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Dembitsky VM. Naturally Occurring Norsteroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38790983 PMCID: PMC11117879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to introduce readers to the fascinating class of lipid molecules known as norsteroids, exploring their distribution across various biotopes and their biological activities. The review provides an in-depth analysis of various modified steroids, including A, B, C, and D-norsteroids, each characterized by distinct structural alterations. These modifications, which range from the removal of specific methyl groups to changes in the steroid core, result in unique molecular architectures that significantly impact their biological activity and therapeutic potential. The discussion on A, B, C, and D-norsteroids sheds light on their unique configurations and how these structural modifications influence their pharmacological properties. The review also presents examples from natural sources that produce a diverse array of steroids with distinct structures, including the aforementioned A, B, C, and D-nor variants. These compounds are sourced from marine organisms like sponges, soft corals, and starfish, as well as terrestrial entities such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. The exploration of these steroids encompasses their biosynthesis, ecological significance, and potential medical applications, highlighting a crucial area of interest in pharmacology and natural product chemistry. The review emphasizes the importance of researching these steroids for drug development, particularly in addressing diseases where conventional medications are inadequate or for conditions lacking sufficient therapeutic options. Examples of norsteroid synthesis are provided to illustrate the practical applications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Feng J, Liu Y, Tian X, Shen C, Feng Z, Zhang J, Yao X, Pu M, Miao X, Ma L, Liu S. Discovery of novel peptide-dehydroepiandrosterone hybrids inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress with effective in vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma activities. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116296. [PMID: 38467086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hybrids have emerged as a type of advantageous compound as they could offer improved pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties. Here, we report a series of novel peptide-dehydroepiandrosterone hybrids, which would effectively induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and lead to apoptosis with outstanding in vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma effects. The lead compound IId among various steroids conjugated with peptides and pyridines showed effective in vivo activity in B16 xenograft mice: in medium- and high-dose treatment groups (60 and 80 mg/kg), compound IId would significantly inhibit the growth of tumours by 98%-99% compared to the control group, with the highest survival rate as well. Further mechanism studies showed that compound IId would damage the endoplasmic reticulum and upregulate the ERS markers C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which could further regulate caspase and Bcl-2 family proteins and lead to cell apoptosis. The compound IId was also proven to be effective in inhibiting B16 cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China.
| | - Xia Tian
- School of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangli Yao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Meilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Xuguang Miao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Centre of New Drug Creation, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050022, Hebei, China.
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Petrova AV, Khusnutdinova EF, Lobov AN, Zakirova LM, Ha NTT, Babkov DA. Selective synthesis of A-ring Е-arylidene derivatives from β-sitosterol and their activity. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:52-59. [PMID: 35895012 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of 24-ethylcholest-4-ene-3,6-dione 2E-arylidene-derivatives has been synthesized by a Claisen-Schmidt reaction from a natural phytosterol β-sitosterol with yields of 80-85%. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, including two-dimensional correlation experiments. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. It was established that compound 3 with pyridin-3-ylmethylene moiety exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect against the U251 cancer cell line with 99.31% inhibition of cancer cell growth. Compounds with pyridin-4-ylmethylene 4 and furan-2-ylmethylene-5 fragments were the most active inhibitors of α-glucosidase with IC50 64.00 and 38.95 µM, being 3- and 5-times more active than acarbose. Binding mode to α-glucosidase and ADMET characteristics for the lead molecule 5 were proposed computationally. To sum up, an efficient approach to the derivatives with promising antidiabetic activity based on available natural product β-sitosterol is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - E F Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - A N Lobov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - L M Zakirova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - N T T Ha
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - D A Babkov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russian Federation
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Hui Z, Wen H, Zhu J, Deng H, Jiang X, Ye XY, Wang L, Xie T, Bai R. Discovery of plant-derived anti-tumor natural products: Potential leads for anti-tumor drug discovery. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106957. [PMID: 37939507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural products represent a paramount source of novel drugs. Numerous plant-derived natural products have demonstrated potent anti-tumor properties, thereby garnering considerable interest in their potential as anti-tumor drugs. This review compiles an overview of 242 recently discovered natural products, spanning the period from 2018 to the present. These natural products, which include 69 terpenoids, 42 alkaloids, 39 flavonoids, 21 steroids, 14 phenylpropanoids, 5 quinolines and 52 other compounds, are characterized by their respective chemical structures, anti-tumor activities, and mechanisms of action. By providing an essential reference and fresh insights, this review aims to support and inspire researchers engaged in the fields of natural products and anti-tumor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Junlong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Haowen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-tumor Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China.
