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Ha D, Nagai S, Noh B, Mukai N, Miyakawa S, Takemura M. Injury Prevalence among Young Elite Baseball Players. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:134. [PMID: 37505621 PMCID: PMC10383147 DOI: 10.3390/sports11070134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the injury profiles of young Korean baseball players according to position and age as the proportion and distribution of injuries based on playing position and age remains unclear. A total of 271 elite youth baseball players aged 8 to 16 years were divided into two groups: elementary school (ES) (n = 135) and middle school (MS) (n = 136). The participants' basic, baseball practice, and injury information were collected. Injuries in the MS group were not limited to the elbow and shoulder, and injury prevalence varied by age group and baseball position. The most injured body region in the ES group was the elbow joint, regardless of the position. In contrast, the most injured body region in the MS group was the lower back, except for infielders whose elbows were the most injured. Additionally, the MS group was more likely to experience injuries to the lower back (OR = 4.27, 95% CI = 2.47-7.40), shoulder (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.08-3.43; p = 0.024), and knee (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.17-3.94; p = 0.012). Our findings indicate that excessive practice and a lack of rest during MS (growth spurt period) can significantly increase the risk of lower back problems in young baseball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeho Ha
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, 6-8-33 Manabe, Tsuchiura 300-0051, Japan
| | - Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoki Mukai
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shumpei Miyakawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takemura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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Ansari S, Sharma S. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic low back pain in university athletes: a cross-sectional study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35914545 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to establish the prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) in university-level athletes and to examine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), sports discipline, sleep, anxiety, and depression on CLBP. The secondary purpose was to check the association of certain variables in athletes having CLBP with the sports discipline and chronicity of LBP. METHODS A total of 340 players (100% response rate) from different sports, aged 18-30 years with at least 1 year of participation in sports at the university level were screened for the present study. The subjects completed a detailed, semi-structured questionnaire that gathered data regarding their demographic variables, personal and pain-related factors. The study was registered on the clinical trials registry, India (CTRI/2021/09/036675). RESULTS The results revealed the sport-wise point prevalence as follows: cricket (18.5%), basketball (15.6%), volleyball (20.0%), football (11.4%), badminton (7.7%) and tennis (7.7%). A higher number of years at university-level participation (>4 years), smoking, anxiety and BMI (>25 kg/m2) are risk factors for CLBP. The type of LBP, the intensity of the pain (current and last week), variation of the pain intensity, disability, intake of oral medications, physiotherapy for CLBP, number of missed days of training and number of missed matches are not significantly related to the chronicity of LBP or the sports discipline. Only the number of missed days of training had a significant association with the chronicity of LBP. CONCLUSIONS CLBP is a common complaint in Indian university athletes, and our findings indicate the necessity for a specific prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Ansari
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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Vij N, Naron I, Tolson H, Rezayev A, Kaye AD, Viswanath O, Urits I. Back pain in adolescent athletes: a narrative review. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2022; 14:37097. [PMID: 35936806 PMCID: PMC9353696 DOI: 10.52965/001c.37097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back pain in young athletes is common. Adolescents are at an increased risk for back pain related to several factors including rapid growth. Traditionally, the conversation around back pain in the adolescent age group has been centered around diagnosis and treatment; however, there are emerging studies regarding prevention. