipoxygenase inhibitor ML351 dysregulated an innate inflammatory response leading to impaired cardiac repair in acute heart failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111574. [PMID: 33862495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presistent increase of 12/15 lipoxygenase enzyme activity is correlated with uncontrolled inflammation, leading to organ dysfunction. ML351, a potent 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15LOX) inhibitor, was reported to reduce infarct size and inflammation in a murine ischemic stroke model. In the presented work, we have applied three complementary experimental approaches, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo, to determine whether pharmacological inhibition of 12/15LOX could dampen the inflammatory response in adult mice after Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) as an endotoxin stimulator or post myocardial infarction (MI). Male C57BL/6 (8-12 weeks) mice were subjected to permanent coronary ligation thereby inducing acute heart failure (MI-d1 and MI-d5) for in-vivo studies. 12/15LOX antagonist ML351 (50 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected 2 h post-MI, while MI-controls received saline. For ex-vivo experiments, ML351 (25 mg/kg) was injected as bolus after 5 min of inflammatory stimulus (KLA 1 μg/g) injection. Peritoneal macrophages (PMɸ) were harvested after 4 h post KLA. For in-vitro studies, PMɸ were treated with KLA (100 ng/mL), ML351 (10 µM), or KLA + ML351 for 4 h, and inflammatory response was evaluated. In-vivo, 5LOX expression was reduced after ML351 administration, inducing a compensatory increase of 12LOX that sensitized PMɸ toward a proinflammatory state. This was marked by higher inflammatory cytokines and dysregulation of the splenocardiac axis post-MI. ML351 treatment increased CD11b+ and Ly6Chigh populations in spleen and Ly6G+ population in heart, with a decrease in F4/80+ macrophage population at MI-d1. In-vitro results indicated that ML351 suppressed initiation of inflammation while ex-vivo results suggested ML351 overactivated inflammation consequently delaying the resolution process. Collectively, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo results indicated that pharmacological blockade of lipoxygenases using ML351 impaired initiation of inflammation thereby dysregulated acute immune response in cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Tourki
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laurence M Black
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
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50
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Shi Z, Zhang L, Zheng J, Sun H, Shao C. Ferroptosis: Biochemistry and Biology in Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:579286. [PMID: 33868986 PMCID: PMC8047310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.579286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of eradicating cancer is that cancer cells possess diverse mechanisms to protect themselves from clinical strategies. Recently, ferroptosis has been shown to exhibit appreciable anti-tumor activity that could be harnessed for cancer therapy in the future. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that is characterized by the oxidization of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and accumulation of lipid peroxides. Ferroptosis has been closely correlated with numerous biological processes, such as amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, iron metabolism, and lipid metabolism, as well as key regulators including GPX4, FSP1, NRF2, and p53. Although ferroptosis could be involved in killing various cancer cells, multiple aspects of this phenomenon remain unresolved. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry and biology of ferroptosis in diverse cancers and discuss the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis, which might pave the way for guiding cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Shi
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen Univerisity, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Clinical Central Research Core, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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