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Chowdhury MAR, Haq MM, Lee JH, Jeong S. Multi-faceted regulation of CREB family transcription factors. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1408949. [PMID: 39165717 PMCID: PMC11333461 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1408949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear transcription factor, which can be constitutively activated regardless of external stimuli or be inducibly activated by external factors such as stressors, hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. However, CREB controls diverse biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis in a cell-type-specific manner. The diverse functions of CREB appear to be due to CREB-mediated differential gene expression that depends on cAMP response elements and multi-faceted regulation of CREB activity. Indeed, the transcriptional activity of CREB is controlled at several levels including alternative splicing, post-translational modification, dimerization, specific transcriptional co-activators, non-coding small RNAs, and epigenetic regulation. In this review, we present versatile regulatory modes of CREB family transcription factors and discuss their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arifur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Mazedul Haq
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Jeong
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Sharma P, Kumari A, Singh P, Srivas S, Thakur MK, Hemalatha S. Pyrus pashia fruit extract and its major phytometabolite chrysin prevent hippocampal apoptosis and memory impairment in PTZ-kindled mice. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:836-848. [PMID: 37930934 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2276575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition with recurrent seizures. One-third of epilepsy patients experience unacceptable side effects from antiepileptic drugs. Pyrus pashia is a deciduous tree from southern Asia. Ethnomedicinally, Malakand tribes use its fruits for epilepsy treatment. Our prior research demonstrated the anticonvulsive properties of ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia (EPP) and its bioactive compound chrysin in acute seizure tests. This study aims to investigate the impact of EPP and chrysin on cognitive impairment in a PTZ-induced kindling mice model of epilepsy. METHODS Swiss albino male mice were equally divided into four groups. The first group received 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose dissolved in normal saline while the other three groups were pre-treated with Diazepam (DZP) (1 mg/kg, i.p.), EPP (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and chrysin (5 mg/kg, p.o.). After 30 min, all groups were administered PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) and evaluated for seizure severity, cognitive function, and neuronal apoptosis. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze the expressions of apoptosis biomarkers and memory-related genes, including cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). RESULTS The therapeutic effects of EPP and Chrysin were comparable to DZP in terms of reducing seizure severity, but unlike DZP, they prevented PTZ-induced memory impairment in experimental animals. Additionally, they increased the levels of BDNF and CREB while reducing apoptotic biomarkers in the hippocampus of experimental animals. CONCLUSIONS Based on the leads offered by this study EPP and its major bioactive constituent, could be developed as the treatment option for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Amita Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Padmanabh Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sweta Srivas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra K Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Siva Hemalatha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Reemst K, Lopizzo N, Abbink MR, Engelenburg HJ, Cattaneo A, Korosi A. Molecular underpinnings of programming by early-life stress and the protective effects of early dietary ω6/ω3 ratio, basally and in response to LPS: Integrated mRNA-miRNAs approach. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:283-297. [PMID: 38242369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) exposure increases the risk for mental disorders, including cognitive impairments later in life. We have previously demonstrated that an early diet with low ω6/ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio protects against ELS-induced cognitive impairments. Several studies have implicated the neuroimmune system in the ELS and diet mediated effects, but currently the molecular pathways via which ELS and early diet exert their long-term impact are not yet fully understood. Here we study the effects of ELS and dietary PUFA ratio on hippocampal mRNA and miRNA expression in adulthood, both under basal as well as inflammatory conditions. Male mice were exposed to chronic ELS by the limiting bedding and nesting material paradigm from postnatal day(P)2 to P9, and provided with a diet containing a standard (high (15:1.1)) or protective (low (1.1:1)) ω6 linoleic acid to ω3 alpha-linolenic acid ratio from P2 to P42. At P120, memory was assessed using the object location task. Subsequently, a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was given and 24 h later hippocampal genome-wide mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression was measured using microarray. Spatial learning deficits induced by ELS in mice fed the standard (high ω6/ω3) diet were reversed by the early-life protective (low ω6/ω3) diet. An integrated miRNA - mRNA analysis revealed that ELS and early diet induced miRNA driven mRNA expression changes into adulthood. Under basal conditions both ELS and the diet affected molecular pathways related to hippocampal plasticity, with the protective (low ω6/ω3 ratio) diet leading to activation of molecular pathways associated with improved hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory in mice previously exposed to ELS (e.g., CREB signaling and endocannabinoid neuronal synapse pathway). LPS induced miRNA and mRNA expression was strongly dependent on both ELS and early diet. In mice fed the standard (high ω6/ω3) diet, LPS increased miRNA expression leading to activation of inflammatory pathways. In contrast, in mice fed the protective diet, LPS reduced miRNA expression and altered target mRNA expression inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and pathways associated with hippocampal plasticity, which was especially apparent in mice previously exposed to ELS. This data provides molecular insights into how the protective (low ω6/ω3) diet during development could exert its long-lasting beneficial effects on hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory especially in a vulnerable population exposed to stress early in life, providing the basis for the development of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Reemst
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, Istituto di Recupero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maralinde R Abbink
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Engelenburg
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, Istituto di Recupero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
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Lipid Adaptations against Oxidative Challenge in the Healthy Adult Human Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010177. [PMID: 36671039 PMCID: PMC9855103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that the human brain is especially susceptible to oxidative stress, based on specific traits such as a higher rate of mitochondrial free radical production, a high content in peroxidizable fatty acids, and a low antioxidant defense. However, it is also evident that human neurons, although they are post-mitotic cells, survive throughout an entire lifetime. Therefore, to reduce or avoid the impact of oxidative stress on neuron functionality and survival, they must have evolved several adaptive mechanisms to cope with the deleterious effects of oxidative stress. Several of these antioxidant features are derived from lipid adaptations. At least six lipid adaptations against oxidative challenge in the healthy human brain can be discerned. In this work, we explore the idea that neurons and, by extension, the human brain is endowed with an important arsenal of non-pro-oxidant and antioxidant measures to preserve neuronal function, refuting part of the initial premise.
