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Stukey GJ, Han GS, Carman GM. Architecture and function of yeast phosphatidate phosphatase Pah1 domains/regions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159547. [PMID: 39103045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase, which catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent dephosphorylation of PA to produce diacylglycerol, provides a direct precursor for the synthesis of the storage lipid triacylglycerol and the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The enzyme controlling the key phospholipid PA also plays a crucial role in diverse aspects of lipid metabolism and cell physiology. PA phosphatase is a peripheral membrane enzyme that is composed of multiple domains/regions required for its catalytic function and subcellular localization. In this review, we discuss the domains/regions of PA phosphatase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with reference to the homologous enzyme from mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geordan J Stukey
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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2
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Khondker S, Han GS, Carman GM. Protein kinase Hsl1 phosphorylates Pah1 to inhibit phosphatidate phosphatase activity and regulate lipid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107572. [PMID: 39009344 PMCID: PMC11342776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pah1 phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase, which catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent dephosphorylation of PA to produce diacylglycerol, plays a key role in utilizing PA for the synthesis of the neutral lipid triacylglycerol and thereby controlling the PA-derived membrane phospholipids. The enzyme function is controlled by its subcellular location as regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Pah1 is initially inactivated in the cytosol through phosphorylation by multiple protein kinases and then activated via its recruitment and dephosphorylation by the protein phosphatase Nem1-Spo7 at the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane where the PA phosphatase reaction occurs. Many of the protein kinases that phosphorylate Pah1 have yet to be characterized with the identification of the target residues. Here, we established Pah1 as a bona fide substrate of septin-associated Hsl1, a protein kinase involved in mitotic morphogenesis checkpoint signaling. The Hsl1 activity on Pah1 was dependent on reaction time and the amounts of protein kinase, Pah1, and ATP. The Hsl1 phosphorylation of Pah1 occurred on Ser-748 and Ser-773, and the phosphorylated protein exhibited a 5-fold reduction in PA phosphatase catalytic efficiency. Analysis of cells expressing the S748A and S773A mutant forms of Pah1 indicated that Hsl1-mediated phosphorylation of Pah1 promotes membrane phospholipid synthesis at the expense of triacylglycerol, and ensures the dependence of Pah1 function on the Nem1-Spo7 protein phosphatase. This work advances the understanding of how Hsl1 facilitates membrane phospholipid synthesis through the phosphorylation-mediated regulation of Pah1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoily Khondker
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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3
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Slane EG, Tambrini SJ, Cummings BS. Therapeutic potential of lipin inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116106. [PMID: 38442792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Lipins are phosphatidic acid phosphatases (PAP) that catalyze the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DAG). Three lipin isoforms have been identified: lipin-1, -2 and -3. In addition to their PAP activity, lipin-1 and -2 act as transcriptional coactivators and corepressors. Lipins have been intensely studied for their role in regulation of lipid metabolism and adipogenesis; however, lipins are hypothesized to mediate several pathologies, such as those involving metabolic diseases, neuropathy and even cognitive impairment. Recently, an emerging role for lipins have been proposed in cancer. The study of lipins in cancer has been hampered by lack of inhibitors that have selectivity for lipins, that differentiate between lipin family members, or that are suitable for in vivo studies. Such inhibitors have the potential to be extremely useful as both molecular tools and therapeutics. This review describes the expression and function of lipins in various tissues and their roles in several diseases, but with an emphasis on their possible role in cancer. The mechanisms by which lipins mediate cancer cell growth are discussed and the potential usefulness of selective lipin inhibitors is hypothesized. Finally, recent studies reporting the crystallization of lipin-1 are discussed to facilitate rational design of novel lipin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Slane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samantha J Tambrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Igoshin AV, Mishakova TM, Aitnazarov RB, Ilina AV, Larkin DM, Yudin NS. Association of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the LPIN1 gene with milk production traits in cows of the Yaroslavl breed. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:117-125. [PMID: 38465251 PMCID: PMC10917680 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved family of proteins and is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. On the one hand, lipin-1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol (DAG) and thus participates in the metabolic pathways of biosynthesis of storage lipids in the cell, membrane phospholipids, and intracellular signaling molecules. On the other hand, lipin-1 is able to be transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and is a coactivator of lipid metabolism gene transcription. It was shown, using the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations, that the lipin-1 coding gene (LPIN1) is a promising candidate gene for milk production traits in Holstein and Brown Swiss cows. However, it is unclear how much of its effect depends on the breed. The Yaroslavl dairy cattle breed was created in the 18-19 centuries in Russia by breeding northern Great Russian cattle, which were short and poor productive, but well adapted to local climatic conditions and bad food base. It was shown by whole genome genotyping and sequencing that the Yaroslavl breed has unique genetics compared to Russian and other cattle breeds. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of alleles and genotypes of three SNPs in the LPIN1 gene and to study the association of these SNPs with milk production traits in Yaroslavl cows. Blood samples from 142 cows of the Yaroslavl breed were obtained from two farms in the Yaroslavl region. Genotyping of SNPs was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Associations of SNPs with 305-day milk yield, fat yield, fat percentages, protein yield, and protein percentages were studied from the first to the fourth lactation. Statistical tests were carried out using a mixed linear model, taking into account the relationship between individuals. We identified three SNPs - rs110871255, rs207681322 and rs109039955 with a frequency of a rare allele of 0.042-0.261 in Yaroslavl cows. SNP rs110871255 was associated with fat yield during the third and fourth lactations. SNP rs207681322 was associated with milk yield for the second, third and fourth lactations, as well as protein yield for the third lactation. Thus, we identified significant associations of SNPs rs207681322 and rs110871255 in the LPIN1 gene with a number of milk production traits during several lactations in Yaroslavl cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Igoshin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T M Mishakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R B Aitnazarov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Ilina
- Federal Williams Research Center for Forage Production and Agroecology, Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production, Yaroslavl Region, Russia
| | - D M Larkin
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N S Yudin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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5
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Han X, Huang S, Zhuang Z, Zhang X, Xie M, Lou N, Hua M, Zhuang X, Yu S, Chen S. Phosphatidate phosphatase Lipin1 involves in diabetic encephalopathy pathogenesis via regulating synaptic mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102996. [PMID: 38103341 PMCID: PMC10770635 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a common central nervous system complication of diabetes mellitus without effective therapy currently. Recent studies have highlighted synaptic mitochondrial damages as a possible pathological basis for DE, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous work has revealed that phosphatidate phosphatase Lipin1, a critical enzyme involved with phospholipid synthesis, is closely related to the pathogenesis of DE. Here, we demonstrate that Lipin1 is significantly down-regulated in rat hippocampus of DE. Knock-down of Lipin1 within hippocampus of normal rats induces dysregulation of homeostasis in synaptic mitochondrial dynamics with an increase of mitochondrial fission and a decrease of fusion, then causes synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic plasticity deficits as well as cognitive impairments, similar to that observed in response to chronic hyperglycemia exposure. In contrast, an up-regulation of Lipin1 within hippocampus in the DE model ameliorates this cascade of dysfunction. We also find that the effect of Lipin1 that regulating mitochondrial dynamics results from maintaining appropriate phospholipid components in the mitochondrial membrane. In conclusion, alterations in hippocampal Lipin1 contribute to hippocampal synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficits observed in DE. Targeting Lipin1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Han
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Ziyun Zhuang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, 274009, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Nengjun Lou
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Mengyu Hua
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
| | - Shuyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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6
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Jog R, Han GS, Carman GM. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spo7 basic tail is required for Nem1-Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade function in lipid synthesis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105587. [PMID: 38141768 PMCID: PMC10820825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nem1-Spo7 protein phosphatase complex dephosphorylates and thereby activates Pah1 at the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Pah1, a phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzing the dephosphorylation of phosphatidate to produce diacylglycerol, is one of the most highly regulated enzymes in lipid metabolism. The diacylglycerol produced in the lipid phosphatase reaction is utilized for the synthesis of triacylglycerol that is stored in lipid droplets. Disruptions of the Nem1-Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade cause a plethora of physiological defects. Spo7, the regulatory subunit of the Nem1-Spo7 complex, is required for the Nem1 catalytic function and interacts with the acidic tail of Pah1. Spo7 contains three conserved homology regions (CR1-3) that are important for the interaction with Nem1, but its region for the interaction with Pah1 is unknown. Here, by deletion and site-specific mutational analyses of Spo7, we revealed that the C-terminal basic tail (residues 240-259) containing five arginine and two lysine residues is important for the Nem1-Spo7 complex-mediated dephosphorylation of Pah1 and its cellular function (triacylglycerol synthesis, lipid droplet formation, maintenance of nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane morphology, and cell growth at elevated temperatures). The glutaraldehyde cross-linking analysis of synthetic peptides indicated that the Spo7 basic tail interacts with the Pah1 acidic tail. This work advances our understanding of the Spo7 function and the Nem1-Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade in yeast lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Jog