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Imbs AB, Dembitsky VM. Coral Lipids. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:539. [PMID: 37888474 PMCID: PMC10608786 DOI: 10.3390/md21100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reef-building corals, recognized as cornerstone species in marine ecosystems, captivate with their unique duality as both symbiotic partners and autotrophic entities. Beyond their ecological prominence, these corals produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, many of which are poised to revolutionize the domains of pharmacology and medicine. This exhaustive review delves deeply into the multifaceted world of coral-derived lipids, highlighting both ubiquitous and rare forms. Within this spectrum, we navigate through a myriad of fatty acids and their acyl derivatives, encompassing waxes, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, mono-akyl-diacylglycerols, and an array of polar lipids such as betaine lipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and phosphonolipids. We offer a comprehensive exploration of the intricate biochemical variety of these lipids, related fatty acids, prostaglandins, and both cyclic and acyclic oxilipins. Additionally, the review provides insights into the chemotaxonomy of these compounds, illuminating the fatty acid synthesis routes inherent in corals. Of particular interest is the symbiotic bond many coral species nurture with dinoflagellates from the Symbiodinium group; their lipid and fatty acid profiles are also detailed in this discourse. This exploration accentuates the vast potential and intricacy of coral lipids and underscores their profound relevance in scientific endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey B. Imbs
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Antiproliferative and Neuroprotective Effects and In Silico Studies of Novel 16E-Arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone Derivatives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030812. [PMID: 36979790 PMCID: PMC10045663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids constitute an important class of pharmacologically active molecules, playing key roles in human physiology. Within this group, 16E-arylideneandrostane derivatives have been reported as potent anti-cancer agents for the treatment of leukemia, breast and prostate cancers, and brain tumors. Additionally, 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol is an oxysterol with several biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation and cholesterol homeostasis. Interestingly, pregnenolone derivatives combining these two modifications were described as potential neuroprotective agents. In this research, novel 16E-arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone derivatives were synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone by aldol condensation with different aldehydes followed by a diastereoselective 5α,6α-epoxidation. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Furthermore, the assessment of the neuroprotective activity of these derivatives was performed in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line (N27), at basal conditions, and in the presence of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Interestingly, some of these steroids had selective cytotoxic effects in tumoral cell lines, with an IC50 of 3.47 µM for the 2,3-dichlorophenyl derivative in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The effects of this functionalized epoxide on cell proliferation (Ki67 staining), cell necrosis (propidium iodide staining), as well as the analysis of the nuclear area and near neighbor distance in MCF-7 cells, were analyzed. From this set of biological studies, strong evidence of the activation of apoptosis was found. In contrast, no significant neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity was observed for the less cytotoxic steroids in N27 cells. Lastly, molecular docking simulations were achieved to verify the potential affinity of these compounds against important targets of steroidal drugs (androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, and 5α-reductase type 2, 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase and aromatase enzymes). This in silico study predicted a strong affinity between most novel steroidal derivatives and 5α-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase enzymes.