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Chen X, Li C, Zeng R, Qiu L, Huang J, Wang N, Ren X, Lin X. Inhibition of miR-495-3p ameliorated sevoflurane induced damage through BDNF/ERK/CREB signaling pathways in HT22 cells. Transpl Immunol 2022; 75:101708. [PMID: 36103909 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sevoflurane is used in anesthesia for surgery including in organ transplantation. We investigated the role of a non-coding single-stranded microRNA, miR-495-3p, in the sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity using a mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line (HT22). METHODS The levels of miR-495-3p in sevoflurane-exposed mice and HT22 cells were determined via RT-qPCR. The role of miR-495-3p on cell viability and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometric assay, respectively. Western blotting was explored to measure levels of Bax, Bcl-2, active caspase 3, BDNF, p-ERK/ERK and p-CREB/CREB in HT22 cells. ELISA assay was used to examine the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the interaction of miR-495-3p and BDNF. RESULTS The level of miR-495-3p was increased sevoflurane-exposed mice and in sevoflurane-treated HT22 cells. Downregulation of miR-495-3p inhibited sevoflurane-induced apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation by upregulating the proteins of Bcl-2 and downregulating the expressions of Bax and active caspase-3 in HT22 cells. In addition, inhibition of miR-495-3p alleviated sevoflurane-induced oxidative injuries in HT22 cells via decline of ROS and upregulation of SOD and GPX. MiR-495-3p can inhibit the ERK/CREB pathway by targeting BDNF. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-495-3p can decrease oxidative status in HT22 cells and alleviate sevoflurane-induced cytotoxicity through stimulating the BDNF/ERK/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Chongyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Xia Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Xingwu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen University, 47 Shangteng Road, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
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Campbell WA, Tangeman A, El-Hodiri HM, Hawthorn EC, Hathoot M, Blum S, Hoang T, Blackshaw S, Fischer AJ. Fatty acid-binding proteins and fatty acid synthase influence glial reactivity and promote the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the chick retina. Development 2022; 149:274285. [PMID: 35132991 PMCID: PMC8959147 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A recent comparative transcriptomic study of Müller glia (MG) in vertebrate retinas revealed that fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are among the most highly expressed genes in chick ( Hoang et al., 2020). Here, we investigate how FABPs and fatty acid synthase (FASN) influence glial cells in the chick retina. During development, FABP7 is highly expressed by retinal progenitor cells and maturing MG, whereas FABP5 is upregulated in maturing MG. PMP2 (FABP8) is expressed by oligodendrocytes and FABP5 is expressed by non-astrocytic inner retinal glial cells, and both of these FABPs are upregulated by activated MG. In addition to suppressing the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs), we find that FABP-inhibition suppresses the proliferation of microglia. FABP-inhibition induces distinct changes in single cell transcriptomic profiles, indicating transitions of MG from resting to reactive states and suppressed MGPC formation, with upregulation of gene modules for gliogenesis and decreases in neurogenesis. FASN-inhibition increases the proliferation of microglia and suppresses the formation of MGPCs. We conclude that fatty acid metabolism and cell signaling involving fatty acids are important in regulating the reactivity and dedifferentiation of MG, and the proliferation of microglia and MGPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Campbell
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Allen Tangeman
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Heithem M El-Hodiri
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Evan C Hawthorn
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maddie Hathoot
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sydney Blum
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thanh Hoang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zhang X, Xu Y, Ma L, Yu K, Niu Y, Xu X, Shi Y, Guo S, Xue X, Wang Y, Qiu S, Cui J, Wang H, Tian X, Miao Y, Meng F, Qiao Y, Yu Y, Wang J. Essential roles of exosome and circRNA_101093 on ferroptosis desensitization in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:287-313. [PMID: 35184419 PMCID: PMC9017758 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to ferroptosis, a regulated cell death caused by iron‐dependent excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides, has recently been linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Intracellular antioxidant systems are required for protection against ferroptosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether and how extracellular system desensitizes LUAD cells to ferroptosis. Methods Established human lung fibroblasts MRC‐5, WI38, and human LUAD H1650, PC9, H1975, H358, A549, and H1299 cell lines, tumor and matched normal adjacent tissues of LUAD, and plasma from healthy individuals and LUAD patients were used in this study. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to analyze protein expression, and quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression. Cell viability, cell death, and the lipid reactive oxygen species generation were measured to evaluate the responses to ferroptosis. Exosomes were observed using transmission electron microscope. The localization of arachidonic acid (AA) was detected using click chemistry labeling followed by confocal microscopy. Interactions between RNAs and proteins were detected using RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation and photoactivatable ribonucleoside‐enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation methods. Proteomic analysis was used to investigate RNA‐regulated proteins, and metabolomic analysis was performed to analyze metabolites. Cell‐derived xenograft, patient‐derived xenograft, cell‐implanted intrapulmonary LUAD mouse models and plasma/tissue specimens from LUAD patients were used to validate the molecular mechanism. Results Plasma exosome from LUAD patients specifically reduced lipid peroxidation and desensitized LUAD cells to ferroptosis. A potential explanation is that exosomal circRNA_101093 (cir93) maintained an elevation in intracellular cir93 in LUAD to modulate AA, a poly‐unsaturated fatty acid critical for ferroptosis‐associated increased peroxidation in the plasma membrane. Mechanistically, cir93 interacted with and increased fatty acid‐binding protein 3 (FABP3), which transported AA and facilitated its reaction with taurine. Thus, global AA was reduced, whereas N‐arachidonoyl taurine (NAT, the product of AA and taurine) was induced. Notably, the role of NAT in suppressing AA incorporation into the plasma membrane was also revealed. In pre‐clinical in vivo models, reducing exosome improved ferroptosis‐based treatment. Conclusion Exosome and cir93 are essential for desensitizing LUAD cells to ferroptosis, and blocking exosome may be helpful for future LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Keke Yu
- Department of Bio‐bank Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Niu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200071 P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Bio‐X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric disorder Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Susu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai 200072 P. R. China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Yongxia Qiao
- School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
- Bio‐X Institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric disorder Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 P. R. China
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Zhou L, Xiong JY, Chai YQ, Huang L, Tang ZY, Zhang XF, Liu B, Zhang JT. Possible antidepressant mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids acting on the central nervous system. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933704. [PMID: 36117650 PMCID: PMC9473681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can play important roles in maintaining mental health and resistance to stress, and omega-3 PUFAs supplementation can display beneficial effects on both the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, accumulated evidence indicates that omega-3 PUFAs can exhibit pleiotropic effects on the neural structure and function. Thus, they play fundamental roles in brain activities involved in the mood regulation. Since depressive symptoms have been assumed to be of central origin, this review aims to summarize the recently published studies to identify the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of omega-3 PUFAs. These include that of (1) anti-neuroinflammatory; (2) hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; (3) anti-oxidative stress; (4) anti-neurodegeneration; (5) neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity; and (6) modulation of neurotransmitter systems. Despite many lines of evidence have hinted that these mechanisms may co-exist and work in concert to produce anti-depressive effects, the potentially multiple sites of action of omega-3 PUFAs need to be fully established. We also discussed the limitations of current studies and suggest future directions for preclinical and translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zhou
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yao Xiong
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qian Chai
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yang Tang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhang
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Effect of sildenafil on neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity pathways in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106581. [PMID: 32442900 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal damage. Cognitive changes are common in individuals with MS since inflammatory molecules secreted by microglia interfere with the physiological mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. According to previous data, inhibition of PDE5 promotes the accumulation of cGMP, which inhibits neuroinflammation and seems to improve synaptic plasticity and memory. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sildenafil on the signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). C57BL/6 mice were divided into three experimental groups (n = 10/group): (a) Control; (b) EAE; (c) EAE + sild (25 mg/kg/21 days). Sildenafil was able to delay the onset and attenuate the severity of the clinical symptoms of EAE. The drug also reduced the infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes and their respective IL-17 and TNF-α cytokines. Moreover, sildenafil reduced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus (assessed by the reduction of inflammatory markers IL-1β, pIKBα and pNFkB and reactive gliosis, as well as elevating the inhibitory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10). Moreover, sildenafil induced increased levels of NeuN, BDNF and pCREB, protein kinases (PKA, PKG, and pERK) and synaptophysin, and modulated the expression of the glutamate receptors AMPA and NMDA. The present findings demonstrated that sildenafil has therapeutic potential for cognitive deficit associated with multiple sclerosis.
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Syal C, Kosaraju J, Hamilton L, Aumont A, Chu A, Sarma SN, Thomas J, Seegobin M, Dilworth FJ, He L, Wondisford FE, Zimmermann R, Parent M, Fernandes K, Wang J. Dysregulated expression of monoacylglycerol lipase is a marker for anti-diabetic drug metformin-targeted therapy to correct impaired neurogenesis and spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:6337-6360. [PMID: 32483456 PMCID: PMC7255032 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Monoacylglycerol lipase (Mgll), a hydrolase that breaks down the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) to produce arachidonic acid (ARA), is a potential target for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing evidence shows that impairment of adult neurogenesis by perturbed lipid metabolism predisposes patients to AD. However, it remains unknown what causes aberrant expression of Mgll in AD and how Mgll-regulated lipid metabolism impacts adult neurogenesis, thus predisposing to AD during aging. Here, we identify Mgll as an aging-induced factor that impairs adult neurogenesis and spatial memory in AD, and show that metformin, an FDA-approved anti-diabetic drug, can reduce the expression of Mgll to reverse impaired adult neurogenesis, prevent spatial memory decline and reduce β-amyloid accumulation. Methods: Mgll expression was assessed in both human AD patient post-mortem hippocampal tissues and 3xTg-AD mouse model. In addition, we used both the 3xTg-AD animal model and the CbpS436A genetic knock-in mouse model to identify that elevated Mgll expression is caused by the attenuation of the aPKC-CBP pathway, involving atypical protein kinase C (aPKC)-stimulated Ser436 phosphorylation of histone acetyltransferase CBP through biochemical methods. Furthermore, we performed in vivo adult neurogenesis assay with BrdU/EdU labelling and Morris water maze task in both animal models following pharmacological treatments to show the key role of Mgll in metformin-corrected neurogenesis and spatial memory deficits of AD through reactivating the aPKC-CBP pathway. Finally, we performed in vitro adult neurosphere assays using both animal models to study the role of the aPKC-CBP mediated Mgll repression in determining adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) fate. Results: Here, we demonstrate that aging-dependent induction of Mgll is observed in the 3xTg-AD model and human AD patient post-mortem hippocampal tissues. Importantly, we discover that elevated Mgll expression is caused by the attenuation of the aPKC-CBP pathway. The accumulation of Mgll in the 3xTg-AD mice reduces the genesis of newborn neurons and perturbs spatial memory. However, we find that metformin-stimulated aPKC-CBP pathway decreases Mgll expression to recover these deficits in 3xTg-AD. In addition, we reveal that elevated Mgll levels in cultured adult NPCs from both 3xTg-AD and CbpS436A animal models are responsible for their NPC neuronal differentiation deficits. Conclusion: Our findings set the stage for development of a clinical protocol where Mgll would serve as a biomarker in early stages of AD to identify potential metformin-responsive AD patients to restore their neurogenesis and spatial memory.