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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Un Nisa M, Gillani SQ, Nabi N, Sarwar Z, Reshi I, Bhat SA, Andrabi S. Lipin-1 stability and its adipogenesis functions are regulated in contrasting ways by AKT1 and LKB1. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:689-704. [PMID: 36380131 PMCID: PMC10409976 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a protein that plays a critical role in many cellular functions. At molecular level, it acts as a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase and a transcriptional coactivator. The functions of lipin-1 are largely dependent upon its subcellular localization, post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and acetylation, and also on its interaction with other proteins such as 14-3-3. However, the kinases and phosphatases that are responsible for these post translational modifications are not entirely known. Using bioinformatics and other biochemical approaches, we demonstrate lipin-1 as a novel target for AKT1 and LKB1. While AKT1 stabilizes lipin-1, LKB1 causes its degradation. Interestingly, our findings further show that lipin-1 enhances AKT1 activity as can be seen by increased phosphorylation of the substrates of AKT1. Taken together, our results suggest that lipin-1 plays an important role in the regulation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which is dysregulated in majority of cancers. Therefore, understating the role of lipin-1 may provide new and important insights into the regulation and functions of the PI3K-mTOR pathway, which is one of the major targets for anti-cancer drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Un Nisa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | | | - Nusrat Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Zarka Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Irfana Reshi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Sameer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shaida Andrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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8
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Fan Y, Si Z, Wang L, Zhang L. DYT- TOR1A dystonia: an update on pathogenesis and treatment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1216929. [PMID: 37638318 PMCID: PMC10448058 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1216929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DYT-TOR1A dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal movements. It is a severe genetic form of dystonia caused by mutations in the TOR1A gene. TorsinA is a member of the AAA + family of adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) involved in a variety of cellular functions, including protein folding, lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, and nucleocytoskeletal coupling. Almost all patients with TOR1A-related dystonia harbor the same mutation, an in-frame GAG deletion (ΔGAG) in the last of its 5 exons. This recurrent variant results in the deletion of one of two tandem glutamic acid residues (i.e., E302/303) in a protein named torsinA [torsinA(△E)]. Although the mutation is hereditary, not all carriers will develop DYT-TOR1A dystonia, indicating the involvement of other factors in the disease process. The current understanding of the pathophysiology of DYT-TOR1A dystonia involves multiple factors, including abnormal protein folding, signaling between neurons and glial cells, and dysfunction of the protein quality control system. As there are currently no curative treatments for DYT-TOR1A dystonia, progress in research provides insight into its pathogenesis, leading to potential therapeutic and preventative strategies. This review summarizes the latest research advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DYT-TOR1A dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibo Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Stukey GJ, Han GS, Carman GM. Phosphatidate phosphatase Pah1 contains a novel RP domain that regulates its phosphorylation and function in yeast lipid synthesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105025. [PMID: 37423305 PMCID: PMC10406625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PAH1-encoded phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase, which catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent dephosphorylation of PA to produce diacylglycerol, is one of the most highly regulated enzymes in lipid metabolism. The enzyme controls whether cells utilize PA to produce membrane phospholipids or the major storage lipid triacylglycerol. PA levels, which are regulated by the enzyme reaction, also control the expression of UASINO-containing phospholipid synthesis genes via the Henry (Opi1/Ino2-Ino4) regulatory circuit. Pah1 function is largely controlled by its cellular location, which is mediated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Multiple phosphorylations sequester Pah1 in the cytosol and protect it from 20S proteasome-mediated degradation. The endoplasmic reticulum-associated Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex recruits and dephosphorylates Pah1 allowing the enzyme to associate with and dephosphorylate its membrane-bound substrate PA. Pah1 contains domains/regions that include the N-LIP and haloacid dehalogenase-like catalytic domains, N-terminal amphipathic helix for membrane binding, C-terminal acidic tail for Nem1-Spo7 interaction, and a conserved tryptophan within the WRDPLVDID domain required for enzyme function. Through bioinformatics, molecular genetics, and biochemical approaches, we identified a novel RP (regulation of phosphorylation) domain that regulates the phosphorylation state of Pah1. We showed that the ΔRP mutation results in a 57% reduction in the endogenous phosphorylation of the enzyme (primarily at Ser-511, Ser-602, and Ser-773/Ser-774), an increase in membrane association and PA phosphatase activity, but reduced cellular abundance. This work not only identifies a novel regulatory domain within Pah1 but emphasizes the importance of the phosphorylation-based regulation of Pah1 abundance, location, and function in yeast lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geordan J Stukey
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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Li L, Zang Q, Li X, Zhu Y, Wen S, He J, Zhang R, Abliz Z. Spatiotemporal pharmacometabolomics based on ambient mass spectrometry imaging to evaluate the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone in HepG2 spheroids. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:483-493. [PMID: 37305784 PMCID: PMC10257197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid models combined with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables innovative investigation of in vivo-like biological processes under different physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (AFADESI-MSI) was coupled with 3D HepG2 spheroids to assess the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone (AMI). High-coverage imaging of >1100 endogenous metabolites in hepatocyte spheroids was achieved using AFADESI-MSI. Following AMI treatment at different times, 15 metabolites of AMI involved in N-desethylation, hydroxylation, deiodination, and desaturation metabolic reactions were identified, and according to their spatiotemporal dynamics features, the metabolic pathways of AMI were proposed. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial changes in metabolic disturbance within spheroids caused by drug exposure were obtained via metabolomic analysis. The main dysregulated metabolic pathways included arachidonic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, providing considerable evidence for the mechanism of AMI hepatotoxicity. In addition, a biomarker group of eight fatty acids was selected that provided improved indication of cell viability and could characterize the hepatotoxicity of AMI. The combination of AFADESI-MSI and HepG2 spheroids can simultaneously obtain spatiotemporal information for drugs, drug metabolites, and endogenous metabolites after AMI treatment, providing an effective tool for in vitro drug hepatotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shanjing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Biosynthesis and Significance of Fatty Acids, Glycerophospholipids, and Triacylglycerol in the Processes of Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072183. [PMID: 37046844 PMCID: PMC10093493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One area of glioblastoma research is the metabolism of tumor cells and detecting differences between tumor and healthy brain tissue metabolism. Here, we review differences in fatty acid metabolism, with a particular focus on the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by fatty acid synthase (FASN), elongases, and desaturases. We also describe the significance of individual fatty acids in glioblastoma tumorigenesis, as well as the importance of glycerophospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis in this process. Specifically, we show the significance and function of various isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases (AGPAT), lipins, as well as enzymes involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and cardiolipin (CL). This review also highlights the involvement of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Due to significant gaps in knowledge, the GEPIA database was utilized to demonstrate the significance of individual enzymes in glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Finally, we also describe the significance of lipid droplets in glioblastoma and the impact of fatty acid synthesis, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on cell membrane fluidity and signal transduction from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 Str., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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12
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Jog R, Han GS, Carman GM. Conserved regions of the regulatory subunit Spo7 are required for Nem1-Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade function in yeast lipid synthesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104683. [PMID: 37030502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Nem1-Spo7 complex is a protein phosphatase that activates Pah1 phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase at the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane for the synthesis of triacylglycerol. The Nem1-Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade largely controls whether PA is partitioned into the storage lipid triacylglycerol or into membrane phospholipids. The regulated synthesis of the lipids is crucial for diverse physiological processes during cell growth. Spo7 in the protein phosphatase complex is required as a regulatory subunit for the Nem1 catalytic subunit to dephosphorylate Pah1. The regulatory subunit contains three conserved homology regions (CR1, CR2, and CR3). Previous work showed that the hydrophobicity of LLI (residues 54-56) within CR1 is important for Spo7 function in the Nem1-Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade. In this work, by deletion and site-specific mutational analyses, we revealed that CR2 and CR3 are also required for Spo7 function. Mutations in any one of the conserved regions were sufficient to disrupt the function of the Nem1-Spo7 complex. We determined that the uncharged hydrophilicity of STN (residues 141-143) within CR2 was required for Nem1-Spo7 complex formation. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of LL (residues 217 and 219) within CR3 was important for Spo7 stability, which indirectly affected complex formation. Finally, we showed the loss of Spo7 CR2 or CR3 function by the phenotypes (e.g., reduced amounts of triacylglycerol and lipid droplets, temperature sensitivity) that are attributed to defects in membrane translocation and dephosphorylation of Pah1 by the Nem1-Spo7 complex. These findings advance knowledge of the Nem1-Spo7 complex and its role in lipid synthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Jog