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Zhang X, Shen P, Zhao J, Chen Y, Li X, Huang JW, Zhang L, Li Q, Gao C, Xing Q, Chen CC, Guo RT, Li A. Rationally Controlling Selective Steroid Hydroxylation via Scaffold Sampling of a P450 Family. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Chenghua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P.R. China
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Comparative Analysis of the Metabolites and Biological Activity of Cultivated and Wild Lignosus rhinocerotis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5752575. [PMID: 36164453 PMCID: PMC9509233 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5752575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (L. rhinocerotis) cultivated in rice medium (LRR) and in sawdust medium (LRS) was harvested. Then, in terms of the LRR, LRS, and wild L. rhinocerotis (LRW), the total flavonoid contents, total polyphenol contents, total polysaccharide contents, and metabolites were detected; antioxidants of their aqueous extracts and anti-inflammatory of their polysaccharides were performed. In addition, the possible mechanism of the polysaccharides of L. rhinocerotis inhibiting lung damage was elucidated. The results showed that 32 compounds were characterized in L. rhinocerotis, including flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, and steroids and there were 20 compounds in cultivated and wild L. rhinocerotis; LRR has the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacity. The total polysaccharide contents and the FRAP scavenging capacity of wild L. rhinocerotis were higher than those of cultivated L. rhinocerotis. The inhibition of polysaccharides of LRW (PLRW) on LPS-induced MRC-5 damage was stronger than that of the polysaccharides from cultivated L. rhinocerotis. The PLRW may alleviate lung damage by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway and thereby suppressing the inflammatory response. In summary, both cultivated and wild L. rhinocerotis are abundant in bioactive components and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Potential Active Constituents from Opophytum forsskalii (Hochst. ex Boiss.) N.E.Br against Experimental Gastric Lesions in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091089. [PMID: 36145310 PMCID: PMC9502456 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opophytum forsskalii (O. forsskalii) is a desert plant that belongs to the Aizoaceae family. Although it is a natural food source for Bedouin tribes in northern Saudi Arabia, there is little information on its active metabolites. Therefore, the secondary metabolites of the hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of this species were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass chromatography (LC-MS). LC-MS identified a total of 30 secondary metabolites. These compounds represented two main categories among sixteen classes. Among them, flavonoids represented the largest proportion with eleven metabolites while fatty acids provided seven compounds. In addition, the extract was evaluated for its gastroprotective effect against gastric lesions induced by different models, such as indomethacin, stress, and necrotizing agents (80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, and 25% NaCl), in rats. For each method, group 1 was used as the control group while groups 2 and 3 received the leaf extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The ulcer index (UI) and intraluminal bleeding score (IBS) were measured for each method. In addition, gastric tissue from the ethanol method was used for the analysis of nonprotein sulfhydrates (NP-SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein (TP), and histopathologic evaluation. Pretreatment with O. forsskalii significantly decreased UI (p < 0.01) and IBS (p < 0.01) at 400 mg/kg. Pretreatment with O. forsskalii significantly improved total protein levels (p < 0.01) and NP-SH (p < 0.001) compared to the ethanol ulcer groups. MDA levels increased from 0.5 to 5.8 nmol/g in the normal groups compared to the ethanol groups and decreased to 2.34 nmol/g in the O. forsskalii pretreatment. In addition to the gastroprotective markers, histopathological examination of gastric tissue confirmed the gastroprotective potential of O. forsskalii extract against ethanol.
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Microbiological Aspects of Unique, Rare, and Unusual Fatty Acids Derived from Natural Amides and Their Pharmacological Profile. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the proposed review, the pharmacological profile of unique, rare, and unusual fatty acids derived from natural amides is considered. These amides are produced by various microorganisms, lichens, and fungi. The biological activity of some natural fatty acid amides has been determined by their isolation from natural sources, but the biological activity of fatty acids has not been practically studied. According to QSAR data, the biological activity of fatty acids is shown, which demonstrated strong antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, some fatty acids have shown rare activities such as antidiabetic, anti-infective, anti-eczematic, antimutagenic, and anti-psoriatic activities. For some fatty acids that have pronounced biological properties, 3D graphs are shown that show a graphical representation of unique activities. These data are undoubtedly of both theoretical and practical interest for chemists, pharmacologists, as well as for the pharmaceutical industry, which is engaged in the synthesis of biologically active drugs.