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11
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Parets S, Irigoyen Á, Ordinas M, Cabot J, Miralles M, Arbona L, Péter M, Balogh G, Fernández-García P, Busquets X, Lladó V, Escribá PV, Torres M. 2-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Converted Into Heneicosapentaenoic Acid via α-Oxidation: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:164. [PMID: 32292781 PMCID: PMC7122748 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with as yet no efficient therapies, the pathophysiology of which is still largely unclear. Many drugs and therapies have been designed and developed in the past decade to stop or slow down this neurodegenerative process, although none has successfully terminated a phase-III clinical trial in humans. Most therapies have been inspired by the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which has more recently come under question due to the almost complete failure of clinical trials of anti-amyloid/tau therapies to date. To shift the perspective for the design of new AD therapies, membrane lipid therapy has been tested, which assumes that brain lipid alterations lie upstream in the pathophysiology of AD. A hydroxylated derivative of docosahexaenoic acid was used, 2-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-H), which has been tested in a number of animal models and has shown efficacy against hallmarks of AD pathology. Here, for the first time, DHA-H is shown to undergo α-oxidation to generate the heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5, n-3) metabolite, an odd-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that accumulates in cell cultures, mouse blood plasma and brain tissue upon DHA-H treatment, reaching higher concentrations than those of DHA-H itself. Interestingly, DHA-H does not share metabolic routes with its natural analog DHA (C22:6, n-3) but rather, DHA-H and DHA accumulate distinctly, both having different effects on cell fatty acid composition. This is partly explained because DHA-H α-hydroxyl group provokes steric hindrance on fatty acid carbon 1, which in turn leads to diminished incorporation into cell lipids and accumulation as free fatty acid in cell membranes. Finally, DHA-H administration to mice elevated the brain HPA levels, which was directly and positively correlated with cognitive spatial scores in AD mice, apparently in the absence of DHA-H and without any significant change in brain DHA levels. Thus, the evidence presented in this work suggest that the metabolic conversion of DHA-H into HPA could represent a key event in the therapeutic effects of DHA-H against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Parets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ángel Irigoyen
- Instrumental Techniques Laboratory, DDUNAV-Drug Development Unit-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Ordinas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan Cabot
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marc Miralles
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Laura Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mária Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences and Neurology, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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12
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Guelfi G, Casano AB, Menchetti L, Bellicci M, Suvieri C, Moscati L, Carotenuto P, Santoro MM, Diverio S. A cross-talk between blood-cell neuroplasticity-related genes and environmental enrichment in working dogs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6910. [PMID: 31061480 PMCID: PMC6502844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify a panel of blood-cell neuroplasticity-related genes expressed following environmental enrichment stimulation (EE). The Drug detection (DD) training course was an excellent model for the study of EE in the working dog. This research is divided into two experimental trials. In the First Trial, we identified a panel of blood-cell neuroplasticity related-genes associated with DD ability acquired during the training course. In the Second Trial, we assessed the EE additional factor complementary feeding effect on blood-cell neuroplasticity gene expressions. In the First and Second Trials, at different time points of the DD test, blood samples were collected, and NGF, BDNF, VEGFA, IGF1, EGR1, NGFR, and ICE2 blood-cell neuroplasticity related-genes were analyzed. As noted in the First Trial, the DD test in working dogs induced the transient up-regulation of VEGFA, NGF, NGFR, BDNF, and IGF, immediately after the DD test, suggesting the existence of gene regulations. On the contrary, the Second Trial, with feeding implementation, showed an absence of mRNA up-regulation after the DD test. We suppose that complementary feeding alters the systemic metabolism, which, in turn, changes neuroplasticity-related gene blood-cell mRNA. These findings suggested that, in working dogs, there is a cross-talk between blood-cell neuroplasticity-related genes and environmental enrichment. These outcomes could be used to improve future treatments in sensory implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guelfi
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - A B Casano
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Menchetti
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Bellicci
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Suvieri
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institution of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Loc. S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Moscati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Carotenuto
- Guardia di Finanza, Centro Addestramento e Allevamento Cani, Via Lungolago 46, 06061, Castiglione Del Lago, PG, Italy
| | - M M Santoro
- Guardia di Finanza, Centro Addestramento e Allevamento Cani, Via Lungolago 46, 06061, Castiglione Del Lago, PG, Italy
| | - S Diverio
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy.
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13
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Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Giménez E, Toscani AM. Fatty Acid Signaling Mechanisms in Neural Cells: Fatty Acid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:162. [PMID: 31105530 PMCID: PMC6491900 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids’ synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types. FAs can serve as secondary messengers, as well as modulators of enzymatic activities and substrates for cytokines synthesis. More recently, it has been documented a direct activity of free FAs as ligands of membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear receptors, and cumulative evidence has emerged, demonstrating its participation in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. It has been long known that the central nervous system is enriched with poly-unsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic (C20:4ω-6) or docosohexaenoic (C22:6ω-3) acids. These lipids participate in the regulation of membrane fluidity, axonal growth, development, memory, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, a whole family of low molecular weight compounds derived from FAs has also gained special attention as the natural ligands for cannabinoid receptors or key cytokines involved in inflammation, largely expanding the role of FAs as precursors of signaling molecules. Nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid signaling have been associated with developmental and cognitive problems, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism behind these effects still remains elusive. But in the last two decades, different families of proteins have been characterized as receptors mediating FAs signaling. This review focuses on different receptors sensing and transducing free FAs signals in neural cells: (1) membrane receptors of the family of G Protein Coupled Receptors known as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs); (2) cytosolic transport Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs); and (3) transcription factors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). We discuss how these proteins modulate and mediate direct regulatory functions of free FAs in neural cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of evaluating them as potential targets for drug design in order to manipulate lipid signaling. A thorough characterization of lipid receptors of the nervous system could provide a framework for a better understanding of their roles in neurophysiology and, potentially, help for the development of novel drugs against aging and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Jorge Falomir-Lockhart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gian Franco Cavazzutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Toscani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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14
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Gao X, Guo M, Meng D, Sun F, Guan L, Cui Y, Zhao Y, Wang X, Gu X, Sun J, Qi S. Silencing MicroRNA-134 Alleviates Hippocampal Damage and Occurrence of Spontaneous Seizures After Intraventricular Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31031600 PMCID: PMC6473087 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder of abnormal brain activity typified by spontaneous and recurrent seizures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, critical for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNA dysregulation has previously been implicated in the induction of epilepsy. In this study, we examined the effect of silencing miR-134 against status epilepticus (SE). Our results showed that level of miR-134 was significantly up-regulated in rat brain after Kainic acid (KA)-induced SE. TUNEL staining showed that silencing miR-134 alleviated seizure-induced neuronal apoptosis in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Western blot showed that a miR-134 antagonist suppressed lesion-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis related expression of CHOP, Bim and Cytochrome C, while facilitated the expression of CREB at 24 h post KA-induced lesion in the hippocampus. Consistently, silencing miR-134 significantly diminished loss of CA3 pyramidal neurons using Nissl staining as well as reducing aberrant mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in a rat epileptic model. In addition, the results of EEG and behavior analyses showed seizures were alleviated by miR-134 antagonist in our experimental models. These results suggest that silencing miR-134 modulates the epileptic phenotype by upregulating its target gene, CREB. This in turn attenuates oxidative and ER stress, inhibits apoptosis, and decreases MFS long term. This indicates that silencing miR-134 might be a promising intervention for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dawei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feixiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianyue Guan
- Department of Hepatobilary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sihua Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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15
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen Y, Chang D, Zhang X, Chang T, Wang Q, Liu T, Gao L. Molecular mechanisms of the sedation and analgesia induced by xylazine on Wistar rats and PC12 cell. Exp Anim 2019; 68:351-360. [PMID: 30956255 PMCID: PMC6699970 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In veterinary clinics, xylazine is commonly used as a sedative, analgesic agent that produces muscle relaxation. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of action of xylazine both in vivo and in vitro. After determing the optimal dose of xylazine, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=5 per group), including a control group (saline) and xylazine administration groups. Then, at six time points after xylazine administration indicators were evaluated for changes. Moreover, PC12 cells were co-cultured with xylazine, and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) siRNA and protein kinase A (PKA) siRNA were transfected into cells to identify changes of relevant indicators. Our data showed that xylazine influenced the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and regulated the expression of GluR1, ERK, PKA, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the nervous system. However, xylazine did not significantly affect the expression of GluR2 and protein kinase C (PKC). Together, these results indicated that xylazine might exert sedation and analgesia by regulating the PKA/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenhan Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Daiyue Chang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tian Chang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