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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13
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Xing N, Dong Z, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Kan P, Han Y, Cheng X, Wang Y, Zhang B. Identification of ferroptosis related biomarkers and immune infiltration in Parkinson's disease by integrated bioinformatic analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:55. [PMID: 36918862 PMCID: PMC10012699 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has indicated that ferroptosis engages in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), immune infiltration and immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) in the pathogenesis and development of PD. METHODS The microarray data of PD patients and healthy controls (HC) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was downloaded. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was processed to identify the significant modules related to PD in the GSE18838 dataset. Machine learning algorithms were used to screen the candidate biomarkers based on the intersect between WGCNA, FRGs and differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis of GSVA, GSEA, GO, KEGG, and immune infiltration, group comparison of ICGs were also performed. Next, candidate biomarkers were validated in clinical samples by ELISA and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess diagnose ability. RESULTS In this study, FRGs had correlations with ICGs, immune infiltration. Then, plasma levels of LPIN1 in PD was significantly lower than that in healthy controls, while the expression of TNFAIP3 was higher in PD in comparison with HC. ROC curves showed that the area under curve (AUC) of the LPIN1 and TNFAIP3 combination was 0.833 (95% CI: 0.750-0.916). Moreover, each biomarker alone could discriminate the PD from HC (LPIN1: AUC = 0.754, 95% CI: 0.659-0.849; TNFAIP3: AUC = 0.754, 95% CI: 0.660-0.849). For detection of early PD from HC, the model of combination maintained diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.734-0.927), LPIN1 also performed well in distinguishing the early PD from HC (AUC = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.717-0.917). However, the diagnostic efficacy was relatively poor in distinguishing the early from middle-advanced PD patients. CONCLUSION The combination model composed of LPIN1 and TNFAIP3, and each biomarker may serve as an efficient tool for distinguishing PD from HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziye Dong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengcheng Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuli Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital (Metabolic Diseases Hospital) of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Krishnan H, Basak B, Nath VR, Mishra S, Raghu P. Structural organization of RDGB (retinal degeneration B), a multi-domain lipid transfer protein: a molecular modelling and simulation based approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13368-13382. [PMID: 36803287 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2179545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) that shuttle lipids at membrane contact sites (MCS) play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. One such important LTP is the Retinal Degeneration B (RDGB) protein. RDGB is localized at the MCS formed between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the apical plasma membrane (PM) in Drosophila photoreceptors where it transfers phosphatidylinositol (PI) during G-protein coupled phospholipase C signalling. Previously, the C-terminal domains of RDGB have been shown to be essential for its function and accurate localization. In this study, using in-silico integrative modelling we predict the structure of entire RDGB protein in complex with the ER membrane protein VAP. The structure of RDGB has then been used to decipher the structural features of the protein important for its orientation at the contact site. Using this structure, we identify two lysine residues in the C-terminal helix of the LNS2 domain important for interaction with the PM. Using molecular docking, we also identify an unstructured region USR1, immediately c-terminal to the PITP domain that is important for the interaction of RDGB with VAP. Overall the 10.06 nm length of the predicted RDGB-VAP complex spans the distance between the PM and ER and is consistent with the cytoplasmic gap between the ER and PM measured by transmission electron microscopy in photoreceptors. Overall our model explains the topology of the RDGB-VAP complex at this ER-PM contact site and paves the way for analysis of lipid transfer function in this setting.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Krishnan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bishal Basak
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vaisaly R Nath
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shirish Mishra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
| | - Padinjat Raghu
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India
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15
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Islam KU, Anwar S, Patel AA, Mirdad MT, Mirdad MT, Azmi MI, Ahmad T, Fatima Z, Iqbal J. Global Lipidome Profiling Revealed Multifaceted Role of Lipid Species in Hepatitis C Virus Replication, Assembly, and Host Antiviral Response. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020464. [PMID: 36851679 PMCID: PMC9965260 DOI: 10.3390/v15020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen that requires a better understanding of its interaction with host cells. There is a close association of HCV life cycle with host lipid metabolism. Lipid droplets (LDs) have been found to be crucial organelles that support HCV replication and virion assembly. In addition to their role in replication, LDs also have protein-mediated antiviral properties that are activated during HCV infection. Studies have shown that HCV replicates well in cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich membranes, but the ways in which HCV alters host cell lipid dynamics are not yet known. In this study, we performed a kinetic study to check the enrichment of LDs at different time points of HCV infection. Based on the LD enrichment results, we selected early and later time points of HCV infection for global lipidomic study. Early infection represents the window period for HCV sensing and host immune response while later infection represents the establishment of viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and egress. We identified the dynamic profile of lipid species at early and later time points of HCV infection by global lipidomic study using mass spectrometry. At early HCV infection, phosphatidylinositol phospholipids (PIPs), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), triacyl glycerols (TAG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and trihexosylceramides (Hex3Cer) were observed to be enriched. Similarly, free fatty acids (FFA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPE), and tri acylglycerols were enriched at later time points of HCV infection. Lipids enriched at early time of infection may have role in HCV sensing, viral attachment, and immune response as LPA and PIPs are important for immune response and viral attachment, respectively. Moreover, lipid species observed at later infection may contribute to HCV replication and virion assembly as PE, FFA, and triacylglycerols are known for the similar function. In conclusion, we identified lipid species that exhibited dynamic profile across early and later time points of HCV infection compared to mock cells, which could be therapeutically relevant in the design of more specific and effective anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Ul Islam
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saleem Anwar
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ayyub A. Patel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Md Iqbal Azmi
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurugram 122413, India
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (J.I.)
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (J.I.)
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16
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Zhong R, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Huo Y, Huang Y, Cheng W, Liang P. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of large yellow croaker roe phospholipids on lipid metabolism in normal-diet mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:12852-12869. [PMID: 36444685 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker roe phospholipids (LYCRPLs) could regulate the accumulation of triglycerides and blood lipid levels. However, there exists little research on the mechanism of LYCRPLs on lipid metabolism in normal-diet mice. In this work, the mice on a normal diet were given low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose LYCRPLs by intragastric administration for 6 weeks. At the same time, the physiological and biochemical indicators of the mice were determined, and the histomorphological observation of the liver and epididymal fat was carried out. In addition, we examined the gene expression and lipid metabolites in the liver of mice using transcriptomic and lipidomic and performed a correlation analysis. The results showed that LYCRPLs regulated the lipid metabolism of normal-diet mice by affecting the expression of the glycerolipid metabolism pathway, insulin resistance pathway, and cholesterol metabolism pathway. This study not only elucidated the main pathway by which LYCRPLs regulate lipid metabolism, but also laid a foundation for exploring LYCRPLs as functional food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Zhong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Huadan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuming Huo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjian Cheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Liang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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17
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Lotus seed resistant starch ameliorates high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia by fatty acid degradation and glycerolipid metabolism pathways in mouse liver. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:79-91. [PMID: 35718147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Lotus seed Resistant Starch (LRS) for regulating hyperlipidemia in mice fed a High-fat Diet (HFD). Mouse were fed a normal diet (Normal Control group, NC group), HFD alone (MC group), HFD plus lovastatin (PC group), or HFD with low/medium/high LRS (LLRS, MLRS, and HLRS groups, respectively) for 4 weeks. LRS supplementation significantly decreased body weight and significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol compared with the MC group. LRS also significantly alleviated hepatic steatosis, especially in the MLRS group, which also showed a significantly reduced visceral fat index. LLRS supplementation significantly regulated genes associated with glycerolipid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis (Lpin1 and Ugt2b38), MLRS significantly regulated genes related to fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, and glycerolipid metabolism (Lpin1, Hadha, Aldh3a2, and Acox1), whereas HLRS significantly regulated genes related to fatty acid elongation and glycerolipid metabolism (Lpin1, Elovl3, Elovol5, and Agpat3). The fatty acid-degradation pathway regulated by MLRS thus exerts better control of serum lipid levels, body weight, visceral fat index, and liver steatosis in mice compared with LLRS- and HLRS-regulated pathways.