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Dembitsky VM. Natural Polyether Ionophores and Their Pharmacological Profile. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:292. [PMID: 35621943 PMCID: PMC9144361 DOI: 10.3390/md20050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the study of the biological activity of polyether ionophores produced by bacteria, unicellular marine algae, red seaweeds, marine sponges, and coelenterates. Biological activities have been studied experimentally in various laboratories, as well as data obtained using QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) algorithms. According to the data obtained, it was shown that polyether toxins exhibit strong antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, and other activities. Along with this, it was found that natural polyether ionophores exhibit such properties as antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, cytostatic, anti-mycoplasmal, and antieczema activities. In addition, polyethers have been found to be potential regulators of lipid metabolism or inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Further study of the mechanisms of action and the search for new polyether ionophores and their derivatives may provide more effective therapeutic natural polyether ionophores for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. For some polyether ionophores, 3D graphs are presented, which demonstrate the predicted and calculated activities. The data presented in this review will be of interest to pharmacologists, chemists, practical medicine, and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Feng YP, Wang HK, Wu JL, Shao P, Zhou WL, Lai QL, Lin HW, Naman CB, Wang TT, He S. Acremocholone, an Anti-Vibrio Steroid from the Marine Mesophotic Zone Ciocalypta Sponge-Associated Fungus Acremonium sp. NBUF150. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200028. [PMID: 35194947 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) represent an underexplored source of intriguing natural products. Efforts to discover bioactive metabolites from sponge-associated fungi in MCEs identified a new steroid, acremocholone (1) and its three known analogs (2-4), from Acremonium sp. NBUF150. The Acremonium sp. NBUF150 was isolated from a Ciocalypta sponge located 70 m deep within the South China Sea. The planar structures and absolute configuration of 1-4 were determined from NMR-derived spectroscopic data, HR-ESI-MS, and X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 exhibited antimicrobial inhibition against Vibrio scophthalmi, V. shilonii and V. brasiliensis at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8 μg/mL; compound 2 inhibited V. shilonii and V. brasiliensis at 8 and 32 μg/mL, respectively, and compound 4 inhibited growth of V. brasiliensis at 16 μg/mL. Sponge associated fungi from MCEs represent a promising resource of anti-Vibrio drug leads for aquaculture use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ping Feng
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Hong-Kun Wang
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Jia-Ling Wu
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Peng Shao
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Qi-Liang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of P. R. China, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Research Center for Marine Drugs, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China.,Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
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13
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Hepatoprotective Potential of Malaysian Medicinal Plants: A Review on Phytochemicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051533. [PMID: 35268634 PMCID: PMC8911738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is a major global public health concern. Despite advances in modern medicine, the demerits of chemically prepared drugs outweigh their merits. In addition, the treatment of liver diseases based on modern medical principles has been found to produce several undesired side effects. Therefore, the exploration of medicinal plants has gained worldwide attention for treating various diseases, including liver diseases, owing to their potential efficacy and cost effectiveness. Several plants, including Andrographis paniculata, Bauhinia purpurea, Commelina nudiflora, Dillenia suffruticosa, Elaeis guineensis, Lygodium microphyllum, and Nephrolepis biserrata, have been reported with hepatoprotection. Moreover, these plants have been shown to play a vital role in ameliorating cellular damage because they contain several phytochemicals, including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenols, and diterpenoid lactones. The following antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective compounds have been found in these plants: andrographolide, rosmarinic acid, phenol, eugenol, 9,12-octadecadienoic, n-hexadecanoic acid, dihydroxy dimethoxy flavone, sitosterol, demethoxycurcumin, quercetin, linoleic acid, stigmasterol, kojic acid, indole-2-one, α-terpinol, linalool, kaempferol, catechin, ellagic acid, and oleanolic acid. This paper aimed to provide an in-depth review of in vivo studies on Malaysian medicinal plants possessing hepatoprotective properties, phytochemical ingredients, and antioxidant mechanisms, with an emphasis on the species proven particularly useful for treating hepatic disorders.