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16
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Feng H, Wang C, He W, Wu X, Li S, Zeng Z, Wei M, He B. Roflumilast ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:583-591. [PMID: 30610438 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors can prevent the breakdown of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and improve cognitive performances in several animal models of cognition. However, the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors has been seriously hampered by severe side effects, such as vomiting and nausea. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of roflumilast, an FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitor for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), on learning and memory abilities in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP/PS1 transgenic mice received 3 intragastric doses of roflumilast (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks followed by behavioral tests. Chronic administration of roflumilast significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the novel object recognition task, Morris water maze, and the step-down passive avoidance task. In addition, roflumilast increased the cAMP, phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-a and IL-1β) levels in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that roflumilast can enhance cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which may be related to its stimulation of the cAMP/CREB/BDNF pathway and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huancun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjun Wu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Shujie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenkun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Meidan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Nagib MM, Tadros MG, Rahmo RM, Sabri NA, Khalifa AE, Masoud SI. Ameliorative Effects of α-Tocopherol and/or Coenzyme Q10 on Phenytoin-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Role of VEGF and BDNF-TrkB-CREB Pathway. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:451-462. [PMID: 30374909 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenytoin is one of the most well-known antiepileptic drugs that cause cognitive impairment which is closely related to cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial growth factor, has a documented role in neurogenesis and neuronal survival and cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of powerful antioxidants: α-Toc and CoQ10 alone or combined in the preservation of brain tissues and the maintenance of memory formation in phenytoin-induced cognitive impairment in rats. The following behavioral test novel object recognition and elevated plus maze were assessed after 14 days of treatment. Moreover, VEGF, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB gene expression levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were estimated using RT-PCR. Both α-Toc and CoQ10 alone or combined with phenytoin showed improvement in behavioral tests compared to phenytoin. Mechanistically, α-Toc and/or CoQ10 decreases the VEGF mRNA expression, while increases BDNF-TrKB-CREB mRNA levels in hippocampus and cortex of phenytoin-treated rats. Collectively, α-Toc and/or CoQ10 alleviated the phenytoin-induced cognitive impairment through suppressing oxidative damage. The underlying molecular mechanism of the treating compounds is related to the VEGF and enhancing BDNF-TrkB-CREB signaling pathway. Our study indicated the usefulness α-Toc or CoQ10 as an adjuvant to antiepileptic drugs with an advantage of preventing cognitive impairment and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Nagib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, KM 28 Cairo - Ismailia Road Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, KM 28 Cairo - Ismailia Road Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani E Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University seconded to 57357 Children Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Masoud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Ren Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Wei X, Zeng S, Zheng Y, Gao C, Liu H. Activation of the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Preventing Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:747-759. [PMID: 30598514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been shown to negatively regulate inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in cerebral ischemic injury remains unclear. Using an in vivo model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), we investigated the potential role and molecular mechanisms of GPR120 in focal cerebral ischemic injury. Increased GPR120 expression was observed in microglia and neurons following MCAO-induced ischemia in wild type C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibited OGD-induced inflammatory response in primary microglia and murine microglial BV2 cells, whereas silencing of GPR120 strongly exacerbated the inflammation induced by OGD and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited OGD-induced inflammation through GPR120 interacting with β-arrestin2. In addition to its anti-inflammatory function, GPR120 also played a role in apoptosis as its knockdown impaired the antiapoptotic effect of DHA in OGD-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Finally, using MCAO mouse model, we demonstrated that GPR120 activation protected against focal cerebral ischemic injury by preventing inflammation and apoptosis. Our study indicated that pharmacological targeting of GPR120 may provide a novel approach for the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xinbing Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shenglan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; and.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; .,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; and.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China;
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19
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Lu C, Wang Y, Xu T, Li Q, Wang D, Zhang L, Fan B, Wang F, Liu X. Genistein Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice Through the Regulation of the Cholinergic Neurotransmission, Antioxidant System and the ERK/CREB/BDNF Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1153. [PMID: 30369882 PMCID: PMC6194227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GE) was reported to exert a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, and cardio-protective effects. In addition, both clinical and preclinical studies have recently suggested GE a potential neuroprotective and memory-enhancing drug against neurodegenerative diseases. The animal model of scopolamine (Scop)-induced amnesia is widely used to study underlying mechanisms and treatment of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is no report about the effects of GE on Scop-induced amnesia in mice. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial effects and potential mechanism of GE against Scop-induced deficits in mice. The mice were orally pretreated with either GE (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) or donepezil (1.60 mg/kg) for 14 days. After the pretreatment, the open field test was conducted to assess the effect of GE on the locomotor activity of mice. Thereafter, mice were daily injected with Scop (0.75 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce memory deficits and subjected to the cognitive behavioral tests including the Object Location Recognition (OLR) experiment and Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. After the behavioral tests, biochemical parameter assay and western blot analysis were used to examine the underlying mechanisms of its action. The results showed that GE administration significantly improved the cognitive performance of Scop-treated mice in OLR and Morris water maze tests, exerting the memory-enhancing effects. Additionally, GE remarkably promoted the cholinergic neurotransmission and protected against the oxidative stress damage in the hippocampus of Scop-treated mice, as indicated by decreasing AChE activity, elevating ChAT activity and Ach level, increasing SOD activity, lowering the level of MDA and increasing GSH content. Furthermore, GE was found to significantly upregulate the expression levels of p-ERK, p-CREB and BDNF proteins in the hippocampus of Scop-treated mice. Taken together, these results for the first time found that GE exerts cognitive-improving effects in Scop-induced amnesia and suggested it may be a potential candidate compound for the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Zhang W, Chen R, Yang T, Xu N, Chen J, Gao Y, Stetler RA. Fatty acid transporting proteins: Roles in brain development, aging, and stroke. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:35-45. [PMID: 28457600 PMCID: PMC5650946 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are required for the brain development and significantly impact aging and stroke. Due to the hydrophobicity of fatty acids, fatty acids transportation related proteins that include fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), long chain acyl-coA synthase (ACS), fatty acid transportation proteins (FATPs), fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) and newly reported major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein (Mfsd2a) play critical roles in the uptake of various fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are not only involved in neurodevelopment, but also have great impact on neurological disease, such as aging related dementia and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - R Anne Stetler
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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21
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Xu K, Liu Z, Wang L, Wu G, Liu T. Influence of hippocampal low-frequency stimulation on GABA A R α1, ICER and BNDF expression level in brain tissues of amygdala-kindled drug-resistant temporal lobe epileptic rats. Brain Res 2018; 1698:195-203. [PMID: 30118718 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic effect of hippocampal low-frequency stimulation (Hip-LFS) and its influence on the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor α1 subunit (GABAA R α1 subunit), inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BNDF). The model of epilepsy was induced by chronic electrical stimulation in amygdala. Drug-resistant and drug-sensitive epileptic rats were selected by testing their seizure response to phenytoin and phenobarbital. The changes of GABAA R α1 subunit, ICER and BDNF expression were detected via immunohistochemistry and western blot. The expression levels of ICER and BDNF were increased remarkably but the GABAA R α1 subunit decreased significantly in the drug-resistant epileptic rats. However, the expression levels of ICER, BDNF were decreased and the expression of the GABAA R α1 subunit increased significantly in the drug-resistant epileptic rats after two weeks of Hip-LFS. Meanwhile, the seizure degree was reduced and the electroencephalograms were improved. The present study demonstrated thatincreased ICER and BDNF might be associated with the development of drug-resistance. The effect of Hip-LFS in the treatment of drug-resistant epileptic rats might be associated with increasing the levels of the ICER and the BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang City, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang City, PR China
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang City, PR China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, Guiyang City, PR China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Guizhou Province Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang City, PR China.