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18
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Pei Y, Song Y, Wang B, Lin C, Yang Y, Li H, Feng Z. Integrated lipidomics and RNA sequencing analysis reveal novel changes during 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13417. [PMID: 35529487 PMCID: PMC9074861 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
After adipogenic differentiation, key regulators of adipogenesis are stimulated and cells begin to accumulate lipids. To identify specific changes in lipid composition and gene expression patterns during 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis, we carried out lipidomics and RNA sequencing analysis of undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The analysis revealed significant changes in lipid content and gene expression patterns during adipogenesis. Slc2a4 was up-regulated, which may enhance glucose transport; Gpat3, Agpat2, Lipin1 and Dgat were also up-regulated, potentially to enrich intracellular triacylglycerol (TG). Increased expression levels of Pnpla2, Lipe, Acsl1 and Lpl likely increase intracellular free fatty acids, which can then be used for subsequent synthesis of other lipids, such as sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide (Cer). Enriched intracellular diacylglycerol (DG) can also provide more raw materials for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ether-PE, and ether-PC, whereas high expression of Pla3 may enhance the formation of lysophophatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). Therefore, in the process of adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, a series of genes are activated, resulting in large changes in the contents of various lipid metabolites in the cells, especially TG, DG, SM, Cer, PI, PC, PE, etherPE, etherPC, LPC and LPE. These findings provide a theoretical basis for our understanding the pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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19
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McPhee MJ, Salsman J, Foster J, Thompson J, Mathavarajah S, Dellaire G, Ridgway ND. Running 'LAPS' Around nLD: Nuclear Lipid Droplet Form and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:837406. [PMID: 35178392 PMCID: PMC8846306 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.837406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus harbours numerous protein subdomains and condensates that regulate chromatin organization, gene expression and genomic stress. A novel nuclear subdomain that is formed following exposure of cells to excess fatty acids is the nuclear lipid droplet (nLD), which is composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and associated regulatory and lipid biosynthetic enzymes. While structurally resembling cytoplasmic LDs, nLDs are formed by distinct but poorly understood mechanisms that involve the emergence of lipid droplets from the lumen of the nucleoplasmic reticulum and de novo lipid synthesis. Luminal lipid droplets that emerge into the nucleoplasm do so at regions of the inner nuclear membrane that become enriched in promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein. The resulting nLDs that retain PML on their surface are termed lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS), and are distinct from canonical PML nuclear bodies (NB) as they lack key proteins and modifications associated with these NBs. PML is a key regulator of nuclear signaling events and PML NBs are sites of gene regulation and post-translational modification of transcription factors. Therefore, the subfraction of nLDs that form LAPS could regulate lipid stress responses through their recruitment and retention of the PML protein. Both nLDs and LAPS have lipid biosynthetic enzymes on their surface suggesting they are active sites for nuclear phospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis as well as global lipid regulation. In this review we have summarized the current understanding of nLD and LAPS biogenesis in different cell types, their structure and composition relative to other PML-associated cellular structures, and their role in coordinating a nuclear response to cellular overload of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McPhee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jordan Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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20
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Guo LY, Guo QS, Shi HZ, Yang F, Miao YX. Cloning and expression analysis of the HSL gene in Whitmania pigra (Annelida: Hirudinea). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2027289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao-Sheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Xiu Miao
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Phospholipase Signaling in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33983572 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9620-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression results from subversion of multiple intra- or intercellular signaling pathways in normal mammary tissues and their microenvironment, which have an impact on cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Phospholipases (PLC, PLD and PLA) are essential mediators of intra- and intercellular signaling. They hydrolyze phospholipids, which are major components of cell membrane that can generate many bioactive lipid mediators, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and arachidonic acid. Enzymatic processing of phospholipids by phospholipases converts these molecules into lipid mediators that regulate multiple cellular processes, which in turn can promote breast cancer progression. Thus, dysregulation of phospholipases contributes to a number of human diseases, including cancer. This review describes how phospholipases regulate multiple cancer-associated cellular processes, and the interplay among different phospholipases in breast cancer. A thorough understanding of the breast cancer-associated signaling networks of phospholipases is necessary to determine whether these enzymes are potential targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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22
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Brohée L, Crémer J, Colige A, Deroanne C. Lipin-1, a Versatile Regulator of Lipid Homeostasis, Is a Potential Target for Fighting Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094419. [PMID: 33922580 PMCID: PMC8122924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rewiring of lipid metabolism is a major adaptation observed in cancer, and it is generally associated with the increased aggressiveness of cancer cells. Targeting lipid metabolism is therefore an appealing therapeutic strategy, but it requires a better understanding of the specific roles played by the main enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis. Lipin-1 is a central regulator of lipid homeostasis, acting either as an enzyme or as a co-regulator of transcription. In spite of its important functions it is only recently that several groups have highlighted its role in cancer. Here, we will review the most recent research describing the role of lipin-1 in tumor progression when expressed by cancer cells or cells of the tumor microenvironment. The interest of its inhibition as an adjuvant therapy to amplify the effects of anti-cancer therapies will be also illustrated.
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23
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Watahiki A, Hoshikawa S, Chiba M, Egusa H, Fukumoto S, Inuzuka H. Deficiency of Lipin2 Results in Enhanced NF-κB Signaling and Osteoclast Formation in RAW-D Murine Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062893. [PMID: 33809261 PMCID: PMC8001760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin2 is a phosphatidate phosphatase that plays critical roles in fat homeostasis. Alterations in Lpin2, which encodes lipin2, cause the autoinflammatory bone disorder Majeed syndrome. Lipin2 limits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. However, little is known about the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory function. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the molecular link between the loss of lipin2 function and autoinflammatory bone disorder. Using a Lpin2 knockout murine macrophage cell line, we showed that lipin2 deficiency enhances innate immune responses to LPS stimulation through excessive activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, partly because of TAK1 signaling upregulation. Lipin2 depletion also enhanced RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption activity accompanied by NFATc1 dephosphorylation and increased nuclear accumulation. These results suggest that lipin2 suppresses the development of autoinflammatory bone disorder by fine-tuning proinflammatory responses and osteoclastogenesis in macrophages. Therefore, this study provides insights into the molecular pathogenesis of monogenic autoinflammatory bone disorders and presents a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Watahiki
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (A.W.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (H.E.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seira Hoshikawa
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (A.W.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (H.E.)
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Chiba
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (A.W.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (H.E.)
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (A.W.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (H.E.)
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (A.W.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (H.E.)
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (H.I.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8380 (S.F.); +81-22-717-8308 (H.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (A.W.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (H.I.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8380 (S.F.); +81-22-717-8308 (H.I.)
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24
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Majeed Syndrome: A Review of the Clinical, Genetic and Immunologic Features. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030367. [PMID: 33670882 PMCID: PMC7997317 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Majeed syndrome is a multi-system inflammatory disorder affecting humans that presents with chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, with or without a neutrophilic dermatosis. The disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in LPIN2, the gene encoding the phosphatidic acid phosphatase LIPIN2. It is exceedingly rare. There are only 24 individuals from 10 families with genetically confirmed Majeed syndrome reported in the literature. The early descriptions of Majeed syndrome reported severely affected children with recurrent fevers, severe multifocal osteomyelitis, failure to thrive, and marked elevations of blood inflammatory markers. As more affected families have been identified, it has become clear that there is significant phenotypic variability. Data supports that disruption of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity in LIPIN2 results in immune dysregulation due to aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, however, these findings did not explain the bone phenotype. Recent studies demonstrate that LPIN2 deficiency drives pro-inflammatory M2-macrophages and enhances osteoclastogenesis which suggest a critical role of lipin-2 in controlling homeostasis at the growth plate in an inflammasome-independent manner. While there are no approved medications for Majeed syndrome, pharmacologic blockade of the interleukin-1 pathway has been associated with rapid clinical improvement.
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25
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Cascalho A, Foroozandeh J, Hennebel L, Swerts J, Klein C, Rous S, Dominguez Gonzalez B, Pisani A, Meringolo M, Gallego SF, Verstreken P, Seibler P, Goodchild RE. Excess Lipin enzyme activity contributes to TOR1A recessive disease and DYT-TOR1A dystonia. Brain 2021; 143:1746-1765. [PMID: 32516804 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TOR1A/TorsinA mutations cause two incurable diseases: a recessive congenital syndrome that can be lethal, and a dominantly-inherited childhood-onset dystonia (DYT-TOR1A). TorsinA has been linked to phosphatidic acid lipid metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. Here we evaluate the role of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) enzymes in TOR1A diseases using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from patients, and mouse models of recessive Tor1a disease. We find that Lipin PAP enzyme activity is abnormally elevated in human DYT-TOR1A dystonia patient cells and in the brains of four different Tor1a mouse models. Its severity also correlated with the dosage of Tor1a/TOR1A mutation. We assessed the role of excess Lipin activity in the neurological dysfunction of Tor1a disease mouse models by interbreeding these with Lpin1 knock-out mice. Genetic reduction of Lpin1 improved the survival of recessive Tor1a disease-model mice, alongside suppressing neurodegeneration, motor dysfunction, and nuclear membrane pathology. These data establish that TOR1A disease mutations cause abnormal phosphatidic acid metabolism, and suggest that approaches that suppress Lipin PAP enzyme activity could be therapeutically useful for TOR1A diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cascalho