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14
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Cao F, Zhang MK, Yang X, Xu CX, Cheng JT, Zhao QW, Wu R, Sheng R, Mao XM. A target and efficient synthetic strategy for structural and bioactivity optimization of a fungal natural product. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114067. [PMID: 34973507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drugs have been largely inspired from natural products, while enzymes underlying their biosynthesis have enabled complex structures and diverse bioactivities. Nevertheless, the high enzyme specificity and limited in vivo precursor types have restricted the natural product reservoir, but Nature has imprinted natural products with active sites, which can be readily modified by chemosynthesis with various functional groups for more favorable druggability. Here in the less exploited fungal natural products, we introduced CtvA, a polyketide synthase for a mycotoxin citreoviridin biosynthesis in Aspergillus, into an endophytic fungus Calcarisporium arbuscula to expand tetrahydrofuran (THF) into a dioxabicyclo-octane (DBO) ring moiety based on versatility and promiscuity of the aurovertin biosynthetic enzyme. Alternative acylations on the hydroxyl groups essential for cell toxicity by chemosynthesis produced compounds with improved anti-tumor activities and pharmacokinetics. Thus, we showed an effective strategic way to optimize the fungal natural product efficiently for more promising drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min-Kui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chu-Xuan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Tao Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xu-Ming Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Khan S, Hussain A, Attar F, Bloukh SH, Edis Z, Sharifi M, Balali E, Nemati F, Derakhshankhah H, Zeinabad HA, Nabi F, Khan RH, Hao X, Lin Y, Hua L, Ten Hagen TLM, Falahati M. A review of the berberine natural polysaccharide nanostructures as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112531. [PMID: 34906771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising medicinal properties, berberine (BBR), due to its relatively poor solubility in plasma, low bio-stability and limited bioavailability is not used broadly in clinical stages. Due to these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanoscale natural polysaccharides, are applied to address these concerns. Natural polymers are biodegradable, non-immunogenic, biocompatible, and non-toxic agents that are capable of trapping large amounts of hydrophobic compounds in relatively small volumes. The use of nanoscale natural polysaccharide improves the stability and pharmacokinetics of the small molecules and, consequently, increases the therapeutic effects and reduces the side effects of the small molecules. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the different methods used for increasing the BBR solubility and bioavailability. Afterwards, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic of BBR nanostructures were discussed followed by the introduction of natural polysaccharides of plant (cyclodextrines, glucomannan), the shells of crustaceans (chitosan), and the cell wall of brown marine algae (alginate)-based origins used to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble BBR and their anticancer and antibacterial properties. Finally, the anticancer and antibacterial mechanisms of free BBR and BBR nanostructures were surveyed. In conclusion, this review may pave the way for providing some useful data in the development of BBR-based platforms for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Advanced Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry & Agriculture, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Samir Haj Bloukh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehra Edis
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Balali
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nemati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hojjat Alizadeh Zeinabad
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Institute of Pathology, Univesity of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, India
| | | | - Xiao Hao
- Advanced Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yueting Lin
- High Level Talent Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Hua
- Advanced Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Dembitsky VM. In Silico Prediction of Steroids and Triterpenoids as Potential Regulators of Lipid Metabolism. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:650. [PMID: 34822521 PMCID: PMC8618826 DOI: 10.3390/md19110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on a rare group of steroids and triterpenoids that share common properties as regulators of lipid metabolism. This group of compounds is divided by the type of chemical structure, and they represent: aromatic steroids, steroid phosphate esters, highly oxygenated steroids such as steroid endoperoxides and hydroperoxides, α,β-epoxy steroids, and secosteroids. In addition, subgroups of carbon-bridged steroids, neo steroids, miscellaneous steroids, as well as synthetic steroids containing heteroatoms S (epithio steroids), Se (selena steroids), Te (tellura steroids), and At (astatosteroids) were presented. Natural steroids and triterpenoids have been found and identified from various sources such as marine sponges, soft corals, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. In addition, this group of rare lipids is found in fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants. The pharmacological profile of the presented steroids and triterpenoids was determined using the well-known computer program PASS, which is currently available online for all interested scientists and pharmacologists and is currently used by research teams from more than 130 countries of the world. Our attention has been focused on the biological activities of steroids and triterpenoids associated with the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and related processes such as anti-hyperlipoproteinemic activity, as well as the treatment of atherosclerosis, lipoprotein disorders, or inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. In addition, individual steroids and triterpenoids were identified that demonstrated rare or unique biological activities such as treating neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases with a high degree of certainty over 95 percent. For individual steroids or triterpenoids or a group of compounds, 3D drawings of their predicted biological activities are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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17