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22
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Das M, Das S. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Induced Morphological Differentiation of Astrocytes Is Associated with Transcriptional Upregulation and Endocytosis of β 2-AR. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2685-2702. [PMID: 30054857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important ω-3 fatty acid, is abundantly present in the central nervous system and is important in every step of brain development. Much of this knowledge has been based on studies of the role of DHA in the function of the neurons, and reports on its effect on the glial cells are few and far between. We have previously reported that DHA facilitates astrocyte differentiation in primary culture. We have further explored the signaling mechanism associated with this event. It was observed that a sustained activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) appeared to be critical for DHA-induced differentiation of the cultured astrocytes. Prior exposure to different endocytic inhibitors blocked both ERK activation and differentiation of the astrocytes during DHA treatment suggesting that the observed induction of ERK-2 was purely endosomal. Unlike the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) antagonist, atenolol, pre-treatment of the cells with the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) antagonist, ICI-118,551 inhibited the DHA-induced differentiation process, indicating a downstream involvement of β2-AR in the differentiation process. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated a significant induction in the mRNA and protein expression of β2-AR at 18-24 h of DHA treatment, suggesting that the induction of β2-AR may be due to transcriptional upregulation. Moreover, DHA caused activation of PKA at 6 h, followed by activation of downstream cAMP response element-binding protein, a known transcription factor for β2-AR. Altogether, the observations suggest that DHA upregulates β2-AR in astrocytes, which undergo endocytosis and signals for sustained endosomal ERK activation to drive the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitreyi Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sumantra Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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23
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Layé S, Nadjar A, Joffre C, Bazinet RP. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:12-38. [PMID: 29217656 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were largely thought to be relatively inert structural components of brain, largely important for the formation of cellular membranes. Over the past 10 years, a host of bioactive lipid mediators that are enzymatically derived from arachidonic acid, the main n-6 PUFA, and docosahexaenoic acid, the main n-3 PUFA in the brain, known to regulate peripheral immune function, have been detected in the brain and shown to regulate microglia activation. Recent advances have focused on how PUFA regulate the molecular signaling of microglia, especially in the context of neuroinflammation and behavior. Several active drugs regulate brain lipid signaling and provide proof of concept for targeting the brain. Because brain lipid metabolism relies on a complex integration of diet, peripheral metabolism, including the liver and blood, which supply the brain with PUFAs that can be altered by genetics, sex, and aging, there are many pathways that can be disrupted, leading to altered brain lipid homeostasis. Brain lipid signaling pathways are altered in neurologic disorders and may be viable targets for the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we discuss in particular how n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites regulate microglia phenotype and function to exert their anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layé
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
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24
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Jiang T, Wang XQ, Ding C, Du XL. Genistein attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and improves impaired spatial learning and memory by regulating cAMP/CREB and BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt signaling. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:579-589. [PMID: 29200900 PMCID: PMC5709474 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anesthetics are used extensively in surgeries and related procedures to prevent pain. However, there is some concern regarding neuronal degeneration and cognitive deficits arising from regular anesthetic exposure. Recent studies have indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are involved in learning and memory processes. Genistein, a plant-derived isoflavone, has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects. The present study was performed to examine the protective effect of genistein against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neonatal rats were exposed to isoflurane (0.75%, 6 hours) on postnatal day 7 (P7). Separate groups of rat pups were orally administered genistein at doses of 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg body weight from P3 to P15 and then exposed to isoflurane anesthesia on P7. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and FluoroJade B staining following isoflurane exposure. Genistein significantly reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus, reduced the expression of proapoptotic factors (Bad, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3), and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. RT-PCR analysis revealed enhanced BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels. Genistein effectively upregulated cAMP levels and phosphorylation of CREB and TrkB, leading to activation of cAMP/CREB-BDNF-TrkB signaling. PI3K/Akt signaling was also significantly activated. Genistein administration improved general behavior and enhanced learning and memory in the rats. These observations suggest that genistein exerts neuroprotective effects by suppressing isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and by activating cAMP/CREB-BDNF-TrkB-PI3/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuan Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Lian Du
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
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25
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Rossi M, Spichty M, Attorri L, Distante C, Nervi C, Salvati S, Vitelli L. Eicosapentaenoic acid modulates the synergistic action of CREB1 and ID/E2A family members in the rat pup brain and mouse embryonic stem cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:870-884. [PMID: 28666847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may exert neuroprotective effects through an "EPA-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)" signaling pathway. The current study reveals that EPA modulates the exquisite interplay of interaction of CREB1 with the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) and E2A family members, thereby delivering mechanistic insights into specific neural differentiation program. In this scenario, our work provides evidence for the capability of CREB1 to sequester ID:E2A family members in brain tissues and neural differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) through formation of a [CREB1]2:ID2:E47 tetrameric complex.In essence, the molecular function of CREB1 is to dynamically regulate the location-specific assembly or disassembly of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH):HLH protein complexes to mediate the activation of neural/glial target genes. Together, these findings support the one-to-many binding mechanism of CREB1 and indicate that EPA treatment potentiates the integration of CREB dependent signaling with HLH/bHLH transcriptional network, adding specificity to the CREB1-mediated gene regulation during neural/glial differentiation. Our current research on the EPA-CREB axis could reveal new molecular targets for treating neurogenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Spichty
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Lyon University, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 allée d'Italie, Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lucilla Attorri
- Department of Public Veterinary Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Distante
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Serafina Salvati
- Department of Public Veterinary Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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26
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Ding ML, Ma H, Man YG, Lv HY. Protective effects of a green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, against sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis involve regulation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways in neonatal mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1396-1405. [PMID: 28679060 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, is an effective antioxidant and possesses neuroprotective effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are crucial for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective effects of EGCG against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal mice. Distinct groups of C57BL/6 mice were given EGCG (25, 50, or 75 mg/kg body weight) from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P21 and were subjected to sevoflurane (3%; 6 h) exposure on P7. EGCG significantly inhibited sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis as determined by Fluoro-Jade B staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, downregulated Bad and Bax, and significantly enhanced Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, xIAP, c-IAP-1, and survivin expression were observed. EGCG induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway as evidenced by increased Akt, phospho-Akt, GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β, and mTORc1 levels. Sevoflurane-mediated downregulation of cAMP/CREB and BDNF/TrkB signalling was inhibited by EGCG. Reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed enhanced BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels upon EGCG administration. Improved performance of mice in Morris water maze tests suggested enhanced learning and memory. The study indicates that EGCG was able to effectively inhibit sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and improve learning and memory retention of mice via activation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB-PI3K/Akt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Ding
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Hui Ma
- b Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Yi-Gang Man
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lv
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
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27
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Barros AS, Crispim RYG, Cavalcanti JU, Souza RB, Lemos JC, Cristino Filho G, Bezerra MM, Pinheiro TFM, de Vasconcelos SMM, Macêdo DS, de Barros Viana GS, Aguiar LMV. Impact of the Chronic Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Hemiparkinsonism Model Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:523-531. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Basto Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Federal University of Ceará; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
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28