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joyce Foroozandeh
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Hennebel
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Swerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stef Rous
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Dominguez Gonzalez
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia and Department of Systems Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia and Department of Systems Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra F Gallego
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rose E Goodchild
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Gao X, Niu C, Wang Z, Jia S, Han M, Ma Y, Guan X, Wang L, Qiao X, Xu Y. Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA expression profiles in cytopathic biotype BVDV-infected MDBK cells provides an insight into biological contexts of host-BVDV interactions. Virulence 2020; 12:20-34. [PMID: 33258421 PMCID: PMC7781660 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1857572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease, which significantly affects the production performance of cattle, causing serious economic losses to the cattle industries worldwide. Up to now, some mechanisms involved in host–BVDV interaction are still not fully understood. The discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has provided a new perspective on gene regulation in diverse biological contexts, particularly in viral infection and host immune responses. However, little is known about the profiles and functions of lncRNAs in host cells in response to BVDV infection. Here, we utilized Illumina sequencing to explore lncRNAs profiles in cytopathic (CP) biotype BVDV-infected MDBK cells to further reveal the potential roles of lncRNAs in BVDV infection and host–BVDV interaction with integrated analysis of lncRNAs and mRNA expression profiles. A total of 1747 significantly differentially expressed genes, DEGs (156 lncRNAs and 1591 mRNAs) were obtained via RNA-seq in BVDV-infected MDBK cells compared to mock-infected cells. Next, these DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were subjected to construct lncRNAs-mRNAs co-expression network followed by the prediction of potential functions of the DE lncRNAs. Co-expression network analysis elucidated that DE lncRNAs were significant enrichment in NOD-like receptor, TNF, NF-ĸB, ErbB, Ras, apoptosis, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, indicating that DE lncRNAs play important roles in host–BVDV interactions. Our data give an overview of changes in transcriptome and potential roles of lncRNAs, providing molecular biology basis for further exploring the mechanisms of host–BVDV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chao Niu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Meijing Han
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Guan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University , Hangzhou, P.R. China
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27
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Cuadrado GA, de Andrade MFC, Ariga SK, de Lima TM, Souza HP. Inflammation Precedes Fat Deposition in an Experimental Model of Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2020; 19:116-125. [PMID: 33216672 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic lymphedema is a common complication of lymphatic obstruction, particularly after cancer treatment, characterized by an increased volume of the affected extremity, partly caused by the accumulation of excessive adipose tissue. The relationship between lymph vessels' obstruction and fat deposit is, however, poorly understood. Objective: Our central hypothesis was that the inflammatory process caused by lymph stasis precedes the adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition. Methods and Results: We used a modified mouse tail model to produce secondary lymphedema. Animals were treated with dexamethasone, or the procedure was performed in nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)-deficient mice to evaluate the role of inflammation in lymphedema formation. Adipose tissue (Lipin) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, MCP-1, and F4-80) were analyzed in histological samples and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed an increased deposition of fat into the affected area that starts 3 weeks after lymph vessel ligation; it further increased after 6 weeks. Genes involved in the inflammatory process were upregulated before adipocyte maturation. Treatment with dexamethasone or the use of inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice blocked the inflammatory reaction and inhibited the accumulation of fat distal to the lymphatic obstruction. Conclusion: In the modified mouse tail lymphedema, inflammation precedes adipogenesis. Our data suggest that MCP-1 and nitric oxide may be potential targets for lymphedema management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A Cuadrado
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro F C de Andrade
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely K Ariga
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais M de Lima
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P Souza
- Emergency Medicine Department and Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Yao D, Yang C, Ma J, Chen L, Luo J, Ma Y, Loor JJ. cAMP Response Element Binding Protein 1 (CREB1) Promotes Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis and Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101871. [PMID: 33066354 PMCID: PMC7602241 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In non-ruminant liver and adipose tissue, cAMP response element binding protein 1(CREB1) is essential for lipid synthesis and triacylglycerol accumulation. The present study aimed to ascertain the role of CREB1 in regulating milk fatty acid composition synthesized by goat mammary gland. Our data found that overexpression of CREB1 in vitro alters the abundance of lipogenic genes, triacylglycerol accumulation and concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in goat mammary epithelial cells. Thus, manipulation of CREB1 in vivo might be one approach to improve the quality of goat milk. Abstract cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) is a member of the leucine zipper transcription factor family of DNA binding proteins. Although studies in non-ruminants have demonstrated a crucial role of CREB1 in lipid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue, it is unknown if this transcription regulator exerts control of fatty acid synthesis in ruminant mammary cells. To address this question, we first defined the expression dynamics of CREB1 in mammary tissue during lactation. Analysis of CREB1 in mammary tissue revealed higher mRNA abundance in mammary tissue harvested at peak lactation. Overexpression of CREB1 markedly upregulated sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACACA), elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), lipin 1 (LPIN1) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), but had no effect on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (GPAM) or 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6). In addition, overexpressing CREB1 led to a significant increase in the concentration and desaturation index of C16:1 (palmitoleic acid) and C18:1 (oleic acid), along with increased concentration of triacylglycerol. Taken together, these results highlight an important role of CREB1 in regulating lipid synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells. Thus, manipulation of CREB1 in vivo might be one approach to improve the quality of goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (D.Y.); (C.Y.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (D.Y.); (C.Y.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Jing Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (D.Y.); (C.Y.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Lili Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (D.Y.); (C.Y.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Yi Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (D.Y.); (C.Y.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Juan. J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (J.J.L.)
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29
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Toprak U, Hegedus D, Doğan C, Güney G. A journey into the world of insect lipid metabolism. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21682. [PMID: 32335968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is fundamental to life. In insects, it is critical, during reproduction, flight, starvation, and diapause. The coordination center for insect lipid metabolism is the fat body, which is analogous to the vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. Fat body contains various different cell types; however, adipocytes and oenocytes are the primary cells related to lipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism starts with the hydrolysis of dietary lipids, absorption of lipid monomers, followed by lipid transport from midgut to the fat body, lipogenesis or lipolysis in the fat body, and lipid transport from fat body to other sites demanding energy. Lipid metabolism is under the control of hormones, transcription factors, secondary messengers and posttranscriptional modifications. Primarily, lipogenesis is under the control of insulin-like peptides that activate lipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, whereas lipolysis is coordinated by the adipokinetic hormone that activates lipolytic transcription factors, such as forkhead box class O and cAMP-response element-binding protein. Calcium is the primary-secondary messenger affecting lipid metabolism and has different outcomes depending on the site of lipogenesis or lipolysis. Phosphorylation is central to lipid metabolism and multiple phosphorylases are involved in lipid accumulation or hydrolysis. Although most of the knowledge of insect lipid metabolism comes from the studies on the model Drosophila; other insects, in particular those with obligatory or facultative diapause, also have great potential to study lipid metabolism. The use of these models would significantly improve our knowledge of insect lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dwayne Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cansu Doğan
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Güney
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Lee J, Salsman J, Foster J, Dellaire G, Ridgway ND. Lipid-associated PML structures assemble nuclear lipid droplets containing CCTα and Lipin1. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000751. [PMID: 32461215 PMCID: PMC7266991 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PML proteins assemble into noncanonical lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS) on nuclear lipid droplets, which recruit CCTα and Lipin1 for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. Nuclear lipid droplets (nLDs) form on the inner nuclear membrane by a mechanism involving promyelocytic leukemia (PML), the protein scaffold of PML nuclear bodies. We report that PML structures on nLDs in oleate-treated U2OS cells, referred to as lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS), differ from canonical PML nuclear bodies by the relative absence of SUMO1, SP100, and DAXX. These nLDs were also enriched in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα), the phosphatidic acid phosphatase Lipin1, and DAG. Translocation of CCTα onto nLDs was mediated by its α-helical M-domain but was not correlated with its activator DAG. High-resolution imaging revealed that CCTα and LAPS occupied distinct polarized regions on nLDs. PML knockout U2OS (PML KO) cells lacking LAPS had a 40–50% reduction in nLDs with associated CCTα, and residual nLDs were almost devoid of Lipin1 and DAG. As a result, phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol synthesis was inhibited in PML KO cells. We conclude that in response to excess exogenous fatty acids, LAPS are required to assemble nLDs that are competent to recruit CCTα and Lipin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jason Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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31
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Pizzamiglio C, Lahiri N, Nirmalananthan N, Sood B, Somalanka S, Ostrowski P, Phadke R, O'Donovan DG, Muntoni F, Quinlivan R. First presentation of LPIN1 acute rhabdomyolysis in adolescence and adulthood. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:566-571. [PMID: 32522502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
LPIN1 mutations are a known common cause of autosomal recessive, recurrent and life-threatening acute rhabdomyolysis of childhood-onset. The first episode of rhabdomyolysis usually happens in nearly all cases before the age of 5 and death is observed in 1/3 of patients. Here we present two cases of acute rhabdomyolysis with a milder phenotype caused by LPIN1 mutation presenting in adolescence (11 years old) and adulthood (40 years old) after Parvovirus infection and metabolic stress, respectively. In our opinion, the mutation types, epigenetic factors, the environment exposition to triggers or the existence of proteins with a similar structure of LPIN1, may have a role in modulating the onset of rhabdomyolysis. LPIN1 should be included on a panel of genes analysed in the investigation of adult individuals with rhabdomyolysis. Metabolic and viral stressors should be included in the list of possible rhabdomyolysis precipitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pizzamiglio
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nayana Lahiri