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present investigation is to summarize sport-specific risk factors, to describe the growing emphasis on prevention/screening, and report results on minimally invasive and surgical options. METHODS The literature search was performed in Mendeley. Search fields were varied until redundant. All articles were screened by title and abstract and a preliminary decision to include an article was made. The full-text screening was performed on the selected articles. Any question regarding the inclusion of an article was discussed by at least 3 authors until an agreement was reached. RESULTS Adolescent athletes have a higher risk of developing spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis than their non-athletic counterparts. Participation in athletic activity alone, increased body mass index, varsity status, and nationally/internationally competitive status are identified are demographic risk factors. Weightlifters, gymnasts, football players, and combat athletes may be at higher risks. Increased lumbar lordosis, abdominal muscle weakness, hip flexor tightness, hamstring tightness, thoracolumbar fascia tightness, femoral anteversion, genu recurvatum, and thoracic kyphosis also predispose. Recent cadaveric and kinematic studies have furthered our understanding of pathoanatomic. There is some evidence to suggest that isokinetic testing and electromyographic data may be able to identify at-risk individuals. Perturbation-based exercise interventions can reduce the incidence of adolescent athletic back pain. There is a large body of evidence to support the efficacy of physical therapy. There is some data to support minimally invasive treatments including external bone growth simulators, steroid injections, and chemonucleolysis for specific pathologies. Endoscopic surgery results for a limited subset of patients with certain disease processes are good. CONCLUSIONS Back pain in adolescent athletes is common and may not lead to appropriate alterations in athletes' level of participation. Athletes with a higher body mass index should be counseled regarding the benefits of losing weight. Isokinetic testing and electromyographic data have the potential as diagnostic and screening tools. Strength deficits and postural control could be used to identify patients requiring early intervention and thus reduce the incidence. External bone growth simulators, steroid injections, and chemonucleolysis could potentially become conservative options in the future. When surgery is indicated, the endoscopic intervention has the potential to decrease operative time, decrease cost, and promote healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Vij
- University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix
| | - Ian Naron
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport School of Medicine
| | | | - Arthur Rezayev
- Louisiana State University Health Shreveport School of Medicine
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport
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Boguszewski D, Jankowski P, Adamczyk JG, Szymańska A. Relationship between the number of steps taken during lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and low back pain. REHABILITACJA MEDYCZNA 2022. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In 2020, the whole world was overwhelmed by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus threat. In order to prevent the spread of the virus, national governments introduced restrictions of movement in public space, closing schools, universities, many companies switched to remote working. In addition to the obvious benefits of the above changes, numerous side effects can be observed. One of them is pain in the locomotive organs caused by the sedentary lifestyle.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess the relationship between physical activity during quarantine, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the occurrence of spinal pain.
Material and methods: The study was attended by 55 people (29 women and 26 men) who attended physiotherapeutic consultations due to low back pain. For comparison purposes, they were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=24) includes active persons, Group 2 (n=31) includes inactive persons. The survey was conducted in June 2020. The study used the reading of pedometers from mobile phones and the Rolland-Morris Questionnaire, Laitinen’s Pain Scale and author’s own questionnaire. The respondents were asked to share the pedometer results from given weeks before, during and after restriction causes by the COVID-19.
Results: Physically active persons (those performing health training) performed more steps before introducing restrictions (p<0.001). After the introduction of restrictions, all-day activity decreased significantly in both groups. The evaluation of pain characteristics revealed significant differences (between groups) in two categories – pain intensity and physical activity limitation. Group 2 individuals also reported greater functional limitations.