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Evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, and nephroprotective proficiency of methanol extract of Aerva lanata. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Liu B, Li B, Zhou D, Wen X, Wang Y, Chen G, Li N. Steroidal saponins with cytotoxic effects from the rhizomes of Asparagus cochinchinensis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105237. [PMID: 34388486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the ongoing research on potent antitumor agents from the rhizomes of Asparagus cochinchinensis, seven undescribed steroidal saponins asparagusoside A-G (1-7), along with twenty known ones (8-27), were isolated and elucidated via analyzing their 1D, 2D NMR, mass spectroscopic data and chemical methods. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against human large cell lung carcinoma cells (NCI-H460) in vitro. Among them, compounds 7, 9 and 27 showed more significant antitumor activities than the positive control cisplatin (11.56 μM) with IC50 values of 1.39, 3.04, and 2.25 μM, respectively. Further research about asparagusoside G (7) showed G0/G1 arrest in NCI-H460 cell line cycle and induced cell death by apoptosis in a dose‑dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Khotimchenko R, Bryukhovetskiy I, Khotimchenko M, Khotimchenko Y. Bioactive Compounds with Antiglioma Activity from Marine Species. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080886. [PMID: 34440090 PMCID: PMC8389718 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new chemical compounds with antitumor pharmacological activity is a necessary process for creating more effective drugs for each specific malignancy type. This review presents the outcomes of screening studies of natural compounds with high anti-glioma activity. Despite significant advances in cancer therapy, there are still some tumors currently considered completely incurable including brain gliomas. This review covers the main problems of the glioma chemotherapy including drug resistance, side effects of common anti-glioma drugs, and genetic diversity of brain tumors. The main emphasis is made on the characterization of natural compounds isolated from marine organisms because taxonomic diversity of organisms in seawaters significantly exceeds that of terrestrial species. Thus, we should expect greater chemical diversity of marine compounds and greater likelihood of finding effective molecules with antiglioma activity. The review covers at least 15 classes of organic compounds with their chemical formulas provided as well as semi-inhibitory concentrations, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetic profiles. In conclusion, the analysis of the taxonomic diversity of marine species containing bioactives with antiglioma activity is performed noting cytotoxicity indicators and to the tumor cells in comparison with similar indicators of antitumor agents approved for clinical use as antiglioblastoma chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodion Khotimchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia; (R.K.); (I.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia; (R.K.); (I.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Maksim Khotimchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia; (R.K.); (I.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Yuri Khotimchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia; (R.K.); (I.B.); (M.K.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, A. V. Zhirmunsky National Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hou Y, Shang C, Meng T, Lou W. Anticancer potential of cardiac glycosides and steroid-azole hybrids. Steroids 2021; 171:108852. [PMID: 33887267 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Steriods are well-known scaffolds that have a widespread occurrence in different compounds characterized by extensive biological properties including anticancer activity. Structural modifications on steroids always generate potential lead compounds with superior bioactivity, and creation of steroid hybrids by combining steroid with other anticancer pharmacophores in one molecule, which can exert the anticancer activity through different mechanisms, is one of the most promising strategies to enhance efficiency, overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Sugars and azoles, can act on diverse receptors, proteins and enzymes in cancer cells, are pharmacologically significant scaffolds in the development of novel anticancer agents. Therefore, steroid-sugar hybrids cardiac glycosides and steroid-azole hybrids are privileged scaffolds for the discovery of novel anticancer candidates. This review emphasized on the development, the structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides and steroid-azole hybrids with potential application for fighting against various cancers including drug-resistant forms to facilitate further rational design of novel drug candidates covering articles published between 2015 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Hou
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an 710125, Shannxi, China
| | - Congshan Shang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an 710125, Shannxi, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an 710125, Shannxi, China
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Respiratory, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, China.