- Clinical Genetics Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niranjanan Nirmalananthan
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroradiology, Atkinson Morley Regional Neurosciences Centre, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhrigu Sood
- South West Thames Renal and Transplantation Unit and South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, Saint Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Subash Somalanka
- South West Thames Renal and Transplantation Unit and South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, Saint Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Ostrowski
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Division of Neuropathology, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, United Kingdom; Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Gerard O'Donovan
- Neuropathology, Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Paediatric Neurology, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosaline Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Shang P, Zheng F, Han F, Song Y, Pan Z, Yu S, Zhuang X, Chen S. Lipin1 mediates cognitive impairment in fld mice via PKD-ERK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:286-291. [PMID: 32087966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipin1 is important in lipid synthesis because of its phosphatidate phosphatase activity, and it also functions as transcriptional coactivators to regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. We found that fld mice exhibit cognitive impairment, and it is related to the DAG-PKD-ERK pathway. We used fld mice to explore the relationship between lipin1 and cognitive function. Our results confirmed the presence of cognitive impairment in the hippocampus of lipin1-deficient mice. As shown in behavioral test, the spatial learning and memory ability of fld mice was much worse than that of wild-type mice. Electron microscopy results showed that the number of synapses in hippocampus of fld mice was significantly reduced. BDNF,SYP, PSD95 were significantly reduced. These results suggest that lipin1 impairs synaptic plasticity. Hence,a deficiency of lipin1 leads to decreased DAG levels and inhibits PKD activation, thereby affecting the phosphorylation of ERK and the CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shang
- School of Medicine,Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Fengjie Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Feng Han
- The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, Shandong, 250200, China
| | - Yuwen Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Zhe Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China
| | - Shuyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
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Dinarvand N, Khanahmad H, Hakimian SM, Sheikhi A, Rashidi B, Bakhtiari H, Pourfarzam M. Expression and clinicopathological significance of lipin-1 in human breast cancer and its association with p53 tumor suppressor gene. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5835-5846. [PMID: 31970786 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is an important cause of female cancer-related death. It has recently been demonstrated that metabolic disorders including lipid metabolism are a hallmark of cancer cells. Lipin-1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity and regulates the rate-limiting step in the pathway of triglycerides and phospholipids synthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate lipin-1 expression, its prognostic significance, and its correlation with p53 tumor suppressor in patients with BC. In this study, 55 pairs of fresh samples of BC and adjacent noncancerous tissue were used to analyze lipin-1, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The expression of other clinicopathological variables and p53 was also examined using IHC technique. The cell migration was studied in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells following the inhibition of lipin-1 by propranolol. Our results show that the relative expression of lipin-1 messenger RNA was significantly higher in BC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissue and its inhibition reduced cell migration in cancer cells. This upregulation was negatively correlated with histological grade of tumor and p53 status (p = .001 and p = .034) respectively and positively correlated with the tumor size (p = .006). Our results also seem to indicate that the high lipin-1 expression is related to a good prognosis in patients with BC. The expression of lipin-1 may be considered as a novel independent prognostic factor. The inhibition of lipin-1 may also have therapeutic significance for patients with BC. The correlation between lipin-1 and p53 confirms the role of p53 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dey P, Su WM, Mirheydari M, Han GS, Carman GM. Protein kinase C mediates the phosphorylation of the Nem1-Spo7 protein phosphatase complex in yeast. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15997-16009. [PMID: 31501244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nem1-Spo7 complex in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a protein phosphatase required for the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane localization of Pah1, a phosphatidate phosphatase that produces diacylglycerol for triacylglycerol synthesis at the expense of phospholipid synthesis. In a previous study, we showed that the protein phosphatase is subject to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we demonstrate that Nem1-Spo7 is regulated through its phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC), which plays multiple roles, including the regulation of lipid synthesis and cell wall integrity. Phosphorylation analyses of Nem1-Spo7 and its synthetic peptides indicate that both subunits of the complex are bona fide PKC substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis of NEM1 and SPO7, coupled with phosphopeptide mapping and immunoblotting with a phosphoserine-specific PKC substrate antibody, revealed that Ser-201 in Nem1 and Ser-22/Ser-28 in Spo7 are major PKC target sites of phosphorylation. Activity analysis of mutant Nem1-Spo7 complexes indicates that the PKC phosphorylation of Nem1 exerts a stimulatory effect, but the phosphorylation of Spo7 has no effect. Lipid-labeling analysis of cells expressing the phosphorylation-deficient alleles of NEM1 and SPO7 indicates that the stimulation of the Nem1-Spo7 activity has the effect of increasing triacylglycerol synthesis. Prephosphorylation of Nem1-Spo7 by PKC inhibits the PKA phosphorylation of Nem1, whereas prephosphorylation of the phosphatase complex by PKA inhibits the PKC phosphorylation of Spo7. Collectively, this work advances the understanding of the Nem1-Spo7 regulation by phosphorylation and its impact on lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Dey
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Wen-Min Su
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Mona Mirheydari
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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Tzifi F, Fretzayas A, Chrousos G, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver infiltration in children: an underdiagnosed evolving disease. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:255-265. [PMID: 31140156 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes the most common liver disease, one that is still underdiagnosed in pediatric populations (as well as in the general population), this due to the progressive increase in childhood obesity observed both in developed and developing countries during the last few decades. The pathophysiology of the disease has not been thoroughly clarified yet. The condition displays common pathways in adults and children; however, there are age-related differences. Unlike adults, children with NAFLD require extensive laboratory analysis, because underlying pathologies other than obesity may contribute to the evolution of the disease. Despite the presence of several serum markers and imaging techniques that contribute to NAFLD diagnosis, liver biopsy remains the gold standard diagnostic procedure. Early intervention and obesity prevention are mandatory, as NAFLD is reversible at an early stage. If left undiagnosed and untreated, NAFLD can progress to steatohepatitis (NASH) and subsequent liver failure, a potentially lethal complication. Of note, there are no treatment options when advanced liver fibrosis occurs. This review summarizes literature data on NAFLD in childhood indicating that this is an evolving disease and a significant component of the metabolic syndrome. Pediatricians should be aware of this entity, screening children at high risk and providing appropriate early management, in collaboration with pediatric subspecialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Tzifi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- Athens Medical Group, Marousi, Greece.
| | | | - George Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Wang J, Wang S, Sun P, Cao F, Li H, Sun J, Peng M, Liu W, Shi P. Iron depletion participates in the suppression of cell proliferation induced by lipin1 overexpression. Metallomics 2019; 10:1307-1314. [PMID: 30141807 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipin1 participates in numerous cellular processes, including in the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol and as a co-transcriptional regulator. Iron is also essential in various critical biological processes. Previous studies have shown that compared to normal tissue cells, lipin1 expression and iron metabolism are abnormal in cancer cells. However, the involvement of lipin1 in the regulation of iron metabolism is unknown. In this study, we compared the contents of eight metal ions (potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and copper) in human hepatoma carcinoma BEL7402 control cells as well as stable cells overexpressing lipin1 by using ICP-AES. Our results showed that only intracellular iron content was significantly decreased by lipin1 overexpression. Meanwhile, we observed that lipin1 overexpression could inhibit cell proliferation, similar to iron chelator deferoxamine. Western blotting showed that the up-regulation of p53-p21-p27 elicited cell cycle G0/G1 arrest in the stable cells overexpressing lipin1. Conversely, after lipin1 was down regulated with siRNA, we found that cell proliferation was promoted, accompanied by an increase in iron content, and the downregulation of p53 and p21. Our data indicate that lipin1 overexpression may cause reduction of intracellular iron content, which could activate the p53-p21-p27 signaling pathways, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in the hepatic carcinoma cells. Subsequently, we identified the putative cause for the decrease of the intracellular iron content induced by lipin1 overexpression. Our results suggested that the intracellular iron reduction was due to the increase in the expression of ferroportin, an iron export protein in the stable cells overexpressing lipin1. In contrast, after transfection with lipin1 siRNA, the decreased expression of ferroportin contributed to an increase in the iron content in BEL7402 cells. It was further confirmed that the intracellular iron content was increased after ferroportin was knocked down by siRNA in BEL7402 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that lipin1 participates in the regulation of iron metabolism in human hepatic carcinoma cells. This suggests that lipin1 may play an important protective role in inhibiting the development of cancer through the reduction of iron content in tumors, which further demonstrates that iron reduction could be a potential strategy of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Movva R, Greenside P, Marinov GK, Nair S, Shrikumar A, Kundaje A. Deciphering regulatory DNA sequences and noncoding genetic variants using neural network models of massively parallel reporter assays. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218073. [PMID: 31206543 PMCID: PMC6576758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between noncoding DNA sequence and gene expression is not well-understood. Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs), which quantify the regulatory activity of large libraries of DNA sequences in parallel, are a powerful approach to characterize this relationship. We present MPRA-DragoNN, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based framework to predict and interpret the regulatory activity of DNA sequences as measured by MPRAs. While our method is generally applicable to a variety of MPRA designs, here we trained our model on the Sharpr-MPRA dataset that measures the activity of ∼500,000 constructs tiling 15,720 regulatory regions in human K562 and HepG2 cell lines. MPRA-DragoNN predictions were moderately correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.28) with measured activity and were within range of replicate concordance of the assay. State-of-the-art model interpretation methods revealed high-resolution predictive regulatory sequence features that overlapped transcription factor (TF) binding motifs. We used the model to investigate the cell type and chromatin state preferences of predictive TF motifs. We explored the ability of our model to predict the allelic effects of regulatory variants in an independent MPRA experiment and fine map putative functional SNPs in loci associated with lipid traits. Our results suggest that interpretable deep learning models trained on MPRA data have the potential to reveal meaningful patterns in regulatory DNA sequences and prioritize regulatory genetic variants, especially as larger, higher-quality datasets are produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Movva