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Naudí A, Cabré R, Dominguez-Gonzalez M, Ayala V, Jové M, Mota-Martorell N, Piñol-Ripoll G, Gil-Villar MP, Rué M, Portero-Otín M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R. Region-specific vulnerability to lipid peroxidation and evidence of neuronal mechanisms for polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the healthy adult human central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:485-495. [PMID: 28185952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipids played a determinant role in the evolution of the brain. It is postulated that the morphological and functional diversity among neural cells of the human central nervous system (CNS) is projected and achieved through the expression of particular lipid profiles. The present study was designed to evaluate the differential vulnerability to oxidative stress mediated by lipids through a cross-regional comparative approach. To this end, we compared 12 different regions of CNS of healthy adult subjects, and the fatty acid profile and vulnerability to lipid peroxidation, were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), respectively. In addition, different components involved in PUFA biosynthesis, as well as adaptive defense mechanisms against lipid peroxidation, were also measured by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We found that: i) four fatty acids (18.1n-9, 22:6n-3, 20:1n-9, and 18:0) are significant discriminators among CNS regions; ii) these differential fatty acid profiles generate a differential selective neural vulnerability (expressed by the peroxidizability index); iii) the cross-regional differences for the fatty acid profiles follow a caudal-cranial gradient which is directly related to changes in the biosynthesis pathways which can be ascribed to neuronal cells; and iv) the higher the peroxidizability index for a given human brain region, the lower concentration of the protein damage markers, likely supported by the presence of adaptive antioxidant mechanisms. In conclusion, our results suggest that there is a region-specific vulnerability to lipid peroxidation and offer evidence of neuronal mechanisms for polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the human central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Naudí
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosanna Cabré
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Mayelin Dominguez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, E-08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Ayala
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Montserrat Rué
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, E-08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), E-25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Aizawa F, Nishinaka T, Yamashita T, Nakamoto K, Kurihara T, Hirasawa A, Kasuya F, Miyata A, Tokuyama S. GPR40/FFAR1 deficient mice increase noradrenaline levels in the brain and exhibit abnormal behavior. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:249-254. [PMID: 27979701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40/FFAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor, which is activated by long chain fatty acids. We have previously demonstrated that activation of brain GPR40/FFAR1 exerts an antinociceptive effect that is mediated by the modulation of the descending pain control system. However, it is unclear whether brain GPR40/FFAR1 contributes to emotional function. In this study, we investigated the involvement of GPR40/FFAR1 in emotional behavior using GPR40/FFAR1 deficient (knockout, KO) mice. The emotional behavior in wild and KO male mice was evaluated at 9-10 weeks of age by the elevated plus-maze test, open field test, social interaction test, and sucrose preference test. Brain monoamines levels were measured using LC-MS/MS. The elevated plus-maze test and open field tests revealed that the KO mice reduced anxiety-like behavior. There were no differences in locomotor activity or social behavior between the wild and KO mice. In the sucrose preference test, the KO mice showed reduction in sucrose preference and intake. The level of noradrenaline was higher in the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus and midbrain of KO mice. Therefore, these results suggest that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is associated with anxiety- and depression-related behavior regulated by the increment of noradrenaline in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Atsuro Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
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Mao X, Hao S, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Wu W, Xu F, Liu B. Procyanidins protects against oxidative damage and cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 29:86-92. [PMID: 25279568 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.968621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is the principal factor in traumatic brain injury (TBI) that initiates the events that result in protracted neuronal dysfunction and remodeling. Importantly, antioxidants can protect the brain against oxidative damage and modulate the capacity of the brain to cope with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. RESEARCH DESIGN To date, however, no studies have investigated the effects of procyanidins (PC) on cognitive deficits after TBI. METHODS AND PROCEDURES In the present study, rats with controlled cortical impact (CCI) were used to investigate the protective effects of procyanidins. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The results showed that procyanidins reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, treatment with procyanidins, which elevated the levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), phosphorylation-cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB), total CREB, and cyclic AMP (cAMP), improved cognitive performance in the Morris water maze after TBI. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that procyanidins appear to counteract oxidative damage and behavioral dysfunction after TBI through antioxidant activity and the up-regulation of cAMP/CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Mao
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District , Hefei, Anhui , People's Republic of China
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31
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Khan MZ, Zhuang X, He L. GPR40 receptor activation leads to CREB phosphorylation and improves cognitive performance in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 131:46-55. [PMID: 26976092 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very complex neurodegenerative disorder as neuronal loss is a prominent and initial feature of AD. This loss correlates with cognitive deficits more closely than amyloid load. GPR40 receptor belongs to the class of G-protein coupled receptors, is expressed in wide parts of the brain including the hippocampus which is involved in spatial learning and memory. Till now, there are few studies investigating the functional role of GPR40 in brain. In this study, we evaluated the functional role of GPR40 receptor in the A-beta AD mice model. Administration of Aβ1-42 (410pmol) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) once at the beginning of experiment significantly impaired cognitive performance (in step-through passive test), the ability of spatial learning and memory in (Morris water maze test), working memory, attention, anxiety in (Novel object recognition test), and spatial working and reference-memory in (Hole board discrimination test) compared with the control group. The results revealed that GPR40 receptor treatment groups significantly ameliorated model mice cognitive performance. All GPR40 receptor agonist GW9508, treatment groups enhanced the learning and memory ability in Step-through passive test, Morris water maze test, Hole board discrimination test, Novel object recognition test. Furthermore, we have observed that activation of GPR40 receptor provoked the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and significant increase in neurotropic factors including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrohin-4 (NT-4) in mouse hippocampal neurons and contribute to neurogenesis. These results suggest that GPR40 is a suitable therapeutic candidate for neurogenesis and neuroprotection in the treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xuxu Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Hu S, Cao Q, Xu P, Ji W, Wang G, Zhang Y. Rolipram stimulates angiogenesis and attenuates neuronal apoptosis through the cAMP/cAMP-responsive element binding protein pathway following ischemic stroke in rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:1005-1010. [PMID: 26998028 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, can activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) pathway to facilitate functional recovery following ischemic stroke. However, to date, the effects of rolipram on angiogenesis and cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, the aim was to reveal the effect of rolipram on the angiogenesis and neuronal apoptosis following brain cerebral ischemia. Rat models of ischemic stroke were established following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and rolipram was administered for three, seven and 14 days. The results were examined using behavioral tests, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to evaluate the effects of rolipram therapy on functional outcome, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to show the phosphorylated- (p-)CREB protein level in the ischemic hemisphere. The rolipram treatment group exhibited a marked reduction in infarct size and modified neurological severity score compared with the vehicle group, and rolipram treatment significantly promoted the microvessel density in the ischemic boundary region and increased p-CREB protein levels in the ischemic hemisphere. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was observed in the rolipram group compared with the vehicle group. These findings suggest that rolipram has the ability to attenuate cerebral ischemic injury, stimulate angiogenesis and reduce neuronal apoptosis though the cAMP/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouye Hu
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Cao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Wenchen Ji
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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33
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Phan CW, David P, Wong KH, Naidu M, Sabaratnam V. Uridine from Pleurotus giganteus and Its Neurite Outgrowth Stimulatory Effects with Underlying Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143004. [PMID: 26565787 PMCID: PMC4643974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to neuronal cell death and impairment of neurite outgrowth. An edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus was found to stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro but the chemical constituents and the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The chemical constituents of P. giganteus (linoleic acid, oleic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, and uridine) were tested for neurite outgrowth activity. Uridine (100 μM) was found to increase the percentage of neurite-bearing cells of differentiating neuroblastoma (N2a) cells by 43.1±0.5%, which was 1.8-fold higher than NGF (50 ng/mL)-treated cells. Uridine which was present in P. giganteus (1.80±0.03 g/100g mushroom extract) increased the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and protein kinase B (Akt). Further, phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was also increased. MEK/ERK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR further induced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43); all of which promoted neurite outgrowth of N2a cells. This study demonstrated that P. giganteus may enhance neurite outgrowth and one of the key bioactive molecules responsible for neurite outgrowth is uridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Phan
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Learning and Teaching, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (CWP); (VS)
| | - Pamela David
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Hui Wong