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21
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Dembitsky VM, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV. Antitumor Profile of Carbon-Bridged Steroids (CBS) and Triterpenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:324. [PMID: 34205074 PMCID: PMC8228860 DOI: 10.3390/md19060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the rare group of carbon-bridged steroids (CBS) and triterpenoids found in various natural sources such as green, yellow-green, and red algae, marine sponges, soft corals, ascidians, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. In addition, this group of rare lipids is found in amoebas, fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants. For convenience, the presented CBS and triterpenoids are divided into four groups, which include: (a) CBS and triterpenoids containing a cyclopropane group; (b) CBS and triterpenoids with cyclopropane ring in the side chain; (c) CBS and triterpenoids containing a cyclobutane group; (d) CBS and triterpenoids containing cyclopentane, cyclohexane or cycloheptane moieties. For the comparative characterization of the antitumor profile, we have added several semi- and synthetic CBS and triterpenoids, with various additional rings, to identify possible promising sources for pharmacologists and the pharmaceutical industry. About 300 CBS and triterpenoids are presented in this review, which demonstrate a wide range of biological activities, but the most pronounced antitumor profile. The review summarizes biological activities both determined experimentally and estimated using the well-known PASS software. According to the data obtained, two-thirds of CBS and triterpenoids show moderate activity levels with a confidence level of 70 to 90%; however, one third of these lipids demonstrate strong antitumor activity with a confidence level exceeding 90%. Several CBS and triterpenoids, from different lipid groups, demonstrate selective action on different types of tumor cells such as renal cancer, sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, liver cancer, and genitourinary cancer with varying degrees of confidence. In addition, the review presents graphical images of the antitumor profile of both individual CBS and triterpenoids groups and individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
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22
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Pounina TA, Gloriozova TA, Savidov N, Dembitsky VM. Sulfated and Sulfur-Containing Steroids and Their Pharmacological Profile. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:240. [PMID: 33923288 PMCID: PMC8145587 DOI: 10.3390/md19050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on sulfated steroids that have been isolated from seaweeds, marine sponges, soft corals, ascidians, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. Sulfur-containing steroids and triterpenoids are sourced from sedentary marine coelenterates, plants, marine sediments, crude oil, and other geological deposits. The review presents the pharmacological profile of sulfated steroids, sulfur-containing steroids, and triterpenoids, which is based on data obtained using the PASS program. In addition, several semi-synthetic and synthetic epithio steroids, which represent a rare group of bioactive lipids that have not yet been found in nature, but possess a high level of antitumor activity, were included in this review for the comparative pharmacological characterization of this class of compounds. About 140 steroids and triterpenoids are presented in this review, which demonstrate a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, out of 71 sulfated steroids, thirteen show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 90%, out of 50 sulfur-containing steroids, only four show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 93%, and out of eighteen epithio steroids, thirteen steroids show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of 91% to 97.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Pounina
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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23
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Highlights on Steroidal Arylidene Derivatives as a Source of Pharmacologically Active Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072032. [PMID: 33918373 PMCID: PMC8038301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids constitute a unique class of chemical compounds, playing an important role in physiopathological processes, and have high pharmacological interest. Additionally, steroids have been associated with a relatively low toxicity and high bioavailability. Nowadays, multiple steroidal derivatives are clinically available for the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, different structural modifications on their skeleton have been explored, aiming to develop compounds with new and improved pharmacological properties. Thus, steroidal arylidene derivatives emerged as a relevant example of these modifications. This family of compounds has been mainly described as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and aromatase inhibitors, as well as neuroprotective and anticancer agents. Besides, due to their straightforward preparation and intrinsic chemical reactivity, steroidal arylidene derivatives are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of other compounds, particularly bearing heterocyclic systems. In fact, starting from arylidenesteroids, it was possible to develop bioactive steroidal pyrazolines, pyrazoles, pyrimidines, pyridines, spiro-pyrrolidines, amongst others. Most of these products have also been studied as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, as well as 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of steroidal arylidene derivatives described in the literature, highlighting their bioactivities and importance as synthetic intermediates for other pharmacologically active compounds.