- The Harker School, San Jose, CA, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Peyton Greenside
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Georgi K. Marinov
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Surag Nair
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Avanti Shrikumar
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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38
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Reue K, Wang H. Mammalian lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatases in lipid synthesis and beyond: metabolic and inflammatory disorders. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:728-733. [PMID: 30804008 PMCID: PMC6446709 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cellular lipid storage and membrane lipid composition plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, and dysregulation may contribute to disorders such as obesity, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mammalian lipin proteins (lipin 1, lipin 2, and lipin 3) are phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) enzymes that modulate levels of cellular triacylglycerols and phospholipids, and also regulate lipid intermediates in cellular signaling pathways. Lipin proteins also have the ability to coactivate/corepress transcription. In humans and mice, lipin gene mutations cause severe metabolic phenotypes including rhabdomyolysis (lipin 1), autoinflammatory disease (lipin 2), and impaired intestinal lipoprotein assembly (lipin 2/lipin 3). Characterization of these diseases has revealed roles for lipin PAP activity in fundamental cellular processes such as autophagy, inflammasome activation, and lipoprotein assembly. Lipin protein activity is regulated at pre- and posttranscriptional levels, which suggests a need for their ordered response to specific physiological stimuli. Challenges for the future include better elucidation of the unique biochemical and physiological properties of individual lipin family members and determination of lipin protein structure-function relationships. Further research may propel exploration of lipin proteins as viable therapeutic targets in metabolic or inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
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Zhou Z, Ye TJ, Bonavita G, Daniels M, Kainrad N, Jogasuria A, You M. Adipose-Specific Lipin-1 Overexpression Renders Hepatic Ferroptosis and Exacerbates Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:656-669. [PMID: 31061954 PMCID: PMC6492478 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a Mg2+-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase involved in the generation of diacylglycerol during synthesis of phospholipids and triglycerides. Ethanol-mediated inhibitory effects on adipose-specific lipin-1 expression were associated with experimental steatohepatitis in rodents. In the present study, using an adipose-specific lipin-1 overexpression transgenic (Lpin1-Tg) mouse model, we tested a hypothesis that adipose-specific lipin-1 overexpression in mice might dampen ethanol-induced liver damage. Experimental alcoholic steatohepatitis was induced by pair-feeding ethanol to Lpin1-Tg and wild-type (WT) mice using the chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding protocol. Unexpectedly, following the chronic-plus-binge ethanol challenge, Lpin1-Tg mice exhibited much more pronounced steatosis, exacerbated inflammation, augmented elevation of serum liver enzymes, hepatobiliary damage, and fibrogenic responses compared with the WT mice. Mechanistically, overexpression of adipose lipin-1 in mice facilitated the onset of hepatic ferroptosis, which is an iron-dependent form of cell death, and subsequently induced ferroptotic liver damage in mice under ethanol exposure. Concurrently, adipose lipin-1 overexpression induced defective adiponectin signaling pathways in ethanol-fed mice. Conclusion: We identified ferroptosis as a mechanism in mediating the detrimental effects of adipose-specific lipin-1 overexpression in mice under chronic-plus-binge ethanol exposure. Our present study sheds light on potential therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of human alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Ting Jie Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH.,Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Science Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Gregory Bonavita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Michael Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Noah Kainrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Alvin Jogasuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
| | - Min You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown OH
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40
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Mu C, Pan C, Han Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Sang J. Phosphatidate phosphatase Pah1 has a role in the hyphal growth and virulence of Candida albicans. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 124:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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You M, Jogasuria A, Lee K, Wu J, Zhang Y, Lee YK, Sadana P. Signal Transduction Mechanisms of Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Emer ging Role of Lipin-1. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:226-236. [PMID: 26278388 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipin-1, a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), is a bi-functional molecule involved in various signaling pathways via its function as a PAP enzyme in the triglyceride synthesis pathway and in the nucleus as a transcriptional co-regulator. In the liver, lipin-1 is known to play a vital role in controlling the lipid metabolism and inflammation process at multiple regulatory levels. Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is one of the earliest forms of liver injury and approximately 8-20% of patients with simple steatosis can develop into more severe forms of liver injury, including steatohepatitis, fibrosis/ cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The signal transduction mechanisms for alcohol-induced detrimental effects in liver involves alteration of complex and multiple signaling pathways largely governed by a central and upstream signaling system, namely, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-AMP activated kinase (AMPK) axis. Emerging evidence suggests a pivotal role of lipin-1 as a crucial downstream regulator of SIRT1-AMPK signaling system that is likely to be ultimately responsible for development and progression of AFLD. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that ethanol exposure significantly induces lipin-1 gene and protein expression levels in cultured hepatocytes and in the livers of rodents, induces lipin-1-PAP activity, impairs the functional activity of nuclear lipin-1, disrupts lipin-1 mRNA alternative splicing and induces lipin-1 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Such impairment in response to ethanol leads to derangement of hepatic lipid metabolism, and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines in the livers of the rodents and human alcoholics. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of lipin-1 in the pathogenesis of AFLD and its potential signal transduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown OH 44272. United States
| | | | | | - Jiashin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 0
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Rootstown OH 44272. United States
| | - Yoon Kwang Lee
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Rootstown OH 44272. United States
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Li M, Keenan CR, Lopez-Campos G, Mangum JE, Chen Q, Prodanovic D, Xia YC, Langenbach SY, Harris T, Hofferek V, Reid GE, Stewart AG. A Non-canonical Pathway with Potential for Safer Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Steroid-Resistant Airway Diseases. iScience 2019; 12:232-246. [PMID: 30711747 PMCID: PMC6360516 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired therapeutic responses to anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (GC) in chronic respiratory diseases are partly attributable to interleukins and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). However, previous efforts to prevent induction of GC insensitivity by targeting established canonical and non-canonical TGF-β1 pathways have been unsuccessful. Here we elucidate a TGF-β1 signaling pathway modulating GC activity that involves LIM domain kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of cofilin1. Severe, steroid-resistant asthmatic airway epithelium showed increased levels of immunoreactive phospho-cofilin1. Phospho-cofilin1 was implicated in the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) to generate the effector(s) (lyso)phosphatidic acid, which mimics the TGF-β1-induced GC insensitivity. TGF-β1 induction of the nuclear hormone receptor corepressor, SMRT (NCOR2), was dependent on cofilin1 and PLD activities. Depletion of SMRT prevented GC insensitivity. This pathway for GC insensitivity offers several promising drug targets that potentially enable a safer approach to the modulation of TGF-β1 in chronic inflammatory diseases than is afforded by global TGF-β1 inhibition. TGF-β1 extensively impairs GC activity Phospho-cofilin1 is a key link in TGF-β1 signaling cascade subserving GC insensitivity Phospho-cofilin1-activated phospholipase D (PLD) reduces GC activity SMRT induction downstream of PLD mediates TGF-β1 impairment of GC activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christine R Keenan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Campos
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jonathan E Mangum
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Danica Prodanovic
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yuxiu C Xia
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shenna Y Langenbach
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Trudi Harris
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute. University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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43
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Hennessy M, Granade ME, Hassaninasab A, Wang D, Kwiatek JM, Han GS, Harris TE, Carman GM. Casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of lipin 1β phosphatidate phosphatase at Ser-285 and Ser-287 regulates its interaction with 14-3-3β protein. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2365-2374. [PMID: 30617183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian lipin 1 phosphatidate phosphatase is a key regulatory enzyme in lipid metabolism. By catalyzing phosphatidate dephosphorylation, which produces diacylglycerol, the enzyme plays a major role in the synthesis of triacylglycerol and membrane phospholipids. The importance of lipin 1 to lipid metabolism is exemplified by cellular defects and lipid-based diseases associated with its loss or overexpression. Phosphorylation of lipin 1 governs whether it is associated with the cytoplasm apart from its substrate or with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane where its enzyme reaction occurs. Lipin 1β is phosphorylated on multiple sites, but less than 10% of them are ascribed to a specific protein kinase. Here, we demonstrate that lipin 1β is a bona fide substrate for casein kinase II (CKII), a protein kinase that is essential to viability and cell cycle progression. Phosphoamino acid analysis and phosphopeptide mapping revealed that lipin 1β is phosphorylated by CKII on multiple serine and threonine residues, with the former being major sites. Mutational analysis of lipin 1β and its peptides indicated that Ser-285 and Ser-287 are both phosphorylated by CKII. Substitutions of Ser-285 and Ser-287 with nonphosphorylatable alanine attenuated the interaction of lipin 1β with 14-3-3β protein, a regulatory hub that facilitates the cytoplasmic localization of phosphorylated lipin 1. These findings advance our understanding of how phosphorylation of lipin 1β phosphatidate phosphatase regulates its interaction with 14-3-3β protein and intracellular localization and uncover a mechanism by which CKII regulates cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Hennessy
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Mitchell E Granade
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Azam Hassaninasab
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Dana Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Joanna M Kwiatek
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
| | - Thurl E Harris
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - George M Carman
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 and
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44