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murali Naidu
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (CWP); (VS)
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Nakamoto K, Aizawa F, Nishinaka T, Tokuyama S. Regulation of prohormone convertase 2 protein expression via GPR40/FFA1 in the hypothalamus. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:459-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ortega-Martínez S. A new perspective on the role of the CREB family of transcription factors in memory consolidation via adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:46. [PMID: 26379491 PMCID: PMC4549561 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are generated in the brains of adults. Since its discovery 50 years ago, adult neurogenesis has been widely studied in the mammalian brain and has provided a new perspective on the pathophysiology of many psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, some of which affect memory. In this regard, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which occurs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG), has been suggested to play a role in the formation and consolidation of new memories. This process involves many transcription factors, of which cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is a well-documented one. In the developing brain, CREB regulates crucial cell stages (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, and survival), and in the adult brain, it participates in neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. In addition, new evidence supports the hypothesis that CREB may also participate in learning and memory through its involvement in AHN. This review examines the CREB family of transcription factors, including the different members and known signaling pathways. It highlights the role of CREB as a modulator of AHN, which could underlie its function in memory consolidation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ortega-Martínez
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku Turku, Finland
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36
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Naudí A, Cabré R, Jové M, Ayala V, Gonzalo H, Portero-Otín M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R. Lipidomics of human brain aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 122:133-89. [PMID: 26358893 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipids stimulated and favored the evolution of the brain. Adult human brain contains a large amount of lipids, and the largest diversity of lipid classes and lipid molecular species. Lipidomics is defined as "the full characterization of lipid molecular species and of their biological roles with respect to expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and function, including gene regulation." Therefore, the study of brain lipidomics can help to unravel the diversity and to disclose the specificity of these lipid traits and its alterations in neural (neurons and glial) cells, groups of neural cells, brain, and fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, thus helping to uncover potential biomarkers of human brain aging and Alzheimer disease. This review will discuss the lipid composition of the adult human brain. We first consider a brief approach to lipid definition, classification, and tools for analysis from the new point of view that has emerged with lipidomics, and then turn to the lipid profiles in human brain and how lipids affect brain function. Finally, we focus on the current status of lipidomics findings in human brain aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurolipidomics will increase knowledge about physiological and pathological functions of brain cells and will place the concept of selective neuronal vulnerability in a lipid context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Naudí
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosanna Cabré
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Victoria Ayala
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hugo Gonzalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Biomedical Research Institute of Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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Khan MZ, He L. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids and GPR40 receptor in brain. Neuropharmacology 2015; 113:639-651. [PMID: 26005184 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are found in abundance in the nervous system. They perform significant functions for example boosting synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, inducing antinociception, stimulating gene expression and neuronal activity, preventing apoptosis and neuroinflammation. G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also called free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1), is ubiquitously expressed in various regions of the human brain including the olfactory bulb, midbrain, medulla oblongata, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and in the spinal cord. GPR40, when binding with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has shown promising therapeutic potential. This review presents current knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of GPR40 and addresses its functions in brain, with a focus on neurodevelopment & neurogenesis. Furthermore, the demonstration of GPR40 involvement in several neuropathological conditions such as apoptosis, inflammatory pain, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Although the results are encouraging, further research is needed to clarify their role in the treatment of inflammatory pain, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Lipid Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the CNS'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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38
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Dual effects of the non-esterified fatty acid receptor ‘GPR40’ for human health. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Milligan G, Alvarez-Curto E, Watterson KR, Ulven T, Hudson BD. Characterizing pharmacological ligands to study the long-chain fatty acid receptors GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3254-65. [PMID: 25131623 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptors (FFA) 1 (previously designated GPR40) and FFA4 (previously GPR120) are two GPCRs activated by saturated and unsaturated longer-chain free fatty acids. With expression patterns and functions anticipated to directly or indirectly promote insulin secretion, provide homeostatic control of blood glucose and improve tissue insulin sensitivity, both receptors are being studied as potential therapeutic targets for the control of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, genetic and systems biology studies in both humans and mouse models link FFA4 receptors to diabetes and obesity. Although activated by the same group of free fatty acids, FFA1 and FFA4 receptors are not closely related and, while the basis of recognition of fatty acids by FFA1 receptors is similar to that of the short-chain fatty acid receptors FFA2 and FFA3, the amino acid residues involved in endogenous ligand recognition by FFA4 receptors are more akin to those of the sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor S1P1 . Screening and subsequent medicinal chemistry programmes have developed a number of FFA1 receptor selective agonists that are effective in promoting insulin secretion in a glucose concentration-dependent manner, and in lowering blood glucose levels. However, the recent termination of Phase III clinical trials employing TAK-875/fasiglifam has caused a setback and raises important questions over the exact nature and mechanistic causes of the problems. Progress in the identification and development of highly FFA4 receptor-selective pharmacological tools has been less rapid and several issues remain to be clarified to fully validate this receptor as a therapeutic target. Despite this, the ongoing development of a range of novel ligands offers great opportunities to further unravel the contributions of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Milligan
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - E Alvarez-Curto
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - K R Watterson
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - T Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - B D Hudson
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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40
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Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Pena-Bello L, Manfredi-Lozano M, Tena-Sempere M, Cordido F. Perturbation of hypothalamic microRNA expression patterns in male rats after metabolic distress: impact of obesity and conditions of negative energy balance. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1838-50. [PMID: 24517225 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in body weight homeostasis through an intricate network of neuronal circuits that are under the precise regulation of peripheral hormones and central transmitters. Although deregulated function of such circuits might be a major contributing factor in obesity, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the hypothalamic control of energy balance remain partially unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as key regulators of different biological processes, including insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. However, the roles of miRNA pathways in the control of metabolism have been mostly addressed in peripheral tissues, whereas the potential deregulation of miRNA expression in the hypothalamus in conditions of metabolic distress remains as yet unexplored. In this work, we used high-throughput screening to define to what extent the hypothalamic profiles of miRNA expression are perturbed in two extreme conditions of nutritional stress in male rats, namely chronic caloric restriction and high-fat diet-induced obesity. Our analyses allowed the identification of sets of miRNAs, including let-7a, mir-9*, mir-30e, mir-132, mir-145, mir-200a, and mir-218, whose expression patterns in the hypothalamus were jointly altered by caloric restriction and/or a high-fat diet. The predicted targets of these miRNAs include several elements of key inflammatory and metabolic pathways, including insulin and leptin. Our study is the first to disclose the impact of nutritional challenges on the hypothalamic miRNA expression profiles. These data will help to characterize the molecular miRNA signature of the hypothalamus in extreme metabolic conditions and pave the way for targeted mechanistic analyses of the involvement of deregulated central miRNAs pathways in the pathogenesis of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Department of Medicine (S.S.-A., L.P.-B., F.C.), School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (S.S.-A., L.P.-B., F.C.), Xubias de Arriba, 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; Division of Endocrinology (L.P.-B., F.C.), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain; and Department of Cell Biology (M.M.-L., M.T.-S.), Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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41
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Zamarbide M, Etayo-Labiano I, Ricobaraza A, Martínez-Pinilla E, Aymerich MS, Luis Lanciego J, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Franco R. GPR40 activation leads to CREB and ERK phosphorylation in primary cultures of neurons from the mouse CNS and in human neuroblastoma cells. Hippocampus 2014; 24:733-9. [PMID: 24550142 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