Conclusion: In physically inactive people, the intensity of low back pain was much higher. This proves the relationship between activity levels and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Boguszewski
- Pedagogy and Psychology Department. University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland / Katedra Pedagogiki i Psychologii Kultury Fizycznej. Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Warszawie
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Rehabilitation. Medical University of Warsaw, Poland / 2 Zakład Rehabilitacji. Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny
| | - Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk
- Institute of Theory of Sport. University of Physical Education in Warsaw / Poland Katedra Teorii Sportu. Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Warszawie
| | - Agata Szymańska
- Department of Rehabilitation. Medical University of Warsaw, Poland / 2 Zakład Rehabilitacji. Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny
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Sędek K, Truszczyńska-Baszak A, Cygańska AK, Drzał-Grabiec J. Back pain and body posture of non-professional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12838. [PMID: 35261817 PMCID: PMC8898545 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of back pain in non-professional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners (NP-BJJ practitioners), and to assess the relationship between their back pain and postural disorders. Methods The study involved 61 subjects (age: 30.7 ± 4.9 years old; body mass: 79.4 ± 12.9 kg; body height: 179.6 ± 8.4 cm; 8 woman and 53 man), 31 who trained Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and 30 subjects who had never trained any combat sport. The mean time of training BJJ in the study population was 3.9 ± 4.1 years. Postural assessments were conducted with the use of the photogrammetric method. The assessment of back pain and injuries was conducted with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and with our proprietary questionnaire. Results Among both populations, 37 subjects reported back pain. There were no differences in back pain location between the two groups or in functional state on the ODI. Significant differences between the groups in the values of the postural parameters (spinal height, length of kyphosis, length of lordosis, pelvis inclination angle) were observed. Statistically significant differences between the NP-BJJ practitioners with and without back pain in the length of the thoracic kyphosis and the differences in the height of the waist triangles were found. Conclusions Both in the study population and in the control group the spinal pain was minimal or moderate on the ODI. BJJ practitioners who reported back pain had characteristic postural changes in some of the analysed postural parameters in comparison to BJJ practitioners who did not report back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sędek
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Katarzyna Cygańska
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Cugusi L, Manca A, Fishback E, Secci C, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, DI Blasio A, Montella A, Bandiera P, Deriu F. Low back pain prevalence and risk factors in Italian adolescent male soccer players: results from an online survey. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1088-1094. [PMID: 34498823 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective survey was to analyse the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among Italian adolescent soccer players, and to identify potential risk factors. METHODS Participants were requested to answer an online survey based on the standardized Nordic questionnaires for musculoskeletal symptoms. RESULTS Data were obtained from 204 male soccer players aged 14-17 years competing at the national and regional level. More than half of the players had experienced LBP in their lives. One-way ANOVA revealed that the players with LBP were taller, heavier and with a higher BMI (all p values<0.00001). When considering the playing position, ANOVA revealed that 14-15 years-old strikers displayed higher LBP scores than all other roles (all p values<0.05). Accordingly, strikers were exposed to a higher risk of LBP than midfielders (RR=1.48; 95%CI:1.10-2.01; p=0.01) and goalkeepers (RR=1.48; 95%CI:1.02-2.971; p=0.04), but not defenders (RR=1.23; 95%CI:0.93-1.63; p=0.15). Within the 14-15 age-class, strikers were, again, those most exposed to LBP risk (all p values<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric and soccer-related features should be monitored to ensure early identification of potential risk factors for LBP. This information should be considered along with the specific playing position as strikers emerged as the roles most exposed to LBP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy -
| | - Andrea Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ernest Fishback
- Bachelor Degree Course in Physiotherapy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Secci
- Bachelor Degree Course in Physiotherapy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Bergamin
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Gobbo
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea DI Blasio
- Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Franca Deriu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Selhorst M, MacDonald J, Martin LC, Rodenberg R, Krishnamurthy R, Ravindran R, Fischer A. Immediate functional progression program in adolescent athletes with a spondylolysis. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:140-146. [PMID: 34487947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the preliminary evidence for the efficacy and safety of an immediate functional progression program to treat adolescent athletes with an active spondylolysis. DESIGN Prospective single-arm trial. SETTING Hospital-based sports medicine and physical therapy clinic. PARTICIPANTS Twelve adolescent athletes (14.2 ± 2 years, 25% female) with an active spondylolysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical outcomes included time out of sport, Micheli Functional Scale (Function and Pain) and adverse reactions. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and 3 months to confirm diagnosis and assess healing of lesion. RESULTS Eleven participants (92%) fully returned to sport in a median time of 2.5 months (75 days; interquartile range 55 days, 85 days). All participants demonstrated marked improvements in pain and function by the end of the program. One participant (8%) had an adverse reaction during care with a significant recurrence of LBP and had not returned to sport by 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated improvement of the spondylolytic lesion in all but one participant. CONCLUSION The immediate functional progression program appears a viable method for treating active spondylolysis and warrants future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Selhorst