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Dembitsky VM, Ermolenko E, Savidov N, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV. Antiprotozoal and Antitumor Activity of Natural Polycyclic Endoperoxides: Origin, Structures and Biological Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:686. [PMID: 33525706 PMCID: PMC7865715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic endoperoxides are rare natural metabolites found and isolated in plants, fungi, and marine invertebrates. The purpose of this review is a comparative analysis of the pharmacological potential of these natural products. According to PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) estimates, they are more likely to exhibit antiprotozoal and antitumor properties. Some of them are now widely used in clinical medicine. All polycyclic endoperoxides presented in this article demonstrate antiprotozoal activity and can be divided into three groups. The third group includes endoperoxides, which show weak antiprotozoal activity with a reliability of up to 70%, and this group includes only 1.1% of metabolites. The second group includes the largest number of endoperoxides, which are 65% and show average antiprotozoal activity with a confidence level of 70 to 90%. Lastly, the third group includes endoperoxides, which are 33.9% and show strong antiprotozoal activity with a confidence level of 90 to 99.6%. Interestingly, artemisinin and its analogs show strong antiprotozoal activity with 79 to 99.6% confidence against obligate intracellular parasites which belong to the genera Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, and Coccidia. In addition to antiprotozoal activities, polycyclic endoperoxides show antitumor activity in the proportion: 4.6% show weak activity with a reliability of up to 70%, 65.6% show an average activity with a reliability of 70 to 90%, and 29.8% show strong activity with a reliability of 90 to 98.3%. It should also be noted that some polycyclic endoperoxides, in addition to antiprotozoal and antitumor properties, show other strong activities with a confidence level of 90 to 97%. These include antifungal activity against the genera Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus, as well as anti-inflammatory activity. This review provides insights on further utilization of polycyclic endoperoxides by medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
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Ermolenko EV, Imbs AB, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV, Sikorskaya TV, Dembitsky VM. Chemical Diversity of Soft Coral Steroids and Their Pharmacological Activities. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E613. [PMID: 33276570 PMCID: PMC7761492 DOI: 10.3390/md18120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the chemical diversity of steroids produced by soft corals and their determined and potential activities. There are about 200 steroids that belong to different types of steroids such as secosteroids, spirosteroids, epoxy- and peroxy-steroids, steroid glycosides, halogenated steroids, polyoxygenated steroids and steroids containing sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms. Of greatest interest is the pharmacological activity of these steroids. More than 40 steroids exhibit antitumor and related activity with a confidence level of over 90 percent. A group of 32 steroids shows anti-hypercholesterolemic activity with over 90 percent confidence. Ten steroids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and 20 steroids can be classified as respiratory analeptic drugs. Several steroids exhibit rather rare and very specific activities. Steroids exhibit anti-osteoporotic properties and can be used to treat osteoporosis, as well as have strong anti-eczemic and anti-psoriatic properties and antispasmodic properties. Thus, this review is probably the first and exclusive to present the known as well as the potential pharmacological activities of 200 marine steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Andrey B. Imbs
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Tatyana V. Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Nature-derived anticancer steroids outside cardica glycosides. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104757. [PMID: 33069834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Steriods which are ubiquitous in natural resources are important components of cell membranes and involved in several physiological functions. Steriods not only exerted the anticancer activity through inhibition of various enzymes and receptors in cancer cells, inclusive of aromatase, sulfatase, 5α-reductase, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and CYP 17, but also exhibited potential activity against various cancer forms including multidrug-resistant cancer with low cytotoxicity, and high bioavailability. Accordingly, steroids are useful scaffolds for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. This review aims to outline the advances of nature-derived steroids outside cardica glycosides with anticancer potential, covering the articles published between Jan. 2015 and Aug. 2020.
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