GPR40, the free fatty acid receptor 1, is expressed strongly in the primate pancreas and brain. While the role of pancreatic GPR40 in glucose homeostasis has been extensively studied, the absence of this G-protein-coupled receptor from the brain of rodents has hampered studies into its role in the central nervous system. However, we found intense GPR40 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in mouse hippocampal and motor cortex neurons. Furthermore, in a neuroblastoma cell GPR40 was activated by docosahexaenoic acid and selective agonists, yet not by palmitic acid. Significantly, the activation of GPR40 provoked the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein, CREB. The receptor was also functional in primary cultures of murine neurons, in which its activation by a selective agonist produced the phosphorylation of CREB and of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, ERK1/2. These results suggest that mice represent a suitable model for elucidating the role of GPR40 in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zamarbide
- Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research-CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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42
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Nakamoto K, Nishinaka T, Sato N, Mankura M, Koyama Y, Kasuya F, Tokuyama S. Hypothalamic GPR40 signaling activated by free long chain fatty acids suppresses CFA-induced inflammatory chronic pain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81563. [PMID: 24349089 PMCID: PMC3865354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40 has been reported to be activated by long-chain fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, reports studying functional role of GPR40 in the brain are lacking. The present study focused on the relationship between pain regulation and GPR40, investigating the functional roles of hypothalamic GPR40 during chronic pain caused using a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory chronic pain mouse model. GPR40 protein expression in the hypothalamus was transiently increased at day 7, but not at days 1, 3 and 14, after CFA injection. GPR40 was co-localized with NeuN, a neuron marker, but not with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker. At day 1 after CFA injection, GFAP protein expression was markedly increased in the hypothalamus. These increases were significantly inhibited by the intracerebroventricular injection of flavopiridol (15 nmol), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, depending on the decreases in both the increment of GPR40 protein expression and the induction of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at day 7 after CFA injection. Furthermore, the level of DHA in the hypothalamus tissue was significantly increased in a flavopiridol reversible manner at day 1, but not at day 7, after CFA injection. The intracerebroventricular injection of DHA (50 µg) and GW9508 (1.0 µg), a GPR40-selective agonist, significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at day 7, but not at day 1, after CFA injection. These effects were inhibited by intracerebroventricular pretreatment with GW1100 (10 µg), a GPR40 antagonist. The protein expression of GPR40 was colocalized with that of β-endorphin and proopiomelanocortin, and a single intracerebroventricular injection of GW9508 (1.0 µg) significantly increased the number of neurons double-stained for c-Fos and proopiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Our findings suggest that hypothalamic GPR40 activated by free long chain fatty acids might have an important role in this pain control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoya Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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43
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Xiong WX, Zhou GX, Wang B, Xue ZG, Wang L, Sun HC, Ge SJ. Impaired spatial learning and memory after sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in aged rats is associated with down-regulated cAMP/CREB signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79408. [PMID: 24260214 PMCID: PMC3829840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits arising from anesthetic exposure have recently been debated, while studies have shown that the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus is critical for long-term memory. To better understand the neural effects of inhalational anesthetics, we studied the behavioral and biochemical changes in aged rats that were exposed to sevoflurane (Sev) and nitrous oxide (N2O) for 4 h. Eighteen-month-old rats were randomly assigned to receive 1.3% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide/50% oxygen or 50% oxygen for 4 h. Spatial learning and memory were tested with the Morris water maze 48 h after exposure, and the results showed that sevoflurane-nitrous oxide exposure induced a significant deficit in spatial learning acquisition and memory retention. Experiments revealed that the cAMP and pCREB levels in the dorsal hippocampus were decreased in rats with anesthetic exposure in comparison with control rats 48 h after anesthesia as well as 15 min after the probe trial, but there were no significant differences in CREB expression. Besides these, the current study also found the DG neurogenesis significantly decreased as well as neuronal loss and neuronal apoptosis increased in the hippocampus of rats exposed to Sev+N2O. The current study demonstrated that down-regulation of cAMP/CREB signaling, decrease of CREB-dependent neurogenesis and neuronal survival in the hippocampus contributed to the neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction induced by general anesthesia with sevoflurane-nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xia Xiong
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Xia Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Gang Xue
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Jin Ge
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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GW9508, a free fatty acid receptor agonist, specifically induces cell death in bone resorbing precursor cells through increased oxidative stress from mitochondrial origin. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3035-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hussain G, Schmitt F, Loeffler JP, Gonzalez de Aguilar JL. Fatting the brain: a brief of recent research. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:144. [PMID: 24058332 PMCID: PMC3766822 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are of paramount importance to all cells, since they provide energy, function as signaling molecules, and sustain structural integrity of cellular membranes. In the nervous system, where fatty acids are found in huge amounts, they participate in its development and maintenance throughout life. Growing evidence strongly indicates that fatty acids in their own right are also implicated in pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, stroke, and trauma. In this review, we focus on recent studies that demonstrate the relationships between fatty acids and function and dysfunction of the nervous system. Fatty acids stimulate gene expression and neuronal activity, boost synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, and prevent neuroinflammation and apoptosis. By doing so, they promote brain development, ameliorate cognitive functions, serve as anti-depressants and anti-convulsants, bestow protection against traumatic insults, and enhance repairing processes. On the other hand, unbalance between different fatty acid families or excess of some of them generate deleterious side effects, which limit the translatability of successful results in experimental settings into effective therapeutic strategies for humans. Despite these constraints, there exists realistic evidence to consider that nutritional therapies based on fatty acids can be of benefit to several currently incurable nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- UMR_S 1118, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France ; Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, U1118, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
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Figueroa JD, Cordero K, Llán MS, De Leon M. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve the neurolipidome and restore the DHA status while promoting functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:853-68. [PMID: 23294084 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) confer multiple health benefits and decrease the risk of neurological disorders. Studies are needed, however, to identify promising cellular targets and to assess their prophylactic value against neurodegeneration. The present study (1) examined the efficacy of a preventive diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs to reduce dysfunction in a well-established spinal cord injury (SCI) animal model and (2) used a novel metabolomics data analysis to identify potential neurolipidomic targets. Rats were fed with either control chow or chow enriched with ω-3 PUFAs (750 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks before being subjected to a sham or a contusion SCI operation. We report new evidence showing that rats subjected to SCI after being pre-treated with a diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs exhibit significantly better functional outcomes. Pre-treated animals exhibited lower sensory deficits, autonomic bladder recovery, and early improvements in locomotion that persisted for at least 8 weeks after trauma. We found that SCI triggers a robust alteration in the cord PUFA neurolipidome, which was characterized by a marked docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficiency. This DHA deficiency was associated with dysfunction and corrected with the ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet. Multivariate data analyses revealed that the spinal cord of animals consuming the ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet had a fundamentally distinct neurolipidome, particularly increasing the levels of essential and long chain ω-3 fatty acids and lysolipids at the expense of ω-6 fatty acids and its metabolites. Altogether, dietary ω-3 PUFAs prophylaxis confers resiliency to SCI mediated, at least in part, by generating a neuroprotective and restorative neurolipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Departments of Basic Sciences and Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Ridder DA, Schwaninger M. In search of the neuroprotective mechanism of thiazolidinediones in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2012; 238:133-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Moullé VSF, Cansell C, Luquet S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C. The multiple roles of fatty acid handling proteins in brain. Front Physiol 2012; 3:385. [PMID: 23060810 PMCID: PMC3460233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential components of a living organism as energy source but also as constituent of the membrane lipid bilayer. In addition fatty acid (FA) derivatives interact with many signaling pathways. FAs have amphipathic properties and therefore require being associated to protein for both transport and intracellular trafficking. Here we will focus on several FA handling proteins, among which the fatty acid translocase/CD36 (FAT/CD36), members of fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs), and lipid chaperones fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). A decade of extensive studies has helped decipher the mechanism of action of these proteins in peripheral tissue with high lipid metabolism. However, considerably less information is available regarding their role in the brain, despite the high lipid content of this tissue. This review will primarily focus on the recent studies that have highlighted the crucial role of lipid handling proteins in brain FA transport, neuronal differentiation and development, cognitive processes and brain diseases. Finally a special focus will be made on the recent studies that have revealed the role of FAT/CD36 in brain lipid sensing and nervous control of energy balance.
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