- Sports and Orthopedic Physical Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - James MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa C Martin
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard Rodenberg
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Reno Ravindran
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anastasia Fischer
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abstract
Repetitive stress on the lumbosacral spine during sporting activity places the athletic patient at risk of developing symptomatic pars defect. Clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging are important to distinguish spondylolysis from other causes of lower back pain. Early pars stress reaction can be identified with advanced imaging, before the development of cortical fracture or vertebral slip progression to spondylolisthesis. Conservative management is first-line for low-grade injury with surgical intervention indicated for refractory symptoms, severe spondylolisthesis, or considerable neurologic deficit. Prompt diagnosis and management of spondylolysis leads to good outcomes and return to competition for most athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam L Shimer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Abstract
Although the safety of contact sports has improved over the years, participation in any sport always carries a risk of injury. When cervical or lumbar spine injuries do occur, prompt diagnosis is essential, and athletes must be held out of the sport if indicated to prevent further harm and allow for recovery. This article highlights some of the most common cervical spine pathologies (stinger/burners, strain, stenosis/cord neuropraxia, disc herniation, and fracture/instability) and lumbar spine pathologies (strain, disc degeneration, disc herniation, fracture, spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis, and scoliosis) encountered in sports and reviews the associated return to play guidelines and expectations for each condition.
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Cheng R, Kahan JB, Li D, Schneble CA, Gardner EC. Sex- and Sports-Specific Epidemiology of Traumatic Lumbar Spine Injuries Sustained During Sporting Activities: Male Snowboarders and Female Horseback Riders at Greatest Risk. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2021; 3:e515-e520. [PMID: 34027463 PMCID: PMC8129455 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To generate national estimates of sports-related traumatic lumbar spine injury incidence rates using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database and determine any sports- and sex-specific epidemiologic patterns of these traumatic injuries. Methods Data regarding traumatic lumbar spine injuries sustained through sporting activities from 2009 to 2018 were extracted from the NEISS, a database generating nationwide estimates through patient information collected during emergency department visits from 100 NEISS hospitals across the United States. The estimated number of injuries was calculated using weights assigned by the NEISS database depending on the geographic location of the injury. Results A total of 497 traumatic lumbar spine injuries were identified over the course of 10 years, suggesting 19,208 estimated injuries. The estimated average injury rate was 6.1 injuries per million persons per year. When analyzed by sex, the incidence rate of traumatic lumbar spine injury was 3.6 injuries per million persons per year for male patients and 2.5 injuries per million persons per year for female patients (P = .663). In male patients, 47% of the injuries occurred in individuals aged between 10 and 29 years, whereas injuries in female patients were more equally distributed across different age groups. Horseback riding (27%), skiing (5%), and roller skating (4%) were the leading causes of traumatic lumbar injuries in female patients. In male patients, most injuries were experienced as a result of snowboarding (13%), weightlifting (10%), and football (6%). Conclusions From 2009 to 2018, the estimated incidence of sports-associated traumatic lumbar spine injuries was approximately 6.1 injuries per million persons per year. Male patients experienced a greater number of traumatic lumbar injuries (3.60) than female patients (2.46), with a relative incidence rate of 1.46. The most common source of injury was snowboarding in male patients and horseback riding in female patients. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Joseph B Kahan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Don Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Christopher A Schneble
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth C Gardner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
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Abstract
When searching for evidence-based answers about treating athletes with low back injury/pain, there are some difficulties. The first is defining who is an athlete. The second problem is that the lifetime prevalence of low back pain in the general population in our country approaches 100. Last, most studies published only deal with a narrow population of athletes, often performing very different types of physical activity. We searched the literature for studies that specifically evaluated athletes longitudinally. This article reviews the demographics, diagnostic challenges, history and physical examination, imaging choices, treatment, and controversies encountered when treating this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Daniels
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 612 North 11th Street, Quincy, IL 62301, USA.