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Zhang P, Csaki LS, Ronquillo E, Baufeld LJ, Lin JY, Gutierrez A, Dwyer JR, Brindley DN, Fong LG, Tontonoz P, Young SG, Reue K. Lipin 2/3 phosphatidic acid phosphatases maintain phospholipid homeostasis to regulate chylomicron synthesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:281-295. [PMID: 30507612 DOI: 10.1172/jci122595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are required for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis from glycerol 3-phosphate in most mammalian tissues. The 3 lipin proteins (lipin 1, lipin 2, and lipin 3) each have PAP activity, but have distinct tissue distributions, with lipin 1 being the predominant PAP enzyme in many metabolic tissues. One exception is the small intestine, which is unique in expressing exclusively lipin 2 and lipin 3. TAG synthesis in small intestinal enterocytes utilizes 2-monoacylglycerol and does not require the PAP reaction, making the role of lipin proteins in enterocytes unclear. Enterocyte TAGs are stored transiently as cytosolic lipid droplets or incorporated into lipoproteins (chylomicrons) for secretion. We determined that lipin enzymes are critical for chylomicron biogenesis, through regulation of membrane phospholipid composition and association of apolipoprotein B48 with nascent chylomicron particles. Lipin 2/3 deficiency caused phosphatidic acid accumulation and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, which were associated with enhanced protein levels of a key phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme (CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α) and altered membrane phospholipid composition. Impaired chylomicron synthesis in lipin 2/3 deficiency could be rescued by normalizing phospholipid synthesis levels. These data implicate lipin 2/3 as a control point for enterocyte phospholipid homeostasis and chylomicron biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lauren S Csaki
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emilio Ronquillo
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynn J Baufeld
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason Y Lin
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexis Gutierrez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer R Dwyer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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45
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Grabon A, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The interface between phosphatidylinositol transfer protein function and phosphoinositide signaling in higher eukaryotes. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:242-268. [PMID: 30504233 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r089730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are key regulators of a large number of diverse cellular processes that include membrane trafficking, plasma membrane receptor signaling, cell proliferation, and transcription. How a small number of chemically distinct phosphoinositide signals are functionally amplified to exert specific control over such a diverse set of biological outcomes remains incompletely understood. To this end, a novel mechanism is now taking shape, and it involves phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer proteins (PITPs). The concept that PITPs exert instructive regulation of PtdIns 4-OH kinase activities and thereby channel phosphoinositide production to specific biological outcomes, identifies PITPs as central factors in the diversification of phosphoinositide signaling. There are two evolutionarily distinct families of PITPs: the Sec14-like and the StAR-related lipid transfer domain (START)-like families. Of these two families, the START-like PITPs are the least understood. Herein, we review recent insights into the biochemical, cellular, and physiological function of both PITP families with greater emphasis on the START-like PITPs, and we discuss the underlying mechanisms through which these proteins regulate phosphoinositide signaling and how these actions translate to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby Grabon
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Mark I McDermott
- E. L. Wehner-Welch Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
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46
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Sellers RS, Mahmood SR, Perumal GS, Macaluso FP, Kurland IJ. Phenotypic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in LPIN1-Deficient Lipodystrophic ( fld) Mice. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:322-331. [PMID: 30381013 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818809126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipin-1 ( Lpin1)-deficient lipodystrophic mice have scant and immature adipocytes and develop transient fatty liver early in life. Unlike normal mice, these mice cannot rely on stored triglycerides to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the β-oxidation of fatty acids during periods of fasting. To compensate, these mice store much higher amounts of glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver than wild-type mice in order to support energy needs during periods of fasting. Our studies demonstrated that there are phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle fibers that reflect an adaptation to this unique metabolic situation. The phenotype of skeletal muscle (soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and extensor digitorum longus [EDL]) from Lpin1-/- was evaluated using various methods including immunohistochemistry for myosin heavy chains (Myh) 1, 2, 2a, 2b, and 2x; enzyme histochemistry for myosin ATPase, cytochrome-c oxidase (COX), and succinyl dehydrogenase (SDH); periodic acid-Schiff; and transmission electron microscopy. Fiber-type changes in the soleus muscle of Lpin1-/- mice were prominent and included decreased Myh1 expression with concomitant increases in Myh2 expression and myosin-ATPase activity; this change was associated with an increase in the presence of Myh1/2a or Myh1/2x hybrid fibers. Alterations in mitochondrial enzyme activity (COX and SDH) were apparent in the myofibers in the soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and EDL muscles. Electron microscopy revealed increases in the subsarcolemmal mitochondrial mass in the muscles of Lpin1-/- mice. These data demonstrate that lipin-1 deficiency results in phenotypic fiber-specific modulation of skeletal muscle necessary for compensatory fuel utilization adaptations in lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani S Sellers
- 1 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Current address: Drug Safety and Research Development, Pfizer, Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - S Radma Mahmood
- 1 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Perumal
- 2 Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank P Macaluso
- 2 Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- 3 Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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47
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Su WM, Han GS, Dey P, Carman GM. Protein kinase A phosphorylates the Nem1-Spo7 protein phosphatase complex that regulates the phosphorylation state of the phosphatidate phosphatase Pah1 in yeast. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15801-15814. [PMID: 30201607 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nem1-Spo7 protein phosphatase plays a role in lipid synthesis by controlling the membrane localization of Pah1, the diacylglycerol-producing phosphatidate (PA) phosphatase that is crucial for the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae By dephosphorylating Pah1, Nem1-Spo7 facilitates its translocation to the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane for catalytic activity. Like its substrate Pah1, Nem1-Spo7 is phosphorylated in the cell, but the specific protein kinases involved remain to be identified. In this study, we demonstrate that the Nem1-Spo7 complex is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA), which is associated with active cell growth, metabolic activity, and membrane phospholipid synthesis. In vitro phosphorylation of purified Nem1-Spo7 and of their synthetic peptides revealed that both subunits of the phosphatase complex are PKA substrates. Using phosphoamino acid and phosphopeptide-mapping analyses coupled with site-directed mutagenesis, we identified Ser-140 and Ser-210 of Nem1 and Ser-28 of Spo7 as PKA-targeted phosphorylation sites. Immunodetection of the phosphatase complex from the cell with anti-PKA substrate antibody confirmed the in vivo phosphorylations of Nem1 and Spo7 on the serine residues. Lipid-labeling analysis of cells bearing phosphorylation-deficient alleles of NEM1 and SPO7 indicated that the PKA phosphorylation of the phosphatase complex stimulates phospholipid synthesis and attenuates the synthesis of triacylglycerol. This work advances the understanding of how PKA-mediated posttranslational modifications of Nem1 and Spo7 regulate lipid synthesis in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Su
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Prabuddha Dey
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - George M Carman
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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48
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Oliferenko S. Understanding eukaryotic chromosome segregation from a comparative biology perspective. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/14/jcs203653. [PMID: 30030298 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-appreciated variation in fundamental cell biological processes between different species is becoming increasingly tractable due to recent breakthroughs in whole-genome analyses and genome editing techniques. However, the bulk of our mechanistic understanding in cell biology continues to come from just a few well-established models. In this Review, I use the highly diverse strategies of chromosome segregation in eukaryotes as an instrument for a more general discussion on phenotypic variation, possible rules underlying its emergence and its utility in understanding conserved functional relationships underlying this process. Such a comparative approach, supported by modern molecular biology tools, might provide a wider, holistic view of biology that is difficult to achieve when concentrating on a single experimental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezhana Oliferenko
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK .,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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49
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Mukiibi R, Vinsky M, Keogh KA, Fitzsimmons C, Stothard P, Waters SM, Li C. Transcriptome analyses reveal reduced hepatic lipid synthesis and accumulation in more feed efficient beef cattle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7303. [PMID: 29740082 PMCID: PMC5940658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms controlling residual feed intake (RFI) in beef cattle are still largely unknown. Here we performed whole transcriptome analyses to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes and their functional roles in liver tissues between six extreme high and six extreme low RFI steers from three beef breed populations including Angus, Charolais, and Kinsella Composite (KC). On average, the next generation sequencing yielded 34 million single-end reads per sample, of which 87% were uniquely mapped to the bovine reference genome. At false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 2, 72, 41, and 175 DE genes were identified in Angus, Charolais, and KC, respectively. Most of the DE genes were breed-specific, while five genes including TP53INP1, LURAP1L, SCD, LPIN1, and ENSBTAG00000047029 were common across the three breeds, with TP53INP1, LURAP1L, SCD, and LPIN1 being downregulated in low RFI steers of all three breeds. The DE genes are mainly involved in lipid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry, cellular development, and cell death and survival. Furthermore, our differential gene expression results suggest reduced hepatic lipid synthesis and accumulation processes in more feed efficient beef cattle of all three studied breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mukiibi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael Vinsky
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Kate A Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.,Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada. .,Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada.
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50
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Dawoody Nejad L, Serricchio M, Jelk J, Hemphill A, Bütikofer P. TbLpn, a key enzyme in lipid droplet formation and phospholipid metabolism, is essential for mitochondrial integrity and growth of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Microbiol 2018; 109:105-120. [PMID: 29679486 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatases, also called lipins, show high amino acid sequence identity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pah1p and catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol. Both the substrate and product of the reaction are key precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerol (TAG). We now show that expression of the Trypanosoma brucei lipin homolog TbLpn is essential for parasite survival in culture. Inducible down-regulation of TbLpn in T. brucei procyclic forms increased cellular PA content, decreased the numbers of lipid droplets, reduced TAG steady-state levels and inhibited in vivo [3 H]TAG formation after labeling trypanosomes with [3 H]glycerol. In addition, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that depletion of TbLpn caused major alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function, i.e., the appearance of distorted mitochondrial matrix, and reduced ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Effects of lipin depletion on mitochondrial integrity have previously not been reported. N- and C-terminally tagged forms of TbLpn were localized in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dawoody Nejad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Jelk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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