| | - Cesar Arguelles
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 612 North 11th Street, Quincy, IL 62301, USA
| | - Christopher Gleason
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 520 North 4th Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - William H Dixon
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 612 North 11th Street, Quincy, IL 62301, USA
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Prevalence of Spondylolysis in Symptomatic Adolescent Athletes: An Assessment of Sport Risk in Nonelite Athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2019; 29:421-425. [PMID: 31460956 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of spondylolysis by sport in nonelite adolescent athletes with low back pain (LBP). DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Hospital-based sports medicine clinic. PATIENTS The medical charts of 1025 adolescent athletes with LBP (age 15 ± 1.8 years) were examined; 308 (30%) were diagnosed with a spondylolysis. ASSESSMENT OF RISK Risk of spondylolysis was assessed in 11 sports for males and 14 sports for females. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Relative risk of diagnosis of spondylolysis injury. RESULTS The risk of spondylolysis differed by sex with baseball (54%), soccer (48%), and hockey (44%) having the highest prevalence in males and gymnastics (34%), marching band (31%), and softball (30%) for female athletes. Baseball was the only sport to demonstrate a significant increased risk of spondylolysis. CONCLUSIONS The sports with the greatest risk of spondylolysis in adolescent athletes in this study were not consistent with published literature. Clinicians should be cautious generalizing high-risk sports to their practice, as geographic region and level of the athlete may significantly influence the incidence of spondylolysis in the population they are treating.
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Ball JR, Harris CB, Lee J, Vives MJ. Lumbar Spine Injuries in Sports: Review of the Literature and Current Treatment Recommendations. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2019; 5:26. [PMID: 31236714 PMCID: PMC6591346 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is one of the most prevalent complaints of athletes at all levels of competition. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of sport-specific injuries and treatment outcomes that can be used by healthcare providers to better recognize injury patterns and treatment options for different groups of athletes. To our knowledge, no prior comprehensive review of lumbar spine injuries in sports is currently available in the literature, and it is essential that healthcare providers understand the sport-specific injury patterns and treatment guidelines for athletes presenting with low back pain following an athletic injury. Injury mechanisms were found to vary significantly by sport, although some broad recommendations can be made with regards to optimal treatment for these injuries and return to play. Additionally, it was found that certain treatments were more beneficial and resulted in higher rates of return to play depending on the specific sport of the injured athlete. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the different injury patterns seen in specific sports in order to properly evaluate and treat these injuries. Furthermore, an individualized treatment plan needs to be selected in a sport-specific context in order to meet the needs of the athlete in the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Ball
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen St., ACC D1610, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Colin B Harris
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen St., ACC D1610, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen St., ACC D1610, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Michael J Vives
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 140 Bergen St., ACC D1610, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Noll M, Silveira EA, de Avelar IS. Evaluation of factors associated with severe and frequent back pain in high school athletes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171978. [PMID: 28222141 PMCID: PMC5319774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that half of all young athletes experience back pain (BP). However, high intensity and frequency of BP may be harmful, and the factors associated with BP severity have not been investigated in detail. Here, we investigated the factors associated with a high intensity and high frequency of BP in high school athletes. We included 251 athletes (173 boys and 78 girls [14-20 years old]) in this cross-sectional study. The dependent variables were a high frequency and high intensity of BP, and the independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, hereditary, anthropometric, behavioural, and postural factors and the level of exercise. The effect measure is presented as prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 251 athletes, 104 reported BP; thus, only these athletes were included in the present analysis. Results of multivariable analysis showed an association between high BP intensity and time spent using a computer (PR: 1.15, CI: 1.01-1.33), posture while writing (PR: 1.41, CI: 1.27-1.58), and posture while using a computer (PR: 1.39, CI: 1.26-1.54). Multivariable analysis also revealed an association of high BP frequency with studying in bed (PR: 1.19, CI: 1.01-1.40) and the method of carrying a backpack (PR: 1.19, CI: 1.01-1.40). In conclusion, we found that behavioural and postural factors are associated with a high intensity and frequency of BP. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare different intensities and frequencies of BP, and our results may help physicians and coaches to better understand BP in high school athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Noll
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ivan Silveira de Avelar
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
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15
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Mueller S, Mueller J, Stoll J, Prieske O, Cassel M, Mayer F. Incidence of back pain in adolescent athletes: a prospective study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:38. [PMID: 27980790 PMCID: PMC5142377 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, the incidence rate of back pain (BP) in adolescents has been reported at 21%. However, the development of BP in adolescent athletes is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of BP in young elite athletes in relation to gender and type of sport practiced. Methods Subjective BP was assessed in 321 elite adolescent athletes (m/f 57%/43%; 13.2 ± 1.4 years; 163.4 ± 11.4 cm; 52.6 ± 12.6 kg; 5.0 ± 2.6 training yrs; 7.6 ± 5.3 training h/week). Initially, all athletes were free of pain. The main outcome criterion was the incidence of back pain [%] analyzed in terms of pain development from the first measurement day (M1) to the second measurement day (M2) after 2.0 ± 1.0 year. Participants were classified into athletes who developed back pain (BPD) and athletes who did not develop back pain (nBPD). BP (acute or within the last 7 days) was assessed with a 5-step face scale (face 1–2 = no pain; face 3–5 = pain). BPD included all athletes who reported faces 1 and 2 at M1 and faces 3 to 5 at M2. nBPD were all athletes who reported face 1 or 2 at both M1 and M2. Data was analyzed descriptively. Additionally, a Chi2 test was used to analyze gender- and sport-specific differences (p = 0.05). Results Thirty-two athletes were categorized as BPD (10%). The gender difference was 5% (m/f: 12%/7%) but did not show statistical significance (p = 0.15). The incidence of BP ranged between 6 and 15% for the different sport categories. Game sports (15%) showed the highest, and explosive strength sports (6%) the lowest incidence. Anthropometrics or training characteristics did not significantly influence BPD (p = 0.14 gender to p = 0.90 sports; r2 = 0.0825). Conclusions BP incidence was lower in adolescent athletes compared to young non-athletes and even to the general adult population. Consequently, it can be concluded that high-performance sports do not lead to an additional increase in back pain incidence during early adolescence. Nevertheless, back pain prevention programs should be implemented into daily training routines for sport categories identified as showing high incidence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mueller
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliane Mueller
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Josefine Stoll
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Cassel
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Bazanella NV, Garrett JGZD, Gomes ARS, Novack LF, Osiecki R, Korelo RIG. Associação entre dor lombar e aspectos cinético-funcionais em surfistas: incapacidade, funcionalidade, flexibilidade, amplitude de movimento e ângulo da coluna torácica e lombar. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/16168723042016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Embora a prática do surf possa contribuir para o aparecimento de dor lombar crônica, ainda não está totalmente esclarecido se a lombalgia está associada a alterações cinético-funcionais. Assim, investigou-se a associação entre a presença de dor lombar com aspectos cinético-funcionais em surfistas com diferentes tempos de prática. Participaram deste estudo observacional de corte transversal 66 surfistas do litoral do Paraná. Os participantes foram alocados em três grupos, conforme o tempo de prática esportiva em anos: G1 (até 4,9 anos), G2 (de 5 a 9,9 anos) e G3 (acima de 10 anos de prática). Foram avaliados: índice de massa corporal, nível de atividade física, presença de dor lombar, intensidade e periodicidade da dor, incapacidade lombar, funcionalidade lombar, flexibilidade lombar, amplitude de movimento lombar, e ângulo torácico e lombar. Para a análise da associação entre os aspectos cinético-funcionais e a dor lombar foram utilizados o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para dados categóricos e ANOVA com post hoc de Bonferroni (p<0,05) para dados nominais. O maior tempo de prática esportiva (G3) revelou associação com a presença (p=0,05) e maior intensidade da dor lombar (p=0,01). O grupo que praticava o esporte entre 5 a 9,9 anos (G2) apresentou maior ângulo lombar (p=0,04). Conclui-se que a presença da dor lombar crônica em surfistas apresentou associação com a intensidade da dor, o ângulo da coluna lombar e o tempo de prática de surf.
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17
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Khodaee M, Edelman GT, Spittler J, Wilber R, Krabak BJ, Solomon D, Riewald S, Kendig A, Borgelt LM, Riederer M, Puzovic V, Rodeo S. Medical Care for Swimmers. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2016; 2:27. [PMID: 27512647 PMCID: PMC4960281 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-016-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Swimming is one of the most popular sports worldwide. Competitive swimming is one of the most watched sports during the Olympic Games. Swimming has unique medical challenges as a result of a variety of environmental and chemical exposures. Musculoskeletal overuse injuries, overtraining, respiratory problems, and dermatologic conditions are among the most common problems swimmers encounter. Although not unique to swimming, overtraining is a serious condition which can have significant negative impact on swimmers' health and performance. This review article is an attempt to discuss various issues that a medical team should consider when caring for swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Khodaee
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO USA
| | - George T Edelman
- Edelman Spine & Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, Dover, DE USA ; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Jack Spittler
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO USA
| | - Randall Wilber
- United State Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| | - Brian J Krabak
- Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Sports Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Scott Riewald
- Winter Sports, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| | - Alicia Kendig
- United State Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO USA
| | - Laura M Borgelt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Family Medicine, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Mark Riederer
- Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Vladimir Puzovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Scott Rodeo
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY USA ; Tissue Engineering, Regeneration, and Repair Program, The Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY USA
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18
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Noll M, de Avelar IS, Lehnen GC, Vieira MF. Back Pain Prevalence and Its Associated Factors in Brazilian Athletes from Public High Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150542. [PMID: 26938456 PMCID: PMC4777545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the prevalence of back pain have evaluated it in developed countries (Human Development Index--HDI > 0.808), and their conclusions may not hold for developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of back pain in representative Brazilian athletes from public high schools. This cross-sectional study was performed during the state phase of the 2015 Jogos dos Institutos Federais (JIF), or Federal Institutes Games, in Brazil (HDI = 0.744), and it enrolled 251 athletes, 173 males and 78 females (14-20 years old). The dependent variable was back pain, and the independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, hereditary, exercise-level, anthropometric, strength, behavioral, and postural factors. The prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated using multivariable analysis according to the Poisson regression model (α = 0.05). The prevalence of back pain in the three months prior to the study was 43.7% (n = 104), and 26% of the athletes reported feeling back pain only once. Multivariable analysis showed that back pain was associated with demographic (sex), psychosocial (loneliness and loss of sleep in the previous year), hereditary (ethnicity, parental back pain), strength (lumbar and hand forces), anthropometric (body mass index), behavioral (sleeping time per night, reading and studying in bed, smoking habits in the previous month), and postural (sitting posture while writing, while on a bench, and while using a computer) variables. Participants who recorded higher levels of lumbar and manual forces reported a lower prevalence of back pain (PR < 0.79), whereas feeling lonely in the previous year, obesity, and ethnicity exhibited the highest prevalence ratio (PR > 1.30). In conclusion, there is no association between exercise levels and back pain but there is an association between back pain and non-exercise related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Noll
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Goiano–Campus Ceres, Ceres, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ivan Silveira de Avelar
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Georgia Cristina Lehnen
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fraga Vieira
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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19
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Müller J, Müller S, Stoll J, Fröhlich K, Otto C, Mayer F. Back pain prevalence in adolescent athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:448-454. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Müller
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics; University Outpatient Clinic; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - S. Müller
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics; University Outpatient Clinic; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - J. Stoll
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics; University Outpatient Clinic; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - K. Fröhlich
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics; University Outpatient Clinic; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - C. Otto
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics; University Outpatient Clinic; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - F. Mayer
- Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics; University Outpatient Clinic; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
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